EP2669024B1 - Machine tool and method for pushing out a workpiece part - Google Patents
Machine tool and method for pushing out a workpiece part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2669024B1 EP2669024B1 EP12169979.7A EP12169979A EP2669024B1 EP 2669024 B1 EP2669024 B1 EP 2669024B1 EP 12169979 A EP12169979 A EP 12169979A EP 2669024 B1 EP2669024 B1 EP 2669024B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- punch
- hold
- punching
- along
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D45/00—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass
- B21D45/003—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass in punching machines or punching tools
- B21D45/006—Stripping-off devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/26—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in sheets or flat parts
- B21D28/265—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in sheets or flat parts with relative movement of sheet and tools enabling the punching of holes in predetermined locations of the sheet, e.g. holes punching with template
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D45/00—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass
- B21D45/06—Stripping-off devices
- B21D45/08—Stripping-off devices interrelated with motion of tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D45/00—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass
- B21D45/10—Combined ejecting and stripping-off devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/04—Processes
- Y10T83/0448—With subsequent handling [i.e., of product]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/202—With product handling means
- Y10T83/2092—Means to move, guide, or permit free fall or flight of product
- Y10T83/2096—Means to move product out of contact with tool
- Y10T83/2135—Moving stripper timed with tool stroke
- Y10T83/2137—And alternatively movable to or from operating position
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a machine tool for punching processing of plate-like workpieces, preferably of sheet metal, comprising: a punching tool with a punch and a punching die, a drive unit for moving the punch and the punching die relative to each other along a stroke axis for punching the plate-like workpiece, as well as a along the lifting axis movable hold-down with a scraper, which abuts the punching punch on a top of the workpiece when punching the workpiece, a detection device for detecting a reference position of the blank holder along the stroke axis, wherein the scraper rests against the top of the workpiece, and a control device for positioning the scraper at a predetermined distance from the reference position along the lifting axis.
- the invention also relates to a method for pushing out a workpiece part on a machine tool for punching processing of plate-like workpieces, in particular sheets.
- a machine tool in which a scraper before the punching machining of the workpiece is arranged at a predetermined distance from the top of the workpiece, is from the EP 0 417 836 A1 known.
- the cut-free workpiece part can be moved along the support plane on a workpiece table, for example so that it tilts over the edge of the workpiece table.
- the workpiece part can be positioned for discharging but also over a part flap provided on the workpiece table, etc.
- a so-called hold-down is often provided in punching the workpiece end facing a so-called - plate-like - scraper mounted during the punching stroke, more precisely during the punch or a punching blade the workpiece punched, rests on the top of the workpiece to hold down this punching.
- the blank holder or the scraper can be used for discharging a workpiece part, as shown in the EP2184118A1 is shown, which describes a punching machine and a method for removing sheet metal parts from punching machines.
- a punching tool is used, which has a so-called remote hold-down with a bottom with a first and second surface, which are not in a common plane. Through the first surface of a separated from a residual sheet section is clamped while the remaining sheet is not clamped by the second surface. To remove the separated sheet metal section from the punching machine, the unclamped residual sheet can be moved while the separated, clamped sheet metal section is securely held or moved independently of the residual sheet.
- a workpiece part can also be discharged by the (residual) workpiece is moved along the support plane, wherein the cut workpiece part is taken from the rest of the workpiece and ejected.
- the hold-down device or more precisely for the wiper, to no longer rest on the upper side of the workpiece during the sliding movement.
- the distance of the blank holder when pushing out the workpiece part be so small that the researcherschiebende workpiece part can not slide over the remainder of the workpiece orologyschiebende workpiece part does not jam between the scraper and the rest of the workpiece.
- a positioning of the scraper at a predetermined distance from the top of the workpiece is required.
- the position of the scraper or hold-down can only be determined indirectly (eg by a displacement measurement of the punch).
- the component tolerances of hold-down and wiper are, however, typically so great that positioning of the wiper at a defined distance from the top of the workpiece in this way can not be guaranteed.
- a punch head assembly for a punch press to which a hydraulically operated scraper device is mounted with a scraper plate to hold down the workpiece during retraction of the punch.
- the placement of the stripper plate at the top of a punching die can be detected by an abrupt increase in pressure in an impression cylinder associated with the stripper device which is hydraulically coupled to a plunger of the stamping head assembly.
- the position of the plunger when placing the stripper plate can be determined by means of a path measuring device. This position can be compared with the position of the plunger, which this occupies when placing the Abstreiferplatte on an inserted between plunger and punching workpiece to determine the thickness of the workpiece.
- JP10-286636A a punch press is described in which a contact time of a scraper with the workpiece is detected and a position signal supplied by a device for determining the position of the stripper is used to determine the wall thickness of the workpiece.
- the ejection device can be a coordinate guide with a linear drive with which the tool clamped by means of collets can be moved or displaced over the support plane of a workpiece table.
- the scraper For positioning the scraper at a desired distance above the workpiece, it is proposed to determine the position of the scraper or the blank holder, in which the scraper rests against the top of the workpiece and to set the desired distance, typically not larger, starting from this position is than the thickness of the plate-like workpiece, so that the scraper can serve as a guide while preventing the cut workpiece part from sliding over the remainder workpiece and between the scraper and the remainder workpiece jammed.
- the machine tool has a carrier device for the movement coupling of the movement of the blank holder with the movement of the punch during the lifting of the scraper from the top of the workpiece.
- the control means for positioning the scraper in the predetermined distance from the workpiece, the drive unit of the punch for the positioning of the scraper at the desired distance to the top of the workpiece use. It is understood that in the event that the hold-down device has its own e.g. hydraulic drive unit, the control device for positioning the scraper can drive the drive unit of the blank holder.
- control device is designed to detect the onset of the movement coupling by comparing the positions of the blank holder and the punch along the stroke axis.
- the position of the blank or the scraper during punching of the workpiece does not change, while the position of the punch varies along the stroke axis to punch through the workpiece can. Only when the upward movement after retraction of the punch or the punching blade from the workpiece, the movement of punch and hold down runs synchronously. After the start of the simultaneous upward movement, the punch and thus also the hold-down can be stopped after a predetermined path length at which the scraper reaches the desired distance from the top of the workpiece (i.e., its push-out position).
- the detection device has a measuring device for determining the position of the hold-down device along the lifting axis.
- the measuring device can be designed as a path measuring device and has, for example, an optical sensor in order to detect the position of the blank holder along the lifting axis.
- a scale with equidistant position marks can be attached to the hold-down device, which can be detected with the aid of the optical sensor.
- (distance) measuring devices based on other measuring principles can be used, for example Measuring devices based on the principle of magnetostriction.
- a waveguide made of a ferromagnetic material is typically used as a measuring element as a measuring element and a movable permanent magnet is used as a position sensor, as described in detail in a retrievable under "www.mtssensors.de” article entitled “magnetostriction” ,
- the hold-down device is connected to the punch by a biasing device which aligns a lower edge of the punch and a lower edge of the scraper flush with each other in a rest position.
- the hold-down on the punch is typically spring-mounted, wherein the hold-down and the punch are moved synchronously and motion coupled along the lifting axis, provided that the biasing means, typically a spring, is not deflected from the rest position.
- the movement of the biasing means from its rest position typically occurs when the underside of the wiper abuts the punching stroke at the top of the workpiece as it forms an abutment so that the force applied to the punch or biasing means increases and compresses the biasing means becomes.
- the detection device is designed to detect the reference position of the blank holder by a force exerted by the punch on a drive unit force effect when placing the punch on the top of the workpiece.
- the punching force increases as the punch reaches the top of the workpiece.
- the case on the drive unit, such as a plunger, exerted increased Force can be detected, for example, as in the above-cited EP1281455B1 is described with respect to this aspect by reference to the content of this application. Since the lower edge of the scraper and the lower edge of the punch terminate flush, the position at which the lower edge of the punch rests against the upper side of the workpiece corresponds to the reference position of the scraper.
- control device is designed to specify the distance of the scraper from the upper side of the workpiece as a function of a thickness of the workpiece to be machined.
- the distance of the scraper from the top side of the workpiece should not be too large for reliable ejection, in order to avoid that the workpiece part to be ejected is jammed between the residual workpiece and the scraper.
- the control device can remove the thickness of the machined workpiece from a storage device. But it is also possible to measure the thickness of the workpiece during the execution of a punching stroke, for example, those in the above-cited EP1281455B1 described way.
- a positioning of the scraper at a distance of half the thickness of the workpiece has been found to be particularly favorable for the ejection of workpiece parts.
- the scraper can also be positioned in a different (usually thickness-dependent) distance, wherein a positioning at a distance that is greater than the thickness of the workpiece should be avoided as a rule (it should apply: 0 xd ⁇ distance ⁇ 1.0 xd).
- the distance can also be specified independently of the thickness of the workpiece. This is especially the case when a distance is given that is so small (eg, about 0.2 mm or less) that it is smaller than the workpiece thickness regardless of the type of workpiece to be machined.
- the detection device for detecting the reference position has a sensor attached to the wiper.
- the sensor can be an optical sensor which is covered by the workpiece when the stripper abuts against the workpiece and therefore does not detect any radiation. If the stripper abuts against the workpiece or if it is lifted off the workpiece, the area detected by the optical sensor changes Radiation performance clearly, so that the reference position of the scraper can be detected.
- the wiper is an electrically conductive (metallic) component, and also the workpiece (typically a metal sheet) is electrically conductive. The reference position can therefore also be determined by a resistance measurement or a voltage measurement, since the lifting of the scraper from the workpiece interrupts the electrical contact between the two components.
- the invention also relates to a method for pushing out a workpiece part on a machine tool for punching plate-like workpieces, which may be formed as described above, the method comprising: moving a punch and a punching die relative to each other along a stroke axis for cutting free the workpiece part from a punching machined workpiece, wherein during the punching of the workpiece by means of the punch a scraper attached to a hold on a top of the workpiece, detecting a reference position of the blank along the stroke axis, wherein the scraper rests against the surface of the workpiece, positioning the scraper in a predetermined distance from the reference position, and pushing out of the cut workpiece part by moving the workpiece part together with the workpiece along a support plane.
- the cut workpiece part is pushed out by a movement of the (residual) workpiece along a support plane, wherein the workpiece part is taken from the (residual) workpiece.
- the workpiece part can In this case, a removal position of the machine tool can be spent, which can be provided, for example, on a part flap, an edge of the workpiece support or possibly on a parts slide. From the discharge position, the workpiece part can be removed from the machine tool manually or by means of suitable transport devices.
- the distance between the scraper and the upper side of the workpiece is predetermined as a function of a thickness of the workpiece. As has been shown above, it is typically favorable if the distance between the lower edge of the scraper and the upper side of the workpiece is not greater than the thickness of the workpiece, so that the distance should be adjusted as a function of the thickness of the workpiece the distance should typically be smaller than the workpiece thickness.
- the distance corresponds to at least half the thickness of the workpiece, in order to ensure, in particular for thin workpieces with a thickness of less than 1 mm, that the workpiece part is not clamped between the scraper and the die when pushed out becomes.
- the distance may possibly only amount to at least a quarter or at least one third of the thickness of the workpiece; in any case, the distance should be greater than zero to prevent jamming.
- the hold-down device and the punch are motion-coupled during the lifting of the scraper from the top of the workpiece.
- the punch is moved along the stroke axis relative to the scraper, which bears against the workpiece and is therefore stationary.
- the hold-down and the punch are motion-coupled by means of a (mechanical) driving device.
- the insertion of the movement coupling by comparing the positions of the blank holder and the punch detected along the stroke axis. As soon as the coupled movement starts, the two positions change synchronously, ie the distance between the two positions remains constant, which can be detected by means of suitable position or displacement measuring devices for the blank holder and the punch.
- the hold-down device is connected to the punch by a biasing device, which aligns a lower edge of the punch and a lower edge of the scraper flush with each other in a rest position.
- the reference position of the blank holder is detected by a force exerted on a drive unit of the punching force on placement of the punch on the top of the workpiece.
- the biasing means is deflected, whereby the force exerted on the drive unit or the ram force increases, so that the position at which the scraper and the lower edge of the punch rests against the top of the workpiece , can be detected.
- the desired distance can be adjusted after the punching of the workpiece by moving the punch from this reference position by an appropriate value, e.g. is moved by half the sheet thickness, upwards in order to push out the workpiece part process reliable.
- Fig. 1 shows a machine tool 1 for cutting and / or forming plate-like workpieces in the form of a stamping / forming machine for processing sheets.
- the punching / forming machine 1 has a C-shaped machine frame 2, in the throat area of which a workpiece support 3 designed as a workpiece support is arranged, which serves for supporting a workpiece to be machined in the form of a sheet 4.
- the workpiece table 3 forms a horizontal support plane 5 for the sheet 4 to be processed, which is parallel to the x / y plane of the in Fig. 1 shown coordinate system runs.
- the clamping device 7 clamped sheet 4 in the support plane 5 of the workpiece table 3 is displaced.
- a punch-receiving 8 is arranged, in which a punch 9 is mounted. Furthermore, at the front end of the lower leg of the C-shaped machine frame 2, a die holder 10 is provided, in which a punching die 11 is mounted. The punch 9 and the punching die 11 form a tool 12 for cutting the sheet 4.
- a drive unit of the punching / forming machine 1 is formed by a punch drive 13 and a die drive 14 in the form of linear drives.
- the punch drive 13 By means of the punch drive 13, the punch receptacle 8 together with the stamped or fixed punch 9 mounted along a lifting axis 15 relative to the workpiece table 3 can be raised and lowered.
- the die holder 10 together with the stamped die 11 mounted or fixed therein can be raised and lowered by means of the die drive 14 along the lifting axis 15 relative to the workpiece table 3.
- the punch-holder 8 and the die holder 10 by means of a rotary drive, not shown in detail independently of one another about a tool axis of rotation 16 identical to the lifting axis 15 rotationally adjustable.
- a linear magazine 17 is provided with further tools 12.
- the tools 12 located in the linear magazine 17 are each held by a tool cassette 18 and can be fixed to the stamp holder 8 or the female holder 10 as required for machining the sheet 4, with tools 12 in particular also being used for forming the workpiece 4 can be kept in the linear magazine 17.
- the numerical control unit 19 comprises, in particular, memory means 20 for storing tool data and control means 21 for detecting both the raising, lowering and rotating movements of the punch holder 8 and the raising, lowering and rotating movements of the die holder 10 based on the stored data on the workpiece 4 and the tool 12 to measure and control.
- Fig. 2a -d describes several steps of a punching stroke carried out with the aid of the punch 12, wherein Fig. 2a-d only the punch 9 of the punching tool 12 is shown, since the punching die 11, on which the workpiece 4 rests, remains stationary in the punching operation described here.
- the in Fig. 2a-d shown punch 9 extends at its end facing the workpiece 4 in a cylindrical opening of a blank holder 24.
- the punch 9 is moved by means of the punch drive 13 along the lifting axis 15.
- media pressure eg pneumatic, hydraulic
- the hold-down 24 is seated on a driving surface (not shown) of the punch 9, so that the movement of the punch 9 the Speed and the position of the blank holder 24 during the downward movement along the Hubachse 15 pretends.
- a plate-shaped scraper 25 is mounted in which a passage opening for the passage of a punching blade 9a of the punch 9 is provided for the punching machining of the workpiece 4.
- Fig. 2a is the punch 9, more precisely, the punching blade 9a, in a retracted position within extending along the lifting axis 15 opening of the blank holder 24.
- position S of the punch 9 along the lifting axis 15 the lower end or defines the end face of the punching blade 9a.
- a position P of the blank holder 24 is defined along the lifting axis 15 by the lower end (front side), to which the plate-shaped scraper 25 is attached.
- Fig. 2b As in Fig. 2b is shown when punching the workpiece 4 of the attached to the hold-down 24 scraper 25 (with its underside) on the upper side 4a of the workpiece 4.
- the position of the blank holder 24 shown below will be referred to as the reference position PR of the blank holder 24.
- the punch 9 is moved further down than the scraper 25 so that the punch 9a passes through the opening in the scraper 25 to machine the workpiece 4.
- the stamped slug formed in this process is replaced by the (in Fig. 2b not shown) die 11 discharged down.
- the hold-down 24 thus remains stationary while the punch 9 changes its position S along the lifting axis 15.
- Fig. 2c the punch 9 in the opening of the blank holder 24 is pulled back so far that the two paragraphs (see. Fig. 2b ) abut each other, wherein the hold-down 24 is still in its reference position PR.
- the position P of the scraper 25 along the lifting axis 15 is determined by a Weg messengercardi 27, 28, which is part of an in Fig. 1 indicated detection device 26 is.
- the displacement measuring device 27, 28 comprises a (linear) scale 28 attached to the hold-down 24 and an optical sensor 27 fixedly attached to the housing 2. It is understood that the displacement measuring device 27, 28 may also be used in other ways than in FIG Fig. 2a-d can be shown, for example, the sensor 27 can be attached to the hold-down 24 and the scale 28 on the housing 2. Possibly.
- a mechanical detection of the position P of the hold-down 24 along the lifting axis 15 can also take place, or a displacement measuring device based on the principle of magnetostriction can be used.
- the detection device 26 is connected to the path measuring device 27, 28 of the blank holder 24 and with another (not shown) path measuring device for detecting the position P of the punch 9 along the lifting axis 15 in signal-technical connection.
- the detection device 26 itself is in signal communication with the control device 19.
- the control device 19 compares the position P of the blank holder 24 detected with the aid of the detection device 26 with the position S of the punch 9. The comparison makes it possible to determine whether the stripper 25 still rests on the upper side 4 a of the workpiece 4 (position S of the punch 9) changes, position P of the blank holder 24 remains the same).
- the control device 19 stops the punch 9 as soon as it has covered a path along the stroke axis (z-direction), which corresponds to half the thickness d / 2 of the workpiece 4 (with thickness d). Since during the upward movement of the hold-down 24 (and thus the scraper 25) is taken along with the punch 9, and the scraper 25 is in one position stopped or delivered, which corresponds to half the thickness d / 2 of the workpiece 4, ie between the workpiece 4 and the scraper 25 forms a gap with a gap width corresponding to half the workpiece thickness d.
- the scraper 25 has reached its Ausschiebeposition in which a separated from the workpiece 4 during punching machining workpiece part 4b (in Fig. 2d right of the lifting axis 15) can be spent in a Ausschleusposition eg at the edge of the workpiece table 3.
- the (rest) workpiece 4 clamped by the collets 7 is displaced by means of the coordinate guide 6 along the support plane 5 of the workpiece table 3, specifically along the in Fig. 2d shown arrow direction.
- the cut-free workpiece part 4b is thereby pushed out with the aid of the (residual) workpiece 4.
- the scraper 25 is in this case lifted from the top 4a of the workpiece 4, so that this or the workpiece part 4b can not jam between the scraper 25 and the workpiece table 3. Since the gap formed between the scraper 25 and the workpiece 4 is smaller than the thickness d of the workpiece 4, the workpiece part 4b can not slide over the workpiece 4 during insertion and thus possibly jam or prevent the ejection.
- the knowledge of the thickness d of the punched machined workpiece 4 is required because the distance is usually dependent on the workpiece thickness d and not larger than the thickness d of the workpiece 4 should be selected.
- the thickness d of the workpiece 4 is stored in the control device 19 or in the storage means 20.
- a measurement of the thickness d of the workpiece 4 can also be made during processing.
- the distance d can basically vary in a value range between 0 xd and 1.0 xd, the distance being more typical Way between about 0.01 xd and 1.0 xd, preferably between about 0.1 xd and 1.0 xd.
- the punch 9 and the hold-down 24 form a common unit, more precisely, the punch 9 is connected to the hold-down 24 via a coil spring 32.
- the lower end of the punch 9 is guided in a passage opening of the substantially cylindrical hold-down 24.
- the helical spring 32 is mounted between a the workpiece 4 remote from the end of the punch 9 forming head plate and a workpiece 4 facing away from the front end of the blank holder 24.
- the spring action of the helical spring 32 is in this case set such that in a rest position, ie without an external force acting on the punch 9 or the hold-down 24 a lower edge 9b of the punch 9 and a lower edge 25a of the lower end of the blank holder 24 formed plate-shaped scraper 25th finish flush.
- the in Fig. 3a Although shown wiper 25 is integrally formed with the hold-down 24, but this is not the case in general, since the wiper 25 is a plate-shaped element which is attached by means of suitable fastening means to the hold-24.
- a part of the drive unit 13 forming plunger 13a is used to perform a punching stroke, which is placed on the top 9c of the punch 9 and presses the punch 9 together with the hold-down 24 down.
- the punch will be in this case moves down until the bottom of the scraper 25a and the bottom 9b of the punch 9 abut together on the top 4a of the workpiece 4, ie the coil spring 32 remains in this movement in its rest position.
- a further coil spring 33 which is formed on the housing 2, compressed by a radially outer shoulder 31 a of the blank holder 24.
- the paragraph 31 a of the blank holder 24 engages a driver plate 31 b of the other coil spring 33.
- a workpiece part can be delivered in a position in which the scraper 25 occupies a distance d / 2 to the top of the workpiece 4, which corresponds to half the thickness d of the workpiece 4 in the upward movement of the punch 9 and the plunger 13a.
- the control device 19 which is aware of the position of the plunger 13a along the lifting axis 15 on the basis of a (not shown) Wegmess worn, based on the force measurement in Fig. 3b certain reference position PR of the blank holder 24 and thus of the punch 9 back and positioned the plunger 13a at the corresponding distance (d / 2) from the reference position PR.
- the (not shown) pushing out the cut workpiece part can in the in Fig. 3d shown position of the scraper 25 on in connection with Fig. 2a-d manner described done.
- the process reliability when pushing out workpiece parts can be significantly increased because the setting of the predetermined distance relative to the position of the top 4a of the workpiece 4 in the direction the lifting axle 15 takes place.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Werkzeugmaschine zum stanzenden Bearbeiten von plattenartigen Werkstücken, vorzugsweise von Blechen, umfassend: ein Stanzwerkzeug mit einem Stanzstempel und einer Stanzmatrize, eine Antriebseinheit zur Bewegung des Stanzstempels und der Stanzmatrize relativ zueinander entlang einer Hubachse zum Durchstanzen des plattenartigen Werkstücks, sowie einen entlang der Hubachse bewegbaren Niederhalter mit einem Abstreifer, der beim Durchstanzen des Werkstücks mittels des Stanzstempels an einer Oberseite des Werkstücks anliegt, eine Detektionseinrichtung zur Detektion einer Referenzposition des Niederhalters entlang der Hubachse, bei welcher der Abstreifer an der Oberseite des Werkstücks anliegt, sowie eine Steuerungseinrichtung zum Positionieren des Abstreifers in einem vorgegebenen Abstand von der Referenzposition entlang der Hubachse. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Ausschieben eines Werkstückteils an einer Werkzeugmaschine zum stanzenden Bearbeiten von plattenartigen Werkstücken, insbesondere von Blechen.The present invention relates to a machine tool for punching processing of plate-like workpieces, preferably of sheet metal, comprising: a punching tool with a punch and a punching die, a drive unit for moving the punch and the punching die relative to each other along a stroke axis for punching the plate-like workpiece, as well as a along the lifting axis movable hold-down with a scraper, which abuts the punching punch on a top of the workpiece when punching the workpiece, a detection device for detecting a reference position of the blank holder along the stroke axis, wherein the scraper rests against the top of the workpiece, and a control device for positioning the scraper at a predetermined distance from the reference position along the lifting axis. The invention also relates to a method for pushing out a workpiece part on a machine tool for punching processing of plate-like workpieces, in particular sheets.
Eine Werkzeugmaschine, bei welcher ein Abstreifer vor dem stanzenden Bearbeiten des Werkstücks in einem vorgegebenen Abstand von der Oberseite des Werkstücks angeordnet wird, ist aus der
Nach dem stanzenden Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks, bei dem ein Werkstückteil von einem Restwerkstück bzw. Restgitter freigeschnitten wird, ist es erforderlich, das freigeschnittene Werkzeugteil aus dem Bearbeitungsbereich der Werkzeugmaschine bzw. der Auflageebene für das Werkstück zu entfernen. Hierzu kann das freigeschnittene Werkstückteil entlang der Auflageebene auf einem Werkstücktisch bewegt werden, beispielsweise damit dieses über den Rand des Werkstücktischs abkippt. Das Werkstückteil kann zum Ausschleusen aber auch über einer an dem Werkstücktisch vorgesehenen Teileklappe positioniert werden, etc.After punching a workpiece, in which a workpiece part is cut free from a residual workpiece or skeleton, it is necessary to remove the cut tool part from the processing area of the machine tool or the support plane for the workpiece. For this purpose, the cut-free workpiece part can be moved along the support plane on a workpiece table, for example so that it tilts over the edge of the workpiece table. The workpiece part can be positioned for discharging but also over a part flap provided on the workpiece table, etc.
Zum Niederhalten des Werkstücks beim Durchstanzen ist bei Stanzmaschinen häufig ein so genannter Niederhalter vorgesehen, an dessen dem Werkstück zugewandten Ende ein so genannter - typischer Weise plattenförmiger - Abstreifer angebracht ist, der während des Stanzhubs, genauer gesagt während der Stanzstempel bzw. eine Stanzklinge das Werkstück durchstanzt, an der Oberseite des Werkstücks aufliegt, um dieses beim Stanzen niederzuhalten.For holding down the workpiece during punching a so-called hold-down is often provided in punching the workpiece end facing a so-called - plate-like - scraper mounted during the punching stroke, more precisely during the punch or a punching blade the workpiece punched, rests on the top of the workpiece to hold down this punching.
Der Niederhalter bzw. der Abstreifer kann zum Ausschleusen eines Werkstückteils verwendet werden, wie dies in der
Alternativ kann ein Werkstückteil auch ausgeschleust werden, indem das (Rest-) Werkstück entlang der Auflageebene bewegt wird, wobei das freigeschnittene Werkstückteil vom Rest-Werkstück mitgenommen und ausgeschoben wird. Für das prozesssichere Ausschieben ist es erforderlich, dass der Niederhalter, genauer gesagt der Abstreifer, bei der Schiebe-Bewegung nicht mehr an der Oberseite des Werkstücks anliegt. Zudem sollte der Abstand des Niederhalters beim Ausschieben des Werkstückteils so gering sein, dass sich das auszuschiebende Werkstückteil nicht über das Rest-Werkstück schieben kann bzw. das auszuschiebende Werkstückteil sich nicht zwischen dem Abstreifer und dem Rest-Werkstück verklemmt. Um einen geeigneten Abstand des Abstreifers vom Werkstück einzustellen, ist eine Positionierung des Abstreifers in einem vorgegebenen Abstand zur Oberseite des Werkstücks erforderlich. Die Position des Abstreifers bzw. Niederhalters kann aber nur indirekt (z.B. durch eine Wegmessung des Stanzstempels) ermittelt werden. Die Bauteiletoleranzen von Niederhalter und Abstreifer sind aber typischer Weise so groß, dass eine Positionierung des Abstreifers in einem definierten Abstand von der Oberseite des Werkstücks auf diese Weise nicht gewährleistet werden kann.Alternatively, a workpiece part can also be discharged by the (residual) workpiece is moved along the support plane, wherein the cut workpiece part is taken from the rest of the workpiece and ejected. For reliable ejection, it is necessary for the hold-down device, or more precisely for the wiper, to no longer rest on the upper side of the workpiece during the sliding movement. In addition, the distance of the blank holder when pushing out the workpiece part be so small that the auszuschiebende workpiece part can not slide over the remainder of the workpiece or auszuschiebende workpiece part does not jam between the scraper and the rest of the workpiece. In order to set a suitable distance of the scraper from the workpiece, a positioning of the scraper at a predetermined distance from the top of the workpiece is required. However, the position of the scraper or hold-down can only be determined indirectly (eg by a displacement measurement of the punch). The component tolerances of hold-down and wiper are, however, typically so great that positioning of the wiper at a defined distance from the top of the workpiece in this way can not be guaranteed.
In der
Aus der
In der
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Werkzeugmaschine und ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend weiterzubilden, dass die Prozesssicherheit beim Ausschieben von Werkstückteilen erhöht wird.It is the object of the present invention to further develop a machine tool and a method of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that the process reliability during the ejection of workpiece parts is increased.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Werkzeugmaschine der eingangs genannten Art, welche zusätzlich eine Ausschiebeeinrichtung zum Ausschieben eines beim Durchstanzen des Werkstücks freigeschnittenen Werkstückteils durch Bewegen des Werkstückteils gemeinsam mit dem Werkstück entlang einer Auflageebene aufweist.This object is achieved by a machine tool of the type mentioned, which additionally has a Ausschiebeeinrichtung for ejecting a cut-free when punching the workpiece workpiece part by moving the workpiece part together with the workpiece along a support plane.
Als Ausschiebeeinrichtung ist eine Einrichtung verwendet, die der Bewegung des Werkstücks entlang der Auflageebene dient und die ohnehin in der Werkzeugmaschine vorgesehen ist. Beispielsweise kann es sich bei der Ausschiebeeinrichtung um eine Koordinatenführung mit einem Linear-Antrieb handeln, mit der das über Spannzangen eingespannte Werkzeug über die Auflageebene eines Werkstücktisches bewegt bzw. verschoben werden kann.
Zum Positionieren des Abstreifers in einem gewünschten Abstand oberhalb des Werkstücks wird vorgeschlagen, diejenige Position des Abstreifers bzw. des Niederhalters zu bestimmen, bei welcher der Abstreifer an der Oberseite des Werkstücks anliegt und ausgehend von dieser Position den gewünschten Abstand einzustellen, der typischer Weise nicht größer ist als die Dicke des plattenartigen Werkstücks, so dass der Abstreifer als Führung dienen kann und gleichzeitig verhindert wird, dass das freigeschnittene Werkstückteil sich über das Rest-Werkstück schiebt und zwischen dem Abstreifer und dem Rest-Werkstück verklemmt.As Ausschiebeeinrichtung a device is used which serves the movement of the workpiece along the support plane and which is provided anyway in the machine tool. For example, the ejection device can be a coordinate guide with a linear drive with which the tool clamped by means of collets can be moved or displaced over the support plane of a workpiece table.
For positioning the scraper at a desired distance above the workpiece, it is proposed to determine the position of the scraper or the blank holder, in which the scraper rests against the top of the workpiece and to set the desired distance, typically not larger, starting from this position is than the thickness of the plate-like workpiece, so that the scraper can serve as a guide while preventing the cut workpiece part from sliding over the remainder workpiece and between the scraper and the remainder workpiece jammed.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die Werkzeugmaschine eine Mitnehmereinrichtung zur Bewegungskopplung der Bewegung des Niederhalters mit der Bewegung des Stanzstempels beim Anheben des Abstreifers von der Oberseite des Werkstücks auf.In one embodiment, the machine tool has a carrier device for the movement coupling of the movement of the blank holder with the movement of the punch during the lifting of the scraper from the top of the workpiece.
Durch die Bewegungskopplung ist die relative Position des Niederhalters zum Stanzstempel beim Anheben des Abstreifers und dem sich anschließenden Teil des Stanzhubs konstant. Daher kann in diesem Fall die Steuerungseinrichtung zum Positionieren des Abstreifers in dem vorgegebenen Abstand vom Werkstück die Antriebseinheit des Stanzstempels für die Positionierung des Abstreifers in dem gewünschten Abstand zur Oberseite des Werkstücks verwenden. Es versteht sich, dass für den Fall, dass der Niederhalter eine eigene z.B. hydraulische Antriebseinheit aufweist, die Steuerungseinrichtung zur Positionierung des Abstreifers die Antriebseinheit des Niederhalters ansteuern kann.Due to the movement coupling, the relative position of the blank holder to the punch during the lifting of the scraper and the subsequent part of the punching stroke is constant. Therefore, in this case, the control means for positioning the scraper in the predetermined distance from the workpiece, the drive unit of the punch for the positioning of the scraper at the desired distance to the top of the workpiece use. It is understood that in the event that the hold-down device has its own e.g. hydraulic drive unit, the control device for positioning the scraper can drive the drive unit of the blank holder.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Steuerungseinrichtung ausgebildet, das Einsetzen der Bewegungskopplung durch einen Vergleich der Positionen des Niederhalters und des Stanzstempels entlang der Hubachse zu erkennen. Hierbei wird ausgenutzt, dass die Bewegungskopplung bzw. die synchrone Bewegung des Stanzstempels und des Niederhalters typischer Weise erst beim Abheben des Niederhalters von der Oberseite des Werkstücks auftritt. Genauer gesagt verändert sich die Position des Niederhalters bzw. des Abstreifers während des Durchstanzens des Werkstücks nicht, während die Position des Stanzstempels entlang der Hubachse variiert, um das Werkstück durchstanzen zu können. Erst bei der Aufwärtsbewegung nach dem Zurückziehen des Stanzstempels bzw. der Stanzschneide aus dem Werkstück verläuft die Bewegung von Stanzstempel und Niederhalter synchron. Nach dem Start der simultanen Aufwärts-Bewegung kann der Stanzstempel und somit auch der Niederhalter nach einer vorgegebenen Weglänge gestoppt werden, bei welcher der Abstreifer den gewünschten Abstand von der Oberseite des Werkstücks (d.h. seine Ausschiebeposition) erreicht.In a further embodiment, the control device is designed to detect the onset of the movement coupling by comparing the positions of the blank holder and the punch along the stroke axis. In this case, use is made of the fact that the movement coupling or the synchronous movement of the punch and the hold-down typically only occurs when lifting the hold-down from the top of the workpiece. More specifically, the position of the blank or the scraper during punching of the workpiece does not change, while the position of the punch varies along the stroke axis to punch through the workpiece can. Only when the upward movement after retraction of the punch or the punching blade from the workpiece, the movement of punch and hold down runs synchronously. After the start of the simultaneous upward movement, the punch and thus also the hold-down can be stopped after a predetermined path length at which the scraper reaches the desired distance from the top of the workpiece (i.e., its push-out position).
Bei einer Weiterbildung weist die Detektionseinrichtung eine Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Position des Niederhalters entlang der Hubachse auf. Die Messeinrichtung kann als Wegmesseinrichtung ausgebildet sein und weist beispielsweise einen optischen Sensor auf, um die Lage des Niederhalters entlang der Hubachse zu detektieren. Für die Wegmessung kann an dem Niederhalter eine Skala mit äquidistanten Positionsmarken angebracht sein, die mit Hilfe des optischen Sensors erfasst werden können. Auch (Weg-)Messeinrichtungen, die auf anderen Messprinzipien beruhen, können verwendet werden, beispielsweise Messeinrichtungen, die auf dem Prinzip der Magnetostriktion beruhen. In diesem Fall wird als Messelement typischer Weise ein Wellenleiter aus einem ferromagnetischen Material als Messelement verwendet und ein beweglicher Permanentmagnet wird als Positionsgeber eingesetzt, wie beispielsweise in einem unter "www.mtssensors.de" abrufbaren Artikel mit dem Titel "Magnetostriktion" im Detail beschrieben wird.In a development, the detection device has a measuring device for determining the position of the hold-down device along the lifting axis. The measuring device can be designed as a path measuring device and has, for example, an optical sensor in order to detect the position of the blank holder along the lifting axis. For the distance measurement, a scale with equidistant position marks can be attached to the hold-down device, which can be detected with the aid of the optical sensor. Also (distance) measuring devices based on other measuring principles can be used, for example Measuring devices based on the principle of magnetostriction. In this case, a waveguide made of a ferromagnetic material is typically used as a measuring element as a measuring element and a movable permanent magnet is used as a position sensor, as described in detail in a retrievable under "www.mtssensors.de" article entitled "magnetostriction" ,
Für die vorliegende Anwendung ist es nicht zwingend erforderlich, die absolute Position des Niederhalters relativ zum ortsfesten Teil (Gehäuse) der Werkzeugmaschine zu bestimmen. Vielmehr genügt es zu erkennen, ob eine synchrone Bewegung von Niederhalter und Stanzstempel bzw. eines auf diesen einwirkenden Stößels erfolgt, oder ob der Niederhalter und der Stanzstempel unabhängig voneinander bewegt werden. Um dies festzustellen ist typischer Weise dem Stanzstempel eine entsprechende Messeinrichtung zur Bestimmung des Weges bzw. der Position des Stanzstempels entlang der Hubachse zugeordnet.For the present application, it is not absolutely necessary to determine the absolute position of the hold-down relative to the stationary part (housing) of the machine tool. Rather, it is sufficient to detect whether a synchronous movement of hold-down and punch or a force acting on this ram, or whether the hold-down and the punch are moved independently. To determine this is typically associated with the punch a corresponding measuring device for determining the path or the position of the punch along the stroke axis.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der Niederhalter mit dem Stanzstempel über eine Vorspanneinrichtung verbunden, welche in einer Ruhestellung eine Unterkante des Stanzstempels und eine Unterkante des Abstreifers bündig zueinander ausrichtet. In diesem Fall ist der Niederhalter an dem Stanzstempel typischer Weise gefedert gelagert, wobei der Niederhalter und der Stanzstempel synchron und bewegungsgekoppelt entlang der Hubachse bewegt werden, sofern die Vorspanneinrichtung, typischer Weise eine Feder, nicht aus der Ruhestellung ausgelenkt wird. Die Bewegung der Vorspanneinrichtung aus ihrer Ruhestellung erfolgt typischer Weise, wenn die Unterseite des Abstreifers bei dem Stanzhub an der Oberseite des Werkstücks anliegt, da dieses ein Widerlager bildet, so dass die auf den Stanzstempel bzw. auf die Vorspanneinrichtung ausgeübte Krafteinwirkung zunimmt und die Vorspanneinrichtung komprimiert wird.In a further embodiment, the hold-down device is connected to the punch by a biasing device which aligns a lower edge of the punch and a lower edge of the scraper flush with each other in a rest position. In this case, the hold-down on the punch is typically spring-mounted, wherein the hold-down and the punch are moved synchronously and motion coupled along the lifting axis, provided that the biasing means, typically a spring, is not deflected from the rest position. The movement of the biasing means from its rest position typically occurs when the underside of the wiper abuts the punching stroke at the top of the workpiece as it forms an abutment so that the force applied to the punch or biasing means increases and compresses the biasing means becomes.
Bei einer Weiterbildung ist die Detektionseinrichtung ausgebildet, die Referenzposition des Niederhalters durch einen von dem Stanzstempel auf eine Antriebseinheit ausgeübte Kraftwirkung beim Aufsetzen des Stanzstempels auf die Oberseite des Werkstücks zu detektieren. Wie oben dargestellt wurde, nimmt die Stanzkraft zu, sobald der Stanzstempel die Oberseite des Werkstücks erreicht. Die hierbei auf die Antriebseinheit, z.B. auf einen Stößel, ausgeübte erhöhte Krafteinwirkung kann detektiert werden, beispielsweise wie dies in der eingangs zitierten
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Steuerungseinrichtung ausgebildet, den Abstand des Abstreifers von der Oberseite des Werkstücks in Abhängigkeit von einer Dicke des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks vorzugeben. Wie weiter oben dargestellt wurde, sollte für das prozesssichere Ausschieben der Abstand des Abstreifers von der Oberseite des Werkstücks nicht zu groß gewählt werden, um zu vermeiden, dass sich das auszuschiebende Werkstückteil zwischen Restwerkstück und Abstreifer verklemmt. Die Steuerungseinrichtung kann die Dicke des bearbeiteten Werkstücks aus einer Speichereinrichtung entnehmen. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Dicke des Werkstücks während der Durchführung eines Stanzhubs zu messen, beispielsweise auf die in der eingangs zitierten
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Detektionseinrichtung zur Detektion der Referenzposition einen an dem Abstreifer angebrachten Sensor auf. Bei dem Sensor kann es sich ggf. um einen optischen Sensor handeln, der bei der Anlage des Abstreifers an dem Werkstück vom Werkstück abgedeckt wird und daher keine Strahlung detektiert. Liegt der Abstreifer an dem Werkstück an bzw. wird dieser vom Werkstück abgehoben, verändert sich die von dem optischen Sensor detektierte Strahlungsleistung deutlich, so dass die Referenzposition des Abstreifers detektiert werden kann. Typischer Weise handelt es sich bei dem Abstreifer um ein elektrisch leitendes (metallisches) Bauteil und auch das Werkstück (typischer Weise ein Blech) ist elektrisch leitend ausgebildet. Die Referenzposition kann daher auch durch eine Widerstandsmessung bzw. eine Spannungsmessung ermittelt werden, da das Abheben des Abstreifers vom Werkstück den elektrischen Kontakt zwischen den beiden Bauteilen unterbricht.In a further embodiment, the detection device for detecting the reference position has a sensor attached to the wiper. If necessary, the sensor can be an optical sensor which is covered by the workpiece when the stripper abuts against the workpiece and therefore does not detect any radiation. If the stripper abuts against the workpiece or if it is lifted off the workpiece, the area detected by the optical sensor changes Radiation performance clearly, so that the reference position of the scraper can be detected. Typically, the wiper is an electrically conductive (metallic) component, and also the workpiece (typically a metal sheet) is electrically conductive. The reference position can therefore also be determined by a resistance measurement or a voltage measurement, since the lifting of the scraper from the workpiece interrupts the electrical contact between the two components.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Ausschieben eines Werkstückteils an einer Werkzeugmaschine zum stanzenden Bearbeiten von plattenartigen Werkstücken, die wie oben beschrieben ausgebildet sein kann, das Verfahren umfassend: Bewegen eines Stanzstempels und einer Stanzmatrize relativ zueinander entlang einer Hubachse zum Freischneiden des Werkstückteils von einem stanzend bearbeiteten Werkstück, wobei während des Durchstanzens des Werkstücks mit Hilfe des Stanzstempels ein an einem Niederhalter angebrachter Abstreifer an einer Oberseite des Werkstücks anliegt, Detektieren einer Referenzposition des Niederhalters entlang der Hubachse, bei welcher der Abstreifer an der Oberfläche des Werkstücks anliegt, Positionieren des Abstreifers in einem vorgegebenen Abstand von der Referenzposition, sowie Ausschieben des freigeschnittenen Werkstückteils durch Bewegen des Werkstückteils gemeinsam mit dem Werkstück entlang einer Auflageebene.The invention also relates to a method for pushing out a workpiece part on a machine tool for punching plate-like workpieces, which may be formed as described above, the method comprising: moving a punch and a punching die relative to each other along a stroke axis for cutting free the workpiece part from a punching machined workpiece, wherein during the punching of the workpiece by means of the punch a scraper attached to a hold on a top of the workpiece, detecting a reference position of the blank along the stroke axis, wherein the scraper rests against the surface of the workpiece, positioning the scraper in a predetermined distance from the reference position, and pushing out of the cut workpiece part by moving the workpiece part together with the workpiece along a support plane.
Das freigeschnittene Werkstückteil wird durch eine Bewegung des (Rest-)Werkstücks entlang einer Auflageebene ausgeschoben, wobei das Werkstückteil von dem (Rest-)Werkstück mitgenommen wird. Das Werkstückteil kann hierbei an eine Ausschleusposition der Werkzeugmaschine verbracht werden, die beispielsweise an einer Teileklappe, einem Rand der Werkstückauflage oder ggf. an einer Teilerutsche vorgesehen werden kann. Von der Ausschleusposition kann das Werkstückteil aus der Werkzeugmaschine manuell oder mittels geeigneter Transporteinrichtungen abtransportiert werden.The cut workpiece part is pushed out by a movement of the (residual) workpiece along a support plane, wherein the workpiece part is taken from the (residual) workpiece. The workpiece part can In this case, a removal position of the machine tool can be spent, which can be provided, for example, on a part flap, an edge of the workpiece support or possibly on a parts slide. From the discharge position, the workpiece part can be removed from the machine tool manually or by means of suitable transport devices.
In einer Variante des Verfahrens wird der Abstand zwischen dem Abstreifer und der Oberseite des Werkstücks in Abhängigkeit von einer Dicke des Werkstücks vorgegeben. Wie weiter oben dargestellt wurde, ist es typischer Weise günstig, wenn der Abstand zwischen der Unterkante des Abstreifers und der Oberseite des Werkstücks nicht größer ist als die Dicke des Werkstücks, so dass der Abstand in Abhängigkeit von der Dicke des Werkstücks eingestellt werden sollte, wobei der Abstand typischer Weise kleiner sein sollte als die Werkstückdicke.In a variant of the method, the distance between the scraper and the upper side of the workpiece is predetermined as a function of a thickness of the workpiece. As has been shown above, it is typically favorable if the distance between the lower edge of the scraper and the upper side of the workpiece is not greater than the thickness of the workpiece, so that the distance should be adjusted as a function of the thickness of the workpiece the distance should typically be smaller than the workpiece thickness.
Es hat sich in der Praxis als günstig erwiesen, wenn der Abstand mindestens der Hälfte der Dicke des Werkstücks entspricht, um insbesondere bei dünnen Werkstücken mit einer Dicke von weniger als 1 mm sicherzustellen, dass das Werkstückteil beim Ausschieben nicht zwischen den Abstreifer und der Matrize geklemmt wird. Es versteht sich aber, dass der Abstand ggf. auch nur mindestens ein Viertel oder mindestens ein Drittel der Dicke des Werkstücks betragen kann; in jedem Fall sollte der Abstand größer als Null sein, um ein Verklemmen zu verhindern.It has proved to be advantageous in practice, if the distance corresponds to at least half the thickness of the workpiece, in order to ensure, in particular for thin workpieces with a thickness of less than 1 mm, that the workpiece part is not clamped between the scraper and the die when pushed out becomes. However, it is understood that the distance may possibly only amount to at least a quarter or at least one third of the thickness of the workpiece; in any case, the distance should be greater than zero to prevent jamming.
Bei einer Variante des Verfahrens werden der Niederhalter und der Stanzstempel beim Anheben des Abstreifers von der Oberseite des Werkstücks bewegungsgekoppelt. Wie oben beschrieben wird beim Durchstanzen des Werkstücks der Stanzstempel entlang der Hubachse relativ zum Abstreifer bewegt, der am Werkstück anliegt und somit ortsfest ist. Beim Abheben des Abstreifers vom Werkstück, d.h. nachdem der Stanzstempel bzw. die Stanzschneide aus dem Werkstück zurückgezogen wurde, werden der Niederhalter und der Stanzstempel mittels einer (mechanischen) Mitnahmeeinrichtung bewegungsgekoppelt.In a variant of the method, the hold-down device and the punch are motion-coupled during the lifting of the scraper from the top of the workpiece. As described above, during punching of the workpiece, the punch is moved along the stroke axis relative to the scraper, which bears against the workpiece and is therefore stationary. When lifting the scraper from the workpiece, i. After the punch or the punching blade has been withdrawn from the workpiece, the hold-down and the punch are motion-coupled by means of a (mechanical) driving device.
In einer Weiterbildung dieser Variante wird das Einsetzen der Bewegungskopplung durch einen Vergleich der Positionen des Niederhalters und des Stanzstempels entlang der Hubachse detektiert. Sobald die gekoppelte Bewegung einsetzt, ändern sich die beiden Positionen synchron, d.h. der Abstand zwischen den beiden Positionen bleibt konstant, was mit Hilfe von geeigneten Positions- bzw. Wegmesseinrichtungen für den Niederhalter und den Stanzstempel detektiert werden kann.In a further development of this variant, the insertion of the movement coupling by comparing the positions of the blank holder and the punch detected along the stroke axis. As soon as the coupled movement starts, the two positions change synchronously, ie the distance between the two positions remains constant, which can be detected by means of suitable position or displacement measuring devices for the blank holder and the punch.
Bei einer weiteren Variante ist der Niederhalter mit dem Stanzstempel über eine Vorspanneinrichtung verbunden, die in einer Ruhestellung eine Unterkante des Stanzstempels und eine Unterkante des Abstreifers bündig zueinander ausrichtet. Die Referenzposition des Niederhalters wird durch eine auf eine Antriebseinheit des Stanzwerkzeugs ausgeübte Kraftwirkung beim Aufsetzen des Stanzstempels auf die Oberseite des Werkstücks detektiert. Beim Aufsetzen des Stanzstempels bzw. des Abstreifers auf das Werkstück wird die Vorspanneinrichtung ausgelenkt, wodurch sich die auf die Antriebseinheit bzw. den Stößel ausgeübte Kraft erhöht, so dass die Position, bei welcher der Abstreifer und die Unterkante des Stanzstempels an der Oberseite des Werkstücks anliegt, detektiert werden kann. Der gewünschte Abstand kann nach dem Durchstanzen des Werkstücks eingestellt werden, indem der Stanzstempel ausgehend von dieser Referenzposition um einen geeigneten Wert, z.B. um die halbe Blechdicke, nach oben bewegt wird, um das Werkstückteil prozesssicher ausschieben zu können.In a further variant, the hold-down device is connected to the punch by a biasing device, which aligns a lower edge of the punch and a lower edge of the scraper flush with each other in a rest position. The reference position of the blank holder is detected by a force exerted on a drive unit of the punching force on placement of the punch on the top of the workpiece. When placing the punch or the scraper on the workpiece, the biasing means is deflected, whereby the force exerted on the drive unit or the ram force increases, so that the position at which the scraper and the lower edge of the punch rests against the top of the workpiece , can be detected. The desired distance can be adjusted after the punching of the workpiece by moving the punch from this reference position by an appropriate value, e.g. is moved by half the sheet thickness, upwards in order to push out the workpiece part process reliable.
Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung. Ebenso können die vorstehend genannten und die noch weiter aufgeführten Merkmale je für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebigen Kombinationen Verwendung finden. Die gezeigten und beschriebenen Ausführungsformen sind nicht als abschließende Aufzählung zu verstehen, sondern haben vielmehr beispielhaften Charakter für die Schilderung der Erfindung.Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and the drawings. Likewise, the features mentioned above and the features listed further can be used individually or in combination in any combination. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as exhaustive enumeration, but rather have exemplary character for the description of the invention.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer Werkzeugmaschine in Form einer Stanz-/Umformmaschine,
- Fig. 2a-d
- schematische Darstellungen mehrerer Schritte eines Stanzhubs, der mittels eines Stanzstempels unter Zuhilfenahme eines Niederhalters mit Abstreifer erfolgt, sowie
- Fig. 3a-e
- schematische Darstellungen mehrerer Schritte eines Stanzhubs, bei welcher ein Niederhalter mit einem Stanzstempel über eine Schraubenfeder verbunden ist.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of an embodiment of a machine tool in the form of a stamping / forming machine,
- Fig. 2a-d
- schematic representations of several steps of a punching stroke, which is carried out by means of a punch with the aid of a blank holder with scraper, and
- Fig. 3a-e
- schematic representations of several steps of a punching stroke, in which a hold-down is connected to a punch on a coil spring.
An dem vorderen Ende des oberen Schenkels des C-förmigen Maschinengestells 2 ist eine Stempel-Aufnahme 8 angeordnet, in welcher ein Stanzstempel 9 gelagert ist. Weiterhin ist an dem vorderen Ende des unteren Schenkels des C-förmigen Maschinengestells 2 eine Matrizen-Aufnahme 10 vorgesehen, in der eine Stanzmatrize 11 gelagert ist. Der Stanzstempel 9 und die Stanzmatrize 11 bilden ein Werkzeug 12 zum trennenden Bearbeiten des Blechs 4.At the front end of the upper leg of the C-shaped
Eine Antriebseinheit der Stanz-/Umformmaschine 1 wird von einem Stempel-Antrieb 13 und einem Matrizen-Antrieb 14 in Form von Linearantrieben gebildet. Mittels des Stempel-Antriebs 13 ist die Stempel-Aufnahme 8 mitsamt dem daran gelagerten bzw. festgelegten Stanzstempel 9 entlang einer Hubachse 15 gegenüber dem Werkstücktisch 3 heb- und senkbar. In vergleichbarer Weise ist die Matrizen-Aufnahme 10 mitsamt der darin gelagerten bzw. festgelegten Stanzmatrize 11 mittels des Matrizen-Antriebs 14 entlang der Hubachse 15 gegenüber dem Werkstücktisch 3 heb- und senkbar. Weiterhin sind die Stempel-Aufnahme 8 und die Matrizen-Aufnahme 10 mittels eines nicht näher gezeigten Drehantriebs unabhängig voneinander um eine mit der Hubachse 15 identische Werkzeugdrehachse 16 dreheinstellbar.A drive unit of the punching / forming
An der Koordinatenführung 6 ist ein Linearmagazin 17 mit weiteren Werkzeugen 12 vorgesehen. Die in dem Linearmagazin 17 befindlichen Werkzeuge 12 werden jeweils von einer Werkzeugkassette 18 gehalten und sind je nach Bedarf zur Bearbeitung des Blechs 4 an der Stempel-Aufnahme 8 bzw. der Matrizen-Aufnahme 10 festlegbar, wobei insbesondere auch Werkzeuge 12 zur Umformung des Werkstücks 4 in dem Linearmagazin 17 vorgehalten werden können.At the coordinate guide 6, a
Beim Werkzeugwechsel und bei der Werkstückbearbeitung werden sämtliche Antriebe der Stanz-/Umformmaschine 1 mittels einer numerischen Steuerungseinheit 19 gesteuert. Die numerische Steuerungseinheit 19 umfasst insbesondere Speichermittel 20 zum Speichern von Werkzeugdaten und zudem Steuermittel 21, um sowohl die Heb-, Senk- und Drehbewegungen der Stempel-Aufnahme 8 als auch die Heb-, Senk- und Drehbewegungen der Matrizen-Aufnahme 10 basierend auf den gespeicherten Daten über das Werkstück 4 bzw. das Werkzeug 12 zu bemessen und zu steuern.During tool change and during workpiece machining, all drives of the stamping / forming
Nachfolgend werden anhand von
Der in
In
Wie in
In
Die Detektionseinrichtung 26 steht mit der Wegmesseinrichtung 27, 28 des Niederhalters 24 sowie mit einer weiteren (nicht gezeigten) Wegmesseinrichtung zur Erfassung der Position P des Stanzstempels 9 entlang der Hubachse 15 in signaltechnischer Verbindung. Die Detektionseinrichtung 26 selbst steht mit der Steuerungseinrichtung 19 in signaltechnischer Verbindung. Die Steuerungseinrichtung 19 vergleicht die mit Hilfe der Detektionseinrichtung 26 erfasste Position P des Niederhalters 24 mit der Position S des Stanzstempels 9. Durch den Vergleich kann ermittelt werden, ob der Abstreifer 25 noch an der Oberseite 4a des Werkstücks 4 anliegt (Position S des Stanzstempels 9 ändert sich, Position P des Niederhalters 24 bleibt gleich). Wird der Abstreifer 25 von der Oberseite des Werkstücks 4 abgehoben, findet über die korrespondierenden Absätze 29a, 29b, welche eine Mitnehmereinrichtung bilden, eine Kopplung der Bewegung des Stanzstempels 9 mit der Bewegung des Niederhalters 24 bzw. eine simultane Bewegung statt. Die simultane Bewegung kann von der Steuerungseinrichtung 19 erkannt werden, da die Differenz ΔPS (vgl.
Wie in
Bei der in
Für die Positionierung des Abstreifers 25 bzw. die Festlegung des Abstandes zwischen der Oberseite 4a des Werkstücks 4 und dem Abstreifer 25 ist typischer Weise die Kenntnis der Dicke d des stanzend bearbeiteten Werkstücks 4 erforderlich, da der Abstand in der Regel von der Werkstückdicke d abhängig ist und nicht größer als die Dicke d des Werkstücks 4 gewählt werden sollte. Typischer Weise ist die Dicke d des Werkstücks 4 in der Steuerungseinrichtung 19 bzw. in den Speichermitteln 20 hinterlegt. Gegebenenfalls kann auch während der Bearbeitung eine Messung der Dicke d des Werkstücks 4 erfolgen. Die Wahl des Abstandes bei der halben Dicke d des Werkstücks 4 zu wählen hat sich zwar in der Praxis bewährt, es versteht sich aber, dass der Abstand d grundsätzlich in einem Wertebereich zwischen 0 x d und 1,0 x d variieren kann, wobei der Abstand typischer Weise zwischen ca. 0,01 x d und 1,0 x d, bevorzugt zwischen ca. 0,1 x d und 1,0 x d beträgt.For the positioning of the
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann zur Detektion der Referenzposition PR bzw. zur Detektion des Abhebens des Abstreifers 25 von der Oberseite 4a des Werkstücks 4 auch ein Detektor bzw. eine Sensoreinrichtung verwendet werden, die in den Abstreifer 25 integriert ist, beispielsweise in Form eines optischen Sensors oder ggf. durch eine Widerstandsmessung bzw. eine Spannungsmessung ermittelt werden, da das Abheben des Abstreifers 25 vom Werkstück 4 den elektrischen Kontakt zwischen den beiden Bauteilen unterbricht.Alternatively or additionally, for detecting the reference position PR or for detecting the lifting of the
Die oben im Zusammenhang mit
Bei dem dort gezeigten Stanzwerkzeug 12 bilden der Stanzstempel 9 und der Niederhalter 24 eine gemeinsame Baueinheit, genauer gesagt ist der Stanzstempel 9 mit dem Niederhalter 24 über eine Schraubenfeder 32 verbunden. Das untere Ende des Stanzstempels 9 ist in einer Durchgangsöffnung des im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Niederhalter 24 geführt. Die Schraubenfeder 32 ist zwischen einer das dem Werkstück 4 abgewandte Ende des Stanzstempels 9 bildenden Kopfplatte und einem dem Werkstück 4 abgewandten stirnseitigen Ende des Niederhalters 24 angebracht. Die Federwirkung der Schraubenfeder 32 ist hierbei derart eingestellt, dass in einer Ruhestellung, d.h. ohne eine äußere Krafteinwirkung auf den Stanzstempel 9 bzw. den Niederhalter 24 eine Unterkante 9b des Stanzstempels 9 und eine Unterkante 25a des am unteren Ende des Niederhalters 24 gebildeten plattenförmigen Abstreifers 25 bündig abschließen. Der in
Wie in
Bei der in
Wie in
Wenn die Schraubenfeder 32 ihre Ruhestellung erreicht hat, wird der Niederhalter 24 und mit diesem der Stanzstempel 9 durch die Wirkung der Federkraft der weiteren, am Gehäuse 2 vorgesehenen Schraubenfeder 33 nach oben gedrückt, bis der Stanzstempel 9 seine in
Zum Ausschieben eines Werkstückteils kann bei der Aufwärtsbewegung der Stanzstempel 9 bzw. der Stößel 13a in einer Position zugestellt werden, bei welcher der Abstreifer 25 einen Abstand d/2 zur Oberseite des Werkstücks 4 einnimmt, welcher der halben Dicke d des Werkstücks 4 entspricht. Hierzu greift die Steuerungseinrichtung 19, welcher die Position des Stößels 13a entlang der Hubachse 15 aufgrund einer (nicht gezeigten) Wegmesseinrichtung bekannt ist, auf die anhand der Kraftmessung in
Zusammenfassend kann durch das Zustellen des Abstreifers 25 in einem vorgegebenen Abstand von der Oberseite 4a des Werkstücks 4 beim Ausschieben eines Werkstückteils die Prozesssicherheit beim Ausschieben von Werkstückteilen deutlich erhöht werden, da die Einstellung des vorgegebenen Abstandes relativ zur Position der Oberseite 4a des Werkstücks 4 in Richtung der Hubachse 15 erfolgt.In summary, by delivering the
Claims (14)
- A machine tool (1) for processing plate-like workpieces (4), preferably metal sheets, by punching, comprising:a punching tool (12) having a punch (9) and a punching die (11),a drive unit (13, 14) for moving the punch (9) and the punching die (11) relative to each other along a stroke axis (15) for punching through the workpiece (4),a hold-down device (24) which is movable along the stroke axis (15) and which has a stripper (25) which, during punching-through of the workpiece (4) by means of the punch (9), rests on an upper side (4a) of the workpiece (4),a detection device (26) for detection of a reference position (PR) of the hold-down device (24) along the stroke axis (15), in which reference position (PR) the stripper (25) rests on the upper side (4a) of the workpiece (4),a control device (19) for positioning the stripper (25) at a predefined distance (d/2) from the reference position (PR),characterized in that the machine tool furthermore comprises a pushing-out device (6, 7) for pushing out a workpiece part (4b) that has been cut free when punching through (4) the workpiece (4), by moving the workpiece part (4b) together with the workpiece (4) along a support plane (5).
- A machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising: a driver arrangement (29a, 29b, 31 a, 31 b) for motion coupling of the motion of the hold-down device (24) with the motion of the punch (9) during raising of the stripper (25) from the upper side (4a) of the workpiece (4).
- A machine tool according to claim 2, in which the control device (19) is configured to recognise the commencement of the motion coupling by a comparison of the positions (P, S) of the hold-down device (25) and the punch (9) along the stroke axis (15).
- A machine tool according to claim 2 or 3, in which the detection device (26) has a measuring device (27, 28) for determining the position (P) of the hold-down device (24) along the stroke axis (15).
- A machine tool according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the hold-down device (24) is connected to the punch (9) via a pre-tensioning device (32) which, in a resting position, aligns a lower edge (9b) of the punch (9) and a lower edge (25a) of the stripper (25) flush with each other.
- A machine tool according to claim 5, in which the detection device (26) is configured to detect the reference position (PR) of the hold-down device (24) by the action of a force exerted by the punch (9) on a drive unit (13, 13a) on setting-down of the punch (9) onto the upper side (4a) of the workpiece (4).
- A machine tool according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the control device (19) is configured to specify the distance (d/2) as a function of a thickness (d) of the processed workpiece (4).
- A machine tool according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the detection device (26) for detection of the reference position (PR) has a sensor mounted on the stripper (25).
- A method for pushing out a workpiece part (4b) on a machine tool (1) for processing plate-like workpieces (4), especially metal sheets, by punching, comprising:moving a punch (9) and a punching die (11) relative to each other along a stroke axis (15) for cutting the workpiece part (4b) free from a workpiece (4), wherein, during the punching-through of the workpiece (4) with the aid of the punch (9), a stripper (25) mounted on a hold-down device (24) rests on an upper side (4a) of the workpiece (4),detecting a reference position (PR) of the hold-down device (24) along the stroke axis (15), at which reference position (PR) the stripper (25) rests on the surface (4a) of the workpiece (4),positioning the stripper (25) at a predefined distance (d/2) from the reference position (PR), andpushing out the workpiece part (4) that has been cut free by moving the workpiece part (4b) together with the workpiece (4) along a support plane (5).
- A method according to claim 9, in which the distance is specified as a function of a thickness (d) of the workpiece (4).
- A method according to claim 10, in which the distance corresponds to at least half (d/2) the thickness (d) of the workpiece (4).
- A method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, in which the hold-down device (24) and the punch (9) are motion-coupled during raising of the stripper (25) from the upper side of the workpiece (4).
- A method according to claim 12, in which the commencement of the motion coupling is detected by a comparison of the positions (P, S) of the hold-down device (24) and the punch (9) along the stroke axis (15).
- A method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, in which the hold-down device (24) is connected to the punch (9) via a pre-tensioning device (32) which in a resting position aligns a lower edge (9a) of the punch (9) and a lower edge (25a) of the stripper (25) flush with each other, and in which the reference position (P) of the hold-down device (24) is detected by the action of a force exerted on a drive unit (13) of the punching tool (12) on setting-down of the punch (9) onto the upper side (4a) of the workpiece (4).
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12169979.7A EP2669024B1 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2012-05-30 | Machine tool and method for pushing out a workpiece part |
US13/903,204 US9205481B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-05-28 | Moving workpiece parts on machine tools |
CN201310206674.2A CN103506518B (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-05-29 | Lathe and the method for releasing workpiece portion |
JP2013113933A JP6141105B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-05-30 | Method for extruding machine tool and workpiece part |
US14/932,074 US9446442B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2015-11-04 | Moving workpiece parts on machine tools |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP12169979.7A EP2669024B1 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2012-05-30 | Machine tool and method for pushing out a workpiece part |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2669024A1 EP2669024A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
EP2669024B1 true EP2669024B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
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EP12169979.7A Active EP2669024B1 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2012-05-30 | Machine tool and method for pushing out a workpiece part |
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US (2) | US9205481B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2669024B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6141105B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103506518B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
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US20140033886A1 (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-06 | Xerox Corporation | Document Production System and Method With Automated Die Exchange |
CN104164969A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-11-26 | 四川金锋建设有限公司 | Protection mechanism used when concrete steel formwork is punched |
DE102015119946B4 (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2018-10-25 | Schuler Pressen Gmbh | sledgehammer |
DE102016102656B4 (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2024-03-28 | Schuler Pressen Gmbh | Device and method for processing metal raw parts and for sorting metal waste parts |
EP3219404B1 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2018-06-06 | TRUMPF Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH + Co. KG | Machining unit and machine-tool for stamping workpieces, in particular metal sheets |
CN105921604B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-01-09 | 马鞍山市金申数控模具有限公司 | A kind of punching plates mould and its hole-punching method |
CN108372227B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2024-05-03 | 浙江安隆金属制品有限公司 | Stamping die for automobile shell |
CN109013941A (en) * | 2018-08-25 | 2018-12-18 | 佛山市顺德区凯硕精密模具自动化科技有限公司 | The feeding device of Large Central Air Conditioning System full-automation prosthetic robot precision stamping production line |
DE102019129787A1 (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-06 | Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg | Tool and method for processing plate-shaped workpieces, in particular sheet metal |
DE102021133133A1 (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-15 | Elringklinger Ag | machine tool |
CN114798909B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2023-04-07 | 盐城世圆汽车配件有限公司 | Automobile stamping equipment and stamping process |
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JPS58122132A (en) * | 1981-08-18 | 1983-07-20 | Amada Co Ltd | Moving method of material to be worked in punch press |
EP0243407B1 (en) | 1985-10-18 | 1991-07-31 | Universal Engineering Development Co. Pty. Ltd. | Improvements to punch presses |
JPS61172632A (en) * | 1985-12-27 | 1986-08-04 | Amada Co Ltd | Device for movement control of material to be worked in punching press |
NL8902274A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1991-04-02 | Brouwer & Co Machine | PUNCHING MACHINE. |
JPH04129514U (en) * | 1991-05-20 | 1992-11-26 | 株式会社カノウモールド | Stripper mechanism of press molding equipment |
FI100647B (en) * | 1995-12-14 | 1998-01-30 | Balaxman Oy | Method in sheet metal working center and sheet metal working center |
JP3765636B2 (en) | 1997-04-16 | 2006-04-12 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Plate thickness detection method and apparatus during punch press processing |
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JP2001047148A (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-02-20 | Komatsu Ltd | Method for controlling stripper of punch press and controller therefor |
JP2003117618A (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-23 | Aida Eng Ltd | Device and method for detecting refuse rising |
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JP2008147148A (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-26 | Ships Kk | Water-cooled chassis for led illumination |
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-
2012
- 2012-05-30 EP EP12169979.7A patent/EP2669024B1/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-05-28 US US13/903,204 patent/US9205481B2/en active Active
- 2013-05-29 CN CN201310206674.2A patent/CN103506518B/en active Active
- 2013-05-30 JP JP2013113933A patent/JP6141105B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2015
- 2015-11-04 US US14/932,074 patent/US9446442B2/en active Active
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CN103506518B (en) | 2017-10-31 |
US20160052040A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
US9205481B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
EP2669024A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
JP6141105B2 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
US9446442B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
CN103506518A (en) | 2014-01-15 |
JP2013248668A (en) | 2013-12-12 |
US20130319194A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
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