EP2592060B1 - Use of zirconium or a mixture containing zirconium - Google Patents

Use of zirconium or a mixture containing zirconium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2592060B1
EP2592060B1 EP12006902.6A EP12006902A EP2592060B1 EP 2592060 B1 EP2592060 B1 EP 2592060B1 EP 12006902 A EP12006902 A EP 12006902A EP 2592060 B1 EP2592060 B1 EP 2592060B1
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Prior art keywords
tracer
zirconium
aluminum
magnesium
charge
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EP12006902.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2592060A2 (en
EP2592060A3 (en
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Arno Dr. Hahma
Matthias Michael Welte
Oliver Pham
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new use of zirconium or a mixture of zirconium and aluminum.
  • a pyrotechnic ignition mixture can contain zirconium in conjunction with an oxidizing agent such as a chlorate or perchlorate.
  • From the DE 10 2009 041 366 discloses a missile with a pyrotechnic charge with a metal or a metal alloy as fuel and a metal oxide as oxidizing agent.
  • the pyrotechnic charge is characterized by a relatively high density.
  • the metal or metal alloy can comprise zirconium.
  • the missile can be designed as a decoy that emits IR radiation in flight by burning off the pyrotechnic charge.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an alternative use for zirconium.
  • zirconium or a mixture comprising zirconium and aluminum is used as fuel in a pyrotechnic flare, the flare containing an oxidizing agent and a binder, the oxidizing agent being a nitrite, a chlorate, a sulfate or an organic substance containing oxygen atoms wherein the binder is an epoxy resin or a phenolic resin. It is preferably used in a pyrotechnic tracer set. Alternatively, use in a flare or in a signal rocket can also be provided.
  • tracer sets also apply to other tracer sets.
  • magnesium is used as fuel and light generator, since magnesium has a very high light intensity when burned.
  • a major problem here is that magnesium reacts with water that comes into contact with the magnesium due to atmospheric moisture and releases hydrogen in the process. As a result, the shelf life of tracer sets containing magnesium is relatively low. Reliable function is no longer guaranteed after a few years.
  • the tracer set preferably does not contain any magnesium. This means that the disadvantages associated with magnesium can be completely avoided.
  • zirconium is very well suited for use in luminous sets, in particular in tracer sets, although tracer sets containing zirconium have a lower specific luminous intensity based on their weight than tracer sets containing magnesium.
  • the inventors have also recognized that the lower specific light intensity is compensated for by generating a larger gas volume and thus a larger flame, so that the radiating surface is larger than with tracer sets containing magnesium. Calculated per unit of volume, this difference is smaller, since zirconium sets are approx. 30% denser than magnesium sets.
  • the stabilizer for aluminum can be boric acid, a dichromate, e.g. B. potassium dichromate or ammonium dichromate, potassium antimonate or a plastic or grease for coating aluminum particles or another known stabilizer for aluminum.
  • the zirconium, aluminum and / or the oxidizing agent can each be in the form of a powder or granules.
  • the zirconium or the sets containing a zirconium-aluminum mixture show a higher color saturation than magnesium as tracer sets containing fuel and light generating means.
  • tracer sets containing magnesium a color saturation of up to about 85% is possible, while the tracer sets containing zirconium or the mixture usually have a color saturation of 90% to 95%.
  • the surface of zirconium and aluminum powder is designed in such a way that these powders are very free-flowing.
  • the miscibility and the meterability when producing the zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture containing tracer sets is better than when producing tracer sets containing magnesium.
  • Another advantage over the tracer sets containing magnesium is that the tracer sets containing zirconium or zirconium and aluminum are safer to handle because their mechanical sensitivity is lower.
  • the ignitability of the tracer set containing zirconium or a zirconium-aluminum mixture is significantly better than the ignitability of a tracer set containing magnesium.
  • no intermediate set is required between a lighting set and the tracer set containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture, as is usually required for a tracer set containing magnesium.
  • the tracer set containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture does not even need a lighting set for ignition if, for example, a peroxide is provided as the oxidizing agent.
  • the tracer set is therefore without an intermediate set and especially ignited without a firing kit.
  • the tracer set can be introduced into a tracer capsule.
  • the tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture can have a higher density than corresponding tracer sets containing magnesium. A larger mass of the tracer set can thereby be accommodated in a given volume, for example in the tracer capsule.
  • the zirconium or the mixture comprising zirconium and aluminum preferably form more than 50, in particular more than 75, in particular more than 85, in particular more than 90, in particular 100, percent by weight of the fuel contained in the tracer set.
  • the tracer set contains an oxidizing agent and a binding agent.
  • the oxidizing agent is a nitrite, a chlorate, a sulfate or an organic substance containing oxygen atoms.
  • the burn rate can be varied by choosing an oxidizing agent in the tracer set. With the previously known tracer sets containing magnesium, it is necessary to vary the grain size of the magnesium powder. This can lead to difficulties with regard to ignitability in the case of coarse-grained magnesium powder and difficulties in handling because of excessive sensitivity in the case of fine-grained magnesium powder. In the case of the tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture, the burn rate can be varied without changing the grain size of the zirconium and possibly aluminum powder.
  • the minimum grain diameter functioning in a tracer set is smaller in tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture than in tracer sets containing magnesium.
  • very fine-grained metal powders can be used and it is possible to realize smaller tracer capsules than with tracer sets containing magnesium.
  • the binder is an epoxy resin or a phenolic resin.
  • the binding agent for example, the light intensity of the light released during the burn-off and the burn-off rate can be set. For example, a high burn rate can be set with phenolic resin and a burn rate reduced by around 20% with epoxy resin.
  • the light released by the tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture has a high level of brightness and, with a color saturation of up to 95%, corresponds to almost monochromatic light.
  • the light intensities that can be achieved with the tracer sets are almost the same size as the light intensities that can be achieved with the tracer sets containing magnesium.
  • the tracer sets containing zirconium and possibly aluminum are thus also suitable for use in signal rockets and flare cartridges.
  • Tracer sets containing magnesium show, when pressed into a tracer capsule, only about a third of their actual power when burned, while the tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture still show about 70% of their actual power after being pressed into a tracer capsule demonstrate.
  • This is presumably due on the one hand to the fact that the thermal loss to the housing of the tracer capsule is lower in the case of the tracer sets containing zirconium or the mixture than in the case of the tracer sets containing magnesium.
  • the tracer sets containing zirconium or the mixture when burned in a tracer capsule, have almost the same brightness as tracer sets containing magnesium, although their specific light intensity based on the weight is lower.
  • compositions given below were used to produce tracer sets weighing 10 g each.
  • the dry components were weighed into a spherical 250 ml mixing vessel made of conductive plastic, 5 rubber cubes with an edge length of 1 cm were added and the vessel was mixed in a tumble mixer for 1 hour. After that, the mixture was each named binders and enough solvents are added to knead a thick dough from it. The dough was kneaded by hand until homogeneous. The kneading was then continued until the solvent had evaporated and the dough became brittle and resulted in granules. The granulate was dried in a drying cabinet for 1 to 2 hours at 50 ° C. until it was free from solvent.
  • the granules obtained were pressed at 6.7 kbar pressure into a steel sleeve each having an internal diameter of 5 mm and an internal length of 16 mm or to form a tablet. 100 mg of the ignition set were pressed onto each of these. Including the ignition set, the total set height in the steel case was 15 mm.
  • the tracer sleeves obtained in this way were ignited with a twist of 200 Hz, ie 200 revolutions per second, and the light intensity, color saturation and the wavelength of the same color tone were determined by means of a spectrometer (JAZ-ULM from Ocean Optics Inc.). The results are shown below.
  • Example 6 tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder: material Type Weight percent zirconium Svenska kemi ⁇ 80 ⁇ m 39.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 46.0 PVDC Solvin PA806 11.0 Phenolic resin Durez 33005 4.0
  • Example 7 Set of traces according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 19.0 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 52.0 PVDC Solvin PA806 14.0 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 5.0
  • Example 8 tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder.
  • This tracer set represents the fastest burning variant of the four similar tracer sets according to Examples 8 to 11: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 17.2 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.1 Strontium nitrate finely ground 48.5 PVDC Solvin PA806 9.1 PVC Solvin S374MB fine 3.0 Ammonium perchlorate sodium free 5.1 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0
  • Example 9 tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder.
  • This tracer set represents the second fastest burning variant of the four similar tracer sets according to Examples 8 to 11: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 17.0 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 49.0 PVDC Solvin PA806 6.0 PVC Solvin S374MB fine 6.0 Ammonium perchlorate sodium free 5.0 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0
  • Example 10 Tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder.
  • This tracer set represents the second slowest burning variant of the four similar tracer sets according to Examples 8 to 11: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 16.2 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.1 Strontium nitrate finely ground 49.5 PVDC Solvin PA806 3.0 PVC Solvin S374MB fine 9.1 Ammonium perchlorate sodium free 5.1 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0
  • Example 11 tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder.
  • This tracer set represents the slowest burning variant of the four similar tracer sets according to Examples 8 to 11: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 14.0 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 51.0 PVC Solvin S374MB fine 13.0 Ammonium perchlorate sodium free 5.0 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0
  • Examples 8 to 11 show that the burn rate can only be set by means of the chlorine donor, here in particular through the quantitative ratio of PVDC to PVC.
  • Example 12 tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder and strontium peroxide as oxidizer.
  • This example shows that a peroxide can be used as an oxidizer and the tracer set functions as a single-stage tracer set, i.e. no lighting set is required for ignition: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 14.0 Strontium peroxide Sigma-Aldrich 415200 51.0 PVC Solvin S374MB 13.0 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine neue Verwendung von Zirkonium oder eines Gemischs aus Zirkonium und Aluminium.The invention relates to a new use of zirconium or a mixture of zirconium and aluminum.

Aus der DE 22 44 870 ist es bekannt, dass eine pyrotechnische Zündmischung Zirkonium in Verbindung mit einem Oxidationsmittel, wie ein Chlorat oder Perchlorat, enthalten kann.From the DE 22 44 870 it is known that a pyrotechnic ignition mixture can contain zirconium in conjunction with an oxidizing agent such as a chlorate or perchlorate.

Aus der DE 10 2009 041 366 ist ein Flugkörper mit einem pyrotechnischen Satz mit einem Metall oder einer Metalllegierung als Brennstoff und einem Metalloxid als Oxidationsmittel bekannt. Der pyrotechnische Satz zeichnet sich dabei durch eine verhältnismäßig hohe Dichte aus. Das Metall oder die Metalllegierung kann Zirkonium umfassen. Der Flugkörper kann als im Flug durch Abbrand des pyrotechnischen Satzes IR-Strahlung emittierendes Scheinziel ausgebildet sein.From the DE 10 2009 041 366 discloses a missile with a pyrotechnic charge with a metal or a metal alloy as fuel and a metal oxide as oxidizing agent. The pyrotechnic charge is characterized by a relatively high density. The metal or metal alloy can comprise zirconium. The missile can be designed as a decoy that emits IR radiation in flight by burning off the pyrotechnic charge.

Aus den Druckschriften DE 10 2007 019968 A1 und FR 2 471 959 A1 und US 3 634 153 A und DE 24 15 847 C1 und GB 391 195 A und US 3 788 908 A und US 3 370 537 A und US 1 708 186 A sind verschiedene pyrotechnische Zusammensetzungen bekannt, welche bei Anzündsätzen, Leuchtmunition oder Täuschkörpern zum Einsatz kommen.From the pamphlets DE 10 2007 019968 A1 and FR 2 471 959 A1 and U.S. 3,634,153 A and DE 24 15 847 C1 and GB 391 195 A and U.S. 3,788,908 A and U.S. 3,370,537 A and U.S. 1,708,186 A Various pyrotechnic compositions are known which are used in primers, flares or decoys.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine alternative Verwendung für Zirkonium anzugeben.The object of the present invention is to provide an alternative use for zirconium.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 2 bis 5.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Appropriate configurations of the invention emerge from the features of claims 2 to 5.

Erfindungsgemäß Ist die Verwendung von Zirkonium oder eines Zirkonium und Aluminium umfassenden Gemischs als Brennstoff in einem pyrotechnischen Leuchtsatz vorgesehen, wobei der Leuchtsatz ein Oxidationsmittel und ein Bindemittel enthält, wobei das Oxidationsmittel ein Nitrit, ein Chlorat, ein Sulfat oder ein Sauerstoffatome enthaltender organischer Stoff ist, wobei das Bindemittel ein Epoxidharz oder ein Phenolharz ist. Vorzugsweise ist die Verwendung in einem pyrotechnischen Leuchtspursatz vorgesehen. Alternativ kann auch eine Verwendung in einer Leuchtfackel oder in einer Signalrakete vorgesehen sein.According to the invention, zirconium or a mixture comprising zirconium and aluminum is used as fuel in a pyrotechnic flare, the flare containing an oxidizing agent and a binder, the oxidizing agent being a nitrite, a chlorate, a sulfate or an organic substance containing oxygen atoms wherein the binder is an epoxy resin or a phenolic resin. It is preferably used in a pyrotechnic tracer set. Alternatively, use in a flare or in a signal rocket can also be provided.

Die in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung gemachten Aussagen über Leuchtspursätze gelten auch für andere Leuchtsätze. In bisherigen Leuchtspursätzen, wie sie beispielsweise aus der DE 202 12 042 U1 bekannt sind, dient Magnesium als Brennstoff und Lichterzeugungsmittel, da Magnesium beim Abbrand eine sehr hohe Lichtstärke aufweist. Ein großes Problem ist dabei, dass Magnesium mit durch Luftfeuchtigkeit mit dem Magnesium in Kontakt kommendem Wasser reagiert und dabei Wasserstoff freisetzt. Dadurch ist die Lagerfähigkeit von Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen verhältnismäßig gering. Nach einigen Jahren ist eine zuverlässige Funktion nicht mehr gewährleistet. Vorzugsweise enthält der Leuchtspursatz kein Magnesium, Dadurch können die mit Magnesium einhergehenden Nachteile vollständig vermieden werden.The statements made in the following description about tracer sets also apply to other tracer sets. In previous tracer sets, such as those from the DE 202 12 042 U1 are known, magnesium is used as fuel and light generator, since magnesium has a very high light intensity when burned. A major problem here is that magnesium reacts with water that comes into contact with the magnesium due to atmospheric moisture and releases hydrogen in the process. As a result, the shelf life of tracer sets containing magnesium is relatively low. Reliable function is no longer guaranteed after a few years. The tracer set preferably does not contain any magnesium. This means that the disadvantages associated with magnesium can be completely avoided.

In der Feuerwerkstechnik wird teilweise Aluminium für Leuchtsätze eingesetzt. Die Lichtstärke von Aluminium enthaltenden Leuchtsätzen Ist jedoch zu gering, um eine gut sichtbare Leuchtspur zu erzeugen.In fireworks technology, aluminum is sometimes used for flares. However, the luminous intensity of luminous kits containing aluminum is too low to produce a clearly visible tracer.

Die Erfinder der vorliegenden Erfindung haben erkannt, dass Zirkonium zur Verwendung in Leuchtsätzen, insbesondere in Leuchtspursätzen, sehr gut geeignet ist, obwohl Zirkonium enthaltende Leuchtspursätze bezogen auf deren Gewicht eine geringere spezifische Lichtstärke aufweisen als Magnesium enthaltende Leuchtspursätze. Die Erfinder haben jedoch weiterhin erkannt, dass die geringere spezifische Lichtstärke durch das Erzeugen eines größeren Gasvolumens und damit einer größeren Flamme ausgeglichen wird, so dass die strahlende Fläche größer ist als bei Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen. Pro Volumeneinheit gerechnet ist dieser Unterschied geringer, da Zirkonium-Sätze um ca. 30% dichter als Magnesium-Sätze sind.The inventors of the present invention have recognized that zirconium is very well suited for use in luminous sets, in particular in tracer sets, although tracer sets containing zirconium have a lower specific luminous intensity based on their weight than tracer sets containing magnesium. However, the inventors have also recognized that the lower specific light intensity is compensated for by generating a larger gas volume and thus a larger flame, so that the radiating surface is larger than with tracer sets containing magnesium. Calculated per unit of volume, this difference is smaller, since zirconium sets are approx. 30% denser than magnesium sets.

Zirkonium und Zirkonium und Aluminium, ggf. mit einem Stabilisator für Aluminium, enthaltende Leuchtspursätze sind extrem lange lagerbar, ohne dabei ihre Zuverlässigkeit als Leuchtspursatz zu verlieren. Bei der Lagerung erfolgt zumindest keine wesentliche Reaktion mit in Luft enthaltenem Wasser und zumindest keine wesentliche Entstehung von Wasserstoff. Bei dem Stabilisator für Aluminium kann es sich um Borsäure, ein Dichromat, z. B. Kaliumdichromat oder Ammoniumdichromat, Kaliumantimonat oder einen Kunststoff oder Fett zur Beschichtung von Aluminiumpartikeln oder einen sonstigen bekannten Stabilisator für Aluminium handeln. Das Zirkonium, das Aluminium und/oder das Oxidationsmittel können jeweils in Form eines Pulvers oder eines Granulats vorliegen.Tracer sets containing zirconium and zirconium and aluminum, possibly with a stabilizer for aluminum, can be stored for an extremely long time without losing their reliability as tracer sets. During storage, there is at least no substantial reaction with water contained in air and at least no substantial formation of hydrogen. The stabilizer for aluminum can be boric acid, a dichromate, e.g. B. potassium dichromate or ammonium dichromate, potassium antimonate or a plastic or grease for coating aluminum particles or another known stabilizer for aluminum. The zirconium, aluminum and / or the oxidizing agent can each be in the form of a powder or granules.

Beim Abbrand zeigen die Zirkonium- oder die ein Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltenden Sätze eine höhere Farbsättigung als Magnesium als Brennstoff und Lichterzeugungsmittel enthaltende Leuchtspursätze. Mit Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen ist eine Farbsättigung von bis zu etwa 85% möglich während die Zirkonium oder das Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze üblicherweise eine Farbsättigung von 90% bis 95% aufweisen.When burned, the zirconium or the sets containing a zirconium-aluminum mixture show a higher color saturation than magnesium as tracer sets containing fuel and light generating means. With tracer sets containing magnesium, a color saturation of up to about 85% is possible, while the tracer sets containing zirconium or the mixture usually have a color saturation of 90% to 95%.

Darüber hinaus ist die Oberfläche von Zirkonium- und Aluminiumpulver so beschaffen, dass diese Pulver sehr gut rieselfähig sind. Dadurch ist die Mischbarkeit und die Dosierbarkeit beim Herstellen der Zirkonium- oder das Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze besser als beim Herstellen von Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen. Ein weiterer Vorteil gegenüber den Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen ist, dass die Zirkonium oder Zirkonium und Aluminium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze sicherer zu handhaben sind, weil deren mechanische Empfindlichkeit geringer ist.In addition, the surface of zirconium and aluminum powder is designed in such a way that these powders are very free-flowing. As a result, the miscibility and the meterability when producing the zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture containing tracer sets is better than when producing tracer sets containing magnesium. Another advantage over the tracer sets containing magnesium is that the tracer sets containing zirconium or zirconium and aluminum are safer to handle because their mechanical sensitivity is lower.

Die Anzündbarkeit des Zirkonium oder ein Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursatzes ist wesentlich besser als die Anzündbarkeit eines Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursatzes. Zur Zündung wird zwischen einem Anfeuerungssatz und dem Zirkonium oder das Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursatz kein Zwischensatz benötigt, wie dies üblicherweise bei einem Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursatz erforderlich ist. Weiterhin hat es sich gezeigt, dass der Zirkonium oder das Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltende Leuchtspursatz noch nicht einmal einen Anfeuerungssatz zur Zündung benötigt, wenn beispielsweise als Oxidationsmittel ein Peroxid vorgesehen ist. Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Verwendung wird der Leuchtspursatz daher ohne einen Zwischensatz und insbesondere auch ohne einen Anfeuerungssatz gezündet. Darüber hinaus hat es sich gezeigt, dass der Abbrand der Zirkonium oder das Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze besonders gleichmäßig erfolgt, während Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze immer pulsierend brennen und dabei große Lichtstärkeschwankungen aufweisen.The ignitability of the tracer set containing zirconium or a zirconium-aluminum mixture is significantly better than the ignitability of a tracer set containing magnesium. For ignition, no intermediate set is required between a lighting set and the tracer set containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture, as is usually required for a tracer set containing magnesium. Furthermore, it has been shown that the tracer set containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture does not even need a lighting set for ignition if, for example, a peroxide is provided as the oxidizing agent. In a particularly advantageous use, the tracer set is therefore without an intermediate set and especially ignited without a firing kit. In addition, it has been shown that the burn-off of the tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture takes place particularly uniformly, while tracer sets containing magnesium always burn in a pulsating manner and have large fluctuations in light intensity.

Der Leuchtspursatz kann In eine Leuchtspurkapsel eingebracht sein. Die Zirkonium oder das Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch aufweisenden Leuchtspursätze können eine höhere Dichte aufweisen als entsprechende Magnesium enthaltende Leuchtspursätze. In einem vorgegebenen Volumen, beispielsweise in der Leuchtspurkapsel, kann dadurch eine größere Masse des Leuchtspursatzes untergebracht werden. Das Zirkonium oder das Zirkonium und Aluminium umfassende Gemisch bilden vorzugsweise mehr als 50, insbesondere mehr als 75, insbesondere mehr als 85, insbesondere mehr als 90, insbesondere 100, Gewichtsprozent des in dem Leuchtspursatz enthaltenden Brennstoffs.The tracer set can be introduced into a tracer capsule. The tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture can have a higher density than corresponding tracer sets containing magnesium. A larger mass of the tracer set can thereby be accommodated in a given volume, for example in the tracer capsule. The zirconium or the mixture comprising zirconium and aluminum preferably form more than 50, in particular more than 75, in particular more than 85, in particular more than 90, in particular 100, percent by weight of the fuel contained in the tracer set.

Der Leuchtspursatz enthält erfindungsgemäß ein Oxidationsmittel und ein Bindemittel. Das Oxidationsmittel ist ein Nitrit, ein Chlorat, ein Sulfat oder ein Sauerstoffatome enthaltender organischer Stoff. Durch die Wahl eines Oxidationsmittels in dem Leuchtspursatz lässt sich die Abbrandrate variieren. Bei den bisher bekannten Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen ist es dazu erforderlich, auch die Korngröße des Magnesiumpulvers zu variieren. Dadurch kann es zu Schwierigkeiten bezüglich der Anzündbarkeit bei grobkörnigem Magnesiumpulver und zu Schwierigkeiten bei der Handhabbarkeit wegen zu großer Empfindlichkeit bei feinkörnigem Magnesiumpulver kommen. Bei den Zirkonium oder das Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen kann die Abbrandrate ohne Änderung einer Korngröße des Zirkonium- und ggf. Aluminiumpulvers variiert werden.According to the invention, the tracer set contains an oxidizing agent and a binding agent. The oxidizing agent is a nitrite, a chlorate, a sulfate or an organic substance containing oxygen atoms. The burn rate can be varied by choosing an oxidizing agent in the tracer set. With the previously known tracer sets containing magnesium, it is necessary to vary the grain size of the magnesium powder. This can lead to difficulties with regard to ignitability in the case of coarse-grained magnesium powder and difficulties in handling because of excessive sensitivity in the case of fine-grained magnesium powder. In the case of the tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture, the burn rate can be varied without changing the grain size of the zirconium and possibly aluminum powder.

Darüber hinaus hat es sich gezeigt, dass der minimal in einem Leuchtspursatz funktionierende Korndurchmesser bei Zirkonium oder das Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen geringer ist als bei Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen. Dadurch können sehr feinkörnige Metallpulver eingesetzt werden und es ist möglich, kleinere Leuchtspurkapseln zu realisieren als mit den Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen. Selbst beim Einsatz sehr feinkörnigen Zirkonium- und ggf. Aluminiumpulvers sind die Leuchtsätze noch sicher handhabbar, d. h. ausreichend unempfindlich und auch nicht zu schnell brennend. Dadurch ist es möglich, Leuchtspursysteme zu miniaturisieren.In addition, it has been shown that the minimum grain diameter functioning in a tracer set is smaller in tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture than in tracer sets containing magnesium. As a result, very fine-grained metal powders can be used and it is possible to realize smaller tracer capsules than with tracer sets containing magnesium. Even when using very fine-grained zirconium and possibly aluminum powder, the luminous sets can still be safely handled, ie sufficiently insensitive and also not burning too quickly. This makes it possible to miniaturize tracer systems.

Bei dem Bindemittel handelt es sich erfindungsgemäß um ein Epoxidharz oder ein Phenolharz handeln. Durch die Wahl des Bindemittels können beispielsweise die Lichtstärke des beim Abbrand freigesetzten Lichts und die Abbrandrate eingestellt werden. So kann beispielsweise durch Phenolharz eine hohe Abbrandrate und durch Epoxidharz eine um etwa 20% reduzierte Abbrandrate eingestellt werden.According to the invention, the binder is an epoxy resin or a phenolic resin. By choosing the binding agent, for example, the light intensity of the light released during the burn-off and the burn-off rate can be set. For example, a high burn rate can be set with phenolic resin and a burn rate reduced by around 20% with epoxy resin.

Das von den Zirkonium oder das Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen freigesetzte Licht weist eine große Helligkeit auf und entspricht mit einer Farbsättigung von bis zu 95% nahezu monochromatischem Licht. Die mit den Leuchtspursätzen erreichbaren Lichtstärken weisen nahezu dieselbe Größe auf wie die mit Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen erreichbaren Lichtstärken. Damit sind die Zirkonium und ggf. Aluminium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze auch für einen Einsatz in Signalraketen und Leuchtpatronen geeignet.The light released by the tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture has a high level of brightness and, with a color saturation of up to 95%, corresponds to almost monochromatic light. The light intensities that can be achieved with the tracer sets are almost the same size as the light intensities that can be achieved with the tracer sets containing magnesium. The tracer sets containing zirconium and possibly aluminum are thus also suitable for use in signal rockets and flare cartridges.

Magnesium enthaltende Leuchtspursätze zeigen, wenn sie in einer Leuchtspurkapsel eingepresst sind, beim Abbrand nur noch ungefähr ein Drittel ihrer tatsächlichen Leistung, während die Zirkonium oder das Zirkonium-Aluminium-Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze nach dem Einpressen in eine Leuchtspurkapsel noch ca. 70% ihrer tatsächlichen Leistung zeigen. Dies liegt vermutlich zum einen daran, dass der thermische Verlust an das Gehäuse der Leuchtspurkapsel bei den Zirkonium oder das Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen geringer ist als bei den Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätzen. Weiterhin wird durch die größere Flamme die beim Abbrand der Zirkonium oder das Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze entsteht, ein geringerer Anteil der Flamme durch das Gehäuse der Leuchtspurkapsel abgeschirmt. Dadurch weisen die Zirkonium oder das Gemisch enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze beim Abbrand in einer Leuchtspurkapsel nahezu dieselbe Helligkeit auf wie Magnesium enthaltende Leuchtspursätze, obwohl deren auf das Gewicht bezogene spezifische Lichtstärke geringer ist.Tracer sets containing magnesium show, when pressed into a tracer capsule, only about a third of their actual power when burned, while the tracer sets containing zirconium or the zirconium-aluminum mixture still show about 70% of their actual power after being pressed into a tracer capsule demonstrate. This is presumably due on the one hand to the fact that the thermal loss to the housing of the tracer capsule is lower in the case of the tracer sets containing zirconium or the mixture than in the case of the tracer sets containing magnesium. Furthermore, due to the larger flame that arises when the zirconium or the mixture containing tracer sets are burned off, a smaller proportion of the flame is shielded by the housing of the tracer capsule. As a result, the tracer sets containing zirconium or the mixture, when burned in a tracer capsule, have almost the same brightness as tracer sets containing magnesium, although their specific light intensity based on the weight is lower.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und Vergleichen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and comparisons.

Aus sämtlichen der im Folgenden angegebenen Zusammensetzungen wurden jeweils 10 g schwere Leuchtspursätze hergestellt. Dazu wurden die trockenen Komponenten in ein kugelförmiges 250 ml-Mischgefäß aus leitfähigem Kunststoff eingewogen, 5 Gummiwürfel mit einer Kantenlänge von 1 cm dazugegeben und das Gefäß in einem Taumelmischer 1 Stunde lang gemischt. Danach wurde dem Gemisch das jeweils genannte Bindemittel sowie genug Lösemittel zugesetzt, um daraus einen dickflüssigen Teig kneten zu können. Der Teig wurde händisch bis zur Homogenität geknetet. Anschließend wurde solange weitergeknetet, bis das Lösemittel abgedampft war und der Teig brüchig wurde und ein Granulat ergab. Das Granulat wurde im Trockenschrank 1 bis 2 Stunden bei 50°C getrocknet bis es frei von Lösemittel war. Das erhaltene Granulat wurde bei 6,7 kbar Druck in jeweils eine 5 mm Innendurchmesser und einen Innenlänge von 16 mm aufweisende Stahlhülse oder zu einer Tablette gepresst. Darauf wurden jeweils 100 mg Anfeuerungssatz gepresst. Einschließlich des Anfeuerungssatzes betrug die Gesamtsatzhöhe in der Stahlhülse 15 mm. Die so erhaltenen Leuchtspurhülsen wurden unter 200 Hz Drall, d. h. 200 Umdrehungen pro Sekunde, gezündet und die Lichtstärke, Farbsättigung und die farbtongleiche Wellenlänge mittels eines Spektrometers (JAZ-ULM der Firma Ocean Optics Inc.) bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse sind nachfolgend dargestellt.All of the compositions given below were used to produce tracer sets weighing 10 g each. For this purpose, the dry components were weighed into a spherical 250 ml mixing vessel made of conductive plastic, 5 rubber cubes with an edge length of 1 cm were added and the vessel was mixed in a tumble mixer for 1 hour. After that, the mixture was each named binders and enough solvents are added to knead a thick dough from it. The dough was kneaded by hand until homogeneous. The kneading was then continued until the solvent had evaporated and the dough became brittle and resulted in granules. The granulate was dried in a drying cabinet for 1 to 2 hours at 50 ° C. until it was free from solvent. The granules obtained were pressed at 6.7 kbar pressure into a steel sleeve each having an internal diameter of 5 mm and an internal length of 16 mm or to form a tablet. 100 mg of the ignition set were pressed onto each of these. Including the ignition set, the total set height in the steel case was 15 mm. The tracer sleeves obtained in this way were ignited with a twist of 200 Hz, ie 200 revolutions per second, and the light intensity, color saturation and the wavelength of the same color tone were determined by means of a spectrometer (JAZ-ULM from Ocean Optics Inc.). The results are shown below.

Vergleich 1: Magnesium enthaltender Standard-Leuchtspursatz gemäß Alexander P. Hardt, Pyrotechnics, Pyrotechnica Publications, Post Falls, Idaho, USA, 2001, Seite 317, ISBN 0-929388-06-2 ; Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Magnesiumpulver Ecka LNR 61 28,0 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 55,0 PVC Solvin PA806 17,0 Comparison 1: Standard tracer set containing magnesium according to Alexander P. Hardt, Pyrotechnics, Pyrotechnica Publications, Post Falls, Idaho, USA, 2001, page 317, ISBN 0-929388-06-2 ; material Type Weight percent Magnesium powder Ecka LNR 61 28.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 55.0 PVC Solvin PA806 17.0

Vergleich 2: Magnesium enthaltender Leuchtspursatz, auf maximale Farbsättigung optimiert: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Magnesiumpulver Ecka LNR 61 28,0 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 49,0 PVC Solvin PA806 22,0 Comparison 2: tracer set containing magnesium, optimized for maximum color saturation: material Type Weight percent Magnesium powder Ecka LNR 61 28.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 49.0 PVC Solvin PA806 22.0

Vergleich 3: Magnesium enthaltender Leuchtspursatz, auf maximale Lichtstärke optimiert: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Magnesiumpulver Ecka LNR 61 34,0 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 52,0 PVC Solvin PA806 14,0 Comparison 3: tracer set containing magnesium, optimized for maximum light intensity: material Type Weight percent Magnesium powder Ecka LNR 61 34.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 52.0 PVC Solvin PA806 14.0

Vergleich 4: Magnesium enthaltender Leuchtspursatz, auf maximale Farbsättigung und langsameren Abbrand optimiert: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Magnesium PF 05/97 20,0 Magnesium Ecka LNR 61 6,0 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 50,0 PVDC Solvin PA806 fein 14,0 Epoxidharz Delo Monopox AD 066 10,0 Comparison 4: tracer set containing magnesium, optimized for maximum color saturation and slower burn-off: material Type Weight percent magnesium PF 05/97 20.0 magnesium Ecka LNR 61 6.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 50.0 PVDC Solvin PA806 fine 14.0 Epoxy resin Delo Monopox AD 066 10.0

Vergleich 5: Leuchtspursatz gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung auf Basis von Zirkonium, auf maximale Lichtstärke mittels eines Bindemittels optimiert: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Zirkonium Chemetall Typ GH 44,0 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 45,0 PVDC Solvin PA806 8,0 Polychloropren Macroplast 3,0 Comparison 5: tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium, optimized for maximum light intensity by means of a binder: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 44.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 45.0 PVDC Solvin PA806 8.0 Polychloroprene Macroplast 3.0

Beispiel 6: Leuchtspursatz gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung auf Basis von Zirkonium, auf maximale Farbsättigung mittels eines Bindemittels optimiert: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Zirkonium Svenska kemi <80 µm 39,0 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 46,0 PVDC Solvin PA806 11,0 Phenolharz Durez 33005 4,0 Example 6: tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder: material Type Weight percent zirconium Svenska kemi <80 µm 39.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 46.0 PVDC Solvin PA806 11.0 Phenolic resin Durez 33005 4.0

Beispiel 7: Leuchtspursatz gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung auf Basis von Zirkonium und Aluminium, auf maximale Farbsättigung mittels eines Bindemittels optimiert: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Zirkonium Chemetall Typ GH 19,0 Aluminium Ecka Pyro TL III 10,0 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 52,0 PVDC Solvin PA806 14,0 Epoxidharz Delo-Monopox AD066 5,0 Example 7: Set of traces according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 19.0 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 52.0 PVDC Solvin PA806 14.0 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 5.0

Beispiel 8: Leuchtspursatz gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung auf Basis von Zirkonium und Aluminium, auf maximale Farbsättigung mittels eines Bindemittels optimiert. Dieser Leuchtspursatz repräsentiert die am schnellsten abbrennende Variante der vier gleichartigen Leuchtspursätze gemäß der Beispiele 8 bis 11: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Zirkonium Chemetall Typ GH 17,2 Aluminium Ecka Pyro TL III 10,1 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 48,5 PVDC Solvin PA806 9,1 PVC Solvin S374MB fein 3,0 Ammoniumperchlorat natriumfrei 5,1 Epoxidharz Delo-Monopox AD066 7,0 Example 8: tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder. This tracer set represents the fastest burning variant of the four similar tracer sets according to Examples 8 to 11: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 17.2 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.1 Strontium nitrate finely ground 48.5 PVDC Solvin PA806 9.1 PVC Solvin S374MB fine 3.0 Ammonium perchlorate sodium free 5.1 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0

Beispiel 9: Leuchtspursatz gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung auf Basis von Zirkonium und Aluminium, auf maximale Farbsättigung mittels eines Bindemittels optimiert. Dieser Leuchtspursatz repräsentiert die am zweitschnellsten abbrennende Variante der vier gleichartigen Leuchtspursätze gemäß der Beispiele 8 bis 11: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Zirkonium Chemetall Typ GH 17,0 Aluminium Ecka Pyro TL III 10,0 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 49,0 PVDC Solvin PA806 6,0 PVC Solvin S374MB fein 6,0 Ammoniumperchlorat natriumfrei 5,0 Epoxidharz Delo-Monopox AD066 7,0 Example 9: tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder. This tracer set represents the second fastest burning variant of the four similar tracer sets according to Examples 8 to 11: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 17.0 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 49.0 PVDC Solvin PA806 6.0 PVC Solvin S374MB fine 6.0 Ammonium perchlorate sodium free 5.0 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0

Beispiel 10: Leuchtspursatz gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung auf Basis von Zirkonium und Aluminium, auf maximale Farbsättigung mittels eines Bindemittels optimiert. Dieser Leuchtspursatz repräsentiert die am zweitlangsamsten abbrennende Variante der vier gleichartigen Leuchtspursätze gemäß der Beispiele 8 bis 11: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Zirkonium Chemetall Typ GH 16,2 Aluminium Ecka Pyro TL III 10,1 Strontiumnitrat fein gemahlen 49,5 PVDC Solvin PA806 3,0 PVC Solvin S374MB fein 9,1 Ammoniumperchlorat natriumfrei 5,1 Epoxidharz Delo-Monopox AD066 7,0 Example 10: Tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder. This tracer set represents the second slowest burning variant of the four similar tracer sets according to Examples 8 to 11: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 16.2 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.1 Strontium nitrate finely ground 49.5 PVDC Solvin PA806 3.0 PVC Solvin S374MB fine 9.1 Ammonium perchlorate sodium free 5.1 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0

Beispiel 11: Leuchtspursatz gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung auf Basis von Zirkonium und Aluminium, auf maximale Farbsättigung mittels eines Bindemittels optimiert. Dieser Leuchtspursatz repräsentiert die am langsamsten abbrennende Variante der vier gleichartigen Leuchtspursätze gemäß der Beispiele 8 bis 11: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Zirkonium Chemetall Typ GH 14,0 Aluminium Ecka Pyro TL III 10,0 Strontium nitrat fein gemahlen 51,0 PVC Solvin S374MB fein 13,0 Ammoniumperchlorat natriumfrei 5,0 Epoxidharz Delo-Monopox AD066 7,0 Example 11: tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder. This tracer set represents the slowest burning variant of the four similar tracer sets according to Examples 8 to 11: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 14.0 aluminum Ecka Pyro TL III 10.0 Strontium nitrate finely ground 51.0 PVC Solvin S374MB fine 13.0 Ammonium perchlorate sodium free 5.0 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0

Die Beispiele 8 bis 11 zeigen, dass die Abbrandrate nur mittels des Chlordonors, hier Insbesondere durch das Mengenverhältnis von PVDC zu PVC, eingestellt werden kann.Examples 8 to 11 show that the burn rate can only be set by means of the chlorine donor, here in particular through the quantitative ratio of PVDC to PVC.

Beispiel 12: Leuchtspursatz gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung auf Basis von Zirkonium und Aluminium, auf maximale Farbsättigung mittels eines Bindemittels und Strontiumperoxid als Oxidator optimiert. Dieses Beispiel zeigt, dass ein Peroxid als Oxidator eingesetzt werden kann und der Leuchtspursatz dadurch als einstufiger Leuchtspursatz funktioniert, d. h. zur Zündung keinen Anfeuerungssatz benötigt: Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent Zirkonium Chemetall Typ GH 14,0 Strontium peroxid Sigma-Aldrich 415200 51,0 PVC Solvin S374MB 13,0 Epoxidharz Delo-Monopox AD066 7,0 Example 12: tracer set according to the use according to the invention based on zirconium and aluminum, optimized for maximum color saturation by means of a binder and strontium peroxide as oxidizer. This example shows that a peroxide can be used as an oxidizer and the tracer set functions as a single-stage tracer set, i.e. no lighting set is required for ignition: material Type Weight percent zirconium Chemetall type GH 14.0 Strontium peroxide Sigma-Aldrich 415200 51.0 PVC Solvin S374MB 13.0 Epoxy resin Delo-Monopox AD066 7.0

Die spezifischen Leistungsdaten und thermodynamischen Kenndaten sind in den Tabellen 1 und 2 angegeben. Es ist zu beachten, dass die Umgebung beim Abbrand von aus den Leuchtspursätzen gepressten Tabletten sehr stark die Lichtstärke beeinflussen kann. So haben die bekannten Magnesium enthaltenden Leuchtspursätze als freie Tablette die drei- bis vierfache Leistung gegenüber demselben Leuchtspursatz in einer Leuchtspurhülse. Auch der Drall (200 Hz) reduziert die Lichtstärke. In den Tabellen sind die Messbedingungen jeweils in der letzten Spalte angegeben. Bei dem Zukaufteil handelte es sich um eine als Referenz dienende gewerblich erhältliche magnesiumbasierte Leuchtspurhülse in der gleichen Größe wie die anderen Leuchtspurhülsen.The specific performance data and thermodynamic characteristics are given in Tables 1 and 2. It should be noted that the surroundings can have a very strong influence on the light intensity when tablets pressed from the tracer sets are burned off. The well-known tracer sets containing magnesium, as free tablets, have three to four times the power compared to the same tracer set in a tracer tube. The twist (200 Hz) also reduces the light intensity. The measurement conditions are given in the last column of the tables. The purchased part was a commercially available magnesium-based tracer sleeve that was used as a reference and was the same size as the other tracer sleeves.

Die verwendeten Optimierungskriterien sind:

  1. 1. Literatursatz als Referenz
  2. 2. ([SrCl]+[SrOH]) maximiert (Totalfarbgeber)
  3. 3. ([SrCl]+[SrOH])/[Feststoffe] maximiert (Totalverhältnis)
  4. 4. Temperatur maximiert
  5. 5. ([SrCl]) maximiert (Hauptfarbgeber)
  6. 6. ([SrCl]/[Feststoffe]) maximiert (Hauptverhältnis)
  7. 7. ([SrCl]/[Feststoffe]+[SrCl]) maximiert (Mischverhältnis) (dabei wurde der Zahlenwert von [SrCl]/[Feststoffe] mit einem solchen Faktor multipliziert, dass dieser Zahlenwert dieselbe Größenordnung wie der Zahlenwert für [SrCl] aufweist)
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 The optimization criteria used are:
  1. 1. Literature sentence for reference
  2. 2. ([SrCl] + [SrOH]) maximized (total color donor)
  3. 3. ([SrCl] + [SrOH]) / [solids] maximized (total ratio)
  4. 4. Temperature maximized
  5. 5. ([SrCl]) maximized (main color donor)
  6. 6. ([SrCl] / [solids]) maximized (main ratio)
  7. 7. ([SrCl] / [solids] + [SrCl]) maximized (mixing ratio) (the numerical value of [SrCl] / [solids] was multiplied by such a factor that this numerical value has the same order of magnitude as the numerical value for [SrCl] having)
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Claims (6)

  1. Use of zirconium or a mixture comprising zirconium and aluminium as fuel in a pyrotechnic flare charge,
    wherein the flare charge comprises an oxidizer and a binder,
    wherein the oxidizer is a nitrite, a chlorate, a sulphate or an organic compound comprising oxygen atoms,
    wherein the binder is an epoxy resin or a phenolic resin.
  2. Use according to Claim 1,
    wherein the flare charge contains no magnesium.
  3. Use according to either of the preceding claims,
    wherein the zirconium or the mixture forms more than 90, more particularly 100, percent by weight of the total fuel present in the flare charge.
  4. Use according to any of the preceding claims,
    wherein the flare charge is a tracer charge and the tracer charge has been introduced into a tracer capsule.
  5. Use according to any of the preceding claims,
    wherein the flare charge is ignited without an intermediate charge and also in particular without a firing charge.
  6. Use according to any of the preceding claims,
    wherein the zirconium, the aluminium and/or the oxidizer are each present in the form of a powder or granules.
EP12006902.6A 2011-10-21 2012-10-05 Use of zirconium or a mixture containing zirconium Active EP2592060B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1708186A (en) * 1924-05-21 1929-04-09 Sterner St P Meek Tracer composition
GB391195A (en) * 1931-10-21 1933-04-21 Stanley Hector Lucas Improvements in and relating to light producing ignitable compositions
US3370537A (en) * 1965-07-22 1968-02-27 Mine Safety Appliances Co Castable pyrotechnic composition comprising metal nitrates or chlorates and finely divided metal
US3634153A (en) * 1970-02-03 1972-01-11 Us Army Noncorrosive pyrotechnic composition
BE788847A (en) 1971-09-17 1973-01-02 United Aircraft Corp DETONATOR MIX
US3788908A (en) * 1972-09-07 1974-01-29 Ethyl Corp Tracer incendiary composition of alkylaluminum,inorganic oxidizer,and zirconium
DE2415847C1 (en) * 1974-04-02 1985-12-05 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Colored tracer set for small caliber ammunition
FR2471959A1 (en) * 1979-12-19 1981-06-26 France Etat Castable, lighting, pyrotechnic compsn. - comprising inorganic oxidant, pref. magnesium powder and aminoplast or phenoplast resin binder
WO1987000263A1 (en) 1985-07-10 1987-01-15 Lsi Technologies, Inc. Tracer ammunition
DE20212042U1 (en) 2002-08-06 2003-12-11 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Tracer body for a bullet comprises a light flare composition and a firing assembly for the composition inserted into a housing casing
DE102007019968A1 (en) 2007-04-27 2008-10-30 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Pyrotechnic kit comprises one or multiple components as bonding agent, which are selected from trinitrotoluene, trinitroanisol or dinitroanisol, and oxidant is also provided
DE102009041366A1 (en) 2009-09-11 2011-05-26 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Missile with a pyrotechnic set

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