EP2638276B1 - Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2638276B1
EP2638276B1 EP11760478.5A EP11760478A EP2638276B1 EP 2638276 B1 EP2638276 B1 EP 2638276B1 EP 11760478 A EP11760478 A EP 11760478A EP 2638276 B1 EP2638276 B1 EP 2638276B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel
line
injection system
fuel injection
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EP11760478.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2638276A2 (en
Inventor
Sascha Ambrock
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0011—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
    • F02M37/0023—Valves in the fuel supply and return system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0052—Details on the fuel return circuit; Arrangement of pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/54—Arrangement of fuel pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/27—Fuel-injection apparatus with filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/28—Details of throttles in fuel-injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46—Valves
    • F02M59/466—Electrically operated valves, e.g. using electromagnetic or piezoelectric operating means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a high-pressure fuel pump whose high-pressure region is preceded by a metering unit which delivers a fuel quantity delivered from a reservoir to the high-pressure region via a supply line, wherein a zero-feed line branches off from the supply line, which branches off in the area of a constriction of a Venturi throttle initiates a return.
  • Fuel injection systems of modern diesel engines are predominantly designed today as common-rail injection systems.
  • high pressure fuel is withdrawn through the individual fuel injectors from the cylinder from a pressure accumulator, which in turn is supplied via a high pressure area of a high pressure fuel pump with a corresponding amount of high pressure fuel.
  • a high-pressure area of the high-pressure fuel pump is preceded by a metering unit which meters the fuel quantity required in the respective operating point of the diesel engine so that only the fuel quantity required is also compressed to high pressure and conveyed into the high-pressure accumulator. In certain operating states, however, the amount of fuel delivered into the high-pressure accumulator should be zero.
  • Such a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine is known, in which a high pressure fuel pump is preceded by a metering unit. About this metering unit, the respective high-pressure area to be compressed and metered into a high-pressure accumulator fuel amount is metered.
  • the metering unit is supplied via an upstream feed pump from a reservoir with low-pressure fuel, which is guided in advance to the metering unit via a filter unit.
  • an overflow line with an overflow valve and a lubricant line with a lubricant throttle branch off from an inlet of the metering unit.
  • a low-pressure region of the high-pressure fuel pump for lubrication and cooling is supplied with the low-pressure fuel.
  • fuel can be delivered from a certain pressure level into a return line of the fuel injection system in order to keep the pressure in front of the metering unit constant even at low delivery rates via the metering unit or in the case of zero delivery.
  • a zero delivery line branching off from the supply line is provided, via which, in the case of zero delivery, the leakage quantity still flowing via the metering unit can be conveyed into the return line.
  • larger pumpable into a working space of the pump fuel quantity is an opening of the zero-delivery line in the Return designed in the manner of a Venturi choke.
  • the zero delivery line opens into the return line in the area of a narrow point of this venturi throttle.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine available, the susceptibility to failure in the region of the zero-delivery line is reduced.
  • venturi restrictor in each case has a filter in an inlet and / or in an outlet section into the constriction.
  • a filter in the inlet in front of the constriction of the Venturi throttle in an opening section into the constriction of the Venturi throttle or even in both areas, the risk of particle entry into the Venturi throttle can be significantly reduced.
  • flow diameters of venturi throttles in this range are usually 0.1 mm to 2 mm, so that there settle particles and can lead to clogging of the return. This results in a functional impairment due to clogging of the return line.
  • the provision of at least one fine mesh filter according to the invention significantly reduces the susceptibility due to a particle entry.
  • each filter is a mesh screen.
  • each filter is a laser-finished screen. In both cases, a fine-meshed filter can be designed with low production costs.
  • a feed pump which promotes fuel from the reservoir into a low pressure region of the high pressure fuel pump and into an inlet of the metering unit.
  • both the metering unit and the low-pressure region of the high-pressure fuel pump are supplied with sufficient fuel.
  • an overflow line of an overflow valve branches off from the inlet of the metering unit.
  • the overflow valve returns this excess amount from a first pressure level in the overflow line into a feed line of the feed pump and delivers from a second pressure level into the return line.
  • a throttle point is provided between an opening of the return line and an inlet of the feed pump.
  • the feed pump is a gear pump.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown.
  • a feed pump 1 which is preferably designed as a gear pump
  • a high pressure fuel pump 3 which is composed of a low pressure region 4 and a high pressure region 5.
  • the fuel passes through the - described here only as a black box - low pressure area 4 and is used for lubrication, as well as for cooling moving parts.
  • the fuel passes to an inlet 6 of a metering unit 7, which meters the amount of fuel according to the demand demanded for operation of the internal combustion engine and via a feed line 8, and disposed therein suction valves 9 the - also not shown in detail - high-pressure region 5 supplies.
  • the supplied fuel is then compressed in a manner known to those skilled in the art to high pressure and then one - only partially shown - accumulator 10 is supplied, from which the high-pressure fuel for operation of the internal combustion engine can be removed.
  • FIG. 1 branches from the inlet 6 of the metering unit 7 from an overflow 11 with an overflow valve 12 disposed therein.
  • This overflow valve 12 has a - here indicated by the drawing - piston, which from reaching a first pressure level in the overflow 11, a flow of fuel from the overflow 11 into a return line 13 and from Reaching a second pressure level in the overflow 11 in addition to flow into a return 14 to the reservoir 2 allows.
  • the piston of the overflow valve 12 is charged at the rear by a spring and the prevailing in the return line 13 pressure, alternatively, a rearward load by the spring and the pressure prevailing in the return 14 pressure by a corresponding connection to the return 14 is conceivable.
  • the return line 13 opens into a feed line 15 of the feed pump 1, so that from reaching the first pressure level in the overflow first 11, a return to the supply line 15 and further increasing pressure in the overflow 11 also takes place in the return line 14 to the reservoir 2.
  • An increase in the pressure in the overflow line 11 occurs in this case in that an almost constant fuel quantity is conveyed to the metering unit 7 by the feed pump 1, which, however, forwards only the portion necessary for operating the internal combustion engine to the high-pressure area 5.
  • a throttle point 16 is provided between an opening of the return line 13 and an inlet of the feed pump 1.
  • In the return 14 also opens a drain line 17 from the low pressure region 4 of the high-pressure fuel pump third
  • FIG. 1 It can be seen that behind the metering unit 7 from the supply line 8 to the high-pressure region 5, a zero delivery line 18 branches off. In the case of operating states in which no high-pressure fuel generation and, accordingly, no supply of fuel to the high-pressure region 5 is to take place, a leakage quantity which nevertheless occurs above the metering unit 7 and can not be avoided is removed via this zero-delivery line 18. Otherwise, this leakage would accumulate in the supply 8 and from a certain amount and a pressure associated therewith provide for opening the suction valves 9 and thus allow an influx into the high-pressure region 5.
  • This zero feed line 18 opens into the return line 14, wherein the return line 14 in the region of this junction has a venturi throttle 19, which in detail in FIG. 2 is shown.
  • the zero feed line 18 opens in the region of a constriction 20 of the Venturi throttle 19 a. This ensures that in the case of zero delivery via the metering unit 7, which has the flow of a correspondingly large amount of fuel through the overflow valve 12 and thus also via the return 14 result, due to the fuel flowing through the return 14 and thereby Venture effect generated by the leakage fuel from the zero feed line 18 is sucked by forming a negative pressure in the region of the constriction 20 in the return line 14. As a result, a good emptying of the zero delivery line 18 is achieved, so that an opening pressure of the suction valves 9 can be advantageously lowered before the high-pressure region 5.
  • the fuel injection system according to the invention now in each case a fine mesh filter 22 and 23 in an inlet 21 of the Venturi throttle 19 and in an opening portion in the constriction 20.
  • These filters 22 and 23 can be designed in each case as a mesh screen or laser-sieve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine, umfassend eine Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe, deren Hochdruckbereich eine Zumesseinheit vorgeschaltet ist, die eine aus einem Vorratsbehälter geförderte Kraftstoffmenge dem Hochdruckbereich dosiert über eine Zuführleitung zuführt, wobei von der Zuführleitung eine Nullförderleitung abzweigt, die im Bereich einer Engstelle einer Venturidrossel in einen Rücklauf einmündet.The invention relates to a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a high-pressure fuel pump whose high-pressure region is preceded by a metering unit which delivers a fuel quantity delivered from a reservoir to the high-pressure region via a supply line, wherein a zero-feed line branches off from the supply line, which branches off in the area of a constriction of a Venturi throttle initiates a return.

Kraftstoffeinspritzsysteme moderner Dieselmotoren sind heutzutage überwiegend als Common-Rail-Einspritzsysteme ausgebildet. Bei einem derartigen System wird unter Hochdruck stehender Kraftstoff durch die einzelnen Kraftstoffinjektoren der Zylinder aus einem Druckspeicher entnommen, welcher seinerseits über einen Hochdruckbereich einer Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe mit einer entsprechenden Menge unter Hochdruck stehenden Kraftstoffs versorgt wird. Üblicherweise ist einem Hochdruckbereich der Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe hierbei eine Zumesseinheit vorgeschaltet, welche die in dem jeweiligen Betriebspunkt des Dieselmotors nötige Kraftstoffmenge zudosiert, so dass nur die auch benötigte Kraftstoffmenge auf Hochdruck verdichtet und in den Hochdruckspeicher gefördert wird. In bestimmten Betriebszuständen soll allerdings die in den Hochdruckspeicher geförderte Kraftstoffmenge Null sein. Im Falle einer sogenannten Null-Förderung wird dem Hochdruckbereich der Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe dann kein Kraftstoff mehr über die Zumesseinheit zugeführt. Dabei kann aber aufgrund von Leckage das Strömen einer geringen Kraftstoffmenge über die Zumesseinheit nicht gänzlich unterbunden werden. Aus diesem Grund zweigt üblicherweise von einer Zuführleitung zum Hochdruckbereich der Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe eine Null-Förderleitung ab, über welche diese Leckagemenge in einen Rücklauf zurückbefördert werden kann.Fuel injection systems of modern diesel engines are predominantly designed today as common-rail injection systems. In such a system, high pressure fuel is withdrawn through the individual fuel injectors from the cylinder from a pressure accumulator, which in turn is supplied via a high pressure area of a high pressure fuel pump with a corresponding amount of high pressure fuel. Usually, a high-pressure area of the high-pressure fuel pump is preceded by a metering unit which meters the fuel quantity required in the respective operating point of the diesel engine so that only the fuel quantity required is also compressed to high pressure and conveyed into the high-pressure accumulator. In certain operating states, however, the amount of fuel delivered into the high-pressure accumulator should be zero. In the case of a so-called zero delivery, the high-pressure region of the high-pressure fuel pump is then no longer supplied with fuel via the metering unit. However, due to leakage, the flow of a small amount of fuel via the metering unit can not be completely prevented. For this reason, usually branched from a supply line to the high-pressure region of the high-pressure fuel pump, a zero-delivery line via which this leakage amount can be returned in a return.

Aus der DE 101 54 133 C1 ist ein derartiges Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei welchem einem Hochdruckbereich einer Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe eine Zumesseinheit vorgeschaltet ist. Über diese Zumesseinheit wird dem Hochdruckbereich die jeweils zu verdichtende und in einen Hochdruckspeicher zu fördernde Kraftstoffmenge zudosiert. Dabei wird die Zumesseinheit über eine vorgeschaltete Förderpumpe aus einem Vorratsbehälter mit unter Niederdruck stehendem Kraftstoff versorgt, welcher im Vorfeld zur Zumesseinheit über eine Filtereinheit geführt wird. Hierbei zweigen von einem Zulauf der Zumesseinheit eine Überströmleitung mit einem Überströmventil und eine Schmiermittelleitung mit einer Schmiermitteldrossel ab. Mittels der Schmiermittelleitung wird ein Niederdruckbereich der Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe zur Schmierung und Kühlung mit dem unter Niederdruck stehenden Kraftstoff versorgt. Über das Überströmventil und einen hierin vorgesehenen, federkraftbelasteten Kolben kann Kraftstoff ab einem bestimmten Druckniveau in einen Rücklauf des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems gefördert werden, um den Druck vor der Zumesseinheit auch bei niedrigen Förderraten über die Zumesseinheit oder im Falle einer Null-Förderung konstant zu halten.From the DE 101 54 133 C1 Such a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine is known, in which a high pressure fuel pump is preceded by a metering unit. About this metering unit, the respective high-pressure area to be compressed and metered into a high-pressure accumulator fuel amount is metered. In this case, the metering unit is supplied via an upstream feed pump from a reservoir with low-pressure fuel, which is guided in advance to the metering unit via a filter unit. In this case, an overflow line with an overflow valve and a lubricant line with a lubricant throttle branch off from an inlet of the metering unit. By means of the lubricant line, a low-pressure region of the high-pressure fuel pump for lubrication and cooling is supplied with the low-pressure fuel. By means of the overflow valve and a spring-loaded piston provided therein, fuel can be delivered from a certain pressure level into a return line of the fuel injection system in order to keep the pressure in front of the metering unit constant even at low delivery rates via the metering unit or in the case of zero delivery.

Auf Seiten einer Zuführleitung der Zumesseinheit zum Hochdruckbereich der Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe ist des Weiteren eine von der Zuführleitung abzweigende Null-Förderleitung vorgesehen, über welche im Falle einer Null-Förderung die dennoch über die Zumesseinheit strömende Leckagemenge in den Rücklauf befördert werden kann. Um einen Öffnungsdruck von Saugventilen des Hochdruckbereichs nun möglichst niedrig zu halten, was im Hinblick auf ein früheres Öffnen dieser Saugventile während des Betriebes und einer damit einhergehenden, größeren in einen Arbeitsraum der Pumpe förderbaren Kraftstoffmenge wünschenswert ist, ist eine Einmündung der Null-Förderleitung in den Rücklauf nach Art einer Venturidrossel gestaltet. Hierbei mündet die Null-Förderleitung im Bereich einer Engstelle dieser Venturidrossel in den Rücklauf ein. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass im Falle der Null-Förderung und des hierbei über das Überströmventil und den Rücklauf strömenden Kraftstoffs innerhalb der Venturidrossel im Bereich der Engstelle ein Unterdruck entsteht, über welchen die Leckagemenge aus der Null-Förderleitung in den Rücklauf gesaugt wird. Folglich fällt der Druck in der Null-Förderleitung gegenüber Systemen ohne Venturidrossel deutlich niedriger aus, so dass ein Öffnungsdruck der Saugventile des Hochdruckbereichs niedriger gewählt werden kann, ohne dass ein ungewolltes Öffnen und ein Einströmen der Leckagemenge in den Hochdruckbereich auftritt.On the side of a feed line of the metering unit to the high-pressure region of the high-pressure fuel pump, a zero delivery line branching off from the supply line is provided, via which, in the case of zero delivery, the leakage quantity still flowing via the metering unit can be conveyed into the return line. In order to keep the opening pressure of suction valves of the high-pressure region as low as possible, which is desirable in view of earlier opening of these suction valves during operation and a concomitant, larger pumpable into a working space of the pump fuel quantity is an opening of the zero-delivery line in the Return designed in the manner of a Venturi choke. In this case, the zero delivery line opens into the return line in the area of a narrow point of this venturi throttle. This ensures that in the case of zero delivery and this case over the overflow valve and the return flowing fuel within the Venturi choke in the constriction creates a negative pressure over which the leakage amount from the zero feed line is sucked into the return. Consequently, the pressure in the zero-delivery line falls significantly lower than systems without venturi restrictor, so that An opening pressure of the suction valves of the high-pressure region can be selected lower without an accidental opening and an inflow of the leakage amount occurs in the high-pressure region.

Ausgehend von dem vorstehend genannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine zur Verfügung zu stellen, dessen Störanfälligkeit im Bereich der Null-Förderleitung reduziert ist.Based on the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine available, the susceptibility to failure in the region of the zero-delivery line is reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend von einem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 in Verbindung mit dessen kennzeichnenden Merkmalen gelöst. Die darauf folgenden, abhängigen Ansprüche geben jeweils vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung wieder.This object is achieved on the basis of a preamble of claim 1 in conjunction with its characterizing features. The subsequent dependent claims give each advantageous embodiments of the invention.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die Erfindung umfasst die technische Lehre, dass die Venturidrossel in einem Zulauf und/oder in einem Einmündungsabschnitt in die Engstelle je einen Filter aufweist. Durch das Vorsehen eines Filters im Zulauf vor der Verengung der Venturidrossel, in einem Einmündungsabschnitt in die Engstelle der Venturidrossel oder sogar in beiden Bereichen kann die Gefahr eines Partikeleintrags in die Venturidrossel erheblich reduziert werden. Denn Strömungsdurchmesser von Venturidrosseln betragen in diesem Bereich in der Regel 0,1 mm bis 2 mm, so dass sich dort Partikel festsetzen und zu einem Verstopfen des Rücklaufs führen können. Dies resultiert in einer Funktionsbeeinträchtigung aufgrund einer Verstopfung der Rückführleitung. Hingegen wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Vorsehen zumindest eines feinmaschigen Filters die Störanfälligkeit aufgrund eines Partikeleintrags deutlich vermindert.The invention encompasses the technical teaching that the venturi restrictor in each case has a filter in an inlet and / or in an outlet section into the constriction. By providing a filter in the inlet in front of the constriction of the Venturi throttle, in an opening section into the constriction of the Venturi throttle or even in both areas, the risk of particle entry into the Venturi throttle can be significantly reduced. Because flow diameters of venturi throttles in this range are usually 0.1 mm to 2 mm, so that there settle particles and can lead to clogging of the return. This results in a functional impairment due to clogging of the return line. By contrast, the provision of at least one fine mesh filter according to the invention significantly reduces the susceptibility due to a particle entry.

Im Gegensatz hierzu kann bei einem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem gemäß der DE 101 54 133 C1 eine Störung aufgrund des Zusetzens der Venturidrossel durch Partikel auftreten. Zwar werden hier durch den der Zumesseinheit und dem Überströmventil vorgeschalteten Filter Partikel aus dem Vorratsbehälter abgehalten, später eingetragene Partikel jedoch nicht entfernt.In contrast, in a fuel injection system according to the DE 101 54 133 C1 a disturbance due to the addition of the Venturi choke by particles occur. Although particles are removed from the storage container by the filter arranged upstream of the metering unit and the overflow valve, particles which have been introduced later are not removed.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der je eine Filter ein Maschensieb. Alternativ hierzu handelt es sich bei dem je einen Filter um ein lasergefertigtes Sieb. In beiden Fällen kann ein feinmaschiger Filter mit niedrigem Herstellungsaufwand ausgestaltet werden.In a further development of the invention, one filter each is a mesh screen. Alternatively, each filter is a laser-finished screen. In both cases, a fine-meshed filter can be designed with low production costs.

Entsprechend einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist eine Förderpumpe vorgesehen, welche Kraftstoff aus dem Vorratsbehälter in einen Niederdruckbereich der Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe und in einen Zulauf der Zumesseinheit fördert. Durch diesen Aufbau werden sowohl die Zumesseinheit als auch der Niederdruckbereich der Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe mit ausreichend Kraftstoff versorgt. Bevorzugt zweigt dabei von dem Zulauf der Zumesseinheit eine Überströmleitung eines Überströmventils ab. Durch diese Maßnahme kann ein, aufgrund der Zudosierung der Zumesseinheit überschüssiger Teil der durch die Förderpumpe konstant zur Verfügung gestellten Kraftstoffmenge über das Überströmventil zurückgeführt werden. Vorteilhafterweise führt das Überströmventil diese überschüssige Menge ab einem ersten Druckniveau in der Überströmleitung in eine Zulaufleitung der Förderpumpe zurück und fördert ab einem zweiten Druckniveau in die Rücklaufleitung. Hierdurch wird zunächst wieder vor die Förderpumpe zurückgefördert und erst ab einer größeren zurückzuführenden Menge in den Rücklauf zum Vorratsbehälter gefördert. Hierdurch können die ansonsten auftretenden Verluste durch eine Entspannung des Kraftstoffs in die Rücklaufleitung und den Vorratsbehälter und anschließende erneute Verdichtung auf Niederdruck verringert werden.According to one embodiment of the invention, a feed pump is provided which promotes fuel from the reservoir into a low pressure region of the high pressure fuel pump and into an inlet of the metering unit. By this construction, both the metering unit and the low-pressure region of the high-pressure fuel pump are supplied with sufficient fuel. Preferably, an overflow line of an overflow valve branches off from the inlet of the metering unit. By virtue of this measure, an excess of the amount of fuel constantly made available by the feed pump due to the metering of the metering unit can be returned via the overflow valve. Advantageously, the overflow valve returns this excess amount from a first pressure level in the overflow line into a feed line of the feed pump and delivers from a second pressure level into the return line. As a result, initially conveyed back before the feed pump and promoted only from a larger amount to be returned in the return to the reservoir. As a result, the otherwise occurring losses can be reduced by a relaxation of the fuel in the return line and the reservoir and subsequent recompression to low pressure.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist zwischen einer Einmündung der Rückführleitung und einem Zulauf der Förderpumpe eine Drosselstelle vorgesehen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die aufgrund der Einmündung der Rückführleitung in die Zulaufleitung der Förderpumpe auftretenden Druckschwankungen vor dem Zulauf der Förderpumpe weitestgehen abgemildert werden können.In a further development of the invention, a throttle point is provided between an opening of the return line and an inlet of the feed pump. This has the advantage that the pressure fluctuations occurring due to the confluence of the return line in the feed line of the feed pump before the feed of the feed pump can be mitigated as far as possible.

Gemäß einer weiteren, vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Förderpumpe eine Zahnradpumpe. Hierdurch wird eine robuste und zuverlässige Ausführung einer Förderpumpe realisiert.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the feed pump is a gear pump. As a result, a robust and reliable design of a feed pump is realized.

Weitere, die Erfindung verbessernde Maßnahmen werden nachstehend gemeinsam mit der Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand von Figuren näher dargestellt.Further, measures improving the invention will be described in more detail below together with the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to figures.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing

Es zeigt:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und
Figur 2
eine Schnittansicht im Bereich einer Venturidrossel des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems gemäß Figur 1.
It shows:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of the fuel injection system according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 2
a sectional view in the region of a Venturi throttle of the fuel injection system according to FIG. 1 ,

Ausführungsform der ErfindungEmbodiment of the invention

In Figur 1 ist eine schematische Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems einer Brennkraftmaschine gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung dargestellt. Bei diesem wird über eine Förderpumpe 1, welche bevorzugt als Zahnradpumpe ausgeführt ist, Fluid in Form von Kraftstoff aus einem Vorratsbehälter 2 angesaugt und zu einer Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe 3 gefördert, welche sich aus einem Niederdruckbereich 4 und einem Hochdruckbereich 5 zusammensetzt. Der Kraftstoff durchläuft den - hier nur als Blackbox dargestellten - Niederdruckbereich 4 und wird zur Schmierung, sowie zur Kühlung bewegter Teile herangezogen. Im Anschluss daran gelangt der Kraftstoff zu einem Zulauf 6 einer Zumesseinheit 7, die die Kraftstoffmenge entsprechend dem geforderten Bedarf zum Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine dosiert und über eine Zuführleitung 8, sowie darin angeordneten Saugventilen 9 dem - ebenfalls nicht weiter im Detail dargestellten - Hochdruckbereich 5 zuführt. Innerhalb des Hochdruckbereichs 5 wird der zugeführte Kraftstoff dann auf dem Fachmann bekannte Art und Weise auf Hochdruck verdichtet und anschließend einem - hier nur teilweise dargestellten - Druckspeicher 10 zugeführt, aus welchem der unter Hochdruck stehende Kraftstoff zum Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine entnommen werden kann.In FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown. In this, via a feed pump 1, which is preferably designed as a gear pump, sucked fluid in the form of fuel from a reservoir 2 and conveyed to a high pressure fuel pump 3, which is composed of a low pressure region 4 and a high pressure region 5. The fuel passes through the - described here only as a black box - low pressure area 4 and is used for lubrication, as well as for cooling moving parts. Subsequently, the fuel passes to an inlet 6 of a metering unit 7, which meters the amount of fuel according to the demand demanded for operation of the internal combustion engine and via a feed line 8, and disposed therein suction valves 9 the - also not shown in detail - high-pressure region 5 supplies. Within the high-pressure region 5, the supplied fuel is then compressed in a manner known to those skilled in the art to high pressure and then one - only partially shown - accumulator 10 is supplied, from which the high-pressure fuel for operation of the internal combustion engine can be removed.

Wie des Weiteren aus Figur 1 ersichtlich ist, zweigt von dem Zulauf 6 der Zumesseinheit 7 eine Überströmleitung 11 mit einem darin angeordneten Überströmventil 12 ab. Dieses Überströmventil 12 verfügt über einen - hier zeichnerisch angedeuteten - Kolben, welcher ab Erreichen eines ersten Druckniveaus in der Überströmleitung 11 ein Fließen von Kraftstoff aus der Überströmleitung 11 in eine Rückführleitung 13 und ab Erreichen eines zweiten Druckniveaus in der Überströmleitung 11 zusätzlich ein Fließen in einen Rücklauf 14 zum Vorratsbehälter 2 ermöglicht. Der Kolben des Überströmventils 12 ist dabei rückwärtig durch eine Feder sowie den in der Rückführleitung 13 vorherrschenden Druck belastet, wobei alternativ hierzu auch eine rückwärtige Belastung durch die Feder und den im Rücklauf 14 herrschenden Druck durch eine entsprechende Verbindung mit dem Rücklauf 14 denkbar ist. Die Rückführleitung 13 mündet in eine Zulaufleitung 15 der Förderpumpe 1, so dass ab Erreichen des ersten Druckniveaus in der Überströmleitung 11 zunächst eine Rückführung in die Zulaufleitung 15 und bei weiter ansteigendem Druck in der Überströmleitung 11 zusätzlich auch in den Rücklauf 14 zum Vorratsbehälter 2 erfolgt. Zu einem Anstieg des Drucks in der Überströmleitung 11 kommt es hierbei dadurch, dass durch die Förderpumpe 1 eine nahezu konstante Kraftstoffmenge zur Zumesseinheit 7 gefördert wird, welche hiervon aber nur den zum Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine jeweils notwendigen Anteil zum Hochdruckbereich 5 weiterleitet.As further out FIG. 1 it can be seen, branches from the inlet 6 of the metering unit 7 from an overflow 11 with an overflow valve 12 disposed therein. This overflow valve 12 has a - here indicated by the drawing - piston, which from reaching a first pressure level in the overflow 11, a flow of fuel from the overflow 11 into a return line 13 and from Reaching a second pressure level in the overflow 11 in addition to flow into a return 14 to the reservoir 2 allows. The piston of the overflow valve 12 is charged at the rear by a spring and the prevailing in the return line 13 pressure, alternatively, a rearward load by the spring and the pressure prevailing in the return 14 pressure by a corresponding connection to the return 14 is conceivable. The return line 13 opens into a feed line 15 of the feed pump 1, so that from reaching the first pressure level in the overflow first 11, a return to the supply line 15 and further increasing pressure in the overflow 11 also takes place in the return line 14 to the reservoir 2. An increase in the pressure in the overflow line 11 occurs in this case in that an almost constant fuel quantity is conveyed to the metering unit 7 by the feed pump 1, which, however, forwards only the portion necessary for operating the internal combustion engine to the high-pressure area 5.

Durch die zunächst erfolgende Rückführung von unter Niederdruck stehendem Kraftstoff in die Zulaufleitung 15 der Förderpumpe 1 über die Rückführleitung 13 können Verluste des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems hierbei reduziert werden. Um dabei Druckschwankungen im Zulaufbereich der Förderpumpe 1 möglichst gering zu halten, ist zwischen einer Einmündung der Rückführleitung 13 und einem Zulauf der Förderpumpe 1 eine Drosselstelle 16 vorgesehen. In den Rücklauf 14 mündet ferner auch eine Ablaufleitung 17 aus dem Niederdruckbereich 4 der Hochdruckkraftstoffpumpe 3.As a result of the initially occurring return of low-pressure fuel into the feed line 15 of the feed pump 1 via the return line 13, losses of the fuel injection system can be reduced in this case. In order to keep pressure fluctuations in the inlet region of the feed pump 1 as low as possible, a throttle point 16 is provided between an opening of the return line 13 and an inlet of the feed pump 1. In the return 14 also opens a drain line 17 from the low pressure region 4 of the high-pressure fuel pump third

Des Weiteren ist aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, dass hinter der Zumesseinheit 7 von der Zuführleitung 8 zum Hochdruckbereich 5 eine Null-Förderleitung 18 abzweigt. Über diese Null-Förderleitung 18 wird im Falle von Betriebszuständen, bei welchen keine Kraftstoffhochdruckerzeugung und dementsprechend auch keine Zuführung von Kraftstoff zum Hochdruckbereich 5 erfolgen soll, eine dennoch über der Zumesseinheit 7 auftretende und nicht zu vermeidende Leckagemenge abgeführt. Denn ansonsten würde sich diese Leckagemenge in der Zuführleitung 8 ansammeln und ab einer bestimmten Menge und einem hiermit einhergehenden Druck für ein Öffnen der Saugventile 9 sorgen und damit ein Einströmen in den Hochdruckbereich 5 ermöglichen. Diese Null-Förderleitung 18 mündet in den Rücklauf 14 ein, wobei der Rücklauf 14 im Bereich dieser Einmündung eine Venturidrossel 19 aufweist, welche im Detail in Figur 2 dargestellt ist.Furthermore, it is off FIG. 1 It can be seen that behind the metering unit 7 from the supply line 8 to the high-pressure region 5, a zero delivery line 18 branches off. In the case of operating states in which no high-pressure fuel generation and, accordingly, no supply of fuel to the high-pressure region 5 is to take place, a leakage quantity which nevertheless occurs above the metering unit 7 and can not be avoided is removed via this zero-delivery line 18. Otherwise, this leakage would accumulate in the supply 8 and from a certain amount and a pressure associated therewith provide for opening the suction valves 9 and thus allow an influx into the high-pressure region 5. This zero feed line 18 opens into the return line 14, wherein the return line 14 in the region of this junction has a venturi throttle 19, which in detail in FIG. 2 is shown.

Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich ist, mündet die Null-Förderleitung 18 im Bereich einer Engstelle 20 der Venturidrossel 19 ein. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass im Falle einer Null-Förderung über die Zumesseinheit 7, was das Strömen einer entsprechend großen Kraftstoffmenge über das Überströmventil 12 und damit auch über den Rücklauf 14 zur Folge hat, aufgrund des durch den im Rücklauf 14 strömenden Kraftstoffs und den hierdurch erzeugten Venturieffekt der Leckagekraftstoff aus der Null-Förderleitung 18 durch Ausbilden eines Unterdrucks im Bereich der Engstelle 20 in den Rücklauf 14 gesaugt wird. Hierdurch wird eine gute Entleerung der Null-Förderleitung 18 erreicht, so dass ein Öffnungsdruck der Saugventile 9 vor dem Hochdruckbereich 5 vorteilhafterweise abgesenkt werden kann.How out FIG. 2 can be seen, the zero feed line 18 opens in the region of a constriction 20 of the Venturi throttle 19 a. This ensures that in the case of zero delivery via the metering unit 7, which has the flow of a correspondingly large amount of fuel through the overflow valve 12 and thus also via the return 14 result, due to the fuel flowing through the return 14 and thereby Venture effect generated by the leakage fuel from the zero feed line 18 is sucked by forming a negative pressure in the region of the constriction 20 in the return line 14. As a result, a good emptying of the zero delivery line 18 is achieved, so that an opening pressure of the suction valves 9 can be advantageously lowered before the high-pressure region 5.

Als Besonderheit weist das erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nun in einem Zulauf 21 der Venturidrossel 19 und in einem Einmündungsabschnitt in die Engstelle 20 jeweils einen feinmaschigen Filter 22 und 23 auf. Diese Filter 22 und 23 können hierbei jeweils als Maschensieb oder lasergefertigtes Sieb ausgeführt sein. Durch die beiden Filter 22 und 23 wird ein Eintrag von Partikeln in den Bereich der Engstelle 20 der Venturidrossel 19 wirksam verhindert, was ansonsten zu einem Verstopfen des Rücklaufs 14 und damit zu einer wesentlichen Funktionsbeeinträchtigung des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems der Brennkraftmaschine führen würde.As a special feature, the fuel injection system according to the invention now in each case a fine mesh filter 22 and 23 in an inlet 21 of the Venturi throttle 19 and in an opening portion in the constriction 20. These filters 22 and 23 can be designed in each case as a mesh screen or laser-sieve. By the two filters 22 and 23, an entry of particles in the region of the constriction 20 of the Venturi throttle 19 is effectively prevented, which would otherwise lead to clogging of the return line 14 and thus to a significant functional impairment of the fuel injection system of the internal combustion engine.

Folglich kann durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung die Störanfälligkeit eines Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems einer Brennkraftmaschine wesentlich vermindert werden.Consequently, the susceptibility of a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine can be substantially reduced by the inventive design.

Claims (8)

  1. Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a high-pressure fuel pump (3), upstream of the high-pressure region (5) of which there is connected a metering unit (7) by means of which an amount of fuel delivered from a storage tank (2) is supplied to the high-pressure region (5) in dosed fashion via a supply line (8), wherein a zero-delivery line (18) branches off from the supply line (8), which zero-delivery line opens into a return (14) in the region of a constriction (20) of a Venturi throttle (19),
    characterized in that the Venturi throttle (19) has in each case one filter (22, 23) in a feed (21) and/or in an opening-in section into the constriction (20).
  2. Fuel injection system according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the in each case one filter (22, 23) is a mesh screen.
  3. Fuel injection system according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the in each case one filter (22, 23) is a laser-manufactured screen.
  4. Fuel injection system according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that a delivery pump (1) is provided which delivers fuel from the storage tank (2) into a low-pressure region (4) of the high-pressure fuel pump (3) and into a feed (6) of the metering unit (7).
  5. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that an overflow line (11) of an overflow valve (12) branches off from a feed (6) of the metering unit (7).
  6. Fuel injection system according to Claim 5,
    characterized in that the overflow valve (12), above a first pressure level in the overflow line (11), effects recirculation via a recirculation line (13) into a feed line (15) of the delivery pump (1) and, above a second pressure level, effects delivery back into the return (14).
  7. Fuel injection system according to Claim 6,
    characterized in that a throttle point (16) is provided between an opening-in point of the recirculation line (13) and a feed of the delivery pump (1).
  8. Fuel injection system according to one of Claims 4 to 7,
    characterized in that the delivery pump (1) is a gear pump.
EP11760478.5A 2010-11-08 2011-09-21 Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine Active EP2638276B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010043531A DE102010043531A1 (en) 2010-11-08 2010-11-08 Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine
PCT/EP2011/066410 WO2012062508A2 (en) 2010-11-08 2011-09-21 Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine

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EP2638276A2 EP2638276A2 (en) 2013-09-18
EP2638276B1 true EP2638276B1 (en) 2016-08-17

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EP (1) EP2638276B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5719444B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20130139985A (en)
CN (1) CN103201496B (en)
DE (1) DE102010043531A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2013126194A (en)
WO (1) WO2012062508A2 (en)

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DE102013208707A1 (en) * 2013-05-13 2014-11-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Overflow valve for a high pressure pump in a fuel injection system
DE102013226649A1 (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel supply device of a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine and overflow valve to it
DE102015212121A1 (en) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for determining operating parameters of a fuel pump
CN109690054B (en) 2016-09-09 2022-10-04 沃尔布罗有限责任公司 Throttle body with fluid flow control
CN106640449B (en) * 2016-12-27 2018-05-29 清华大学 For the self-priming electronic control low-pressure fuel gauge of internal combustion engine
CN108150324B (en) * 2017-12-27 2020-01-03 潍柴动力股份有限公司 High-pressure oil pump for engine fuel system and engine fuel system
CN111878272B (en) * 2020-06-30 2021-10-29 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Exhaust device and exhaust method for high-pressure oil pump
CN114017223B (en) * 2021-11-03 2023-03-24 南岳电控（衡阳）工业技术股份有限公司 Oil discharge structure and oil supply system

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JPH11257188A (en) * 1998-03-10 1999-09-21 Hitachi Ltd Fuel return valve
IT1310754B1 (en) * 1999-11-30 2002-02-22 Elasis Sistema Ricerca Fiat VALVE SYSTEM FOR INLET PRESSURE CONTROL OF A LIQUID IN A HIGH PRESSURE PUMP, AND RELATED VALVE
DE10154133C1 (en) 2001-11-03 2003-02-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Common-rail fuel system for IC engine has fuel fed from between fuel metering device and high pressure fuel pump fed to low pressure region with pressure reduction device
JP2007239684A (en) * 2006-03-10 2007-09-20 Bosch Corp Fuel supply pump
DE102009027335A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel system for an internal combustion engine

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WO2012062508A3 (en) 2012-07-12
WO2012062508A2 (en) 2012-05-18
CN103201496B (en) 2016-07-13
KR20130139985A (en) 2013-12-23
JP5719444B2 (en) 2015-05-20
RU2013126194A (en) 2014-12-20
JP2013545914A (en) 2013-12-26
CN103201496A (en) 2013-07-10
DE102010043531A1 (en) 2012-05-10

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