EP2467642B1 - Brûleur radiant - Google Patents

Brûleur radiant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2467642B1
EP2467642B1 EP10740655.5A EP10740655A EP2467642B1 EP 2467642 B1 EP2467642 B1 EP 2467642B1 EP 10740655 A EP10740655 A EP 10740655A EP 2467642 B1 EP2467642 B1 EP 2467642B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
burner
channels
plate
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10740655.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2467642A2 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Mach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Original Assignee
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik Intellectual Property AB filed Critical Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Publication of EP2467642A2 publication Critical patent/EP2467642A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2467642B1 publication Critical patent/EP2467642B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
    • F23D14/145—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates combustion being stabilised at a screen or a perforated plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/102—Flame diffusing means using perforated plates
    • F23D2203/1023—Flame diffusing means using perforated plates with specific free passage areas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
    • F23D2212/10—Burner material specifications ceramic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
    • F23D2212/20—Burner material specifications metallic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00003—Fuel or fuel-air mixtures flow distribution devices upstream of the outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to burners, in particular a radiant burner, for burning a gas mixture of fuel gas and an oxygen carrier gas.
  • the burner has a burner plate with passageways for the passage of the gas mixture from a mixing chamber side to a combustion side. On the passageways close to combustion channels on the combustion side with an opposite the passageways extended cross-section.
  • Radiant burners or surface burners of the generic type have a mixing chamber in which a gas mixture of fuel gas and an oxygen carrier gas is produced. Adjoining the mixing chamber is a burner plate with passage channels through which the gas mixture flows from the mixing chamber and is burned.
  • the passageways in the burner plate for the passage of the gas mixture from the mixing chamber side to a combustion side are so narrow that the individual flames forming on the outlet side can not strike back into the mixing chamber.
  • a flashback of the flames through the passage channels into the mixing chamber is prevented if the diameter of the passage channels is at least partially smaller than the so-called quenching distance (or quenching distance) of the combustion.
  • the extinguishing distance is the distance from the fuel gas outlet, within which no reactions take place and a flame can not spread, since the released combustion enthalpy is absorbed and discharged by the surrounding burner material and the reaction chains are stopped.
  • the erase distance is not an absolute value, but u.a. depends on the composition of the fuel gas, the fuel gas temperature and the wall temperature.
  • the thermal power generated by the combustion should be distributed evenly over a large area.
  • the burner plate is heated by the flames of gas combustion until it glows and provides effective heat radiation to the Wärmgut. If the flames burn as individual flames over the burner plate, the material is heated only weakly and with low efficiency. In order to achieve effective heating of the burner material, the flame should burn as close to and in close contact with the material as possible. For this purpose, it is preferable to shift the flame into the burner plate by either making it porous and creating a flame carpet in the porous material or by letting the combustion proceed in channels (combustion channels) within the burner plate.
  • a burner plate for a surface burner in which passageways for the fuel gas, whose diameter is smaller than the extinguishing distance of the combustion exit channels on the combustion side with an opposite the passageways extended cross-section, in which the combustion takes place.
  • the object of the invention to provide a burner plate, which allows a drastic reduction of the specific thermal power to communicate with the burner z.
  • plastic material indirectly over a large area to low temperatures of only 100 to 300 ° C to heat. For this purpose, it is necessary that the average surface temperature of the burner plate is lowered well below 900 ° C, without resulting in imperfect combustion or the flame goes out.
  • the individual flames burn on the outlet side surface of the burner plate. As the heat flux density decreases, they progressively retract and migrate into the combustion channels because their diameter is greater than the quenching distance of the combustion. At very low heat flux density, the flames are located at the transition between the passageways and the cross-sectional extensions, since the diameters of the passageways are smaller than the quenching distance of the combustion. This allows the specific thermal performance of the burner according to the DE 100 28 670 very much reduce.
  • a burner plate for a radiant burner is also from the JP 50 030336 U known.
  • the structure described has the disadvantage that at high desired fuel gas flow for a high radiant power and burner temperature, the flames emerge from the combustion channels at the surface of the burner plate, whereby the radiation power decreases and the flame is unprotected against currents and turbulence, causing the flame to extinguish May have consequences.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a radiant burner and a burner plate for a radiant burner, in which the known disadvantages of the prior be overcome by technology and in which a high energy efficiency, a high radiant power and a high flame stability can be achieved.
  • the passageways for the passage of the gas mixture at at least one point over its length to a maximum diameter which is less than the quenching distance of the combustion.
  • maximum diameter in the sense of the present invention designates the longest possible connection within the passage channel transversely to its longitudinal axis or longitudinal extent. For a passageway of circular cross section, the diameter is always equal to the circle diameter.
  • maximum diameter is the diagonal connection of two opposite corners of the square or rectangle, whereas the minimum diameter of a square-section passageway would be the distance between two opposite sides.
  • the minimum diameter of the passageway would be the distance between the two longer, opposite sides of the rectangle.
  • the passageways for the passage of the gas mixture over substantially its entire length have a uniform maximum diameter which is less than the quenching distance of the combustion.
  • the passage channels have an oval or circular cross-section.
  • the maximum diameter remains the same over its entire length of the channel and does not change.
  • the passage channel over its entire length and the same cross section for example, circular, oval, square, rectangular, etc.
  • the combustion channels over their length at least in sections a maximum diameter which is greater than the extinguishing distance of the combustion.
  • the combustion channels have a substantially uniform diameter over their entire length, which is greater than the quenching distance of the combustion.
  • the combustion channels have an oval or circular cross-section.
  • the flames can migrate into the combustion channels and combustion can take place in the combustion channels.
  • the cross section at the transition from the passageways to the combustion channels is tapered, stepped or in a combination of both.
  • a cross-section which becomes wider at the transition from the passage channels to the combustion channels is achieved in that the burner plate is composed of at least two individual plates arranged one above the other, which have channel bores at superposed positions, which in the single plate with the passage channels According to the invention have smaller diameter or cross-section than in the single plate with the combustion channels.
  • flow obstacles are arranged in the combustion channels for contact with the combustion flame, wherein the flow obstacles made of a material are that has a higher thermal conductivity than the material of the burner plate.
  • the flow obstacles are arranged so that the combustion flame touches the flow obstacles.
  • the flow obstacles ensure a stabilization of the flame, especially at high fuel gas flow to produce a high heat flux density.
  • the flow obstacles ensure that the flame emigrates as little as possible from the combustion channels, whereby the heating power is improved.
  • the flame is protected in the channel against currents and gases that can cause extinction.
  • the flame heights are low, so that an item of heat can be positioned or guided closer to the radiation burner. At low burner output, the flame in the combustion channel can heat the flow obstruction, which can thus serve as a source of ignition.
  • the flow obstacles in the burner plate of the burner according to the invention contribute significantly to the fact that the burner flames stabilize much faster when igniting the burner and migrate faster into the combustion channels as without the flow obstacles. They also ensure that the material of the burner plate is heated faster than without the flow obstacles.
  • Radiant burners of the type according to the invention have a very low lower power limit.
  • an increased burning speed in porous or channeled media leads to a high maximum power, so that with such burners a wide power range can be covered.
  • the increased burning speed also means that surface loads of up to 4 MW / m 2 for natural gas / air mixtures can be achieved with such a burner.
  • these burners can be made significantly more compact than other burners of comparable performance.
  • a significantly higher proportion of the heat is decoupled via radiation from the combustion zone than in free flames where most of the heat remains in the exhaust gas.
  • these burners have advantages over burners with free-flames, since the combustion takes place predominantly or completely within the matrix over the entire power range. This is also favorable in the integration of heat exchangers. Due to the high surface load of such burners in conjunction with a short burn-out significantly more compact heaters can be built, as can be dispensed with large-volume combustion chambers and large convection surfaces.
  • the flow obstacles are made of metal or ceramic.
  • Flow obstacles made of metal have a very good thermal conductivity and thus favor the flame stabilization by the flow obstacles to a special degree.
  • Suitable metals for the production of flow obstacles according to the invention are, for example, steels with the material numbers 1.4841, 1.4765, 1.4767, 2.4869 and 2.4867 (material numbers according to EN 10027-2).
  • Suitable ceramic materials for the production of flow obstacles according to the invention are, for example, SiC or SiSiC.
  • the flow obstacles are designed as rods with a round or polygonal cross section or as a sheet metal strip or as a perforated plate.
  • Flow barriers formed as rods preferably extend across the combustion channels.
  • the flow obstacles are formed as extending transversely through the combustion channels rods or wires, each extending a rod or wire through the juxtaposed in a series of combustion channels across the width of the burner plate or across the burner plate ,
  • the burner plate is constructed from at least two individual plates arranged one above the other, wherein a first single plate, which is arranged in operation to the mixing chamber side, the through-channels and a second plate which in operation to the combustion side is arranged, which has combustion channels.
  • the first plate which is disposed in operation to the mixing chamber side, a lower heat capacity and / or a lower thermal conductivity than the second plate, which is disposed in operation to the combustion side.
  • the burner plate is made of high temperature resistant ceramic fiber material with low thermal conductivity.
  • the ceramic fiber material from which the burner plate is made 40 to 90 wt .-% Al 2 O 3 and 10 to 60 wt .-% SiO 2 or 60 to 85 wt .-% SiO 2 and 15 to 25 wt. -% (CaO + MgO).
  • Suitable fiber materials are commercially available from Sandvik Materials Technology GmbH, Moerfelden-Walldorf, Germany, under the name FIBROTHAL (F-17 / LS, F-19, F-14).
  • the flow obstacles are formed in the form of a cover plate arranged above the burner plate, wherein the cover plate has holes over the outlet openings of the combustion channels with a cross section which is smaller than that of the outlet openings of the combustion channels but larger as the extinguishing distance of combustion.
  • the passageways in the burner plate of the burner according to the invention preferably have a diameter of about 0.6 to 1.2 mm and a length which corresponds to about 4 times to 15 times their diameter.
  • the cross-sectional widenings are preferably bores having a diameter of approximately 1.5 to 6 mm, the length of the bores corresponding approximately to 1 to 3 times their diameter.
  • the burner plate consists of ceramic material
  • the holes can be pressed in during the production of the burner plate. They preferably run perpendicular to the outlet-side surface of the burner plate.
  • the passageways and the combustion channels in the burner plate are distributed in a regular pattern over the burner plate. The mutual distance is chosen so that a secure over ignition of the combustion is ensured over the surface of the burner plate.
  • the distance between adjacent passageways preferably corresponds to about 1.5 times to 6 times their diameter.
  • the distances in the longitudinal direction of the burner plate may be shorter or longer than the distances in the transverse direction. It is also possible to provide the burner plate with areas of different flame density by distributing the passageways and the combustion channels in the burner plate according to the desired flame density over the burner plate.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a burner according to the invention with a burner plate 1, which is mounted by means of mounting plates 9 on a mounting base plate 8.
  • the burner plate 1 has passage channels 2 and adjoining combustion channels 3, whereby the combustion channels 3 extend in cross-section with respect to the passage channels 2.
  • a mixing chamber 6 into which a fuel gas 5, a fuel gas, preferably a natural gas-air mixture is introduced.
  • a perforated plate 7 is additionally provided for a better mixing and distribution of the fuel gas.
  • the fuel gas flows from the mixing chamber 6 from the lower end through the passageways 2 and further through the combustion channels 3.
  • the passageways 2 in the burner plate 1 are formed as cylindrical bores having a diameter which is less than the extinguishing distance of the combustion so that the flames from the combustion channels 3 can not strike back into the passageways 2.
  • the cross-sectionally enlarged combustion channels 3, however, have a diameter which is greater than the extinguishing distance of the combustion, so that in this combustion can take place.
  • a flow obstruction 4 designed as a rod (round rod) extends transversely through the combustion channels 3 arranged next to one another in a row. When the combustion gas burns in the combustion channels 3, the flame comes into contact with the flow obstacle 4 and is stabilized by it.
  • the burner plate 1 is made of a ceramic material of low thermal conductivity, whereas the flow obstacles 4 are made of metal and have a higher thermal conductivity than the material of the burner plate 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the burner according to the invention according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the burner according to the invention according to FIG. 1 obliquely from above, wherein like parts in all three figures are designated by the same reference numerals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Brûleur, en particulier brûleur radiant, destiné à brûler un mélange gazeux constitué de gaz combustible et d'un gaz porteur oxygène, comprenant une plaque de brûleur (1) dotée de canaux de passage (2) à travers lesquels le mélange gazeux passe d'un côté chambre de mélange à un côté combustion,
    dans lequel des canaux de combustion (3) côté combustion, présentant une section transversale élargie par rapport aux canaux de passage (2), se raccordent aux canaux de passage (2), dans lequel des obstacles à l'écoulement (4) en métal ou céramique, réalisés sous forme de barres de section transversale ronde ou polygonale ou sous la forme d'une bande métallique ou d'une tôle perforée, sont disposés dans les canaux de combustion (3) pour entrer en contact avec la flamme de combustion, dans lequel les obstacles à l'écoulement sont fabriqués dans un matériau ayant une conductivité thermique supérieure au matériau de la plaque de brûleur (1), dans lequel la plaque de brûleur (1) est fabriquée dans un matériau fibreux céramique, à faible conductivité thermique et résistant aux températures élevées, qui contient de 40 à 90 % en poids d'Al2O3 et 10 à 60 % en poids de SiO2 ou 60 à 85 % en poids de SiO2 et 15 à 25 % en poids de (CaO + MgO).
  2. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les canaux de passage (2) à travers lesquels passe le mélange gazeux présentent, à au moins un endroit sur leur longueur, un diamètre maximum qui est plus petit que la distance d'extinction de la combustion.
  3. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les canaux de combustion (3) présentent sur leur longueur au moins en partie, un diamètre maximum qui est plus grand que la distance d'extinction de la combustion.
  4. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les canaux de passage (2) et/ou les canaux de combustion (3) dans la plaque de brûleur (1) ont une section transversale ovale ou circulaire.
  5. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale s'élargit à la transition entre les canaux de passage (2) et les canaux de combustion (3) de manière conique, en gradins ou en une combinaison des deux.
  6. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les obstacles à l'écoulement (4) s'étendent transversalement à travers les canaux de combustion (3).
  7. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les obstacles à l'écoulement (4) sont réalisés sous la forme de barres ou de fils s'étendant transversalement à travers les canaux de combustion, chaque barre ou fil s'étendant à travers les canaux de combustion (3) disposés côte à côte sur une rangée sur la largeur de la plaque de brûleur ou transversalement à travers la plaque de brûleur;
  8. Brûleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de brûleur (1) est constituée d'au moins deux plaques (1a et 1b) disposées l'une au-dessus de l'autre, une première plaque disposée en service vers le côté chambre de mélange, qui présente des canaux de passage (2), et une seconde plaque disposée en service vers le côté combustion, qui présente les canaux de combustion (3).
  9. Brûleur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la première plaque, qui est disposée en service vers le côté chambre de mélange, a une capacité thermique plus faible et/ou une conductivité thermique plus faible que la seconde plaque qui est disposée en service vers le côté combustion.
EP10740655.5A 2009-08-18 2010-08-06 Brûleur radiant Not-in-force EP2467642B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009028624A DE102009028624A1 (de) 2009-08-18 2009-08-18 Strahlungsbrenner
PCT/EP2010/061521 WO2011020723A2 (fr) 2009-08-18 2010-08-06 Brûleur radiant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2467642A2 EP2467642A2 (fr) 2012-06-27
EP2467642B1 true EP2467642B1 (fr) 2018-09-19

Family

ID=43495167

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10740655.5A Not-in-force EP2467642B1 (fr) 2009-08-18 2010-08-06 Brûleur radiant

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9182119B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2467642B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013502552A (fr)
CN (1) CN102597625B (fr)
DE (1) DE102009028624A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011020723A2 (fr)

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WO2011020723A2 (fr) 2011-02-24
EP2467642A2 (fr) 2012-06-27
US9182119B2 (en) 2015-11-10
JP2013502552A (ja) 2013-01-24
WO2011020723A3 (fr) 2012-05-03
CN102597625A (zh) 2012-07-18
CN102597625B (zh) 2015-02-25
DE102009028624A1 (de) 2011-02-24
US20120164590A1 (en) 2012-06-28

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