EP0064313B1 - Mikrowellenstrahlerelement für Zirkularpolarisation und ebene Mikrowellenantenne mit einer Gruppe solcher Elemente - Google Patents

Mikrowellenstrahlerelement für Zirkularpolarisation und ebene Mikrowellenantenne mit einer Gruppe solcher Elemente Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0064313B1
EP0064313B1 EP82200487A EP82200487A EP0064313B1 EP 0064313 B1 EP0064313 B1 EP 0064313B1 EP 82200487 A EP82200487 A EP 82200487A EP 82200487 A EP82200487 A EP 82200487A EP 0064313 B1 EP0064313 B1 EP 0064313B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dipoles
signals
plane
planar
received
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82200487A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0064313A1 (de
Inventor
François de Ronde
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Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Laboratoires dElectronique et de Physique Appliquee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Publication of EP0064313B1 publication Critical patent/EP0064313B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a receiver element for microwave signals with circular polarizations, produced in a planar structure according to the printed circuit technique associated with a dielectric support, as well as a planar antenna comprising an array of such elements.
  • a reception element or an antenna composed of a network of reception elements
  • a radiating element as a radiating antenna
  • French patent application FR-A-2 408 921 describes an antenna comprising on the one hand radiating elements or receivers of microwave signals and on the other hand, associated with these, microwave transmission line termination structures .
  • this termination structure only allows the reception of microwave signals of a single type of circular polarization and, moreover, the radiating and receiving elements consist of a set of three annular slots operating in a different and more complex way than the elements provided in this case.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a new structure for an element for receiving microwave signals, these signals being able to be indifferently with left circular polarization or with right circular polarization, as well as an antenna composed of such elements.
  • the invention firstly relates, for this purpose, to a receiver element for microwave signals with circular polarizations produced in planar structure according to the printed circuit technique associated with a dielectric support, or, according to the principle of reciprocity of antennas, a radiating element.
  • said element comprising on the one hand two superimposed planar dielectric layers (12) and (13) each comprising on their outer face an electrically conductive surface (14) or (15) which constitutes a plane called mass and on the other hand, in the median plane (10) located between these layers, two separate triplate lines (3) and (4) of microwave transmission whose ends, called first, are respectively arranged along two substantially perpendicular and radial axes , characterized in that it is provided in each of the conductive surfaces with circular coaxial recesses with a diameter close to half the wavelength signals to be received, these recesses revealing the dielectric layers (12) and (13) and being situated opposite said first line ends to achieve with them a coupling allowing the transmission of the microwave signals to be received, and in
  • the receiving element also comprises in the same median plane at least two dipoles each consisting of an electrically conductive strip of length substantially equal to half the wavelength of the signals to receive and arranged along said axes to allow effective coupling between these dipoles and the corresponding triplate transmission lines, an insulating sheet being interposed between, these dipoles for. electrically separate from each other at least the portions of these two dipoles which are opposite one another, and this pair of dipoles being situated opposite the recesses.
  • both of these two structures have the same essential advantages, namely the possibility of receiving signals with left or right circular polarization at the same time, and the almost total absence of coupling between the circuits corresponding to these two types of received signals since in the center of the dipoles, the coupling is only capacitive, and precisely where the electric field is zero or very weak.
  • the receiving element shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b is produced according to the technique of the printed circuit associated with a dielectric support and comprises the following symmetrical planar structure.
  • a first plane 10 said median and which constitutes a plane of symmetry for the structure described, there are provided two completely separate dipoles 1 and 2, each consisting of an electrically conductive strip whose length is substantially equal to half the length of the microwave signals to be received.
  • These dipoles 1 and 2 are here arranged in an electrically symmetrical cross, along two perpendicular axes, and separated by a thin insulating sheet 11 (the dimensions of this sheet can, if desired, be limited to those necessary to isolate one of the other the portions of the dipoles which are actually opposite one another).
  • This same median plane 10 also contains two triplate lines 3 and 4, intended to ensure the transmission of the signals received by the dipoles to a reception device not shown. These two lines 3 and 4 must be independent and have no electrical connection between them.
  • a first end 3a of the line 3 is located opposite one end of the dipole 1 and aligned with it, so as to achieve with this dipole a capacitive coupling and, similarly, a first end 4a of the line 4 is located in sight of one end of the dipole 2 and aligned with it, to also carry out a capacitive coupling.
  • the second ends 3b and 4b of line 3 and line 4 are fitted with connectors 5 and 6 respectively and each constitute a connection intended to be connected to the electronic reception circuits, not shown.
  • the receiving element finally comprises, on either side of the median plane 10, two pin dietary layers 12 and 13 each comprising on their outer face an electrically conductive surface, 14 and 15 respectively, which constitutes a ground plan.
  • these conductive surfaces are provided non-conductive recesses 7 and 8 respectively, the recess 7 in the surface 14 revealing the dielectric layer 12 and the recess 8 in the layer 15 revealing the dielectric layer 13.
  • the recesses 7 and 8 are circular, with a diameter slightly greater than the length of each dipole, and are located opposite the dipoles so that they are entirely contained in the cylindrical contour which these recesses define.
  • the line-dipole and space-dipole couplings can be strong simultaneously, thanks to the presence of ground planes preventing parasitic radiation from the triplate transmission lines and to that of the recesses authorizing reception exclusively with regard to the dipoles;
  • reception is that of circular polarization signals, both left and right, since the proposed structure does not eliminate either of the two possibilities, the separation of one or the other only taking place later;
  • the coexistence of these two possibilities of reception of signals of different circular polarizations is accompanied by good electrical insulation between the corresponding circuits, thanks to the complete separation of the two dipoles 1 and 2 (opposite to that which is described in patent No. 4,054,874 already cited).
  • the element can be equipped with a reflective metal surface 16, arranged on one side of the element (see FIG. 1b) and parallel to the median plane 10 of the latter.
  • This conventional arrangement see for example FIG. 2 of French patent application No. FR-A-2 408 921 reinforces the reception efficiency, the waves received which reach said surface 16 being returned to the dipoles.
  • This reinforcement is optimal if the distance between this surface 16 and the median plane 10 is equal to or substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength associated with the frequency of the useful signals to be received (by equal is meant electrically equivalent taking into account the media crossed; between the surface 16 and plane 10, there is indeed an air layer and a dielectric layer, layer 13).
  • the element which has just been described can, in accordance with the invention, be used for the production of a planar microwave antenna composed of a whole array of such elements, according to the same technique of the printed circuit associated with a dielectric support, with the structure described below with reference to Figures 3a and 3b.
  • a first median plane 100 is provided a whole set of (mxn) pairs of dipoles 1 min and 2 m . n (referenced in the same way as the dipoles 1 and 2 of the element considered in isolation, but with the indices m, n to characterize them each, m and n being, in the example here considered, equal to 25, but being able to naturally take other values).
  • the dipoles 1 m . n and 2 m In each pair, the dipoles 1 m . n and 2 m .
  • n are, as before, arranged in an electrically symmetrical cross, along two perpendicular axes, but being completely distinct, with electrical insulation provided again by an insulating sheet (either a single sheet with the same surface area as the complete antenna, or pieces of insulating sheet provided only in the dipole area, these pieces possibly themselves being limited to the dimensions just sufficient for the portions of dipoles facing each other to be effectively isolated. one in relation to the other).
  • an insulating sheet either a single sheet with the same surface area as the complete antenna, or pieces of insulating sheet provided only in the dipole area, these pieces possibly themselves being limited to the dimensions just sufficient for the portions of dipoles facing each other to be effectively isolated. one in relation to the other).
  • the 2- (mxn) dipoles (1 m . N ), (2 m . N ) each consist of a conductive tape whose electrical length is substantially equal to half the wavelength of the microwave signals to be received.
  • the dipoles are grouped into (mxn) first dipoles 1 min and (mxn) second dipoles 2 m . n . all the first dipoles on the one hand being parallel to one another from a pair of dipoles to the other, all the second - my dipoles on the other hand being also parallel to each other for a pair of dipoles at the other.
  • the median plane 100 contains, in addition to the (mxn) pairs of dipoles, the association of two networks of triplate microwave transmission lines, not shown to simplify the figures. These networks are, like lines 3 and 4, electrically independent of each other, intended to ensure the transmission of the signals received by the dipoles to the reception device (not shown), and for this purpose each composed of a succession of stages of combination of the received signals. Such networks are known in numerous embodiments (see, by way of nonlimiting example, the network shown in FIG. 1 of French patent application No. 2,050,408).
  • the first (mxn) ends of one of the networks are located opposite one end of the 1 min dipoles (mxn) (the same for all these dipoles) and each aligned with the corresponding dipole end, so as to achieve with the dipoles concerned a capacitive coupling; similarly, the first (mxn) ends of the other network are located opposite one end of the (mxn) 2 m dipoles. n and aligned with them respectively, to also perform a capacitive coupling of the dipoles to the networks.
  • the opposite end, or second end, of the first network is the point of convergence of all the transmission lines composing this network; it is equipped with a first connector and constitutes a connection intended to be connected to the electronic circuits of the reception device; it is the same for the second end of the second network, equipped with a second connector.
  • the antenna finally comprises, on either side of the median plane 100, two planar dielectric layers 112 and 113 each having on their outer face an electrically conductive surface, 114 and 115 respectively, which constitutes a plane of mass.
  • These conductive surfaces 114 and 115 each comprise a set of (mxn) non-conductive recesses revealing the corresponding dielectric layer 112 or 113.
  • These 107 m, n and 108 min recesses are circular, with a diameter slightly greater than the length of the dipoles and are located opposite them, in such a way that each pair of dipoles is entirely contained in the cylindrical contour delimited by the corresponding recesses.
  • the antenna thus proposed has the same advantages as the single element described above (quality of the useful couplings, almost total absence of harmful couplings, possibility of simultaneous reception of signals with left or right circular polarization, variations in the characteristics of the dipoles, etc. ).
  • the element and the antenna as described comprise dipoles, but an embodiment without dipoles (all other things almost equal) can be proposed, with the same essential advantages recalled above.
  • the dimensions of the recesses are such that these become resonant diaphragms for the frequency of the signals to be received, the intensity of the coupling diaphragms-triplate lines then being linked to the importance of the penetration of the end of these lines in the cylindrical contour limited by the recesses.
  • the element or antenna according to the invention is equipped with a metallic reflecting surface such as 16 (see the element in FIG. 1b), this surface can, in particular to avoid any coupling between neighboring receiving elements, be limited by (mxn) lateral metal walls with a diameter slightly greater than that of the recesses. These walls are perpendicular to the reflecting surface which now constitutes a bottom wall and placed on the ground plane of the corresponding dielectric layer (see FIG. 4 where an element is shown equipped with such a wall 17).
  • the element or the antenna can also be equipped, in particular to avoid any horizontal radiation from one receiving element to another, with a metal ring 18 of diameter identical to that of the wall 17 and placed on the ground plane on the other dielectric layer.
  • the element and the antenna which have been described above find an essential application in the field of television transmitted by satellite, for equipping the systems for receiving these television signals.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Empfangselement für kreispolarisierte HF-Signale, ausgebildet in einer flachen Struktur entsprechend der gedruckten Schaltungstechnologie auf einem dielektrischen Träger oder entsprechend dem reziproken Prinzip von Antennen, wobei das Strahlungselement derartiger Signale auf ähnliche Weise ausgebildet ist, wobei dieses genannte Element einerseits zwei überlagerte flache dielektrische Schichten, (12) und (13) aufweist, die je an der äusseren Oberfläche eine elektrisch leitende Fläche (14) oder (15) haben, die eine Fläche bilden, die als Masse bezeichnet wird und andererseits in der mittleren Ebene (10) zwischen diesen Schichten zwei Streifenleitungen (3) und (4) für HF-Übertragung, wobei die Enden, die als erste Enden bezeichnet werden, sich entsprechend zwei im wesentlichen senkrecht aufeinander stehenden Achsen erstrecken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es in jeder der leitenden Flächen koaxiale Hohräume gibt mit einem Durchmesser nahezu der halben Wellenlänge der zu empfangenen Signale, wobei diese Hohlräume die dielektrischen Schichten (12) und (13) erscheinen lassen und gegenüber den genannten ersten Enden des Streifens liegen um mit denselben eine Kopplung zu verwirklichen zum Übertragen der zu empfangenden HF-Signale und dass jedes der zwei anderen Enden, die als zweite Enden bezeichnet werden, der Streifenleitungen (3) und (4) eine Verbindung mit elektronischen Empfangsschaltungen bildet.
2. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es in derselben mittleren Ebene (10) wenigstens zwei Dipole (1) und (2) enthält, je in Form eines elektrisch leitenden Streifens mit einer Länge, die im wesentlichen der halben Wellenlänge der zu empfangenden Signale entspricht und angeordnet entsprechend den genannten Achsen um eine effektive Kopplung zwischen diesen Dipolen und den entsprechenden Streifenleitungen (3) und (4) zu verwirklichen, wobei zwischen diesen Dipolen eine isolierende Folie (11) vorgesehen ist um wenigstens diejenigen Teile dieser zwei Dipole elektrisch voneinander zu trennen, die gegenüber einander liegen und wobei dieses Dipolpaar gegenüber den Hohlräumen angeordnet ist.
3. Element nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streifen, die die Dipole (1) und (2) bilden, unterschiedliche aber nicht zu sehr verschiedene Längen aufweisen.
4. Element nach einem der Ansprüche 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streifen, die die Dipole (1) und (2) bilden, an ihren Enden breiter sind als im zentralen Teil.
5. Element nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Draufsicht der Schnittpunkt der zwei Achsen, entsprechend denen die Dipole (1) und (2) angeordnet sind, für jeden Dipol mit dem elektrischen Minimum zusammenfällt.
6. Element nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Oberfläche jedes Dipols (1) oder (2) um den Punkt, der mit dem Schnittpunkt der zwei Achsen, entsprechend denen diese Dipole angeordnet sind, zusammenfällt, ein kleiner nicht leitender Hohlraum (20) vorgesehen ist.
7. HF-Flachantenne mit einem Netzwerk von Empfangselementen konform Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne die folgende symmetrische Struktur aufweist:
A) zwei aufeinander angeordnete flache dielektrische Schichten (112) und (113), die je an der äusseren Oberfläche eine elektrisch leitende Fläche (114) oder (115) aufweisen, die eine Fläche bildet, die als Masse bezeichnet wird und wobei in jeder dieser leitenden Oberflächen (m x n) nicht leitende Hohlräume (107 m,n) (108m.n) vorgesehen sind, durch welche die entsprechende dielektrische Schicht sichtbar ist und paarweise in bezug aufeinander angeordnet sind ;
B) in der mittleren Ebene (100) zwischen den zwei Schichten (112) und (113) zwei flache Netzwerke von HF-Streifenleitungen, die je durch eine Folge von Kombinierstufen der empfangenen Signale gebildet werden, wobei die (m x n) Enden jedes Netzwerkes gegenüber den zweiten (m x n) Hohlräumen angeordnet sind, um mit denselben eine Kopplung zu verwirklichen, wodurch Übertragung von HF-Signalen möglich wird, und wobei das gegenüberliegende Ende jedes dieser zwei Netzwerke einen Anschluss bildet zur Verbindung mit den elektronischen Schaltungsanordnungen der Empfangsapparatur.
8. HF-Flachantenne mit einem Netzwerk von Empfangselementen, wobei jedes Element von den Ansprüchen 2 bis 6 abhängig ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne die folgende symmetrische Struktur aufweist :
A) in einer mittleren Ebene (100) ein Gefüge aus (m x n) Paaren von Dipolen, aufgeteilt in ersten und zweiten Dipolen (1 m,n) und (2m.n) entsprechend zwei im wesentlichen senkrechten aufeinanderstehenden Achsen angeordnet, wobei die ersten Dipole (1 m,n) einerseits und die zweiten Dipole (2m. n) andererseits parallel zueinander in Paaren von Dipolen angeordnet sind ;
B) in derselben mittleren Ebene (100) zwei planare Netzwerke von HF-Übertragungsstreifenleitungen, die je durch eine Folge von Kombinierstufen für HF-Signale gebildet werden, wobei die (m x n) Enden jedes Netzwerkes gegenüber einem Ende der (m x n) ersten Dipole (1 m,n) angeordnet sind für eines der Netzwerke und gegenüber einem Ende der (m x n) zweiten Dipole (2m.n) für das andere Netzwerk, um eine einwandfreie kapazitive Kopplung zwischen jedem Netzwerk und dem (m x n) damit zusammenarbeitenden Dipolen zu verwirklichen um die Übertragung der HF-Signale zu ermöglichen und wobei das gegenüberliegende Ende jedes dieser zwei Netzwerke einen Anschluss bildet zur Kopplung mit elektronischen Schaltungsanordnungen ;
C) auf beiden Seiten dieser mittleren Ebene (100) zwei flache dielektrische Schichten (112) und (113), die je in der äusseren Oberfläche eine elektrisch leitende Oberfläche (114) oder (115) aufweisen, die eine Fläche bildet, die als Masse bezeichnet wird, und wobei jede dieser leitenden Flächen (m x n) nicht leitende Hohlräume (7m,n) oder (8m,n) aufweist, durch welche die entsprechende dielektrische Schicht sichtbar ist und gegenüber den (m x n) Paaren von Dipolen liegt.
9. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 7 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie (m x n) Metallkragen (18) enthält mit einem Umriss entsprechend dem Umriss der nicht leitenden Hohlräume (7 m,n), die an den entsprechenden Seiten liegen, wobei diese Kragen von der Erdungsfläche getragen werden und senkrecht darauf stehen.
EP82200487A 1981-05-04 1982-04-23 Mikrowellenstrahlerelement für Zirkularpolarisation und ebene Mikrowellenantenne mit einer Gruppe solcher Elemente Expired EP0064313B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8108780A FR2505097A1 (fr) 1981-05-04 1981-05-04 Element rayonnant ou recepteur de signaux hyperfrequences a polarisations circulaires et antenne plane hyperfrequence comprenant un reseau de tels elements
FR8108780 1981-05-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0064313A1 EP0064313A1 (de) 1982-11-10
EP0064313B1 true EP0064313B1 (de) 1986-07-30

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Country Link
US (1) US4486758A (de)
EP (1) EP0064313B1 (de)
JP (2) JPS57185704A (de)
AU (1) AU549062B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1186405A (de)
DE (2) DE3272279D1 (de)
DK (1) DK195882A (de)
FR (1) FR2505097A1 (de)

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FR2505097B1 (de) 1985-05-10
AU549062B2 (en) 1986-01-09
DK195882A (da) 1982-11-05
JPS57185704A (en) 1982-11-16
JPS5893007U (ja) 1983-06-23
DE8212076U1 (de) 1982-12-02
CA1186405A (en) 1985-04-30
FR2505097A1 (fr) 1982-11-05
US4486758A (en) 1984-12-04
AU8320582A (en) 1982-11-11
JPH0259642B2 (de) 1990-12-13
DE3272279D1 (en) 1986-09-04
EP0064313A1 (de) 1982-11-10

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