EP2531302B1 - Device and method for producing a fine-grained fuel by drying and impact crushing - Google Patents

Device and method for producing a fine-grained fuel by drying and impact crushing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2531302B1
EP2531302B1 EP11705431.2A EP11705431A EP2531302B1 EP 2531302 B1 EP2531302 B1 EP 2531302B1 EP 11705431 A EP11705431 A EP 11705431A EP 2531302 B1 EP2531302 B1 EP 2531302B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
impact
reactor
impact reactor
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP11705431.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2531302A2 (en
Inventor
Ralf Abraham
Stefan Hamel
Ralf Schäfer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Proactor Schutzrechtsverwaltungs GmbH
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Uhde GmbH
Proactor Schutzrechtsverwaltungs GmbH
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Priority to PL11705431T priority Critical patent/PL2531302T3/en
Publication of EP2531302A2 publication Critical patent/EP2531302A2/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/288—Ventilating, or influencing air circulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/26—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone characterised by point of gas entry or exit or by gas flow path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the thermal and mechanical pretreatment substances which may also be present in pasty or viscous form and are referred to below as solid or pasty energy resources, including, for example, biogenic and other highly reactive fuels, fossil fuels and residues, in a baffle reactor.
  • solid or pasty energy resources including, for example, biogenic and other highly reactive fuels, fossil fuels and residues, in a baffle reactor.
  • solids and liquid fractions are mixed together, examples of which are sewage sludge and industrial residues, either on an aqueous basis or on the basis of solvents or energy-containing liquids, such as lubricants.
  • the expansion of the use of renewable energy sources and the recycling of waste and residual materials is the goal worldwide, with an energy or material use being targeted.
  • the material use is made possible by the thermal gasification.
  • the synthesis gas thus produced is the feedstock for downstream chemical syntheses, such as for Fischer-Tropsch, methanol or ammonia synthesis.
  • this particle size can also be significantly greater, depending on the process parameters, and it is also advantageous to reduce the moisture content.
  • energy raw materials such as biomass
  • biogenic residues and waste due to the often tough and fibrous structure such pretreatments according to conventional prior art can be achieved only with high energy and equipment costs.
  • an impingement reactor and method of providing an end product as a fuel comprising reactor housing with rotor and hammer elements; a conduit for blowing in the air or an inert gas centrally into the grinding chamber for the transport of the fine fraction; a screw conveyor, a closure mechanism to the feed opening, a vertical sluice for feeding the feedstock, as well as screen surfaces on a cylindrical periphery of the reactor housing through which fragments of the shredded feedstock can leave the machine side.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device with simplified apparatus and a more energy-saving method available, with which the drying and comminution can be done in an apparatus, wherein the solid or pasty energy raw materials are pretreated so that they for an entrainment gasification without further Measures are operational.
  • the invention achieves the object by means of a device according to claims 1-10.
  • the invention is characterized in that narrow gaps and cutting elements are not required, whereby the crushing process has little effect on the wear of the material.
  • FIG. 1 Further embodiments of the device relate to the hot-drying gas supply device in the bottom region of the impact reactor, wherein large amounts of drying gas are to be introduced.
  • the holes are made inclined in the radial direction and that the bores are aligned tangentially to the direction of rotation of the baffle elements.
  • the outlet direction of the holes can be aligned with or against the direction of rotation of the rotor of Praiireaktors.
  • the more technically favorable solution depends on the interaction of the properties of the material to be comminuted and the geometrical configurations of the rotor and the impact elements and the mode of operation of the rotor, e.g. the speed and the resulting influence on the local flow processes, from.
  • hot drying gas may be added in the bottom region of the impingement reactor through slot-shaped openings distributed over the circumference.
  • the slots may also have a radial inclination.
  • the slots can also be formed by overlapping mounting of floor panels.
  • drying gas is fed together with the energy raw materials through its supply device into the reactor. It is important to ensure that the drying gas is introduced sufficiently cool into the feeder.
  • a drying of the outer surface of the energy raw materials especially in the case of solid energy resources, causes, which leads to improved conveyability and significantly reduces the tendency to stick.
  • the passage of the drying gas can be carried out both in countercurrent and in direct current.
  • the supply device is heated indirectly. Due to the drying effect, the drying gas cools during passage through the feeder. The heating counteracts this cooling. For heating, the hot drying gas can be used, which itself cools and then passed through the feeder.
  • the drying gas can be freely introduced into the baffle reactor. It is advantageous in this case if the energy raw materials and the drying gas are passed in co-current through the screw conveyor. With a Zellenradscheuse, which connects the silo with the screw conveyor, a backflow into the silo can be prevented.
  • All types of feed for drying gas can also be used additive. It is thus possible to introduce drying gas both via the labyrinth seal, as well as the feed device for energy resources, as well as holes and slots in the bottom region of the baffle reactor in the baffle reactor and thus process technology to respond to a variety of raw materials, which is an advantage of the invention.
  • a suitable impact reactor is, for example, in the DE 196 00 482 A1 described.
  • this apparatus is capable of treating biomass, such as straw or green waste, in the same way as the plastic fractions described therein.
  • biomass such as straw or green waste
  • To improve the mode of action can also devices, as in the application DE 10 2005 055 620 A1 described, meaningfully used.
  • drying and comminution take place simultaneously in the present invention results in synergy effects, both of which obtain advantages.
  • simultaneous treatment in the invention takes place after entry of the coarse particles, a rapid superficial drying and by the further particle heating takes place, from outside to inside, a drying also from the particle exterior to the particle interior instead.
  • the particle size is maintained during drying (for example drum dryers or belt dryers for biomass)
  • comminution by the baffle effect takes place at the same time.
  • the already partially dried outer particle layers are preferably cut off on contact with the baffle elements. The remaining, not yet completely dried particle core is thereby exposed again and is again exposed to the full heat transfer at the same time reduced size.
  • the continuous shredding and simultaneous heating significantly reduces the total drying time.
  • the expenditure on equipment of the usual treatment chain is significantly reduced and at the same time the required specific time requirement is also reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows Fig. 1 the device within a circulatory operation and Fig. 2 a detail in the rotor shaft of the baffle reactor.
  • the biomass 2 is conveyed via the rotary feeder 3 and the screw conveyor 4 in the impingement reactor 5. There it is crushed by means of the rotor 7.
  • drying gas 8a is supplied via a labyrinth seal and drying gas 8b via bottom openings.
  • the comminuted and dried particles 11 are withdrawn via a separator 6, which is preferably a motor-operated rotary separator, with the gas stream 9 from the impingement reactor 5 and into the particle separator 10, shown here as a filtering separator. Another withdrawal takes place through the side outlet 6a, wherein the withdrawn gas 9a is also passed to the particle separator 10.
  • the size of the particles exiting with the gas stream 9 can be adjusted by the use of the classifier 6. It may also be advantageous to dispense with the motor-driven rotary separator and to use screens or perforated plates, by which the particle size of the solids contained in the gas stream 9 can be influenced.
  • the target particle size of the dried particles 11 is defined by various requirements of the gasification or incineration plant. These are e.g. Requirements for the interaction of reactivity and particle size, on the conveying properties or further, thus may be advantageous for different starting materials, a different particle size or particle size distribution. Therefore, different methods for pre-separation such as sifters or sieves are useful. Depending on the desired particle size, a mass separator or a cyclone separator may be used sensibly as a particle separator 10.
  • the dried particles 11 are separated and discharged by means of the rotary valve 12 in the storage tank 13.
  • the cleaning of the P sieabscheiders 10 is preferably done by means of nitrogen 14.
  • the cleaning of the P sieabscheiders 10 may also be a cleaning with other inert gases or with carbon dioxide, air or oxygen-depleted air.
  • the recycle gas 15, which is obtained from the Pumbleabscheider 10 is clean and contains only small amounts of dust and can the chimney 16 be discharged.
  • a partial flow 17 is previously branched off, and mixed by means of the blower 18 with hot gas, which is obtained from the burner 19 from air 20 and fuel gas 21.
  • the resulting drying gas 22 is added with dilution gas 23 added to the impact reactor 5.
  • drying gas 8a is divided as a drying gas 8a via a labyrinth seal and drying gas 8b via bottom openings as described above as passed into the bottom area of the baffle reactor 5 and also as drying gas 8c in the screw conveyor 4, through which it also enters the baffle reactor 5.
  • the screw conveyor 4 is indirectly heated via a heating medium with Kleinstoffzulauf 24 and Schuffenschreibmoor 25.
  • FIG. 2 a fragmentary detailed view of the baffle reactor 5 in the region of the rotor shaft 34 is shown, via which the rotor 7 is driven by a motor not shown in detail.
  • a rotor receptacle 35 located at the front end of the rotor shaft 34 has a rotor receptacle 35, in the underside of a circumferential recess or groove 36 is introduced, for example, has a rectangular cross-section.
  • a circumferential recess 36 extends from below a circumferential projection 37, which is preferably arranged on the bottom plate 38 of the baffle reactor 5.
  • the projection 37 has a width which is smaller than the width of the recess 36, and does not extend completely with its top to the bottom of the recess, so that between the outer surface of the projection 37 and the inner surface of the recess 36, a labyrinth seal 33rd with a labyrinth passage 33a is formed, through which the full amount of the drying gas (8a + 8b) or a subset (8a) or other gas in the interior of the baffle reactor 5 is introduced.
  • the labyrinth passage may have a width in the range of 2mm to 20mm.
  • the labyrinth seal 33 seen to improve the sealing effect in the radial direction may also have two or more projections 37 which extend into corresponding recesses 36, which are adapted in shape to the shape of the projections.
  • the supply of the drying gas 8a via the labyrinth seal 33 is preferably carried out by one or more below the bottom plate 38 arranged in the waveguide 39 holes 40 along the direction indicated by the arrows 8a supply path.
  • This first extends in the direction of the rotor shaft 34, ie the center of rotation of the rotor 7, then substantially parallel to the rotor shaft or axis of rotation of the rotor 7 in the upward direction and then above the Bottom plate 38 again in the opposite direction through the labyrinth passage 33a through radially outward from the center of rotation of the baffle reactor 5 away, resulting in a particularly efficient sealing and distribution of the drying gas inside the reactor.
  • This can be further improved by the use of one or more, the labyrinth passage 33a fluidly downstream Schleuderolinn 41.
  • the supply of the further drying gas 8b takes place through one or more openings 42 located in the bottom plate 38.
  • These openings 42 can be embodied as a plurality of bores over the circumference or as one or more slots. It is also conceivable to provide oblique bores in order to impart to the gas 8b, as it flows into the impingement reactor 5, a flow direction advantageous in terms of process technology.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A device and method for producing a fine-grained fuel, in particular from solid, paste-like or aqueous energy feed stocks, by drying and crushing, including an impact reactor having a rotor and impact elements, a labyrinth seal in the region of the rotor shaft of the impact reactor, a device for feeding hot drying gas through the labyrinth seal into the impact reactor and at least one further feed device for hot drying gas in the bottom region of the impact reactor, a feed device for solid or paste-like energy feed stocks in the top region of the impact reactor, at least one extractor device for a gas flow containing crushed and dried energy feedstock particles, and a device for separating and extracting crushed and dried energy feed stock particles from the gas flow extracted from the impact reactor.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die thermische und mechanische Vorbehandlung Stoffen, die auch in pastöser oder zähfließender Form vorliegen können und im folgenden als feste oder pastöse Energierohstoffe bezeichnet werden, wozu zum Beispiel biogene und andere hochreaktive Brennstoffe, fossile Brennstoffe und Reststoffe zählen, in einem Prallreaktor. Als pastös werden hierbei alle Stoffe verstanden, in denen Feststoffe und flüssige Anteile miteinander vermengt sind, Beispiele hierfür sind Klärschlämme und Industrierückstände, entweder auf wässriger Basis oder auf der Basis von Lösungsmitteln oder energiehaltigen Flüssigkeiten, etwa Öl- und Schmierstoffen.The invention relates to the thermal and mechanical pretreatment substances which may also be present in pasty or viscous form and are referred to below as solid or pasty energy resources, including, for example, biogenic and other highly reactive fuels, fossil fuels and residues, in a baffle reactor. As pasty all substances are understood here, in which solids and liquid fractions are mixed together, examples of which are sewage sludge and industrial residues, either on an aqueous basis or on the basis of solvents or energy-containing liquids, such as lubricants.

Der Ausbau der Nutzung von regenerativen Energieträgern und die Verwertung von Abfällen und Reststoffen wird weltweit angestrebt, wobei auf eine energetische oder stoffliche Nutzung abgezielt wird. Im Rahmen der energetischen Verwertung der oben genannten Einsatzstoffe bietet sich beispielsweise die Mitverbrennung in bestehenden Feuerungsanlagen an oder die Monoverbrennung in eigens dafür vorgesehenen und ausgelegten Anlagen. Die stoffliche Nutzung dagegen wird durch die thermische Vergasung ermöglicht. Das so erzeugte Synthesegas stellt den Einsatzstoff für nachgeschaltete chemische Synthesen dar, wie beispielsweise für Fischer-Tropsch-, Methanol- oder Ammoniaksynthese.The expansion of the use of renewable energy sources and the recycling of waste and residual materials is the goal worldwide, with an energy or material use being targeted. As part of the energy recovery of the above-mentioned starting materials, for example, the co-combustion in existing combustion plants or the mono-combustion in specially designed and designed facilities. In contrast, the material use is made possible by the thermal gasification. The synthesis gas thus produced is the feedstock for downstream chemical syntheses, such as for Fischer-Tropsch, methanol or ammonia synthesis.

Sowohl im Falle der Verbrennungstechnik als auch im Falle der Vergasungstechnik werden aufgrund der spezifischen Kosten möglichst große Anlagenkapazitäten angestrebt. Dies bedeutet, dass meist die Flugstromverfahren zur Anwendung kommen. Kennzeichen der Flugstromverfahren ist, dass die Brennstoffe auf eine pneumatisch förderbare Partikelgröße zerkleinert werden müssen, um Staubbrenner betreiben zu können. Typische Korngrößen liegen für Steinkohlen z.B. im Bereich < 100 Mikrometer.Both in the case of combustion technology and in the case of gasification technology, the largest possible plant capacities are sought on account of the specific costs. This means that most of the flight flow procedures are used. Characteristics of the air flow method is that the fuel must be reduced to a pneumatically conveyable particle size in order to operate dust burner can. Typical grain sizes are for hard coal e.g. in the range <100 microns.

Für andere Brennstoffe wie reaktive Biomassen kann diese Partikelgröße je nach Verfahrensparameter auch erheblich größer ausfallen, außerdem ist eine Reduzierung des Feuchtegehalts vorteilhaft. Bei Energierohstoffen wie Biomassen, biogenen Reststoffen und Abfällen sind aufgrund der oftmals zähen und faserigen Struktur solche Vorbehandlungen nach herkömmlichem Stand der Technik nur unter hohem Energie- und Apparateaufwand zu erreichen.For other fuels, such as reactive biomass, this particle size can also be significantly greater, depending on the process parameters, and it is also advantageous to reduce the moisture content. In energy raw materials such as biomass, biogenic residues and waste due to the often tough and fibrous structure such pretreatments according to conventional prior art can be achieved only with high energy and equipment costs.

Zum Beispiel wird in Kaltschmitt et al.: "Energie aus Biomasse", ISBN 978-3-540-85094-6, 2009, Seiten 814 ff , der Stand der Technik der Biomassetrocknung beschrieben. Neben den klassischen natürlichen Trocknungs- und Belüftungsmethoden werden als technische Trocknungsvorrichtungen, in denen eine Förderung des zu trocknenden Gutes erfolgt, der Schubwendetrockner, Bandtrockner und Drehrohrtrockner aufgeführt. Diesen genannten Vorrichtungen ist gemeinsam, dass keine Zerkleinerung der Partikel erfolgt.For example, in Kaltschmitt et al .: "Energy from biomass", ISBN 978-3-540-85094-6, 2009, pages 814 ff describing the state of the art of biomass drying. In addition to the classic natural drying and aeration methods are listed as technical drying devices in which a promotion of the goods to be dried, the push turn dryer, belt dryer and rotary dryer. These mentioned devices have in common that no comminution of the particles takes place.

Aus der Kohleaufbereitung und auch aus der Mineralstoffaufbereitung sind auch eine Reihe von Verfahren bekannt, die eine Trocknung und Zerkleinerung gleichzeitig durchführen können. Dazu zählen unter anderen Walzenschüsselmühlen, Schlagradmühlen, Kugelmühlen. Diese Mahltrocknungsvorrichtungen sind jedoch bekannt dafür, dass eine Zerkleinerung von Biomassen aufgrund der faserigen und zähen Struktur nur bedingt bis gar nicht möglich ist und nach derzeitigem Erfahrungsstand keineswegs zu einem staubförmigen Produkt führt, wie es erforderlich wäre. Stattdessen müssen z.B. Schneidmühlen oder Hammermühlen eingesetzt werden. Erstere Klasse der Schneidmühlen erfordern scharfe Schneidwerkzeuge und entsprechend kleine Spalte, um einen Schneidvorgang zu ermöglichen. Das heißt, dass ein extrem hoher Verschleiß stattfindet und zugleich eine hohe Anfälligkeit gegenüber Störstoffen, vorliegt. Zweitere Klasse der Hammermühlen sind durch einen vergleichsweise hohen mechanischen Zerkleinerungsaufwand gekennzeichnet.From the coal preparation and also from mineral processing, a number of methods are known which can perform a drying and comminution simultaneously. These include, among others, roller mills, beater mills, ball mills. These Mahltrocknungsvorrichtungen are known, however, that a comminution of biomass due to the fibrous and viscous structure only limited to not possible and according to current experience by no means leads to a dusty product, as it would be required. Instead, for example, Cutting mills or hammer mills are used. The former class of granulators require sharp cutting tools and correspondingly small gaps to allow a cutting operation. This means that an extremely high level of wear takes place and at the same time there is a high susceptibility to contaminants. Second class of hammer mills are characterized by a relatively high mechanical crushing effort.

Aus dem Recyclinggebiet nach EP1616625 ist ein Prallreaktor und Verfahren zur Bereitstellung eines Endprodukts als Brennstoff verwendbar umfassend Reaktorgehäuse mit Rotor und Hammerelemente; eine Leitung für das Einblassen der Luft oder eines Inertgases zentral in den Mahlraum für den Transport der Feinfraktion; eine Förderschnecke, ein Verschlussmechanismus zur Einspeiseöffnung, eine Vertikalschleuse zur Einspeisung des Einsatzgutes, sowie Siebflächen an einer zylindrischen Peripherie des Reaktorgehäuses durch welche Fragmente des zerkleinerten Einsatzguts die Maschine seitlich verlassen können.From the recycling area EP1616625 For example, an impingement reactor and method of providing an end product as a fuel may be used, comprising reactor housing with rotor and hammer elements; a conduit for blowing in the air or an inert gas centrally into the grinding chamber for the transport of the fine fraction; a screw conveyor, a closure mechanism to the feed opening, a vertical sluice for feeding the feedstock, as well as screen surfaces on a cylindrical periphery of the reactor housing through which fragments of the shredded feedstock can leave the machine side.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine apparativ vereinfachte Vorrichtung und ein energiesparenderes Verfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem die Trocknung und Zerkleinerung in einem Apparat erfolgen kann, wobei die festen oder pastösen Energierohstoffe so vorbehandelt werden, dass sie für eine Flugstromvergasung ohne weitere Maßnahmen einsatzfähig sind.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device with simplified apparatus and a more energy-saving method available, with which the drying and comminution can be done in an apparatus, wherein the solid or pasty energy raw materials are pretreated so that they for an entrainment gasification without further Measures are operational.

Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe mittels einer Vorrichtung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1-10.
Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass enge Spalten und schneidende Elemente nicht erforderlich sind, wodurch der Zerkleinerungsvorgang kaum Einfluss auf den Materialverschleiß hat.The invention achieves the object by means of a device according to claims 1-10.
The invention is characterized in that narrow gaps and cutting elements are not required, whereby the crushing process has little effect on the wear of the material.

In Ausgestaltungen der Vorrichtung wird vorgesehen, dass verschiedene Fraktionen unterschiedlicher Korngrößen aus dem Prallreaktor abgezogen werden können, indem als Abzugsvorrichtung für zerkleinerte und getrocknete Energierohstoffpartikel Abweiseradsichter oder Seitensiebe oder beides vorgesehen werden. Durch unterschiedliche Gestaltung und Maschenweiten lassen sich auf diese Weise verschiedene Kornfraktionen abscheiden.In embodiments of the device, it is provided that different fractions of different particle sizes can be withdrawn from the impact reactor by providing Abweiseradsichter or side screens or both as a take-off device for comminuted and dried energy raw material particles. By different design and mesh sizes can be deposited in this way different grain fractions.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Vorrichtung betreffen die Zuführungsvorrichtung für heißes Trocknungsgas im Bodenbereich des Prallreaktors, wobei große Mengen an Trocknungsgas einzubringen sind. Hierzu werden über den Umfang verteilte Bohrungen vorgesehen. Weiterhin kann vorgesehen werden, dass die Bohrungen in radialer Richtung geneigt ausgeführt werden und dass die Bohrungen tangential zur Umlaufrichtung der Prallelemente ausgerichtet sind. Dabei kann die Auslassrichtung der Bohrungen mit oder entgegen der Drehrichtung des Rotors des Praiireaktors ausgerichtet sein. Die verfahrenstechnisch günstigere Lösung hängt vom Zusammenwirken der Eigenschaften des zu zerkleinernden Guts und den geometrischen Gestaltungen des Rotors und der Prallelemente und der Betriebsweise des Rotors, also z.B. der Drehzahl und des daraus resultierenden Einflusses auf die lokalen Strömungsvorgänge, ab.Further embodiments of the device relate to the hot-drying gas supply device in the bottom region of the impact reactor, wherein large amounts of drying gas are to be introduced. For this purpose, distributed over the circumference holes are provided. Furthermore, it can be provided that the holes are made inclined in the radial direction and that the bores are aligned tangentially to the direction of rotation of the baffle elements. In this case, the outlet direction of the holes can be aligned with or against the direction of rotation of the rotor of Praiireaktors. The more technically favorable solution depends on the interaction of the properties of the material to be comminuted and the geometrical configurations of the rotor and the impact elements and the mode of operation of the rotor, e.g. the speed and the resulting influence on the local flow processes, from.

Alternativ kann heißes Trocknungsgas im Bodenbereich des Prallreaktors durch über den Umfang verteilte schlitzförmige Öffnungen zugegeben werden. Hierbei können auch die Schlitze eine radiale Neigung aufweisen. Die Schlitze können dabei auch durch überlappende Montage von Bodenplatten gebildet werden.Alternatively, hot drying gas may be added in the bottom region of the impingement reactor through slot-shaped openings distributed over the circumference. In this case, the slots may also have a radial inclination. The slots can also be formed by overlapping mounting of floor panels.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung wird eine Kreislaufschaltung mit einem Gaskreislauf vorgesehen, aufweisend zusätzlich

  • mindestens eine Zusatzfeuerung,
  • mindestens eine Druckerhöhungsvorrichtung im Kreislaufgasstrom,
  • mindestens eine Zugabevorrichtung von Verdünnungsgas in den Kreislaufgasstrom,
  • mindestens eine Vorrichtung zur Einkopplung der aus dem Rauchgas der Zusatzfeuerung erhaltenen Abwärme in den Kreislaufgasstrom.
In a further embodiment of the device, a circulation circuit is provided with a gas circuit, additionally comprising
  • at least one additional firing,
  • at least one pressure-increasing device in the recycle gas stream,
  • at least one diluent gas addition device into the recycle gas stream,
  • at least one device for coupling the waste heat obtained from the flue gas of the additional firing in the cycle gas stream.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch gelöst durch ein Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 11-14.The object of the invention is also achieved by a method according to claims 11-14.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden dadurch veranlasst, dass die Förderung der festen oder pastösen Energierohstoffe in herkömmlicher Weise mit großem Aufwand verbunden sein kann, wenn die Rohstoffe zum Kleben neigen. In weiteren Ausgestaltungen wird daher vorgesehen, dass mindestens ein Teil des Trocknungsgases zusammen mit den Energierohstoffen durch dessen Zuführungsvorrichtung in den Reaktor geführt wird. Hierbei ist darauf zu achten, dass das Trocknungsgas ausreichend kühl in die Zuführungsvorrichtung eingeleitet wird. Durch die Einleitung des Trocknungsgases wird eine Antrocknung der äußeren Oberfläche der Energierohstoffe, insbesondere im Falle fester Energierohstoffe, bewirkt, was zu einer verbesserten Förderbarkeit führt und die Verklebungsneigung erheblich verringert. Die Durchleitung des Trocknungsgases kann sowohl im Gegenstrom als auch im Gleichstrom erfolgen.Further embodiments of the method according to the invention are caused by the fact that the promotion of solid or pasty energy resources in a conventional manner can be associated with great effort when the raw materials tend to stick. In further embodiments, it is therefore provided that at least a portion of the drying gas is fed together with the energy raw materials through its supply device into the reactor. It is important to ensure that the drying gas is introduced sufficiently cool into the feeder. By the introduction of the drying gas, a drying of the outer surface of the energy raw materials, especially in the case of solid energy resources, causes, which leads to improved conveyability and significantly reduces the tendency to stick. The passage of the drying gas can be carried out both in countercurrent and in direct current.

In einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird vorgesehen, dass die Zuführungsvorrichtung indirekt beheizt wird. Aufgrund der Trocknungswirkung kühlt sich das Trocknungsgas während des Durchtritts durch die Zuführungsvorrichtung ab. Die Beheizung wirkt dieser Abkühlung entgegen. Zur Beheizung kann auch das heiße Trocknungsgas benutzt werden, welches sich dabei selbst abkühlt und anschließend durch die Zuführungsvorrichtung hindurchgeführt wird.In one embodiment of the method it is provided that the supply device is heated indirectly. Due to the drying effect, the drying gas cools during passage through the feeder. The heating counteracts this cooling. For heating, the hot drying gas can be used, which itself cools and then passed through the feeder.

Über eine Förderschnecke, die zum Prallreaktor offen ist, kann das Trocknungsgas ungehindert in den Prallreaktor eingeleitet werden. Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, wenn die Energierohstoffe und das Trocknungsgas im Gleichstrom durch die Förderschnecke geleitet werden. Mit einer Zellenradschteuse, die das Silo mit der Förderschnecke verbindet, kann eine Rückströmung in das Silo verhindert werden.Via a screw conveyor, which is open to the impact reactor, the drying gas can be freely introduced into the baffle reactor. It is advantageous in this case if the energy raw materials and the drying gas are passed in co-current through the screw conveyor. With a Zellenradscheuse, which connects the silo with the screw conveyor, a backflow into the silo can be prevented.

Alle Zuführungsarten für Trocknungsgas können auch additiv verwendet werden. Es ist also möglich, Trocknungsgas sowohl über die Labyrinthdichtung, als auch über die Zuführungsvorrichtung für Energierohstoffe, als auch über Bohrungen und Schlitze im Bodenbereich des Prallreaktors in den Prallreaktor einzuführen und damit auf unterschiedlichste Rohstoffe verfahrenstechnisch zu reagieren, was ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist.All types of feed for drying gas can also be used additive. It is thus possible to introduce drying gas both via the labyrinth seal, as well as the feed device for energy resources, as well as holes and slots in the bottom region of the baffle reactor in the baffle reactor and thus process technology to respond to a variety of raw materials, which is an advantage of the invention.

Ein geeigneter Prallreaktor wird beispielsweise in der DE 196 00 482 A1 beschrieben. Dieser Apparat ist überraschenderweise in der Lage, Biomasse, wie z.B. Stroh oder Grünabfälle, in der gleichen Weise wie die dort beschriebenen Kunststofffraktionen zu behandeln. Zur Verbesserung der Wirkungsweise können auch Vorrichtungen, wie in der Anmeldeschrift DE 10 2005 055 620 A1 beschrieben, sinnvoll zum Einsatz kommen.A suitable impact reactor is, for example, in the DE 196 00 482 A1 described. Surprisingly, this apparatus is capable of treating biomass, such as straw or green waste, in the same way as the plastic fractions described therein. To improve the mode of action can also devices, as in the application DE 10 2005 055 620 A1 described, meaningfully used.

Dadurch, dass in der vorliegenden Erfindung die Trocknung und die Zerkleinerung gleichzeitig erfolgen, entstehen Synergieeffekte, wovon beide Vorgänge Vorteile erhalten. Durch die simultane Behandlung in der Erfindung findet nach Eintrag der groben Partikel eine schnelle oberflächliche Trocknung statt und durch die weitere Partikelaufheizung findet, von außen nach innen, eine Trocknung ebenfalls vom Partikeläußeren zum Partikelinneren statt. Während in den bekannten Verfahren nach Stand der Technik die Partikelgröße während der Trocknung erhalten bleibt (z.B. Trommeltrockner oder Bandtrockner für Biomassen), findet hier gleichzeitig eine Zerkleinerung durch den Pralleffekt statt. Dabei werden bei Kontakt mit den Prallelementen vorzugsweise die bereits teilweise getrockneten äußeren Partikelschichten abgeschlagen. Der verbleibende, noch nicht vollständig getrocknete Partikelkern wird dadurch wieder freigelegt und ist wieder dem vollen Wärmeübertragung bei gleichzeitig verringerter Größe ausgesetzt.The fact that drying and comminution take place simultaneously in the present invention results in synergy effects, both of which obtain advantages. By the simultaneous treatment in the invention takes place after entry of the coarse particles, a rapid superficial drying and by the further particle heating takes place, from outside to inside, a drying also from the particle exterior to the particle interior instead. While in the known processes of the prior art the particle size is maintained during drying (for example drum dryers or belt dryers for biomass), comminution by the baffle effect takes place at the same time. In this case, the already partially dried outer particle layers are preferably cut off on contact with the baffle elements. The remaining, not yet completely dried particle core is thereby exposed again and is again exposed to the full heat transfer at the same time reduced size.

Durch die kontinuierliche Zerkleinerung und simultane Aufheizung wird die Gesamt-Trocknungszeit deutlich reduziert. Durch die Erfindung wird einerseits der apparative Aufwand der üblichen Behandlungskette deutlich verringert und gleichzeitig der benötigte spezifische Zeitbedarf ebenfalls reduziert.The continuous shredding and simultaneous heating significantly reduces the total drying time. By the invention, on the one hand, the expenditure on equipment of the usual treatment chain is significantly reduced and at the same time the required specific time requirement is also reduced.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Beispiels in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt Fig. 1 die Vorrichtung innerhalb eines Kreislaufbetriebs und Fig. 2 einen Detailausschnitt im Bereich der Rotorwelle des Prallreaktors.The invention will now be described by way of example in FIG Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 explained in more detail. This shows Fig. 1 the device within a circulatory operation and Fig. 2 a detail in the rotor shaft of the baffle reactor.

Aus dem Vorlagebehälter 1 wird die Biomasse 2 über die Zellenradschleuse 3 und die Förderschnecke 4 in den Prallreaktor 5 gefördert. Dort wird sie mittels des Rotors 7 zerkleinert. Im Bodenbereich des Prallreaktors 5 wird Trocknungsgas 8a über eine Labyrinthdichtung und Trocknungsgas 8b über Bodenöffnungen zugeführt. Die zerkleinerten und getrockneten Partikel 11 werden über einen Sichter 6, der bevorzugt ein motorbetriebener Rotationssichter ist, mit dem Gasstrom 9 aus dem Prallreaktor 5 abgezogen und in den Partikelabscheider 10, hier als filternder Abscheider dargestellt, geführt. Ein weiterer Abzug findet durch den Seitenauslass 6a statt, wobei das abgezogene Gas 9a ebenfalls zum Partikelabscheider 10 geleitet wird.From the storage tank 1, the biomass 2 is conveyed via the rotary feeder 3 and the screw conveyor 4 in the impingement reactor 5. There it is crushed by means of the rotor 7. In the bottom area of the impact reactor 5, drying gas 8a is supplied via a labyrinth seal and drying gas 8b via bottom openings. The comminuted and dried particles 11 are withdrawn via a separator 6, which is preferably a motor-operated rotary separator, with the gas stream 9 from the impingement reactor 5 and into the particle separator 10, shown here as a filtering separator. Another withdrawal takes place through the side outlet 6a, wherein the withdrawn gas 9a is also passed to the particle separator 10.

Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, dass durch den Einsatz des Sichters 6 die Größe der mit dem Gasstrom 9 austretenden Partikel eingestellt werden kann. Es kann auch vorteilhaft sein, auf den motorbetriebenen Rotationssichter zu verzichten und Siebe oder Lochbleche einzusetzen, durch die die Partikelgröße der im Gasstrom 9 enthaltenen Feststoffanteile beeinflusst werden kann.It is advantageous that the size of the particles exiting with the gas stream 9 can be adjusted by the use of the classifier 6. It may also be advantageous to dispense with the motor-driven rotary separator and to use screens or perforated plates, by which the particle size of the solids contained in the gas stream 9 can be influenced.

Je nach gewünschter Verwendung des vorbehandelten Brennstoffes wird die Zielpartikelgröße der getrockneten Partikel 11 von verschiedenen Anforderungen der Vergasungs- oder Verbrennungsanlage definiert. Dies sind z.B. Anforderungen an das Zusammenspiel Reaktivität und Partikelgröße, an die Fördereigenschaften oder weitere, somit kann für verschiedene Einsatzstoffe eine unterschiedliche Partikelgröße oder Partikelgrößenverteilung vorteilhaft sein. Daher sind auch unterschiedliche Methoden zur Vorabscheidung wie Sichter oder Siebe sinnvoll. Je nach gewünschter Partikelgröße kann als Partikelabscheider 10 auch ein Massenkraftabscheider oder auch ein Zyklonabscheider sinnvoll zum Einsatz kommen.Depending on the desired use of the pretreated fuel, the target particle size of the dried particles 11 is defined by various requirements of the gasification or incineration plant. These are e.g. Requirements for the interaction of reactivity and particle size, on the conveying properties or further, thus may be advantageous for different starting materials, a different particle size or particle size distribution. Therefore, different methods for pre-separation such as sifters or sieves are useful. Depending on the desired particle size, a mass separator or a cyclone separator may be used sensibly as a particle separator 10.

Im Partikelabscheider 10 werden die getrockneten Partikel 11 abgeschieden und mittels der Zellenradschleuse 12 in den Vorlagebehälter 13 ausgeschleust. Die Abreinigung des Partikelabscheiders 10 geschieht vorzugsweise mittels Stickstoff 14. Je nach Integration der vorliegenden Erfindung in weitere Verfarhensschritte kann auch eine Abreinigung mit anderen interten Gasen oder mit Kohlendioxid, Luft oder mit sauerstoffabgereicherter Luft erfolgen.In the particle separator 10, the dried particles 11 are separated and discharged by means of the rotary valve 12 in the storage tank 13. The cleaning of the Partikelabscheiders 10 is preferably done by means of nitrogen 14. Depending on the integration of the present invention in further Verfarhensschritte may also be a cleaning with other inert gases or with carbon dioxide, air or oxygen-depleted air.

Das Kreislaufgas 15, welches aus dem Partikelabscheider 10 erhalten wird, ist sauber und enthält nur noch geringe Mengen an Staub und kann zum Kamin 16 ausgeschleust werden. Ein Teilstrom 17 wird zuvor abgezweigt, und mittels des Gebläses 18 mit Heißgas gemischt, welches aus dem Brenner 19 aus Luft 20 und Brenngas 21 erhalten wird. Das erhaltene Trocknungsgas 22 wird mit Verdünnungsgas 23 versetzt zum Prallreaktor 5 zurückgeführt.The recycle gas 15, which is obtained from the Partikelabscheider 10 is clean and contains only small amounts of dust and can the chimney 16 be discharged. A partial flow 17 is previously branched off, and mixed by means of the blower 18 with hot gas, which is obtained from the burner 19 from air 20 and fuel gas 21. The resulting drying gas 22 is added with dilution gas 23 added to the impact reactor 5.

Dort wird es aufgeteilt, als Trocknungsgas 8a über eine Labyrinthdichtung und Trocknungsgas 8b über Bodenöffnungen wie oben beschrieben als in den Bodenbereich des Prallreaktors 5 geleitet und außerdem als Trocknungsgas 8c in die Förderschnecke 4, durch die es ebenfalls in den Prallreaktor 5 gelangt. Die Förderschnecke 4 wird dabei über ein Heizmittel mit Heizmittelzulauf 24 und Heizmittelrücklauf 25 indirekt beheizt.There, it is divided as a drying gas 8a via a labyrinth seal and drying gas 8b via bottom openings as described above as passed into the bottom area of the baffle reactor 5 and also as drying gas 8c in the screw conveyor 4, through which it also enters the baffle reactor 5. The screw conveyor 4 is indirectly heated via a heating medium with Heizmittelzulauf 24 and Heizmittelrücklauf 25.

Weiterhin ist in Fig. 2 eine ausschnittsweise Detailansicht des Prallreaktors 5 im Bereich der Rotorwelle 34 dargestellt, über welche der Rotor 7 durch einen nicht näher gezeigten Motor angetrieben wird. Wie der Darstellung von Fig. 2 hierbei entnommen werden kann, befindet sich am stirnseitigen Ende der Rotorwelle 34 eine Rotoraufnahme 35, in deren Unterseite eine umlaufende Vertiefung oder Nut 36 eingebracht ist, die beispielsweise einen rechteckförmigen Querschnitt besitzt. In die umlaufende Vertiefung 36 hinein erstreckt sich von unten her ein umlaufender Vorsprung 37, der bevorzugt an der Bodenplatte 38 des Prallreaktors 5 angeordnet ist. Der Vorsprung 37 besitzt ein Breite, die kleiner als die Breite der Vertiefung 36 ist, und erstreckt sich mit seiner Oberseite nicht vollständig bis an den Grund der Vertiefung heran, so dass zwischen der Außenfläche des Vorsprungs 37 und der Innenfläche der Vertiefung 36 eine Labyrinthdichtung 33 mit einem Labyrinthgang 33a entsteht, durch den hindurch die volle Menge des Trocknungsgases (8a+8b) oder eine Teilmenge (8a) oder auch ein anderes Gas in den innenraum des Prallreaktors 5 eingebracht wird. Der Labyrinthgang kann beispielsweise eine Breite im Bereich von 2 mm bis zu 20 mm besitzen. Gemäß einer nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Labyrinthdichtung 33 zur Verbesserung der Dichtwirkung in radialer Richtung betrachtet auch zwei oder mehr Vorsprünge 37 aufweisen, die sich in zugehörige Vertiefungen 36 hinein erstrecken, welche von ihrer Form her der Form der Vorsprünge angepasst sind.Furthermore, in Fig. 2 a fragmentary detailed view of the baffle reactor 5 in the region of the rotor shaft 34 is shown, via which the rotor 7 is driven by a motor not shown in detail. Like the presentation of Fig. 2 can be taken in this case, located at the front end of the rotor shaft 34 has a rotor receptacle 35, in the underside of a circumferential recess or groove 36 is introduced, for example, has a rectangular cross-section. In the circumferential recess 36 extends from below a circumferential projection 37, which is preferably arranged on the bottom plate 38 of the baffle reactor 5. The projection 37 has a width which is smaller than the width of the recess 36, and does not extend completely with its top to the bottom of the recess, so that between the outer surface of the projection 37 and the inner surface of the recess 36, a labyrinth seal 33rd with a labyrinth passage 33a is formed, through which the full amount of the drying gas (8a + 8b) or a subset (8a) or other gas in the interior of the baffle reactor 5 is introduced. For example, the labyrinth passage may have a width in the range of 2mm to 20mm. According to an embodiment of the invention, not shown, the labyrinth seal 33 seen to improve the sealing effect in the radial direction may also have two or more projections 37 which extend into corresponding recesses 36, which are adapted in shape to the shape of the projections.

Die Zufuhr des Trocknungsgases 8a über die Labyrinthdichtung 33 erfolgt bevorzugt durch ein oder auch mehrere unterhalb der Bodenplatte 38 in der Wellenführung 39 angeordnete Bohrungen 40 hindurch entlang des durch die Pfeile 8a angedeuteten Zufuhrweges. Dieser verläuft zuerst in Richtung auf die Rotorwelle 34, d.h. das Drehzentrum des Rotors 7 zu, dann im Wesentlichen parallel zur Rotorwelle bzw. Drehachse des Rotors 7 in Aufwärtsrichtung und anschließend oberhalb der Bodenplatte 38 wieder in entgegen gesetzter Richtung durch den Labyrinthgang 33a hindurch radial nach außen vom Drehzentrum des Prallreaktors 5 weg, wodurch sich eine besonders effiziente Abdichtung sowie auch Verteilung des Trocknungsgases im Reaktorinnenraum ergibt. Diese kann durch den Einsatz von einer oder mehrerer, dem Labyrinthgang 33a strömungsmäßig nachgeordneter Schleuderleisten 41 zusätzlich noch verbessert werden.The supply of the drying gas 8a via the labyrinth seal 33 is preferably carried out by one or more below the bottom plate 38 arranged in the waveguide 39 holes 40 along the direction indicated by the arrows 8a supply path. This first extends in the direction of the rotor shaft 34, ie the center of rotation of the rotor 7, then substantially parallel to the rotor shaft or axis of rotation of the rotor 7 in the upward direction and then above the Bottom plate 38 again in the opposite direction through the labyrinth passage 33a through radially outward from the center of rotation of the baffle reactor 5 away, resulting in a particularly efficient sealing and distribution of the drying gas inside the reactor. This can be further improved by the use of one or more, the labyrinth passage 33a fluidly downstream Schleuderleisten 41.

Die Zufuhr des weiteren Trocknungsgases 8b erfolgt durch eine oder mehrere in der Bodenplatte 38 befindliche Öffnungen 42. Diese Öffnungen 42 können als mehrere Bohrungen über dem Umfang oder als Ein oder mehrere Schlitze ausgeführt werden. Es ist auch denkbar schräge Bohrungen vorzusehen, um dem Gas 8b beim einströmen in den Prallreaktor 5 eine verfahrenstechnisch vorteilhafte Strömungsrichtung aufzuprägen.The supply of the further drying gas 8b takes place through one or more openings 42 located in the bottom plate 38. These openings 42 can be embodied as a plurality of bores over the circumference or as one or more slots. It is also conceivable to provide oblique bores in order to impart to the gas 8b, as it flows into the impingement reactor 5, a flow direction advantageous in terms of process technology.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorlagebehälterstorage container
22
Biomassebiomass
33
Zellenradschleuserotary
44
FörderschneckeAuger
55
Prallreaktorbaffle reactor
66
Sichtersifter
6a6a
Seitenauslassside exhaust
77
Rotorrotor
88th
8, 8a, 8b, 8c heißes Kreislaufgas/Trocknungsgas8, 8a, 8b, 8c hot recycle gas / drying gas
99
Gasstrom durch SichterGas flow through sifter
9a9a
Gasstrom durch SeitenauslassGas flow through side outlet
1010
Partikelabscheiderparticle
1111
getrocknete Partikeldried particles
1212
Zellenradschleuserotary
1313
Vorlagebehälterstorage container
1414
Rückspülgasbackwash
1515
Entstaubtes GasDusted gas
1616
Abgasexhaust
1717
KreislaufgasRecycle gas
1818
Gebläsefan
1919
Brennerburner
2020
Luftair
2121
Brenngasfuel gas
2222
Gasgas
2323
Verdünnungsgasdiluent gas
2424
Heizmedium für SchneckeHeating medium for screw
2525
Heizmedium RücklaufHeating medium return
3333
Labyrinthdichtunglabyrinth seal
33a33a
Labyrinthganglabyrinth passage
3535
Rotoraufnahmerotor receiving
3434
Rotorwellerotor shaft
3636
Vertiefungdeepening
3737
Vorsprunghead Start
3838
Bodenplattebaseplate
3939
Wellenführungwave guide
4040
Bohrungdrilling
4141
Schleuderleistespin bar
4242
Öffnungopening
MM
Motorengine

Claims (14)

  1. Device for producing a fine-grained fuel, particularly from solid, paste-like or aqueous energy feedstock, by drying and grinding, comprising
    ● an impact reactor having a rotor and impact elements,
    ● a labyrinth seal in the region of the rotor shaft of the impact reactor,
    ● a feed device for feeding hot drying gas through the labyrinth seal into the impact reactor,
    ● at least one further feed device for feeding hot drying gas in the base region of the impact reactor,
    ● a feed device for solid or paste-like energy feedstock in the top region of the impact reactor,
    ● at least one extractor device for a gas stream containing ground-up and dried energy feedstock particles, and
    ● a depositing and extraction device for ground-up and dried energy feedstock particles from the gas stream extracted from the impact reactor.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that deflector wheel sifters are provided as the extraction device for ground-up and dried energy feedstock particles.
  3. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that lateral sieves are provided as the extraction device for ground-up and dried energy feedstock particles.
  4. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that bores distributed around the circumference are provided as the feed device for hot drying gas in the base region of the impact reactor.
  5. Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the bores are configured so as to be inclined in the radial direction.
  6. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the bores are aligned tangentially to the direction of rotation of the impact elements.
  7. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that slot-shaped openings distributed around the circumference in the base region of the impact reactor are provided as the feed device for hot drying gas.
  8. Device according to claim 7, characterised in that the slots have a radial inclination.
  9. Device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterised in that the slots are formed by an overlapping assembly of base plates.
  10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised by a circuit arrangement having a gas circuit, additionally comprising
    ● at least one additional firing means,
    ● at least one pressure increasing device in the circulating gas stream,
    ● at least one means for adding diluting gas to the circulating gas stream,
    ● at least one device for introducing the waste heat obtained from the flue gas of the additional firing means into the circulating gas stream.
  11. Method for producing a fine-grained fuel from solid, paste-like or aqueous energy feedstock by drying and impact crushing using an impact reactor having a rotor and impact elements according to claim 1, wherein
    ● the energy feedstock is fed into the impact reactor in the top region of the impact reactor,
    ● hot drying gas is fed in both in the base region of the impact reactor and also through a labyrinth seal in the region of the rotor shaft of the impact reactor,
    ● the energy feedstock is ground up and dried in the impact reactor, and
    ● ground up and dried energy feedstock particles are delivered, in a gas stream containing them, from the impact reactor into a particle separator.
  12. Method according to claim 11, characterised in that at least some of the drying gas is fed into the reactor together with the energy feedstock by means of the feed device therefor.
  13. Method according to claim 12, characterised in that the feed device for feeding the energy feedstock into the reactor is heated indirectly.
  14. Method according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterised in that a circulating mode of operation is provided, wherein
    ● at least one additional firing means is used, the energy of the flue gas obtained being used directly or indirectly for heating up the circulating gas stream,
    ● a diluting gas, which may be an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, or a gas with a reduced oxygen content, or air, or a mixture of the above-mentioned gases, is supplied to the circulating gas stream.
    ● the pressure loss in the circulating gas stream is compensated, and
    ● the heated circulating stream is recycled into the impact reactor.
EP11705431.2A 2010-02-04 2011-01-26 Device and method for producing a fine-grained fuel by drying and impact crushing Not-in-force EP2531302B1 (en)

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ES2464277T3 (en) 2014-06-02
DK2531302T3 (en) 2014-03-31
MX2012009040A (en) 2012-11-29
UA105407C2 (en) 2014-05-12
RU2012135070A (en) 2014-03-10
AU2011212726A1 (en) 2012-07-19
PL2531302T3 (en) 2015-01-30
ZA201204799B (en) 2014-03-26
WO2011095295A2 (en) 2011-08-11
DE102010006916A1 (en) 2011-08-04
TW201134553A (en) 2011-10-16
US20130199424A1 (en) 2013-08-08
KR20130009757A (en) 2013-01-23
AU2011212726B2 (en) 2014-07-10
CA2786797A1 (en) 2011-08-11
EP2531302A2 (en) 2012-12-12
WO2011095295A3 (en) 2011-12-29

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