EP2509744B1 - Optical-grade surfacing tool - Google Patents

Optical-grade surfacing tool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2509744B1
EP2509744B1 EP10805455.2A EP10805455A EP2509744B1 EP 2509744 B1 EP2509744 B1 EP 2509744B1 EP 10805455 A EP10805455 A EP 10805455A EP 2509744 B1 EP2509744 B1 EP 2509744B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rigid support
end surface
tool according
tool
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10805455.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2509744A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Batard
Jean-Etienne Lepage
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EssilorLuxottica SA
Original Assignee
Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
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Publication of EP2509744A1 publication Critical patent/EP2509744A1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D9/00Wheels or drums supporting in exchangeable arrangement a layer of flexible abrasive material, e.g. sandpaper
    • B24D9/08Circular back-plates for carrying flexible material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/02Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor by means of tools with abrading surfaces corresponding in shape with the lenses to be made
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S451/00Abrading
    • Y10S451/921Pad for lens shaping tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to optical quality surfacing for surfaces such as a face of an ophthalmic lens or a camera lens or an instrument for observing distant objects or a face a semiconductor substrate.
  • Surfacing means any operation to modify the state of a previously shaped surface. These include polishing, grinding or etching operations to modify (decrease or increase) the roughness of the surface and / or to reduce the undulation.
  • a tool for surfacing an optical surface comprising: a rigid support having a transverse end surface; an elastically compressible interface secured to the rigid support, comprising a so-called central portion which is in line with said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support; a flexible pad adapted to be applied against a surface to be worked, subjected to the interface opposite the rigid support, comprising a so-called central portion which is located at the right of said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support; as well as elastic return means arranged between said rigid support and the peripheral portion of said interface, the
  • the tool In order to reduce the roughness of the optical surface, the tool is brought into contact with the latter while maintaining sufficient tool pressure on it so that, by deformation of the interface, the pad conforms to the shape of the optical surface. .
  • the optical surface is rotated, its friction against the tool being sufficient to jointly drive it in rotation.
  • the surfacing operation requires an abrasive that can be contained in the buffer or in the fluid.
  • the elastically compressible interface compensates for the difference in curvature between the end surface of the tool support and the optical surface.
  • a tool 1 for surfacing an optical surface 2 in this case one of the faces of an ophthalmic lens 3.
  • the optical surface 2 concerned is represented concave, but it could just as well be convex.
  • the tool 1 is formed of a stack of at least three parts, namely a rigid portion 4, an elastically compressible portion 5, and a flexible portion 6, which, in what follows, will be called respectively support, interface and buffer.
  • the support 4 comprises two jaws, namely a lower jaw 7 and an upper jaw 8 adapted to be superimposed by being nested one inside the other by means of a pin 9 projecting from one of the faces the upper jaw 8, fit to be housed in a complementary hole 11 arranged, facing, in a face 12 of the lower jaw 7.
  • the support 4 is generally cylindrical symmetry of revolution and has an axis of symmetry noted X, which defines a so-called longitudinal direction.
  • the lower jaw 7 has an end surface 13 extended substantially transversely, against which is applied, covering the interface 5.
  • the buffer 6 is applied against the interface 5 on the other side of the latter with respect to the support 4.
  • the pad 6 covers at least part of the interface 5 opposite and to the right of the end surface 13.
  • the friction of the pad 6 against the optical surface 2 will, by means of an abrasive contained in the watering fluid or incorporated in the pad 6 itself, to ensure a superficial removal of material on the optical surface 2 in order to to modify the surface state, as we will see later.
  • the pad has, on the one hand, a central portion 6a which is at the right of the end surface 13, and a peripheral portion 14 which is, transversely, beyond the end surface 13.
  • This peripheral portion 14 is connected to the support 4 by means 15 of elastic return.
  • the peripheral portion 14 extends in the extension of the central portion 6a while being, at rest, substantially coplanar with it.
  • the pad 6 is integral, the peripheral portion 14 being connected to the central portion 6a, so that they form in fact a single piece.
  • the tampon 6 is in the form of a flower, and thus comprises a plurality of petals 14b which protruding transversely from the central portion 6a, form the peripheral portion 14 of the pad 6 and each extend transversely beyond the end surface 13.
  • the peripheral portion 14 is in the form of a ring 14a which surrounds the central portion 6a.
  • the buffer 6 in the absence of stress, is, when it is monobloc, in the form of a disk of material whose thickness is small in front of its diameter, as shown in FIG. figure 1 , the peripheral portion 14, 14a thus forming a flange with respect to the end surface 13.
  • the return means 15, which will be described later, can be interposed directly between the support 4 and the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6, that is to say, in practice, the flange 14a or the petals 14b.
  • the interface 5 comprises not only a central portion 5a which is at the right of the end surface 13, but also a peripheral portion 16 which is transversely beyond the end surface 13.
  • This peripheral portion 16 is in the extension of the central portion 5a, and is, for example, in the absence of stress, under the shape of a crown which surrounds the central portion 5a, and which is in fact interposed between the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6 and the return means 15.
  • the interface 5 is in one piece, its central parts 5a and peripheral 16 being in fact connected to form together a single piece, the peripheral portion 16 forming a flange with respect to the end surface 13.
  • the monoblock interface 5 is for example in the form of a disc of material whose thickness is small in front of its transverse dimension (that is to say, its diameter).
  • the interface 5 and the buffer 6 are both monobloc, they have comparable transverse dimensions.
  • they when they are each in the form of a disc of material, they will preferably be chosen, for constructive convenience, of the same diameter.
  • a pad of a diameter different from that of the interface in particular of greater diameter in order to mitigate the edge effects of the tool on the worked surface.
  • this ring 17 is fixed on the peripheral portion 16 on the other side thereof relative to the pad 6, that is to say on the same side as the support 4, and so that it it is surrounded by ring 17.
  • this ring 17 is of circular longitudinal section, but it could also be of more complex section, in particular oblong, polygonal, rectangular or square. Moreover, it is arranged on the peripheral part 16 concentrically with the support 4.
  • the return means 15 are now described.
  • These comprise at least one elastically flexible strip 18 which projects transversely from the support 4 and which is connected, on the one hand, rigidly to the support 4 by a first end 18a and, on the other hand, to the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6 by a second end 18b, said free end, opposite the first 18a.
  • the return means 15 comprise a plurality of such strips 18 distributed uniformly around the periphery of the support 4, to act on the entire peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6.
  • the return means 15 are in fact in the form of a starry part 19 rigidly fixed to the support 4.
  • This star piece 19 comprises a central portion 20 from which a plurality of branches 18 project each forming an elastically flexible strip extending radially in a transverse plane.
  • the one-piece stamp 6 comprises a plurality of petals 14b
  • the starry part 19 comprises, in turn, seven branches 18 each to ensure the elastic return of a petal 14b.
  • the ring 17 is attached to the interface 5, this attachment can be provided by any means, gluing being however preferred, especially for its simplicity.
  • the diameters of the interface 5, the buffer 6, the star part 19, have a value at least twice that of the diameter of the support 4.
  • the diameters of the interface 5 and the buffer 6 are chosen substantially equal to the diameter of the lens 3, so that the diameter of the support 4 is much smaller than the diameter. of the lens 3.
  • tool 1 is illustrated on the Figures 2 and 3 .
  • the lens 3 is mounted on a rotary support (not shown) by means of which it is driven in rotation about a fixed axis Y.
  • the tool 1 is applied against this face 2 with sufficient force so that the buffer 6 matches its shape.
  • the tool 1 is here, meanwhile, free in rotation yet being off-center with respect to the optical surface 2.
  • a drive forced rotation of the tool, by own means, however, can be provided.
  • the relative friction of the optical surface 2 and the buffer 6 is sufficient to rotate the tool 1 in the same direction as that of the lens 3, about an axis substantially coincident with the axis X of symmetry of the support 4.
  • the optical surface 2 is sprayed with a non-abrasive or abrasive watering fluid, depending on whether or not the pad performs this function.
  • the tool 1 In order to scan the entire optical surface 2, the tool 1 is moved during the surfacing along a radial trajectory, the point of intersection of the axis of rotation X of the tool 1 with the optical surface 2 effecting a plane. movement back and forth between two cusp points, namely an external cusp A and an internal cusp B both located at a distance from the axis of rotation Y of the lens 3.
  • the central portion 6a of the tampon 6 is deformed by conforming to the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the compressibility of the central portion 5a of the interface 5.
  • peripheral portion 14 of the tampon 6 deforms by conforming to the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the deformation of the flexible strips 18.
  • peripheral portions 14 of the buffer 6 and 16 of the interface 5 they essentially have a stabilizing role, on the one hand thanks to the increase in the lift or seating of the tool 1 compared to a conventional tool whose buffer and the interface would be limited to the central portions 5a, 6a and, secondly, thanks to the return means 15 which maintain a permanent contact between the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6 and the optical surface 2.
  • the deformable ring 17 allows a smoothing of the stress distribution exerted on the peripheral periphery of the interface 5 and hence on the pad 6 by the strips 18.
  • the end surface 13 of the support 4 is flat.
  • the tool 1 is thus adapted to surface a certain range of optical surfaces 2 of different curvatures.
  • the tool 1 When, at rest, the lamellae 18 are straight or bent opposite the end surface 13, the tool 1 is intended for the concave optical surfaces 2, whereas when the slats 18 are bent on the side of the end surface 13, the tool 1 is intended for 2 convex optical surfaces.
  • the end surface 13 of the support 4 is convex, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 having a more pronounced concavity.
  • the end surface 13 of the support 4 is concave, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 to more pronounced convexity.
  • the French patent application 2,857,610 to which corresponds the US patent application 2006/0154581 , proposes that the elastic return means, rather than being in the form of a star-shaped piece such as the piece 19 illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 , has a continuous peripheral part cooperating in support with the peripheral part of the buffer such as the buffer 6, directly or via the only interface such as the interface 5 (no deformable ring such as 17 is provided), the elastic return means comprising, in addition to the continuous peripheral portion, a flat or curved collar rigidly fixed on the inner side to the support such as the support 4, this collar being formed by a perforated or solid wall.
  • the French patent application 2,900,356 to which corresponds the US patent application 2008/0171502 proposes that the rigid support belong to a base comprising a flexible collar surrounding the rigid support with the elastically compressible interface which covers an end surface of the flange located on the same side as the end surface of the rigid support.
  • the contact surface between the interface and the rest of the tool is particularly important, which ensures a uniform distribution of the pressure exerted on the surface to be worked and thus makes it possible to perform surfacing with great aspect quality.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a surfacing tool which is particularly efficient in terms of minimizing appearance defects.
  • the invention proposes for this purpose an optical quality surfacing tool, comprising: a base comprising a flexible collar and a rigid support surrounded by said collar, which is subdivided into petals, said rigid support having a transverse end surface; an elastically compressible interface secured to the base, comprising a so-called central portion which is in line with said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support said elastically compressible interface being applied against and covering an end surface of said flange located on the same side as the end surface of the rigid support; a flexible pad adapted to be applied against a surface to be worked, subjected to the interface opposite the rigid support, comprising a so-called central portion which is located at the right of said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support; as well as elastic return means disposed between said rigid support and the peripheral portion of said interface, the combination of said peripheral portion of the buffer, said peripheral portion of the interface and elastic
  • the lamellae and the petals thus cooperate in such a way as to exert a stress on the interface in a way that is particularly favorable both to the general conformation of the tool and to its deformation capacity to follow the variations in altitude of the surface to be worked, including when there are strong variations in altitude, as is the case when one of the faces of a Eyeglass lens intended to correct the vision of a presbyopic, myopic and astigmatic wearer.
  • the conformation of the distal portions of the lamellae provides flexible, progressive and continuous deformation support (damping).
  • each elastic lamella is an individual lamella attached to said rigid support.
  • the assembly of the lamellae with the rigid support is certainly more complex than if the lamellae were part of a starry part, but considering the existence of the curved distal portion of each lamella, the individual or distinct nature of the lamellae is particularly interesting, because of the convenience and simplicity of realization of the slats it offers.
  • each elastic lamella is permanently attached to said rigid support.
  • said rigid support and each elastic strip are arranged so that each elastic strip is attached to said rigid support removably and removably.
  • said rigid support comprises for each lamella a cavity having a retaining recess while each lamella comprises a U-shaped portion adapted to be housed in a said cavity of the support, with a branch of said U-shaped portion having a suitable nose to enter said recess.
  • the tool comprises a wedge of elastically compressible material which is inserted forcefully between the branches of the U-shaped portion.
  • each said wedge has a rounded distal portion as the base of the U-shaped portion and a proximal portion which has a tongue protruding between two shoulders.
  • the tool comprises at the opening of each cavity a rib on the opposite side to that is formed said recess.
  • said rib has a central passage for a tab for extracting said lamella from said cavity.
  • said end surface of the flange is flush with said end surface of said support.
  • said rigid support comprises a cavity for receiving the head of a surfacing machine spindle.
  • said base is made of plastic material molded in one piece.
  • each slat is made of spring steel.
  • the support 104 belongs to a base 130 which has a flexible peripheral portion 131 located transversely beyond the rigid support 104, which is centrally disposed.
  • the peripheral portion 131 generally forms a flexible collar having an outer diameter (large diameter) similar to the outer diameter of the interface 105 and the buffer 106.
  • the inner diameter (small diameter) of the flexible collar 131 corresponds to the external diameter of the support 104, the flange 131 projecting from the lateral wall of the support 104.
  • the support 104 and the flexible peripheral collar 131 are made of one-piece molded plastic, the support 104 being solid at least in the vicinity of the surface 113 in order to have the required rigidity while the collar 131 is of small thickness. wall to be flexible.
  • the flange 131 has fourteen slots 133 oriented radially and distributed equi-angularly, so that the flange 131 is subdivided into fourteen petals 134 each generally formed as an angular sector trunk.
  • the end surface 113 of the support 104 is flush with the surface 132 of the flange 131 on the same side.
  • the support 104 and the flange 131 are made in one piece makes it possible to reduce the effects of marking the edge of the end surface 113 on the surface to be worked, so that the tool 101 makes it possible to perform surfacing with a high quality of appearance.
  • the support 104 has the outer contour of a cap with a proximal portion 137 which has an outer diameter smaller than the distal portion 136 to which the end surface 113 and the shoulder 135 belong.
  • the proximal portion 137 serves to connect the support 104, and more generally the base 130, to the spindle of the surfacing machine allowing the tool 101 to cooperate with an optical surface such as 2 in the manner explained above at support from Figures 2 and 3 .
  • the proximal portion 137 has a cavity 140 for receiving the spindle head.
  • the cavity 140 is generally shaped like three-quarters of a sphere.
  • the spindle head adapted to be accommodated in the cavity 140 has a spherical portion end shaped similarly.
  • the assembly between the proximal portion 137 and the spindle of the machine is by simple snapping, the thickness of the portion 137 is sufficiently small.
  • the tool 101 When the spindle head is engaged in the cavity 140, the tool 101 co-operates in a ball joint relation to the spindle.
  • center of the cavity 140 is particularly close to the end surface 113, which allows the tool 101 to orient itself optimally with respect to the surface such as 2 with which the tool 101 must cooperate.
  • the elastic return means 115 will now be described in detail.
  • These comprise a plurality of elastically flexible strips 118, here seven in number, distributed equi-angularly, which project transversely from the support 104 to rest on the flexible collar 131, on the same side as the portion 137.
  • each lamella 118 is rigidly attached to the support 104 by screws 141 which plate its proximal portion 142, which is flat, on an annular surface 143 of the support 104 situated between the portion 137 and the shoulder 135.
  • the lamellae 118 are arranged angularly so that each is centered with respect to the associated petal 134.
  • the slats 118 have a length such that they extend each transversely beyond the flange 131.
  • the lamellae 118 each have a distal portion 144 curved towards the petal 134 associated in a rounded loop so that the end 145 of the lamella 118 is turned towards the support 104, the zone contact between the lamella 118 and petal 134 being located below the end 145.
  • each lamella 118 can slide freely on the associated petal 134 when they deform, since it is by a relatively flat area that each lamella 118 is in contact with the associated petal 134, on a terminal portion of that it is relatively flat.
  • each lamella 118 is first inclined towards the opposite of the associated petal 134 and then bends towards the associated petal 134 for about half a turn.
  • the conformation of lamellae 118 and petals 134 is such that in the absence of external constraint (situation illustrated in FIG. figure 5 ) the assembly formed by the surfaces 113 and 132 is concave.
  • the diameter of the interface 105 and the buffer 106 corresponds to the external diameter of the flange 131.
  • the securing between the interface 105 and the base 130 is performed by a double-sided adhesive 150 disposed between the interface 105 and the surfaces 113 and 132 of the base 130.
  • the elastically compressible interface 105 is a foam having a thickness of the order of 9 mm with a glossy skin which is located on the side of the pad 106.
  • connection between the elastically compressible interface 105 and the flexible pad 106 is done through a layer 152 of sizing putty, here a layer of 0.5 mm thick.
  • the flexible pad 106 has a thickness of the order of 1 mm and the double-sided adhesive 150 has a thickness of the order of 0.32 mm.
  • the diameter of the interface 105 and the buffer 106 is of the order of 55 mm.
  • the base 130 is made of plastic molded in one piece by injection.
  • the base 130 which must both be rigid in the vicinity of the end surface 113 and flexible at the collar 131 and the proximal portion 137 to allow the snaps, while providing a good wear resistance for cooperation with the spindle head, is made of polypropylene (PP) or high density polyethylene (eg HDPE 1000).
  • PP polypropylene
  • HDPE 1000 high density polyethylene
  • the base thus has good wear resistance for cooperation with the spindle head and allows easy bonding with the interface 105.
  • the end surface 113 of the support 104 is shaped like a sphere portion having a radius of curvature of the order of 70 mm.
  • the contact surface between the interface 105 and the rest of the tool, in this case the base 130, is particularly important since it is formed both by the surface 113 and by the surface 132.
  • the elastically compressible interface 105 is strongly compressed at the central portion and the force exerted by the slats 118 is useful for forcing the peripheral portion of the pad 106 to remain in contact with the surface such that 2.
  • the fact that the lamellae 118 exert on the petals 134 a force directed towards the interface 105 at the periphery of the latter, allows the tool 101 to be particularly efficient in terms of maintaining the contact with the working surface such as 2, even when the latter has large variations in altitude, for example if it is a face of a spectacle lens to correct the vision of a wearer presbyopic, myopic and astigmatic.
  • the conformation of the end portion 144 offers the advantage, thanks to its rounded nature, to provide a smooth, progressive and continuous damping, favorable to the performance of the tool 101.
  • the base 130 ' is arranged as the base 130 but while each elastic strip 118 is permanently attached to the support 104 (here, the screws 141 can not be removed), the rigid support 104 'and each elastic strip 118' are arranged so that each elastic strip 118 'is attached to said rigid support 104' removably and removably.
  • the support 104 ' comprises for each lamella 118' a cavity 146 having a retaining recess 147 while each lamella has a U-shaped portion 148 adapted to be housed in a cavity 146 of the support 104 ', with a branch of the U-shaped portion 148 which has a nose 149 adapted to penetrate the recess 147.
  • each lamella 118 ' there is provided a rib 160 at the opening of each cavity 146, the rib 160 being on the opposite side to that which is formed the recess 147.
  • the rib 160 has at its center a passage in which takes place a tongue 155 (see more particularly the Figures 9 and 10 ) protruding at the end of the branch 156 of the U-shaped portion 148 opposite the branch having the nose 149.
  • the tongue 155 protrudes between two shoulders 157 of the portion 156. It is the shoulders 157 which bear on the rib 160.
  • the tongue 155 serves to extract the lamella 118 'of the housing 146.
  • the U-shaped portion 148 has an apex angle A which is larger than when the portion 148 is in place in the housing 146.
  • a wedge 161 of elastically compressible material which is inserted by force between the branches of the U-shaped portion 148.
  • the wedge 161 has a distal portion 162 which is rounded as the base of the U-shaped portion 148 and a proximal portion 163 which has a tongue 164 projecting between two shoulders 165.
  • the shoulders 165 serve as a stop against the rib 160.
  • the tongue 164 takes place in the passage of the center of the rib 160.
  • the tongue 164 serves to extract the shim 161.
  • the slats are fixed otherwise than by screws, for example by gluing, riveting, overmoulding or even thanks to the presence of an overmoulded clamping insert.
  • the fixing is done by removable screws
  • the slots of the slats are formed by molded inserts (composite base)
  • the support is in two parts latched, for example with a metal part (part which cooperates with the pin).
  • the elastic return means formed by individual slats are replaced by one or more starred parts.
  • the base of the tool according to the invention comprises a number of petals different from fourteen, for example six or sixteen and the slots defining the petals have different shapes, for example with corrugations.
  • the support 104 is shaped differently, for example in two parts forming jaws as in the previous tool illustrated on the Figures 1 to 3 .
  • the elements other than the base are arranged differently, for example as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1 to 3 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention a trait au surfaçage à qualité optique, pour des surfaces telles qu'une face d'un verre ophtalmique ou d'une lentille d'appareil photographique ou d'un instrument destiné à l'observation des objets éloignés ou encore une face d'un substrat semi-conducteur.The invention relates to optical quality surfacing for surfaces such as a face of an ophthalmic lens or a camera lens or an instrument for observing distant objects or a face a semiconductor substrate.

Par surfaçage, on entend toute opération visant à modifier l'état d'une surface préalablement façonnée. Il s'agit notamment d'opérations de polissage, doucissage ou dépolissage visant à modifier (diminuer ou augmenter) la rugosité de la surface et/ou à en diminuer l'ondulation.Surfacing means any operation to modify the state of a previously shaped surface. These include polishing, grinding or etching operations to modify (decrease or increase) the roughness of the surface and / or to reduce the undulation.

ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUEBACKGROUND

On connaît déjà, notamment par la demande de brevet français 2 834 662 à laquelle correspond la demande de brevet américain 2005/0101235 , par la demande de brevet français 2 857 610 à laquelle correspond la demande de brevet américain 2006/0154581 et par la demande de brevet français 2 900 356 à laquelle correspond la demande de brevet américain 2008/0171502 , un outil de surfaçage d'une surface optique, comportant : un support rigide présentant une surface transversale d'extrémité ; une interface élastiquement compressible assujettie au support rigide, comportant une partie dite centrale qui se trouve au droit de ladite surface d'extrémité du support rigide et une partie dite périphérique qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de ladite surface d'extrémité du support rigide ; un tampon flexible apte à être appliqué contre une surface à travailler, assujetti à l'interface à l'opposé du support rigide, comportant une partie dite centrale qui se trouve au droit de ladite surface d'extrémité du support rigide et une partie dite périphérique qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de ladite surface d'extrémité du support rigide ; ainsi que des moyens de rappel élastique disposés entre ledit support rigide et la partie périphérique de ladite interface, la combinaison de ladite partie périphérique du tampon, de ladite partie périphérique de l'interface et des moyens de rappel élastique formant un moyen de stabilisation de l'outil lors du surfaçage, ledit outil étant adapté à réaliser un surfaçage pour l'essentiel au niveau de ladite partie centrale du tampon.We already know, especially by the French patent application 2,834,662 to which corresponds the US patent application 2005/0101235 , by the French patent application 2,857,610 to which corresponds the US patent application 2006/0154581 and by the French patent application 2,900,356 to which corresponds the US patent application 2008/0171502 , a tool for surfacing an optical surface, comprising: a rigid support having a transverse end surface; an elastically compressible interface secured to the rigid support, comprising a so-called central portion which is in line with said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support; a flexible pad adapted to be applied against a surface to be worked, subjected to the interface opposite the rigid support, comprising a so-called central portion which is located at the right of said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support; as well as elastic return means arranged between said rigid support and the peripheral portion of said interface, the combination of said peripheral portion of the buffer, said peripheral portion of the interface and resilient return means forming a stabilizing means of the tool during surfacing, said tool being adapted to perform a surfacing essentially at said central portion of the buffer.

Pour diminuer la rugosité de la surface optique, on amène l'outil au contact de celle-ci en maintenant sur elle une pression suffisante de l'outil pour que, par déformation de l'interface, le tampon épouse la forme de la surface optique.In order to reduce the roughness of the optical surface, the tool is brought into contact with the latter while maintaining sufficient tool pressure on it so that, by deformation of the interface, the pad conforms to the shape of the optical surface. .

Tout en arrosant la surface optique au moyen d'un fluide, on l'entraîne en rotation par rapport à l'outil (ou réciproquement) et on la balaye au moyen de ce dernier.While watering the optical surface with a fluid, it is rotated relative to the tool (or reciprocally) and is scanned by means of the latter.

Généralement, on entraîne en rotation la surface optique, son frottement contre l'outil étant suffisant pour entraîner conjointement celui-ci en rotation.Generally, the optical surface is rotated, its friction against the tool being sufficient to jointly drive it in rotation.

L'opération de surfaçage nécessite un abrasif qui peut être contenu dans le tampon ou dans le fluide.The surfacing operation requires an abrasive that can be contained in the buffer or in the fluid.

Au cours du surfaçage, l'interface, élastiquement compressible, permet de compenser la différence de courbure entre la surface d'extrémité du support de l'outil et la surface optique.During surfacing, the elastically compressible interface compensates for the difference in curvature between the end surface of the tool support and the optical surface.

Un exemple de réalisation de l'outil proposé par la demande de brevet français 2 834 662 , à laquelle correspond la demande de brevet américain 2005/0101235 , est décrit ci-après à l'appui des figures 1 à 3 des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée de cet outil et d'une lentille ophtalmique présentant une surface optique à surfacer ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe de cet outil représenté assemblé, au cours du surfaçage de la surface optique de la lentille de la figure 1 ; et
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique de dessus représentant cette lentille ophtalmique en cours de surfaçage au moyen de cet outil, lequel est représenté au cours du balayage de la surface optique dans deux positions dont l'une est illustrée en trait interrompu.
An exemplary embodiment of the tool proposed by the French patent application 2,834,662 , to which corresponds the US patent application 2005/0101235 , is described below in support of Figures 1 to 3 annexed drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of this tool and an ophthalmic lens having an optical surface to be surfaced;
  • the figure 2 is a sectional view of this tool shown assembled, during the surfacing of the optical surface of the lens of the figure 1 ; and
  • the figure 3 is a schematic top view showing this ophthalmic lens being surfaced by means of this tool, which is represented during scanning of the optical surface in two positions, one of which is illustrated in broken lines.

Sur la figure 1 est représenté un outil 1 pour le surfaçage d'une surface optique 2, en l'occurrence l'une des faces d'une lentille ophtalmique 3. Sur la figure 1, de même que sur la figure 2, la surface optique 2 concernée est représentée concave, mais elle pourrait tout aussi bien être convexe.On the figure 1 is shown a tool 1 for surfacing an optical surface 2, in this case one of the faces of an ophthalmic lens 3. On the figure 1 , as well as on the figure 2 , the optical surface 2 concerned is represented concave, but it could just as well be convex.

L'outil 1 est formé d'un empilement d'au moins trois parties, à savoir une partie rigide 4, une partie élastiquement compressible 5, et une partie souple 6, qui, dans ce qui va suivre, seront appelées respectivement support, interface et tampon.The tool 1 is formed of a stack of at least three parts, namely a rigid portion 4, an elastically compressible portion 5, and a flexible portion 6, which, in what follows, will be called respectively support, interface and buffer.

Tel qu'il apparaît notamment sur la figure 1, le support 4 comporte deux mors, à savoir un mors inférieur 7 et un mors supérieur 8 adaptés à être superposés en étant emboîtés l'un dans l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'un pion 9 saillant de l'une 10 des faces du mors supérieur 8, propre à venir se loger dans un trou 11 complémentaire ménagé, en regard, dans une face 12 du mors inférieur 7.As it appears in particular on the figure 1 the support 4 comprises two jaws, namely a lower jaw 7 and an upper jaw 8 adapted to be superimposed by being nested one inside the other by means of a pin 9 projecting from one of the faces the upper jaw 8, fit to be housed in a complementary hole 11 arranged, facing, in a face 12 of the lower jaw 7.

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1, le support 4 est globalement cylindrique à symétrie de révolution et présente un axe de symétrie noté X, qui définit une direction dite longitudinale.As can be seen on the figure 1 , the support 4 is generally cylindrical symmetry of revolution and has an axis of symmetry noted X, which defines a so-called longitudinal direction.

L'on note n la normale à la surface optique 2 au point d'intersection de l'axe de symétrie X de l'outil 1 avec cette dernière.We denote the n normal to the optical surface 2 at the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry X of the tool 1 with the latter.

A l'opposé de sa face 12 dans laquelle est pratiqué le trou 11, le mors inférieur 7 présente une surface d'extrémité 13 étendue sensiblement transversalement, contre laquelle est appliquée, en la recouvrant, l'interface 5.Opposite its face 12 in which the hole 11 is made, the lower jaw 7 has an end surface 13 extended substantially transversely, against which is applied, covering the interface 5.

Le tampon 6 est quant à lui appliqué contre l'interface 5 de l'autre côté de celle-ci par rapport au support 4.The buffer 6 is applied against the interface 5 on the other side of the latter with respect to the support 4.

Plus précisément, le tampon 6 recouvre au moins en partie l'interface 5 à l'opposé et au droit de la surface d'extrémité 13.More specifically, the pad 6 covers at least part of the interface 5 opposite and to the right of the end surface 13.

Le frottement du tampon 6 contre la surface optique 2 permettra, au moyen d'un abrasif contenu dans le fluide d'arrosage ou incorporé dans le tampon 6 lui-même, d'assurer un enlèvement superficiel de matière sur la surface optique 2 en vue de modifier l'état de surface, comme nous le verrons par la suite.The friction of the pad 6 against the optical surface 2 will, by means of an abrasive contained in the watering fluid or incorporated in the pad 6 itself, to ensure a superficial removal of material on the optical surface 2 in order to to modify the surface state, as we will see later.

Le tampon comporte, d'une part une partie centrale 6a qui se trouve au droit de la surface d'extrémité 13, et une partie périphérique 14 qui se trouve, transversalement, au-delà de la surface d'extrémité 13.The pad has, on the one hand, a central portion 6a which is at the right of the end surface 13, and a peripheral portion 14 which is, transversely, beyond the end surface 13.

Cette partie périphérique 14 est raccordée au support 4 par l'intermédiaire de moyens 15 de rappel élastique.This peripheral portion 14 is connected to the support 4 by means 15 of elastic return.

La partie périphérique 14 s'étend dans le prolongement de la partie centrale 6a en étant, au repos, sensiblement coplanaire avec elle.The peripheral portion 14 extends in the extension of the central portion 6a while being, at rest, substantially coplanar with it.

Dans l'exemple illustré sur les figures 1 et 2, le tampon 6 est monobloc, la partie périphérique 14 étant raccordée à la partie centrale 6a, de sorte qu'elles ne forment en fait qu'une seule et même pièce.In the example shown on the figures 1 and 2 , the pad 6 is integral, the peripheral portion 14 being connected to the central portion 6a, so that they form in fact a single piece.

Suivant un mode de réalisation représenté en trait fort sur la figure 1, le tampon 6 se présente sous la forme d'une fleur, et comporte ainsi une pluralité de pétales 14b qui, saillant transversalement de la partie centrale 6a, forment la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6 et s'étendent chacun transversalement au-delà de la surface d'extrémité 13.According to an embodiment shown in strong lines on the figure 1 , the tampon 6 is in the form of a flower, and thus comprises a plurality of petals 14b which protruding transversely from the central portion 6a, form the peripheral portion 14 of the pad 6 and each extend transversely beyond the end surface 13.

Suivant une variante représentée en trait mixte sur la figure 1, la partie périphérique 14 se présente sous la forme d'une couronne 14a qui entoure la partie centrale 6a.According to a variant shown in phantom on the figure 1 , the peripheral portion 14 is in the form of a ring 14a which surrounds the central portion 6a.

Dans ce cas, en l'absence de contrainte, le tampon 6 se présente, lorsqu'il est monobloc, sous la forme d'un disque de matière dont l'épaisseur est faible devant son diamètre, tel que représenté sur la figure 1, la partie périphérique 14, 14a formant ainsi une collerette par rapport à la surface d'extrémité 13.In this case, in the absence of stress, the buffer 6 is, when it is monobloc, in the form of a disk of material whose thickness is small in front of its diameter, as shown in FIG. figure 1 , the peripheral portion 14, 14a thus forming a flange with respect to the end surface 13.

Les moyens de rappel 15, qui seront décrits ultérieurement, peuvent être interposés directement entre le support 4 et la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6, c'est-à-dire, en pratique, la collerette 14a ou les pétales 14b.The return means 15, which will be described later, can be interposed directly between the support 4 and the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6, that is to say, in practice, the flange 14a or the petals 14b.

L'interface 5 comporte non seulement une partie centrale 5a qui se trouve au droit de la surface d'extrémité 13, mais également une partie périphérique 16 qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de la surface d'extrémité 13.The interface 5 comprises not only a central portion 5a which is at the right of the end surface 13, but also a peripheral portion 16 which is transversely beyond the end surface 13.

Cette partie périphérique 16 se trouve dans le prolongement de la partie centrale 5a, et se présente par exemple, en l'absence de contrainte, sous la forme d'une couronne qui entoure la partie centrale 5a, et qui est en fait interposée entre la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6 et les moyens de rappel 15.This peripheral portion 16 is in the extension of the central portion 5a, and is, for example, in the absence of stress, under the shape of a crown which surrounds the central portion 5a, and which is in fact interposed between the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6 and the return means 15.

Tel qu'il apparaît sur les figures 1 et 2, l'interface 5 est monobloc, ses parties centrale 5a et périphérique 16 étant en fait raccordées pour former ensemble une seule et même pièce, la partie périphérique 16 formant une collerette par rapport à la surface d'extrémité 13.As it appears on the figures 1 and 2 , the interface 5 is in one piece, its central parts 5a and peripheral 16 being in fact connected to form together a single piece, the peripheral portion 16 forming a flange with respect to the end surface 13.

Ainsi, en l'absence de contrainte, l'interface 5 monobloc se présente par exemple sous la forme d'un disque de matière dont l'épaisseur est faible devant sa dimension transversale (c'est-à-dire son diamètre).Thus, in the absence of stress, the monoblock interface 5 is for example in the form of a disc of material whose thickness is small in front of its transverse dimension (that is to say, its diameter).

Lorsque l'interface 5 et le tampon 6 sont tous deux monoblocs, ils présentent des dimensions transversales comparables. En particulier, lorsqu'ils se présentent chacun sous la forme d'un disque de matière, on les choisira de préférence, par commodité constructive, de même diamètre. Mais on pourra également prévoir d'utiliser un tampon de diamètre différent de celui de l'interface, en particulier de diamètre supérieur afin d'atténuer les effets de bord de l'outil sur la surface travaillée.When the interface 5 and the buffer 6 are both monobloc, they have comparable transverse dimensions. In particular, when they are each in the form of a disc of material, they will preferably be chosen, for constructive convenience, of the same diameter. However, it will also be possible to use a pad of a diameter different from that of the interface, in particular of greater diameter in order to mitigate the edge effects of the tool on the worked surface.

En outre, pour des raisons qui apparaîtront par la suite, il est prévu, un anneau déformable 17 interposé entre la partie périphérique 16 de l'interface 5 et les moyens de rappel 15.In addition, for reasons which will appear subsequently, there is provided a deformable ring 17 interposed between the peripheral portion 16 of the interface 5 and the return means 15.

En pratique, cet anneau 17 est fixé sur la partie périphérique 16 de l'autre côté de celle-ci par rapport au tampon 6, c'est-à-dire du même côté que le support 4, et de telle sorte que celui-ci est entouré par l'anneau 17.In practice, this ring 17 is fixed on the peripheral portion 16 on the other side thereof relative to the pad 6, that is to say on the same side as the support 4, and so that it it is surrounded by ring 17.

De préférence, cet anneau 17 est à section longitudinale circulaire, mais il pourrait également être à section de forme plus complexe, notamment oblongue, polygonale, rectangulaire ou carrée. Par ailleurs, il est disposé sur la partie périphérique 16 de manière concentrique avec le support 4.Preferably, this ring 17 is of circular longitudinal section, but it could also be of more complex section, in particular oblong, polygonal, rectangular or square. Moreover, it is arranged on the peripheral part 16 concentrically with the support 4.

L'on décrit à présent les moyens de rappel 15.The return means 15 are now described.

Ceux-ci comprennent au moins une lamelle élastiquement flexible 18 qui saille transversalement du support 4 et qui est raccordée, d'une part, rigidement, au support 4 par une première extrémité 18a et, d'autre part, à la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6 par une deuxième extrémité 18b, dite extrémité libre, opposée à la première 18a.These comprise at least one elastically flexible strip 18 which projects transversely from the support 4 and which is connected, on the one hand, rigidly to the support 4 by a first end 18a and, on the other hand, to the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6 by a second end 18b, said free end, opposite the first 18a.

De la sorte, sous l'effet d'une force exercée longitudinalement sur la partie périphérique 14 au droit de cette lamelle 18, celle-ci se déforme en exerçant sur la partie périphérique 14 une réaction opposée à ladite force.In this way, under the effect of a force exerted longitudinally on the peripheral portion 14 to the right of the plate 18, the latter is deformed by exerting on the peripheral portion 14 a reaction opposite to said force.

En pratique, les moyens de rappel 15 comportent une pluralité de telles lamelles 18, réparties de manière uniforme à la périphérie du support 4, pour agir sur la totalité de la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6.In practice, the return means 15 comprise a plurality of such strips 18 distributed uniformly around the periphery of the support 4, to act on the entire peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6.

Les moyens de rappel 15 se présentent en fait sous la forme d'une pièce étoilée 19 rigidement fixée au support 4.The return means 15 are in fact in the form of a starry part 19 rigidly fixed to the support 4.

Cette pièce étoilée 19 comporte une partie centrale 20 dont saillent une pluralité de branches 18 formant chacune une lamelle élastiquement flexible étendue radialement dans un plan transversal.This star piece 19 comprises a central portion 20 from which a plurality of branches 18 project each forming an elastically flexible strip extending radially in a transverse plane.

Pour la fixation de la pièce étoilée 19 au support 4, sa partie centrale 20 est, en pratique, pincée entre les mors 7, 8 du support 4, son centrage étant assuré au moyen d'un trou 21 traversant pratiqué en son centre, traversé par le pion 9 du mors supérieur 8, l'ensemble étant maintenu à l'aide de moyens de fixation tels que des vis qui, traversant le mors supérieur 8 et la partie centrale 20 de la pièce étoilée 19, viennent se prendre dans le mors inférieur 7.For fixing the star piece 19 to the support 4, its central portion 20 is, in practice, pinched between the jaws 7, 8 of the support 4, its centering being provided by means of a through hole 21 made in its center, crossed by the pin 9 of the upper jaw 8, the assembly being held by means of fastening means such as screws which, passing through the upper jaw 8 and the central portion 20 of the star piece 19, are caught in the jaw lower 7.

Lorsque, conformément à un mode de réalisation précédemment décrit, le tampon 6 monobloc comporte une pluralité de pétales 14b, il est prévu sur la pièce étoilée 19 autant de branches 18 que de pétales 14b, la pièce étoilée 19 étant orientée pour que chaque branche 18 s'étende au droit d'un pétale 14b. Ainsi, lorsque le tampon 6 comporte sept pétales 14b, la pièce étoilée 19 comporte, quant à elle, sept branches 18 propres à assurer chacune le rappel élastique d'un pétale 14b.When, in accordance with an embodiment previously described, the one-piece stamp 6 comprises a plurality of petals 14b, there are provided on the star piece 19 as many branches 18 as petals 14b, the star piece 19 being oriented so that each branch 18 extends to the right of a petal 14b. Thus, when the pad 6 has seven petals 14b, the starry part 19 comprises, in turn, seven branches 18 each to ensure the elastic return of a petal 14b.

L'anneau 17 est fixé à l'interface 5, cette fixation pouvant être assurée par tout moyen, le collage étant toutefois préféré, notamment pour sa simplicité.The ring 17 is attached to the interface 5, this attachment can be provided by any means, gluing being however preferred, especially for its simplicity.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les diamètres de l'interface 5, du tampon 6, de la pièce étoilée 19, ont une valeur au moins double de celle du diamètre du support 4.In the embodiment shown, the diameters of the interface 5, the buffer 6, the star part 19, have a value at least twice that of the diameter of the support 4.

Par ailleurs, lorsqu'il s'agit de surfacer une lentille ophtalmique, les diamètres de l'interface 5 et du tampon 6 sont choisis sensiblement égaux au diamètre de la lentille 3, de sorte que le diamètre du support 4 est bien inférieur au diamètre de la lentille 3.Moreover, when it comes to surfacing an ophthalmic lens, the diameters of the interface 5 and the buffer 6 are chosen substantially equal to the diameter of the lens 3, so that the diameter of the support 4 is much smaller than the diameter. of the lens 3.

L'utilisation de l'outil 1 est illustrée sur les figures 2 et 3.The use of tool 1 is illustrated on the Figures 2 and 3 .

Il s'agit en l'occurrence du surfaçage ou du doucissage d'une face convexe 2 asphérique d'une lentille ophtalmique.This is in the case of surfacing or smoothing of a convex face 2 aspheric of an ophthalmic lens.

La lentille 3 est montée sur un support rotatif (non représenté) au moyen duquel elle est entraînée en rotation autour d'un axe fixe Y.The lens 3 is mounted on a rotary support (not shown) by means of which it is driven in rotation about a fixed axis Y.

L'outil 1 est appliqué contre cette face 2 avec une force suffisante pour que le tampon 6 épouse sa forme. L'outil 1 est ici, quant à lui, libre en rotation en étant toutefois décentré par rapport à la surface optique 2. Un entraînement forcé en rotation de l'outil, par des moyens propres, peut toutefois être prévu.The tool 1 is applied against this face 2 with sufficient force so that the buffer 6 matches its shape. The tool 1 is here, meanwhile, free in rotation yet being off-center with respect to the optical surface 2. A drive forced rotation of the tool, by own means, however, can be provided.

Le frottement relatif de la surface optique 2 et du tampon 6 suffit à entraîner en rotation l'outil 1 dans le même sens que celui de la lentille 3, autour d'un axe sensiblement confondu avec l'axe X de symétrie du support 4.The relative friction of the optical surface 2 and the buffer 6 is sufficient to rotate the tool 1 in the same direction as that of the lens 3, about an axis substantially coincident with the axis X of symmetry of the support 4.

L'on arrose la surface optique 2 avec un fluide d'arrosage non abrasif ou abrasif, selon que le tampon exerce ou non par lui-même cette fonction.The optical surface 2 is sprayed with a non-abrasive or abrasive watering fluid, depending on whether or not the pad performs this function.

Afin de balayer la totalité de la surface optique 2, l'outil 1 est déplacé au cours du surfaçage suivant une trajectoire radiale, le point d'intersection de l'axe de rotation X de l'outil 1 avec la surface optique 2 effectuant un mouvement de va et vient entre deux points de rebroussement, à savoir un point de rebroussement extérieur A et un point de rebroussement intérieur B situés tous deux à distance de l'axe de rotation Y de la lentille 3.In order to scan the entire optical surface 2, the tool 1 is moved during the surfacing along a radial trajectory, the point of intersection of the axis of rotation X of the tool 1 with the optical surface 2 effecting a plane. movement back and forth between two cusp points, namely an external cusp A and an internal cusp B both located at a distance from the axis of rotation Y of the lens 3.

La partie centrale 6a du tampon 6 se déforme en épousant la forme de la surface optique 2 grâce à la compressibilité de la partie centrale 5a de l'interface 5.The central portion 6a of the tampon 6 is deformed by conforming to the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the compressibility of the central portion 5a of the interface 5.

Quant à la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6, elle se déforme en épousant la forme de la surface optique 2 grâce à la déformation des lamelles flexibles 18.As for the peripheral portion 14 of the tampon 6, it deforms by conforming to the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the deformation of the flexible strips 18.

Compte tenu de la rigidité du support 4, l'enlèvement de matière a lieu en majorité au droit de la surface d'extrémité 13, c'est-à-dire que cet enlèvement de matière est effectué essentiellement par la partie centrale 6a du tampon 6.Given the rigidity of the support 4, the removal of material takes place in majority right of the end surface 13, that is to say that this removal of material is carried out essentially by the central portion 6a of the buffer 6.

Quant aux parties périphériques 14 du tampon 6 et 16 de l'interface 5, elles ont essentiellement un rôle stabilisateur, d'une part grâce à l'accroissement de la portance ou assise de l'outil 1 par rapport à un outil classique dont le tampon et l'interface seraient limités aux parties centrales 5a, 6a et, d'autre part, grâce aux moyens de rappel 15 qui maintiennent un contact permanent entre la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6 et la surface optique 2.As for the peripheral portions 14 of the buffer 6 and 16 of the interface 5, they essentially have a stabilizing role, on the one hand thanks to the increase in the lift or seating of the tool 1 compared to a conventional tool whose buffer and the interface would be limited to the central portions 5a, 6a and, secondly, thanks to the return means 15 which maintain a permanent contact between the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6 and the optical surface 2.

L'anneau déformable 17 permet un lissage de la distribution de contrainte exercée sur le pourtour périphérique de l'interface 5 et, partant, sur le tampon 6 par les lamelles 18.The deformable ring 17 allows a smoothing of the stress distribution exerted on the peripheral periphery of the interface 5 and hence on the pad 6 by the strips 18.

Il en résulte que, quelle que soit la localisation de l'outil 1 sur la surface optique 2 et quelle que soit sa vitesse de rotation, son axe de rotation X est en permanence colinéaire ou sensiblement colinéaire à la normale n à la surface optique 2, l'orientation de l'outil 1 étant ainsi optimale à tout instant.As a result, regardless of the location of the tool 1 on the optical surface 2 and irrespective of its rotational speed, its axis of rotation X is permanently collinear or substantially collinear with the normal n at the optical surface 2 , the orientation of the tool 1 is thus optimal at all times.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 1 et 2, la surface d'extrémité 13 du support 4 est plane.In the embodiment illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 , the end surface 13 of the support 4 is flat.

L'outil 1 est ainsi adapté à surfacer une certaine gamme de surfaces optiques 2 de courbures différentes.The tool 1 is thus adapted to surface a certain range of optical surfaces 2 of different curvatures.

Afin de modifier l'adaptabilité de l'outil 1, il est possible de précontraindre les moyens de rappel 15 en tordant les lamelles flexibles 18 pour qu'elles soient déjà fléchies au repos, dans un sens ou dans l'autre.In order to modify the adaptability of the tool 1, it is possible to prestress the biasing means 15 by twisting the flexible strips 18 so that they are already bent at rest, in one direction or the other.

Lorsqu'au repos les lamelles 18 sont droites ou fléchies à l'opposé de la surface d'extrémité 13, l'outil 1 est destiné aux surfaces optiques 2 concaves, tandis que lorsqu'au repos les lamelles 18 sont fléchies du côté de la surface d'extrémité 13, l'outil 1 est destiné aux surfaces optiques 2 convexes.When, at rest, the lamellae 18 are straight or bent opposite the end surface 13, the tool 1 is intended for the concave optical surfaces 2, whereas when the slats 18 are bent on the side of the end surface 13, the tool 1 is intended for 2 convex optical surfaces.

Dans une première variante non illustrée, la surface d'extrémité 13 du support 4 est convexe, l'outil 1 étant ainsi destiné à des surfaces optiques 2 présentant une concavité plus prononcée.In a first variant not shown, the end surface 13 of the support 4 is convex, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 having a more pronounced concavity.

Dans une deuxième variante non illustrée, la surface d'extrémité 13 du support 4 est au contraire concave, l'outil 1 étant ainsi destiné à des surfaces optiques 2 à convexité plus prononcée.In a second variant not shown, the end surface 13 of the support 4 is concave, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 to more pronounced convexity.

Bien entendu, il est possible de combiner la réalisation concave ou convexe de la surface d'extrémité 13 avec la précontrainte des moyens de rappel 15, tel que décrite ci-dessus.Of course, it is possible to combine the concave or convex embodiment of the end surface 13 with the preload of the return means 15, as described above.

La demande de brevet français 2 857 610 , à laquelle correspond la demande de brevet américain 2006/0154581 , propose que les moyens de rappel élastique, plutôt que d'être sous la forme d'une pièce étoilée telle que la pièce 19 illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2, présente une partie périphérique continue coopérant à appui avec la partie périphérique du tampon tel que le tampon 6, directement ou par l'intermédiaire de la seule interface telle que l'interface 5 (aucun anneau déformable tel que 17 n'est prévu), les moyens de rappel élastique comportant, outre la partie périphérique continue, une collerette plate ou incurvée fixée rigidement, du côté interne, au support tel que le support 4, cette collerette étant formée par une paroi ajourée ou pleine.The French patent application 2,857,610 , to which corresponds the US patent application 2006/0154581 , proposes that the elastic return means, rather than being in the form of a star-shaped piece such as the piece 19 illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 , has a continuous peripheral part cooperating in support with the peripheral part of the buffer such as the buffer 6, directly or via the only interface such as the interface 5 (no deformable ring such as 17 is provided), the elastic return means comprising, in addition to the continuous peripheral portion, a flat or curved collar rigidly fixed on the inner side to the support such as the support 4, this collar being formed by a perforated or solid wall.

Le caractère continu de la partie périphérique de ce moyen de rappel permet d'accroitre la régularité du surfaçage effectué par l'outil.The continuous character of the peripheral part of this return means makes it possible to increase the regularity of the surfacing carried out by the tool.

La demande de brevet français 2 900 356 , à laquelle correspond la demande de brevet américain 2008/0171502 , propose que le support rigide appartienne à une embase comportant une collerette flexible entourant le support rigide avec l'interface élastiquement compressible qui recouvre une surface d'extrémité de la collerette située du même coté que la surface d'extrémité du support rigide.The French patent application 2,900,356 , to which corresponds the US patent application 2008/0171502 proposes that the rigid support belong to a base comprising a flexible collar surrounding the rigid support with the elastically compressible interface which covers an end surface of the flange located on the same side as the end surface of the rigid support.

Grâce à la collerette, la surface de contact entre l'interface et le reste de l'outil est particulièrement importante, ce qui assure une répartition uniforme de la pression exercée sur la surface à travailler et permet donc d'effectuer des surfaçages offrant une grande qualité d'aspect.Thanks to the flange, the contact surface between the interface and the rest of the tool is particularly important, which ensures a uniform distribution of the pressure exerted on the surface to be worked and thus makes it possible to perform surfacing with great aspect quality.

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise à fournir un outil de surfaçage particulièrement performant en matière de minimisation des défauts d'aspect.The aim of the invention is to provide a surfacing tool which is particularly efficient in terms of minimizing appearance defects.

L'invention propose à cet effet un outil de surfaçage à qualité optique, comportant : une embase comportant une collerette flexible et un support rigide entouré par ladite collerette, laquelle est subdivisée en pétales, ledit support rigide présentant une surface transversale d'extrémité ; une interface élastiquement compressible assujettie à l'embase, comportant une partie dite centrale qui se trouve au droit de ladite surface d'extrémité du support rigide et une partie dite périphérique qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de ladite surface d'extrémité du support rigide, ladite interface élastiquement compressible étant appliquée contre et recouvrant une surface d'extrémité de ladite collerette située du même côté que la surface d'extrémité du support rigide ; un tampon flexible apte à être appliqué contre une surface à travailler, assujetti à l'interface à l'opposé du support rigide, comportant une partie dite centrale qui se trouve au droit de ladite surface d'extrémité du support rigide et une partie dite périphérique qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de ladite surface d'extrémité du support rigide ; ainsi que des moyens de rappel élastique disposés entre ledit support rigide et la partie périphérique de ladite interface, la combinaison de ladite partie périphérique du tampon, de ladite partie périphérique de l'interface et des moyens de rappel élastique formant un moyen de stabilisation de l'outil lors du surfaçage, ledit outil étant adapté à réaliser un surfaçage pour l'essentiel au niveau de ladite partie centrale du tampon ; caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de rappel élastique comportent une pluralité de lamelles élastiquement flexibles qui saillent transversalement du support rigide, avec chaque lamelle qui présente une portion distale coopérant à appui directement avec un dit pétale ; ladite portion distale étant recourbée selon une boucle arrondie telle que l'extrémité de chaque dite lamelle soit tournée vers ledit support rigide.The invention proposes for this purpose an optical quality surfacing tool, comprising: a base comprising a flexible collar and a rigid support surrounded by said collar, which is subdivided into petals, said rigid support having a transverse end surface; an elastically compressible interface secured to the base, comprising a so-called central portion which is in line with said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support said elastically compressible interface being applied against and covering an end surface of said flange located on the same side as the end surface of the rigid support; a flexible pad adapted to be applied against a surface to be worked, subjected to the interface opposite the rigid support, comprising a so-called central portion which is located at the right of said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support; as well as elastic return means disposed between said rigid support and the peripheral portion of said interface, the combination of said peripheral portion of the buffer, said peripheral portion of the interface and elastic return means forming a means for stabilizing the tool during surfacing, said tool being adapted to perform a surfacing essentially at said central portion of the buffer; characterized in that said elastic return means comprise a plurality of resiliently flexible lamellae projecting transversely from the rigid support, with each lamella having a distal portion cooperating directly with a said petal; said distal portion being curved in a rounded loop such that the end of each said leaf is turned towards said rigid support.

Les lamelles et les pétales coopèrent ainsi de façon à exercer un effort sur l'interface de façon particulièrement favorable tant à la conformation générale de l'outil qu'à sa capacité de déformation pour suivre les variations d'altitude de la surface à travailler, y compris lorsqu'elle présente de fortes variations d'altitude comme c'est le cas lorsqu'il s'agit de l'une des faces d'un verre de lunettes prévu pour corriger la vision d'un porteur presbyte, myope et astigmate.The lamellae and the petals thus cooperate in such a way as to exert a stress on the interface in a way that is particularly favorable both to the general conformation of the tool and to its deformation capacity to follow the variations in altitude of the surface to be worked, including when there are strong variations in altitude, as is the case when one of the faces of a Eyeglass lens intended to correct the vision of a presbyopic, myopic and astigmatic wearer.

En particulier, la conformation des portions distales des lamelles procure un accompagnement des déformations (amortissement) souple, progressif et continu.In particular, the conformation of the distal portions of the lamellae provides flexible, progressive and continuous deformation support (damping).

Selon des caractéristiques préférées, chaque lamelle élastique est une lamelle individuelle rapportée sur ledit support rigide.According to preferred features, each elastic lamella is an individual lamella attached to said rigid support.

L'assemblage des lamelles avec le support rigide est certes plus complexe que si les lamelles faisaient partie d'une pièce étoilée, mais vu l'existence de la portion distale recourbée de chaque lamelle, le caractère individuel ou distinct des lamelles est particulièrement intéressant, du fait de la commodité et la simplicité de réalisation des lamelles qu'il offre.The assembly of the lamellae with the rigid support is certainly more complex than if the lamellae were part of a starry part, but considering the existence of the curved distal portion of each lamella, the individual or distinct nature of the lamellae is particularly interesting, because of the convenience and simplicity of realization of the slats it offers.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques préférées, chaque lamelle élastique est rapportée de façon permanente sur ledit support rigide.According to other preferred features, each elastic lamella is permanently attached to said rigid support.

Alternativement, selon d'autres caractéristiques préférées, ledit support rigide et chaque lamelle élastique sont agencés pour que chaque lamelle élastique soit rapportée sur ledit support rigide de façon démontable et remontable.Alternatively, according to other preferred features, said rigid support and each elastic strip are arranged so that each elastic strip is attached to said rigid support removably and removably.

De préférence, ledit support rigide comporte pour chaque lamelle une cavité présentant un renfoncement de retenue tandis que chaque lamelle comporte une portion en U adaptée à être logée dans une dite cavité du support, avec une branche de ladite portion en U qui comporte un nez adapté à pénétrer dans ledit renfoncement.Preferably, said rigid support comprises for each lamella a cavity having a retaining recess while each lamella comprises a U-shaped portion adapted to be housed in a said cavity of the support, with a branch of said U-shaped portion having a suitable nose to enter said recess.

De préférence, pour chaque lamelle l'outil comporte une cale en matière élastiquement compressible qui s'insère à force entre les branches de la portion en U.Preferably, for each blade, the tool comprises a wedge of elastically compressible material which is inserted forcefully between the branches of the U-shaped portion.

De préférence, chaque dite cale présente une portion distale arrondie comme la base de la portion en U et une portion proximale qui présente une languette saillant entre deux épaulements.Preferably, each said wedge has a rounded distal portion as the base of the U-shaped portion and a proximal portion which has a tongue protruding between two shoulders.

De préférence, l'outil comporte au niveau de l'ouverture de chaque cavité une nervure du coté opposé à celui où est ménagé ledit renfoncement.Preferably, the tool comprises at the opening of each cavity a rib on the opposite side to that is formed said recess.

De préférence, ladite nervure présente un passage central pour une languette d'extraction de ladite lamelle hors de ladite cavité.Preferably, said rib has a central passage for a tab for extracting said lamella from said cavity.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques préférées, il y a davantage de dits pétales que de dites lamelles.According to other preferred characteristics, there are more said petals than said lamellae.

De préférence, il y a deux fois plus de pétales que de lamelles.Preferably, there are twice as many petals as lamellae.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques préférées, ladite surface d'extrémité de la collerette est à fleur de ladite surface d'extrémité dudit support.According to other preferred features, said end surface of the flange is flush with said end surface of said support.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques préférées, ledit support rigide comporte une cavité d'accueil de la tête d'une broche de machine de surfaçage.According to other preferred features, said rigid support comprises a cavity for receiving the head of a surfacing machine spindle.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques préférées, ladite embase est en matière plastique moulée d'une seule pièce.According to other preferred features, said base is made of plastic material molded in one piece.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques préférées, chaque lamelle est en acier à ressort.According to other preferred features, each slat is made of spring steel.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

L'exposé de l'invention sera maintenant poursuivi par la description détaillée d'exemples de réalisation, donnée ci-après à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux figures 4 et suivantes des dessins annexés. Sur ceux-ci :

  • la figure 4 est une vue de dessus d'une partie de l'outil conforme à l'invention, et plus précisément de l'embase et des lamelles ;
  • la figure 5 est la vue en élévation-section repérée par V-V sur la figure 4 ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une autre portion de l'outil selon l'invention, comportant l'interface élastiquement compressible et le tampon souple ;
  • les figures 7 et 8 sont des vues semblables aux figures 4 et 5 montrant une variante de l'embase et des lamelles ;
  • la figure 9 est, en agrandissement par rapport à la figure 8, une vue en élévation de l'une des lamelles que comporte l'outil, dans la position qu'elle prend au repos, c'est-à-dire en l'absence de contraintes externes ;
  • la figure 10 est la vue repérée par X-X sur la figure 9 ; et
  • les figures 11 et 12 sont, en agrandissement par rapport à la figure 8, des vues respectivement en élévation et en plan de la cale de maintien prévue pour chaque lamelle.
The description of the invention will now be continued by the detailed description of exemplary embodiments, given below by way of illustration and without limitation, with reference to figures 4 and following of the accompanying drawings. On these:
  • the figure 4 is a top view of a portion of the tool according to the invention, and more specifically of the base and the lamellae;
  • the figure 5 is the elevation-section view marked by VV on the figure 4 ;
  • the figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of another portion of the tool according to the invention, comprising the elastically compressible interface and the flexible pad;
  • the figures 7 and 8 are views similar to Figures 4 and 5 showing a variant of the base and slats;
  • the figure 9 is, in enlargement compared to the figure 8 , an elevational view of one of the slats that the tool comprises, in the position it takes at rest, that is to say in the absence of external constraints;
  • the figure 10 is the view spotted by XX on the figure 9 ; and
  • the Figures 11 and 12 are, in enlargement compared to the figure 8 , views respectively in elevation and in plan of the holding wedge provided for each lamella.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'EXEMPLES DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Dans ce qui suit, on a employé pour l'outil conforme à l'invention les mêmes références numériques que pour l'outil 1, mais augmentées de 100.In what follows, the same numerical references as for tool 1 were used for the tool according to the invention, but increased by 100.

D'une façon générale, l'outil 101 est agencé comme l'outil 1, avec :

  • un support rigide 104 présentant une surface transversale d'extrémité 113 ;
  • une interface élastiquement compressible 105 (figure 6) qui est appliquée contre et recouvre la surface d'extrémité 113 ;
  • un tampon souple 106 (figure 6) apte à être appliqué contre la surface optique telle que 2 d'une lentille telle que 3 et qui est appliqué contre et recouvre au moins en partie l'interface 105 à l'opposé et au droit de la surface d'extrémité 113, le tampon 106 comportant une partie centrale qui se trouve au droit de la surface d'extrémité 113 et une partie périphérique qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de la surface d'extrémité 113 ; et
  • des moyens de rappel élastique 115, formés ici par un ensemble de lamelles élastiquement flexibles 118, raccordant la partie périphérique du tampon 106 au support 104, la combinaison de la partie périphérique du tampon 106 et des moyens de rappel formant un moyen de stabilisation de l'outil 101 lors du surfaçage, l'outil 101 étant adapté à réaliser un surfaçage pour l'essentiel au niveau de la partie centrale du tampon 106.
In general, the tool 101 is arranged as the tool 1, with:
  • a rigid support 104 having a transverse end surface 113;
  • an elastically compressible interface 105 ( figure 6 ) which is applied against and covers the end surface 113;
  • a flexible pad 106 ( figure 6 ) adapted to be applied against the optical surface such as 2 of a lens such as 3 and which is applied against and covers at least part of the interface 105 opposite and to the right of the end surface 113, the buffer 106 having a central portion which is right of the end surface 113 and a peripheral portion which is transversely beyond the end surface 113; and
  • elastic return means 115, formed here by a set of elastically flexible strips 118, connecting the peripheral portion of the buffer 106 to the support 104, the combination of the peripheral portion of the buffer 106 and return means forming a means of stabilizing the 101 during the surfacing, the tool 101 being adapted to perform a surfacing essentially at the central portion of the buffer 106.

Le support 104 appartient à une embase 130 qui présente une partie périphérique flexible 131 se trouvant transversalement au-delà du support rigide 104, qui est disposé centralement.The support 104 belongs to a base 130 which has a flexible peripheral portion 131 located transversely beyond the rigid support 104, which is centrally disposed.

La partie périphérique 131 forme globalement une collerette flexible ayant un diamètre externe (grand diamètre) semblable au diamètre externe de l'interface 105 et du tampon 106.The peripheral portion 131 generally forms a flexible collar having an outer diameter (large diameter) similar to the outer diameter of the interface 105 and the buffer 106.

Le diamètre interne (petit diamètre) de la collerette flexible 131 correspond au diamètre externe du support 104, la collerette 131 saillant de la paroi latérale du support 104.The inner diameter (small diameter) of the flexible collar 131 corresponds to the external diameter of the support 104, the flange 131 projecting from the lateral wall of the support 104.

Dans l'exemple illustré sur les figures 4 à 6, le support 104 et la collerette périphérique flexible 131 sont en matière plastique moulée d'une seule pièce, le support 104 étant massif au moins au voisinage de la surface 113 afin de présenter la rigidité requise tandis que la collerette 131 est à faible épaisseur de paroi afin d'être flexible.In the example shown on the Figures 4 to 6 , the support 104 and the flexible peripheral collar 131 are made of one-piece molded plastic, the support 104 being solid at least in the vicinity of the surface 113 in order to have the required rigidity while the collar 131 is of small thickness. wall to be flexible.

Dans l'exemple préféré illustré sur les figures 4 à 6, la collerette 131 présente quatorze fentes 133 orientées radialement et réparties équi-angulairement, de sorte que la collerette 131 est subdivisée en quatorze pétales 134 chacun conformé globalement en tronc de secteur angulaire.In the preferred example illustrated on Figures 4 to 6 , the flange 131 has fourteen slots 133 oriented radially and distributed equi-angularly, so that the flange 131 is subdivided into fourteen petals 134 each generally formed as an angular sector trunk.

La subdivision de la collerette 131 en pétales permet à cette collerette d'être flexible afin de se conformer à différentes courbures de surfaces à polir.The subdivision of the collar 131 into petals allows this collar to be flexible in order to conform to different curvatures of surfaces to be polished.

La surface d'extrémité 113 du support 104 est à fleur de la surface 132 de la collerette 131 située du même côté.The end surface 113 of the support 104 is flush with the surface 132 of the flange 131 on the same side.

Le fait que le support 104 et la collerette 131 soient faits d'une seule pièce permet de réduire les effets de marquage du bord de la surface d'extrémité 113 sur la surface à travailler, de sorte que l'outil 101 permet d'effectuer des surfaçages offrant une grande qualité d'aspect.The fact that the support 104 and the flange 131 are made in one piece makes it possible to reduce the effects of marking the edge of the end surface 113 on the surface to be worked, so that the tool 101 makes it possible to perform surfacing with a high quality of appearance.

Du fait de la différence d'épaisseur entre la collerette 131 et le support 104, il existe, du côté opposé aux surfaces 132 et 113, un épaulement 135 à la jonction entre la collerette 131 et le support 104.Because of the difference in thickness between the flange 131 and the support 104, there is, on the opposite side to the surfaces 132 and 113, a shoulder 135 at the junction between the flange 131 and the support 104.

D'une façon générale, le support 104 a le contour externe d'un chapeau avec une portion proximale 137 qui présente un diamètre externe plus petit que la portion distale 136 à laquelle appartiennent la surface d'extrémité 113 et l'épaulement 135.In general, the support 104 has the outer contour of a cap with a proximal portion 137 which has an outer diameter smaller than the distal portion 136 to which the end surface 113 and the shoulder 135 belong.

La portion proximale 137 sert à raccorder le support 104, et plus généralement l'embase 130, à la broche de la machine de surfaçage permettant à l'outil 101 de coopérer avec une surface optique telle que 2 de la façon expliquée ci-dessus à l'appui des figures 2 et 3.The proximal portion 137 serves to connect the support 104, and more generally the base 130, to the spindle of the surfacing machine allowing the tool 101 to cooperate with an optical surface such as 2 in the manner explained above at support from Figures 2 and 3 .

La partie proximale 137 présente une cavité 140 d'accueil de la tête de broche. La cavité 140 est conformée globalement comme trois-quarts d'une sphère.The proximal portion 137 has a cavity 140 for receiving the spindle head. The cavity 140 is generally shaped like three-quarters of a sphere.

La tête de broche prévue pour être accueillie dans la cavité 140 comporte une extrémité en portion de sphère conformée de façon semblable.The spindle head adapted to be accommodated in the cavity 140 has a spherical portion end shaped similarly.

L'assemblage entre la partie proximale 137 et la broche de la machine se fait par simple encliquetage, l'épaisseur de la partie 137 étant suffisamment faible.The assembly between the proximal portion 137 and the spindle of the machine is by simple snapping, the thickness of the portion 137 is sufficiently small.

Lorsque la tête de broche est engagée dans la cavité 140, l'outil 101 coopère en liaison rotule par rapport à la broche.When the spindle head is engaged in the cavity 140, the tool 101 co-operates in a ball joint relation to the spindle.

On notera que le centre de la cavité 140 est particulièrement proche de la surface d'extrémité 113, ce qui permet à l'outil 101 de s'orienter de façon optimale par rapport à la surface telle que 2 avec laquelle l'outil 101 doit coopérer.It should be noted that the center of the cavity 140 is particularly close to the end surface 113, which allows the tool 101 to orient itself optimally with respect to the surface such as 2 with which the tool 101 must cooperate.

On va maintenant décrire en détail les moyens de rappel élastique 115.The elastic return means 115 will now be described in detail.

Ceux-ci comportent une pluralité de lamelles élastiquement flexibles 118, ici au nombre de sept, réparties équi-angulairement, qui saillent transversalement du support 104 jusqu'à être en appui sur la collerette flexible 131, du même coté que la portion 137.These comprise a plurality of elastically flexible strips 118, here seven in number, distributed equi-angularly, which project transversely from the support 104 to rest on the flexible collar 131, on the same side as the portion 137.

En pratique, chaque lamelle 118 est assujettie rigidement au support 104 par des vis 141 qui plaquent sa portion proximale 142, qui est plate, sur une surface annulaire 143 du support 104 situé entre la portion 137 et l'épaulement 135.In practice, each lamella 118 is rigidly attached to the support 104 by screws 141 which plate its proximal portion 142, which is flat, on an annular surface 143 of the support 104 situated between the portion 137 and the shoulder 135.

Les lamelles 118 sont disposées angulairement afin que chacune soit centrée vis-à-vis du pétale 134 associé.The lamellae 118 are arranged angularly so that each is centered with respect to the associated petal 134.

On observera que les lamelles 118 ont une longueur telle qu'elles s'étendent chacune transversalement au-delà de la collerette 131.It will be observed that the slats 118 have a length such that they extend each transversely beyond the flange 131.

Les lamelles 118 présentent chacune une portion distale 144 recourbée vers le pétale 134 associé suivant une boucle arrondie telle que l'extrémité 145 de la lamelle 118 soit tournée vers le support 104, la zone de contact entre les lamelle 118 et pétale 134 étant située en deçà de l'extrémité 145.The lamellae 118 each have a distal portion 144 curved towards the petal 134 associated in a rounded loop so that the end 145 of the lamella 118 is turned towards the support 104, the zone contact between the lamella 118 and petal 134 being located below the end 145.

Grâce à cette conformation, chaque lamelle 118 peut glisser librement sur le pétale 134 associé lorsqu'ils se déforment, puisque c'est par une zone relativement plate que chaque lamelle 118 est en contact avec le pétale 134 associé, sur une portion terminale de celui-ci relativement plate.Thanks to this conformation, each lamella 118 can slide freely on the associated petal 134 when they deform, since it is by a relatively flat area that each lamella 118 is in contact with the associated petal 134, on a terminal portion of that it is relatively flat.

On observera que si la portion terminale 144 avait été conformée pour que l'extrémité 145 soit tournée vers la lamelle 118, et donc si c'était par l'extrémité 145 que la lamelle 118 portait sur le pétale 134, le glissement se produirait dans de moins bonnes conditions en raison de la faible zone de contact offerte par l'extrémité 145.It will be observed that if the end portion 144 had been shaped so that the end 145 is turned towards the lamella 118, and therefore if it was through the end 145 that the lamella 118 bore on the petal 134, the sliding would occur in poorer conditions because of the weak contact zone offered by the end 145.

En pratique, ici, chaque lamelle 118 est d'abord inclinée vers l'opposé du pétale 134 associé puis se recourbe vers le pétale associé 134 sur environ un demi-tour.In practice, here, each lamella 118 is first inclined towards the opposite of the associated petal 134 and then bends towards the associated petal 134 for about half a turn.

On observera, comme on le voit sur la figure 5, qu'ici la zone de contact est au voisinage de la périphérie de la collerette 134.We will observe, as we see on the figure 5 , that here the contact zone is in the vicinity of the periphery of the flange 134.

La conformation des lamelles 118 et des pétales 134 est telle qu'en l'absence de contrainte externe (situation illustrée sur la figure 5) l'ensemble formé par les surfaces 113 et 132 est concave.The conformation of lamellae 118 and petals 134 is such that in the absence of external constraint (situation illustrated in FIG. figure 5 ) the assembly formed by the surfaces 113 and 132 is concave.

Comme indiqué ci-dessus, le diamètre de l'interface 105 et du tampon 106 correspond au diamètre externe de la collerette 131.As indicated above, the diameter of the interface 105 and the buffer 106 corresponds to the external diameter of the flange 131.

L'assujettissement entre l'interface 105 et l'embase 130 s'effectue grâce à un adhésif double face 150 disposé entre l'interface 105 et les surfaces 113 et 132 de l'embase 130.The securing between the interface 105 and the base 130 is performed by a double-sided adhesive 150 disposed between the interface 105 and the surfaces 113 and 132 of the base 130.

Dans l'exemple illustré, l'interface élastiquement compressible 105 est une mousse ayant une épaisseur de l'ordre de 9 mm avec une peau brillante qui est située du côté du tampon 106.In the example illustrated, the elastically compressible interface 105 is a foam having a thickness of the order of 9 mm with a glossy skin which is located on the side of the pad 106.

Du côté opposé à la peau, c'est-à-dire du côté de l'adhésif double face 150, est thermo-soudée une pellicule 151 en polyester (PET), ayant par exemple une épaisseur de 23 micromètres.On the side opposite the skin, that is to say on the side of the double-sided adhesive 150, is heat-welded a film 151 of polyester (PET), having for example a thickness of 23 microns.

La liaison entre l'interface élastiquement compressible 105 et le tampon souple 106 se fait grâce à une couche 152 de mastic d'encollage, ici une couche de 0,5 mm d'épaisseur.The connection between the elastically compressible interface 105 and the flexible pad 106 is done through a layer 152 of sizing putty, here a layer of 0.5 mm thick.

Toujours dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 6, le tampon souple 106 a une épaisseur de l'ordre de 1 mm et l'adhésif double face 150 a une épaisseur de l'ordre de 0,32 mm.Still in the example shown on the figure 6 , the flexible pad 106 has a thickness of the order of 1 mm and the double-sided adhesive 150 has a thickness of the order of 0.32 mm.

Le diamètre de l'interface 105 et du tampon 106 est de l'ordre de 55 mm.The diameter of the interface 105 and the buffer 106 is of the order of 55 mm.

L'embase 130 est en matière plastique moulée d'une seule pièce par injection.The base 130 is made of plastic molded in one piece by injection.

Dans l'exemple illustré, l'embase 130, qui doit à la fois être rigide au voisinage de la surface d'extrémité 113 et flexible au niveau de la collerette 131 et de la partie proximale 137 pour permettre les encliquetages, tout en offrant une bonne résistance à l'usure pour la coopération avec la tête de broche, est en polypropylène (PP) ou en polyéthylène haute densité (par exemple PEHD 1000).In the example shown, the base 130, which must both be rigid in the vicinity of the end surface 113 and flexible at the collar 131 and the proximal portion 137 to allow the snaps, while providing a good wear resistance for cooperation with the spindle head, is made of polypropylene (PP) or high density polyethylene (eg HDPE 1000).

L'embase présente ainsi une bonne résistance à l'usure pour la coopération avec la tête de broche et permet un collage aisé avec l'interface 105.The base thus has good wear resistance for cooperation with the spindle head and allows easy bonding with the interface 105.

La surface d'extrémité 113 du support 104 est conformée comme une portion de sphère ayant un rayon de courbure de l'ordre de 70 mm.The end surface 113 of the support 104 is shaped like a sphere portion having a radius of curvature of the order of 70 mm.

Lorsque l'embase 130 est au repos, c'est-à-dire en l'absence de sollicitations externes, la surface 132 de la collerette 131 qui, comme indiqué ci-dessus, est à fleur de la surface 113, est conformée avec la même courbure.When the base 130 is at rest, that is to say in the absence of external stresses, the surface 132 of the flange 131 which, as indicated above, is flush with the surface 113, is shaped with the same curvature.

Grâce à la collerette 131, la surface de contact entre l'interface 105 et le reste de l'outil, en l'occurrence l'embase 130, est particulièrement importante puisqu'elle est formée à la fois par la surface 113 et par la surface 132.Thanks to the flange 131, the contact surface between the interface 105 and the rest of the tool, in this case the base 130, is particularly important since it is formed both by the surface 113 and by the surface 132.

Cela assure une répartition uniforme de la pression exercée sur la surface à travailler, telle que la surface 2 de la lentille 3.This ensures a uniform distribution of the pressure exerted on the surface to be worked, such as the surface 2 of the lens 3.

On évite en particulier de risquer, comme avec l'outil antérieur illustré sur les figures 1 à 3, de marquer la surface à travailler par le bord, en forme d'arrête, de la surface d'extrémité 13.In particular, risk is avoided, as with the previous tool illustrated on the Figures 1 to 3 , to mark the surface to be worked by the rim-shaped edge of the end surface 13.

Cela permet plus généralement à l'outil 101 d'effectuer des surfaçages ayant des qualités d'aspect particulièrement élevées.This more generally allows the tool 101 to perform surfacing having particularly high aspect qualities.

Par ailleurs, le fait de disposer à la fois de la surface 113 et de la surface 132 facilite l'encollage de l'interface 105 avec le support rigide 104.Moreover, the fact of having both surface 113 and surface 132 facilitates the gluing of interface 105 with rigid support 104.

Lorsque l'outil 101 est appliqué contre une surface à travailler convexe telle que la surface 2 montrée sur les figures 1 à 3, l'interface élastiquement compressible 105 se comprime fortement au niveau de la partie centrale et l'effort exercé par les lamelles 118 est utile pour forcer la partie périphérique du tampon 106 à rester au contact de la surface telle que 2.When the tool 101 is applied against a convex work surface such as the surface 2 shown on the Figures 1 to 3 , the elastically compressible interface 105 is strongly compressed at the central portion and the force exerted by the slats 118 is useful for forcing the peripheral portion of the pad 106 to remain in contact with the surface such that 2.

Au cours du surfaçage, le fait que les lamelles 118 exercent sur les pétales 134 un effort dirigé vers l'interface 105 au niveau de la périphérie de celle-ci, permet à l'outil 101 d'être particulièrement performant en matière de maintien du contact avec la surface à travailler telle que 2, y compris lorsque celle-ci présente de fortes variations d'altitude, par exemple s'il s'agit d'une face d'un verre de lunettes pour corriger la vision d'un porteur presbyte, myope et astigmate.During surfacing, the fact that the lamellae 118 exert on the petals 134 a force directed towards the interface 105 at the periphery of the latter, allows the tool 101 to be particularly efficient in terms of maintaining the contact with the working surface such as 2, even when the latter has large variations in altitude, for example if it is a face of a spectacle lens to correct the vision of a wearer presbyopic, myopic and astigmatic.

La conformation de la partie terminale 144 offre l'avantage, grâce à son caractère arrondi, de procurer un amortissement souple, progressif et continu, favorable aux performances de l'outil 101.The conformation of the end portion 144 offers the advantage, thanks to its rounded nature, to provide a smooth, progressive and continuous damping, favorable to the performance of the tool 101.

On notera qu'il aurait été possible de conformer la portion distale 144 non pas de façon arrondie mais avec un pli qui jouerait le rôle d'une charnière entre deux portions plates. Une telle conformation serait moins performante car avec une telle charnière, on perdrait le caractère progressif et continu de l'amortissement.It will be noted that it would have been possible to conform the distal portion 144 not in a rounded manner but with a fold which would act as a hinge between two flat portions. Such a conformation would be less efficient because with such a hinge, one would lose the progressive and continuous character of depreciation.

On va maintenant décrire à l'appui des figures 7 et 8 une variante 130' de l'embase 130. On a employé pour les éléments similaires les mêmes références numériques, mais avec un exposant '.We will now describe in support of figures 7 and 8 a variant 130 'of the base 130. The same reference numerals have been used for the similar elements, but with an exponent'.

L'embase 130' est agencée comme l'embase 130 mais alors que chaque lamelle élastique 118 est rapportée de façon permanente sur le support 104 (ici, les vis 141 ne peuvent être enlevées), le support rigide 104' et chaque lamelle élastique 118' sont agencés pour que chaque lamelle élastique 118' soit rapportée sur ledit support rigide 104' de façon démontable et remontable.The base 130 'is arranged as the base 130 but while each elastic strip 118 is permanently attached to the support 104 (here, the screws 141 can not be removed), the rigid support 104 'and each elastic strip 118' are arranged so that each elastic strip 118 'is attached to said rigid support 104' removably and removably.

Le caractère interchangeable qu'ont alors les lamelles est particulièrement intéressant pour des questions de maintenance et/ou de réglages fins du comportement de l'outil.The interchangeable nature that the slats then have is particularly interesting for maintenance issues and / or fine adjustments of the behavior of the tool.

En pratique, le support 104' comporte pour chaque lamelle 118' une cavité 146 présentant un renfoncement de retenue 147 tandis que chaque lamelle comporte une portion en U 148 adaptée à être logée dans une cavité 146 du support 104', avec une branche de la portion en U 148 qui comporte un nez 149 adapté à pénétrer dans le renfoncement 147.In practice, the support 104 'comprises for each lamella 118' a cavity 146 having a retaining recess 147 while each lamella has a U-shaped portion 148 adapted to be housed in a cavity 146 of the support 104 ', with a branch of the U-shaped portion 148 which has a nose 149 adapted to penetrate the recess 147.

En outre du renfoncement 147, pour retenir chaque lamelle 118', il est prévu une nervure 160 au niveau de l'ouverture de chaque cavité 146, la nervure 160 étant du coté opposé à celui où est ménagé le renfoncement 147.In addition to the recess 147, to retain each lamella 118 ', there is provided a rib 160 at the opening of each cavity 146, the rib 160 being on the opposite side to that which is formed the recess 147.

La nervure 160 présente en son centre un passage dans lequel prend place une languette 155 (voir plus particulièrement les figures 9 et 10) saillant au bout de la branche 156 de la portion en U 148 opposée à la branche comportant le nez 149.The rib 160 has at its center a passage in which takes place a tongue 155 (see more particularly the Figures 9 and 10 ) protruding at the end of the branch 156 of the U-shaped portion 148 opposite the branch having the nose 149.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 10, la languette 155 saille entre deux épaulements 157 de la portion 156. Ce sont les épaulements 157 qui portent sur la nervure 160. La languette 155 sert à extraire la lamelle 118' du logement 146.As we see on the figure 10 , the tongue 155 protrudes between two shoulders 157 of the portion 156. It is the shoulders 157 which bear on the rib 160. The tongue 155 serves to extract the lamella 118 'of the housing 146.

On observera, ainsi que le montre la figure 9, qu'au repos (en l'absence de contraintes externes) la portion en U 148 présentent un angle au sommet A qui est plus important que lorsque la portion 148 est en place dans le logement 146.We will observe, as the figure 9 at rest (in the absence of external stresses) the U-shaped portion 148 has an apex angle A which is larger than when the portion 148 is in place in the housing 146.

Toujours pour retenir chaque lamelle 118' dans une cavité 146, il est également prévu ici une cale 161, en matière élastiquement compressible, qui s'insère à force entre les branches de la portion en U 148.Still to retain each lamella 118 'in a cavity 146, there is also provided here a wedge 161 of elastically compressible material, which is inserted by force between the branches of the U-shaped portion 148.

La cale 161 présente une portion distale 162 qui est arrondie comme la base de la portion en U 148 et une portion proximale 163 qui présente une languette 164 saillant entre deux épaulements 165.The wedge 161 has a distal portion 162 which is rounded as the base of the U-shaped portion 148 and a proximal portion 163 which has a tongue 164 projecting between two shoulders 165.

Les épaulements 165 servent de butée contre la nervure 160. La languette 164 prend place dans le passage du centre de la nervure 160. La languette 164 sert à extraire la cale 161.The shoulders 165 serve as a stop against the rib 160. The tongue 164 takes place in the passage of the center of the rib 160. The tongue 164 serves to extract the shim 161.

Dans les exemples illustrés, il y a deux fois plus de pétales 134 ou 134' que de lamelles 118 ou 118' car cela procure ici une excellente capacité de déformation pour suivre une surface telle que la surface 2. Dans des variantes non illustrées, suivant les circonstances, il y a aussi davantage de pétales que de lamelles mais avec un ratio différent par exemple deux lamelles pour trois pétales, voire il y a autant de pétales que de lamelles.In the illustrated examples, there are twice as many petals 134 or 134 'as lamellae 118 or 118' because this provides an excellent deformation capacity to follow a surface such as surface 2. In non-illustrated variants, following the circumstances, there are also more petals than slats but with a different ratio for example two lamellae for three petals, or there are as many petals as lamellae.

Dans des variantes non illustrées du mode de réalisation à lamelles indémontables ou rapportées de façon permanente sur le support rigide (mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 4 et 5), les lamelles sont fixées autrement que par vis, par exemple par collage, rivetage, surmoulage voire grâce à la présence d'un insert de bridage surmoulé.In non-illustrated variants of the embodiment with strips that can not be dismantled or permanently attached to the rigid support (embodiment shown in FIGS. Figures 4 and 5 ), the slats are fixed otherwise than by screws, for example by gluing, riveting, overmoulding or even thanks to the presence of an overmoulded clamping insert.

Dans des variantes non illustrées du mode de réalisation à lamelles démontables et remontables (mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 7 à 11), la fixation se fait par des vis amovibles, les logements des lamelles sont formés par inserts surmoulés (embase composite), le support est en deux parties encliquetées, par exemple avec une partie métallique (partie qui coopère avec la broche).In non-illustrated variants of the embodiment with removable and reassemblable lamellae (embodiment illustrated in FIGS. Figures 7 to 11 ), the fixing is done by removable screws, the slots of the slats are formed by molded inserts (composite base), the support is in two parts latched, for example with a metal part (part which cooperates with the pin).

Dans encore une variante non illustrée, les moyens de rappel élastiques formés par des lamelles individuelles sont remplacés par une ou plusieurs pièces étoilées.In yet another variant not illustrated, the elastic return means formed by individual slats are replaced by one or more starred parts.

Dans des variantes non illustrées, l'embase de l'outil selon l'invention comporte un nombre de pétales différent de quatorze, par exemple six ou seize et les fentes délimitant les pétales présentent des formes différentes, par exemple avec des ondulations.In non-illustrated variants, the base of the tool according to the invention comprises a number of petals different from fourteen, for example six or sixteen and the slots defining the petals have different shapes, for example with corrugations.

Dans encore d'autre variantes non illustrées, le support 104 est conformé différemment, par exemple en deux parties formant des mors comme dans l'outil antérieur illustré sur les figures 1 à 3.In yet other variants not illustrated, the support 104 is shaped differently, for example in two parts forming jaws as in the previous tool illustrated on the Figures 1 to 3 .

Dans encore d'autres variantes de l'outil selon l'invention, les éléments autres que l'embase sont agencés différemment, par exemple comme illustré sur les figures 1 à 3.In still other variants of the tool according to the invention, the elements other than the base are arranged differently, for example as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1 to 3 .

De nombreuses autres variantes sont possibles en fonction des circonstances, et on rappelle à cet égard que l'invention ne se limite pas aux exemples décrits et représentés.Many other variants are possible depending on the circumstances, and it is recalled in this regard that the invention is not limited to the examples described and shown.

Claims (15)

  1. Optical quality surfacing tool comprising: a base (130 ; 130') comprising a flexible collar (131 ; 131') and a rigid support (104 ; 104') surrounded by said collar (131 ; 131'), which collar (131 ; 131') is subdivided into petals (134 ; 134'), said rigid support (104 ; 104') having a transverse end surface (113 ; 113') ; an elastically compressible interface (105) connected to the base (130 ; 130'), comprising a part referred to as central which is located in line with said end surface (113 ; 113') of the rigid support (104 ; 104') and a part referred to as peripheral which is located transversely beyond said end surface (113 ; 113') of the rigid support (104 ; 104'), said elastically compressible interface (105) being applied against and covering an end surface (132 ; 132') of said collar situated on the same side as the end surface (113 ; 113') of the rigid support (104 ; 104') ; a flexible buffer (106) adapted to be applied against a surface to be worked, connected to the interface (105) on the opposite side to the rigid support (104 ; 104'), comprising a part referred to as central which is located in line with said end surface (113 ; 113') of the rigid support (104 ; 104') and a part referred to as peripheral which is located transversely beyond said end surface (113 ; 113') of the rigid support (104 ; 104') ; as well as elastic return means (115 ; 115') disposed between said rigid support (104 ; 104') and the peripheral part of said interface (105), the combination of said peripheral part of the buffer (106), of said peripheral part of the interface (105) and of the elastic return means (115 ; 115') forming a means for stabilizing the tool (101 : 101') during the surfacing, said tool (101 ; 101') being adapted to perform surfacing for the most part at the central part of the buffer (106); characterized in that said elastic return means (115 ; 115') comprise a plurality of elastically flexible strips (118 ; 118') which project transversely from the rigid support (104 ; 104'), each strip (118 ; 118') having a distal portion (144 ; 144') in direct bearing cooperation with a said petal (134 ; 134'); said distal portion being curved in a rounded curl such that the end (145 ; 145') of each said strip (118 ; 118') is turned towards said rigid support (104 ; 104').
  2. Tool according to Claim 1, characterized in that each elastic strip (118 ; 118') is an individual strip mounted onto said rigid support (104 ; 104').
  3. Tool according to Claim 2, characterized in that each elastic strip (118) is permanently mounted onto said rigid support (104).
  4. Tool according to Claim 2, characterized in that said rigid support (104') and each elastic strip (118') are arranged in order for each elastic strip (118') to be mounted onto said rigid support in demountable and remountable manner.
  5. Tool according to Claim 4, characterized in that said rigid support (104') comprises for each strip (118') a cavity (146) having a retaining recess (147) while each strip (118') comprises a U-shaped portion (148) adapted to be accommodated in a said cavity (146) of the support (104'), with one branch of said U-shaped portion comprising a nose (149) adapted to enter said recess (147).
  6. Tool according to Claim 5, characterized in that for each strip (118'), it comprises a wedge (161) of elastically compressible material which forcibly inserts between the branches of the U-shaped portion (148).
  7. Tool according to Claim 6, characterized in that each said wedge (161) has a distal portion (162) which is rounded like the base of the U-shaped portion (148) and a proximal portion (163) which has a tab (164) projecting between two shoulders (165).
  8. Tool according to any one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that at the location of the opening of each cavity it comprises a rib (160) on the opposite side to that at which said recess (147) is formed.
  9. Tool according to Claim 8, characterized in that said rib (160) has a central passage for a tab (155) for extracting said strip (118') out of said cavity (146).
  10. Tool according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that there are more said petals (134 ; 134') than said strips (118 ; 118').
  11. Tool according to Claim 10, characterized in that there are twice as many petals (134 ; 134') as strips (118 ; 118').
  12. Tool according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said end surface (132 ; 132') of the collar (131 ; 131') is flush with said end surface (113 ; 113') of said support (104 ; 104').
  13. Tool according to any one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said rigid support (104 ; 104') comprises a cavity (140 ; 140') for receiving the head of a surfacing machine arbor.
  14. Tool according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said base (130 ; 130') is a onepiece plastics molding.
  15. Tool according to any one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that each said strip (118 ; 118') is of spring steel.
EP10805455.2A 2009-12-08 2010-11-30 Optical-grade surfacing tool Active EP2509744B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0958768A FR2953433B1 (en) 2009-12-08 2009-12-08 SURFACE TOOL WITH OPTICAL QUALITY
PCT/FR2010/052574 WO2011070267A1 (en) 2009-12-08 2010-11-30 Optical-grade surfacing tool

Publications (2)

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EP2509744A1 EP2509744A1 (en) 2012-10-17
EP2509744B1 true EP2509744B1 (en) 2014-04-02

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EP10805455.2A Active EP2509744B1 (en) 2009-12-08 2010-11-30 Optical-grade surfacing tool

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US (1) US8894471B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2509744B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102648071B (en)
BR (1) BR112012013562A2 (en)
FR (1) FR2953433B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011070267A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR112016008853B1 (en) * 2013-10-25 2022-10-04 Essilor International OPTICAL QUALITY SURFING TOOL AND SURFING MACHINE
FR3059921B1 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-05-24 Essilor International SURFACE TOOL WITH OPTICAL QUALITY

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1701669A (en) * 1925-10-12 1929-02-12 American Optical Corp Grinding machine
US1665292A (en) * 1925-11-27 1928-04-10 Gen Motors Corp Buffer
FR2834662B1 (en) 2002-01-16 2004-05-14 Essilor Int TOOL FOR SURFACING AN OPTICAL SURFACE
FR2857610B1 (en) * 2003-07-16 2006-03-17 Essilor Int TOOL FOR SURFACING AN OPTICAL SURFACE
US7744447B2 (en) * 2005-03-16 2010-06-29 Goei, Co., Ltd. Abrasive disc
FR2900356B1 (en) 2006-04-27 2008-07-18 Essilor Int TOOL FOR SURFACING AN OPTICAL SURFACE
FR2935628B1 (en) * 2008-09-10 2011-10-14 Essilor Int SURFACE TOOL WITH OPTICAL QUALITY

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FR2953433A1 (en) 2011-06-10
CN102648071A (en) 2012-08-22
CN102648071B (en) 2014-10-22
BR112012013562A2 (en) 2017-03-01
EP2509744A1 (en) 2012-10-17
US20120231713A1 (en) 2012-09-13
FR2953433B1 (en) 2012-02-10
US8894471B2 (en) 2014-11-25
WO2011070267A1 (en) 2011-06-16

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