EP2464834B1 - Valve train for internal combustion engines for actuating gas exchange valves - Google Patents

Valve train for internal combustion engines for actuating gas exchange valves Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2464834B1
EP2464834B1 EP10760230.2A EP10760230A EP2464834B1 EP 2464834 B1 EP2464834 B1 EP 2464834B1 EP 10760230 A EP10760230 A EP 10760230A EP 2464834 B1 EP2464834 B1 EP 2464834B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cam
switching
camshaft
switching shaft
valve train
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP10760230.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2464834A2 (en
Inventor
Andreas Werler
Thomas Arnold
Heiko Neukirchner
Jörg Wutzler
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IAV GmbH Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto und Verkehr
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IAV GmbH Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto und Verkehr
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Publication of EP2464834A2 publication Critical patent/EP2464834A2/en
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Publication of EP2464834B1 publication Critical patent/EP2464834B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
    • F01L2013/0052—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve train for internal combustion engines for actuating gas exchange valves with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the disadvantage here is the high space requirement, which is needed to adjust the cam carrier. These solutions are therefore only applicable at relatively large cylinder spacings to accommodate the corresponding components can. Another disadvantage is the high mass forces that occur during the adjustment process, which are needed to move the cam carrier or the adjusting organs. Switching over to a corresponding cam contour can only be done in a cylinder-selective manner. Valve-selective switching is not possible.
  • the DE 100 54 623 A1 describes a device for switching a cam carrier on a camshaft for actuating gas exchange valves, in which the cam carrier is guided axially displaceably on the camshaft. According to the position of the cam carrier, the gas exchange valve is in operative connection with different cam contours.
  • the control element is a radially outwardly displaceable pin, which is connected to at least two in a by about 180 ° around the cam carrier arranged around guide part formed link tracks in the extended state cooperates.
  • a disadvantage of this solution in addition to the additional space for the guide member is that extended to switch to another cam contour of the pin from the camshaft and must be meshed in an axially displaceable shift gate. After switching, the pin must be retracted. This design is very part and production-consuming and there is a risk of damage to the camshaft by faulty circuits of the pin.
  • Another disadvantage is that the motor speed is limited by the necessary actuating time of the pin. In addition, the adjustment depends on the existing oil pressure.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is that only a plurality of cam carriers arranged on the cam carrier can be moved simultaneously by the axial displacement of the adjusting. A different circuit of individual cam carriers on a camshaft is not possible.
  • Another disadvantage is that at a switching position in which an outer cam is engaged with the gas exchange valves, the spring element is constantly stretched. As a result, high lateral frictional forces occur between the driving piece and the guideway arranged on the adjusting member. An increased wear and associated possible faulty circuits are the result.
  • a further disadvantage is that the acting spring forces must be set accurately to faulty circuits, in particular when switching back to the central cam profile with three different cam profiles, to avoid.
  • valve train for actuating gas exchange valves of internal combustion engines.
  • the displacement of the cam carrier for valve switching on the camshaft tube is effected by a rotatable switching shaft arranged in the interior of the camshaft tube.
  • the switching shaft is provided with a switching contour having an axial slope.
  • a switching ball is guided, which is mounted in a bore of a switching shaft surrounding the axially displaceable shift sleeve.
  • the switching sleeve is connected via a driver with the cam carrier in operative connection.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a valve train for actuating gas exchange valves of internal combustion engines, which is characterized by a simplified structure while reducing the friction forces occurring.
  • the valve drive for actuating the gas exchange valves consists of a tubular camshaft, which is driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.
  • On the camshaft tube one or more non-rotatable but axially displaceable cam carrier are arranged, each having a same base circle portion with a plurality of different cam profiles. By shifting the cam carrier, the cam profiles can be brought into operative connection with the gas exchange valves.
  • the displacement of the cam carrier for valve switching on the camshaft tube is carried out according to the invention by an inside of the camshaft tube arranged and co-rotating with the camshaft tube switching shaft which is operatively connected via a driving in a switching contour on the shift shaft driver with a cam carrier axially displaceable cam carrier.
  • the switching shaft is connected via a gear with a non-rotatable on the cam sleeve but axially displaceable sliding piece, which is operable to actuate the switching shaft with an actuator for generating a relative rotation of the switching shaft relative to the camshaft tube in operative connection.
  • the advantage of the solution according to the invention consists in a simple design of the actuator for safe valve switching between different cam profiles of the camshaft at the same time the friction occurring between the individual components has been reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is shown in section a portion of a valve train of an internal combustion engine.
  • the valve drive for actuating gas exchange valves consists of a driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine camshaft, which is designed as a camshaft tube 8.
  • camshaft tube 8 On the camshaft tube 8 rotatably, but axially displaceably cam carrier 7 are arranged.
  • Each cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is associated with an axially displaceable cam carrier 7, with which, according to the embodiment, two gas exchange valves of a cylinder can be actuated by the two cam profiles 9 arranged on the cam carrier 7.
  • the cam carrier 7 has at a same base circle portion 10 a plurality of different cam profiles 9a, 9b and 9c, which are brought to Ventilhubumsciens either by moving the cam carrier 7 each directly or via non-illustrated intermediate links with a respective gas exchange valve in contact.
  • the cam carrier 7 has three different cam profiles, a large cam profile 9c, a middle cam profile 9b, and a small cam profile 9a. It is quite conceivable that the cam carrier 7 has only two or more than three different cam profiles 9. To achieve a phase shift between the different cam profiles 9a, 9b and 9c, the curves of the cam profiles 9a, 9b and 9c can be arranged offset to one another.
  • a switching shaft 1 is arranged, which, except during the switching process, rotates synchronously with the camshaft tube 8 and the axially displaceable cam carriers 7 located thereon.
  • an opening 16 is arranged in the camshaft tube 8 for each driver. The width of the opening 16 corresponds at least to the maximum axial displacement of the cam carrier 7.
  • the driver 3 is on the one hand firmly connected to the cam carrier 7 and on the other hand it is slidably mounted in a arranged on the surface of the switching shaft 1 circumferential switching contour 2. Due to the fixed connection of the driver 3 with the cam carrier 7 and the lateral guidance of the driver 3 in the opening 16 in the camshaft tube 8, the non-rotatable but axially displaceable mounting of the cam carrier 7 on the camshaft tube 8. At the same time takes place via the driver 3, the torque transmission from the camshaft tube 8 to the cam carriers 7.
  • the arranged on the surface of the switching shaft 1 for each cam carrier 7 switching contour 2 is provided with an axial slope. Due to the axial slope is formed on the surface of the switching shaft 1, a spirally formed switching contour 2, the respective beginning on the switching shaft 1, according to the vorierden axial displacements of the individual cam carrier 7, the same or circumferentially offset from one another. In a successive axial displacement of the individual cam carrier 7, the individual axial slopes of the arranged for each cam carrier 7 switching contour 2 are arranged offset from one another on the circumference of the switching shaft 1. In the FIG. 1 this variant is shown. In a simultaneous axial displacement of the individual cam carrier 7, the individual axial slopes of the arranged for each cam carrier 7 switching contour 2 on the circumference of the switching shaft 1 in the same axial plane.
  • the shift shaft 1 is according to FIG. 1 via a threaded spindle 4 with a rotatably on the camshaft tube 8 but axially displaceable sliding piece 5 connected.
  • the connection between the camshaft tube 8 and the sliding piece 5 takes place via an intermeshing axial toothing 13.
  • the threaded spindle 4 of the switching shaft 1 is formed as a helical toothing and engages in the correspondingly formed toothing of the sliding piece 5 a.
  • the sliding piece 5 can be brought into operative connection with a housing of the internal combustion engine firmly connected actuator 6.
  • a pin 11 arranged on the actuator 6 engages in the contour 12 arranged on the circumference of the displacement piece 5.
  • the sliding piece 5 is axially displaceable on the camshaft tube 8 in both directions according to the double arrow shown in the drawing.
  • FIG. 2 is a variant of the connection of the switching shaft 1 with the axially displaceable on the camshaft tube 8 sliding piece 5 shown.
  • the connection of the shift shaft 1 with the sliding piece 5 takes place here via a cam mechanism.
  • the cam mechanism consists of a arranged on the circumference of the switching shaft 1 switching contour 14 in the sliding a switching ball 15 is mounted, which in turn is mounted in a arranged on the inner circumference of the sliding piece 5 hemispherical receptacle.
  • the displacement of the sliding piece 5 is also effected by an actuator 6.
  • variable valve train for realizing a changeover between the different cam profiles 9a, 9b and 9c is as follows.
  • the central cam profiles 9b of the cam carrier 7 with the gas exchange valves, the camshaft tube 8, the cam carrier 7, the switching shaft 1 and the sliding piece 5 rotate at a synchronous speed.
  • the actuator 6 is not engaged with the sliding piece 5. Switching to another cam profile can only be carried out when the base circle portion 10 is in engagement with the gas exchange valve or the intermediate member.
  • the actuator 6 is activated by a corresponding control and brought into engagement with the sliding piece 5. In the described embodiment, this takes place in that a pin 11 is extended in the direction of the sliding piece 5 and engages in the contour 12 arranged on the circumference of the sliding piece 5.
  • the sliding piece 5 is axially displaced on the camshaft tube 8 by the pin 11 sliding in the contour 12 to the right or to the left, according to the switching operation to be performed.
  • the axial movement of the sliding piece 5 is translated into a rotation of the switching shaft 1.
  • Due to the relative rotation of the hemispherical part of the driver 3 slides in the path of the switching contour 2.
  • the realized relative rotation and the execution of the individual with each cam carrier 7 on the driver 3 operatively connected switching contours 2 takes place an axial displacement of the cam carrier 7 against each other and thus switching between the individual cam profiles 9 a, 9 b and 9 c.
  • the displacement of the sliding piece 5 can also be effected, for example, by an actuator 6 that acts magnetically on the sliding piece 5.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ventiltrieb für Brennkraftmaschinen zur Betätigung von Gaswechselventilen mit den im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 genannten Merkmalen.The invention relates to a valve train for internal combustion engines for actuating gas exchange valves with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.

Es ist bekannt, Gaswechselventile einer-Brennkraftmaschine variabel mit unterschiedlichen Öffnungs- und Schließzeitpunkten sowie mit unterschiedlichen Ventilöffnungshüben zu betreiben. Eine derartige Ventilsteuerung ist aus der DE 42 30 877 A1 vorbekannt. Dabei ist auf einer Nockenwelle drehfest, aber axial verschiebbar ein Nockenträger mit zwei unterschiedlichen Nockenkonturen angeordnet. Entsprechend der Axialstellung des Nockenträgers steht eine Nockenkontur über ein Zwischenglied (Übertragungshebel) mit dem Hubventil in Wirkverbindung. Die Axialverschiebung des Nockenträgers zur Änderung der Ventilparameter erfolgt während der Grundkreisphase entgegen der Wirkung einer Rückstellfeder mittels eines Druckringes.It is known to operate gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine variable with different opening and closing times and with different valve opening strokes. Such a valve control is from the DE 42 30 877 A1 previously known. In this case, a cam carrier with two different cam contours is arranged rotatably on a camshaft, but axially displaceable. According to the axial position of the cam carrier is a cam contour via an intermediate member (transmission lever) with the globe valve in operative connection. The axial displacement of the cam carrier to change the valve parameters takes place during the base circle phase against the action of a return spring by means of a pressure ring.

Nachteilig ist dabei der hohe Bauraumbedarf, der zur Verstellung des Nockenträgers benötigt wird. Diese Lösungen sind deshalb nur einsetzbar bei verhältnismäßig großen Zylinderabständen, um die entsprechenden Bauteile unterbringen zu können. Ein weiterer Nachteil sind die beim Stellvorgang auftretenden hohen Massenkräfte, die zum Verschieben der Nockenträger oder der Verstellorgane benötigt werden. Die Umschaltung auf eine entsprechende Nockenkontur kann nur zylinderselektiv erfolgen. Eine ventilselektive Umschaltung ist nicht möglich.The disadvantage here is the high space requirement, which is needed to adjust the cam carrier. These solutions are therefore only applicable at relatively large cylinder spacings to accommodate the corresponding components can. Another disadvantage is the high mass forces that occur during the adjustment process, which are needed to move the cam carrier or the adjusting organs. Switching over to a corresponding cam contour can only be done in a cylinder-selective manner. Valve-selective switching is not possible.

Die DE 100 54 623 A1 beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zum Umschalten eines Nockenträgers auf einer Nockenwelle zur Betätigung von Gaswechselventilen, bei der der Nockenträger axial verschiebbar auf der Nockenwelle geführt ist. Entsprechend der Position des Nockenträgers steht das Gaswechselventil mit unterschiedlichen Nockenkonturen in Wirkverbindung. Die Verstellung des Nockenträgers erfolgt über ein Stellelement im Zusammenwirken mit einer Kulissenbahn. Das Stellelement ist dabei ein radial nach außen verschiebbarer Pin, der mit zumindest zwei in einem um ca. 180° um den Nockenträger herum angeordneten Führungsteil ausgebildeten Kulissenbahnen im ausgefahrenen Zustand zusammenwirkt.The DE 100 54 623 A1 describes a device for switching a cam carrier on a camshaft for actuating gas exchange valves, in which the cam carrier is guided axially displaceably on the camshaft. According to the position of the cam carrier, the gas exchange valve is in operative connection with different cam contours. The adjustment of the cam carrier via an actuator in cooperation with a slide track. The control element is a radially outwardly displaceable pin, which is connected to at least two in a by about 180 ° around the cam carrier arranged around guide part formed link tracks in the extended state cooperates.

Ein Nachteil dieser Lösung besteht neben dem zusätzlichen Bauraum für das Führungsteil darin, dass zum Umschalten auf eine andere Nockenkontur der Pin aus der Nockenwelle ausgefahren und in eine axial verschiebbare Schaltkulisse eingespurt werden muss. Nach dem Schaltvorgang muss der Pin wieder eingefahren werden. Diese Konstruktion ist sehr teile- und fertigungsaufwendig und es besteht die Gefahr von Schäden an der Nockenwelle durch Fehlschaltungen des Pins. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, dass durch die notwendige Stellzeit des Pins die Motordrehzahl begrenzt wird. Außerdem ist die Verstellung abhängig von dem jeweils vorhandenen Öldruck.A disadvantage of this solution, in addition to the additional space for the guide member is that extended to switch to another cam contour of the pin from the camshaft and must be meshed in an axially displaceable shift gate. After switching, the pin must be retracted. This design is very part and production-consuming and there is a risk of damage to the camshaft by faulty circuits of the pin. Another disadvantage is that the motor speed is limited by the necessary actuating time of the pin. In addition, the adjustment depends on the existing oil pressure.

Weiterhin ist aus der DE 195 20 117 C2 ein Ventiltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine vorbekannt, bei dem auf der Nockenwelle drehfest ein axial verschiebbarer Nockenträger mit mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Nockenbahnen angeordnet ist. Die Verstellung des Nockenträgers erfolgt über ein Verstellorgan, das im Inneren der Nockenwelle geführt ist. Durch eine stirnseitig an der Nockenwelle angeordnete doppelt wirkende hydraulische oder pneumatische Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit wird das wellenartig ausgebildete Verstellorgan im Inneren der Nockenwelle gegen den Druck einer Feder verschoben. Das Verstellorgan ist mit einem Mitnahmestück verbunden, das ein axial in der Nockenwelle angeordnetes Langloch durchdringt und in eine Bohrung des Nockenträgers mündet.Furthermore, from the DE 195 20 117 C2 a valve train of an internal combustion engine previously known, in which on the camshaft rotationally fixed an axially displaceable cam carrier is arranged with at least two different cam tracks. The adjustment of the cam carrier via an adjusting member which is guided inside the camshaft. By a frontally arranged on the camshaft double-acting hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder unit, the wave-like adjusting member is moved in the interior of the camshaft against the pressure of a spring. The adjusting member is connected to a driving piece, which penetrates an axially arranged in the camshaft slot and opens into a bore of the cam carrier.

Der Nachteil dieser Lösung besteht darin, dass durch die axiale Verschiebung des Verstellorgans nur mehrere auf der Nockenwelle angeordnete Nockenträger gleichzeitig verschoben werden können. Eine unterschiedliche Schaltung von einzelnen Nockenträgern auf einer Nockenwelle ist nicht möglich. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, dass bei einer Schaltposition, bei der ein äußerer Nocken im Eingriff mit den Gaswechselventilen steht, das Federelement ständig gespannt ist. Dadurch treten hohe seitliche Reibkräfte zwischen dem Mitnehmerstück und der auf dem Verstellorgan angeordneten Führungsbahn auf. Ein erhöhter Verschleiß und damit verbundene eventuelle Fehlschaltungen sind die Folge. Nachteilig ist weiterhin, dass die wirkenden Federkräfte genau eingestellt werden müssen, um Fehlschaltungen, insbesondere bei Rückschaltung auf das mittlere Nockenprofil bei drei unterschiedlichen Nockenprofilen, zu vermeiden.The disadvantage of this solution is that only a plurality of cam carriers arranged on the cam carrier can be moved simultaneously by the axial displacement of the adjusting. A different circuit of individual cam carriers on a camshaft is not possible. Another disadvantage is that at a switching position in which an outer cam is engaged with the gas exchange valves, the spring element is constantly stretched. As a result, high lateral frictional forces occur between the driving piece and the guideway arranged on the adjusting member. An increased wear and associated possible faulty circuits are the result. A further disadvantage is that the acting spring forces must be set accurately to faulty circuits, in particular when switching back to the central cam profile with three different cam profiles, to avoid.

Durch die DE 10 2009 017 242 der Anmelderin wurde bereits ein Ventiltrieb zur Betätigung von Gaswechselventilen von Brennkraftmaschinen vorgeschlagen. Bei dem Ventiltrieb erfolgt die Verschiebung des Nockenträgers zur Ventilumschaltung auf dem Nockenwellenrohr durch eine im Inneren des Nockenwellenrohrs angeordnete verdrehbare Schaltwelle. Die Schaltwelle ist mit einer Schaltkontur versehen, die eine axiale Steigung aufweist. In der Schaltkontur wird eine Schaltkugel geführt, die in einer Bohrung einer die Schaltwelle umgebenden axial verschiebbaren Schalthülse gelagert ist. Die Schalthülse steht über einen Mitnehmer mit dem Nockenträger in Wirkverbindung. Durch Verdrehen der Schaltwelle wird über die Schaltkugel die Schalthülse und über den Mitnehmer der Nockenträger axial verschoben.By the DE 10 2009 017 242 the applicant has already proposed a valve train for actuating gas exchange valves of internal combustion engines. In the case of the valve drive, the displacement of the cam carrier for valve switching on the camshaft tube is effected by a rotatable switching shaft arranged in the interior of the camshaft tube. The switching shaft is provided with a switching contour having an axial slope. In the switching contour, a switching ball is guided, which is mounted in a bore of a switching shaft surrounding the axially displaceable shift sleeve. The switching sleeve is connected via a driver with the cam carrier in operative connection. By turning the selector shaft, the shift sleeve and the driver of the cam carrier is axially displaced via the switching ball.

Durch die Anordnung einer Schalthülse zwischen der Schaltwelle und dem Nockenwellenrohr treten zusätzlich zu überwindende Reibungskräfte auf. Außerdem ist die Lösung durch die Anordnung der Schalthülse sehr teileaufwändig.By arranging a shift sleeve between the shift shaft and the camshaft tube occur in addition to overcoming friction forces. In addition, the solution is very expensive due to the arrangement of the switching sleeve.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Ventiltrieb zur Betätigung von Gaswechselventilen von Brennkraftmaschinen zu schaffen, der sich durch einen vereinfachten Aufbau bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der auftretenden Reibungskräfte auszeichnet.The invention has for its object to provide a valve train for actuating gas exchange valves of internal combustion engines, which is characterized by a simplified structure while reducing the friction forces occurring.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention the object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Der Ventiltrieb zur Betätigung der Gaswechselventile besteht aus einer rohrförmig ausgebildeten Nockenwelle, die von einer Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine angetrieben wird. Auf dem Nockenwellenrohr sind ein oder mehrere drehfeste aber axial verschiebbare Nockenträger angeordnet, die jeweils einen gleichen Grundkreisabschnitt mit mehreren unterschiedlichen Nockenprofilen aufweisen. Durch Verschiebung der Nockenträger sind die Nockenprofile mit den Gaswechselventilen in Wirkverbindung bringbar. Die Verschiebung des Nockenträgers zur Ventilumschaltung auf dem Nockenwellenrohr erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch eine im Inneren des Nockenwellenrohrs angeordnete und mit dem Nockenwellenrohr mitdrehend Schaltwelle, die über einen in einer Schaltkontur auf der Schaltwelle gleitenden Mitnehmer mit einem auf dem Nockenwellenrohr axial verschiebbaren Nockenträger in Wirkverbindung steht. Die Schaltwelle ist über ein Getriebe mit einem auf der Nockenhülse drehfest aber axial verschiebbaren Verschiebestück verbunden, das zur Betätigung der Schaltwelle mit einem Aktuator zur Erzeugung einer Relativverdrehung der Schaltwelle gegenüber dem Nockenwellenrohr in Wirkverbindung bringbar ist.The valve drive for actuating the gas exchange valves consists of a tubular camshaft, which is driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. On the camshaft tube one or more non-rotatable but axially displaceable cam carrier are arranged, each having a same base circle portion with a plurality of different cam profiles. By shifting the cam carrier, the cam profiles can be brought into operative connection with the gas exchange valves. The displacement of the cam carrier for valve switching on the camshaft tube is carried out according to the invention by an inside of the camshaft tube arranged and co-rotating with the camshaft tube switching shaft which is operatively connected via a driving in a switching contour on the shift shaft driver with a cam carrier axially displaceable cam carrier. The switching shaft is connected via a gear with a non-rotatable on the cam sleeve but axially displaceable sliding piece, which is operable to actuate the switching shaft with an actuator for generating a relative rotation of the switching shaft relative to the camshaft tube in operative connection.

Der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung besteht in einem einfachen Aufbau der Betätigungsvorrichtung zur sicheren Ventilumschaltung zwischen unterschiedlichen Nockenprofilen der Nockenwelle bei der gleichzeitig die zwischen den einzelnen Bauteilen auftretende Reibung reduziert wurde.The advantage of the solution according to the invention consists in a simple design of the actuator for safe valve switching between different cam profiles of the camshaft at the same time the friction occurring between the individual components has been reduced.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben, sie werden in der Beschreibung zusammen mit ihren Wirkungen erläutert.Further advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims, they are explained in the description together with their effects.

Anhand von Zeichnungen wird die Erfindung nachfolgend an Ausführungsbeispielen näher beschrieben. In den dazugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1:
eine Schnittdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung und
Fig. 2:
eine Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung als Einzelheit in einer Halbschnittdarstellung.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to drawings. In the accompanying drawings show:
Fig. 1:
a sectional view of the solution according to the invention and
Fig. 2:
a variant of the solution according to the invention as a detail in a half-sectional view.

In Figur 1 ist im Schnitt ein Teilbereich eines Ventiltriebs einer Brennkraftmaschine dargestellt. Der Ventiltrieb zur Betätigung von nicht dargestellten Gaswechselventilen besteht aus einer von einer Kurbelwelle der Verbrennungskraftmaschine angetriebenen Nockenwelle, die als Nockenwellenrohr 8 ausgebildet ist. Auf dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 sind drehfest, aber axial verschiebbar mehrere Nockenträger 7 angeordnet. Jedem Zylinder einer mehrzylindrigen Brennkraftmaschine ist ein axial verschiebbarer Nockenträger 7 zugeordnet, mit dem, entsprechend dem Ausführungsbeispiel, jeweils zwei Gaswechselventile eines Zylinders durch die beiden auf dem Nockenträger 7 angeordneten Nockenprofile 9 betätigt werden können. Der Nockenträger 7 weist bei einem gleichen Grundkreisabschnitt 10 mehrere unterschiedliche Nockenprofile 9a, 9b und 9c auf, die zur Ventilhubumschaltung wahlweise durch Verschieben des Nockenträgers 7 jeweils direkt oder über nicht dargestellte Zwischenglieder mit einem jeweiligen Gaswechselventil in Kontakt gebracht werden. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist der Nockenträger 7 drei unterschiedliche Nockenprofile, ein großes Nockenprofil 9c, ein mittleres Nockenprofil 9b und ein kleines Nockenprofil 9a, auf. Es ist durchaus denkbar, dass der Nockenträger 7 nur zwei oder mehr als drei unterschiedliche Nockenprofile 9 aufweist. Zur Erzielung einer Phasenverschiebung zwischen den unterschiedlichen Nockenprofilen 9a, 9b und 9c können die Kurven der Nockenprofile 9a, 9b und 9c zueinander versetzt angeordnet sein.In FIG. 1 is shown in section a portion of a valve train of an internal combustion engine. The valve drive for actuating gas exchange valves, not shown, consists of a driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine camshaft, which is designed as a camshaft tube 8. On the camshaft tube 8 rotatably, but axially displaceably cam carrier 7 are arranged. Each cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is associated with an axially displaceable cam carrier 7, with which, according to the embodiment, two gas exchange valves of a cylinder can be actuated by the two cam profiles 9 arranged on the cam carrier 7. The cam carrier 7 has at a same base circle portion 10 a plurality of different cam profiles 9a, 9b and 9c, which are brought to Ventilhubumschaltung either by moving the cam carrier 7 each directly or via non-illustrated intermediate links with a respective gas exchange valve in contact. In the illustrated embodiment, the cam carrier 7 has three different cam profiles, a large cam profile 9c, a middle cam profile 9b, and a small cam profile 9a. It is quite conceivable that the cam carrier 7 has only two or more than three different cam profiles 9. To achieve a phase shift between the different cam profiles 9a, 9b and 9c, the curves of the cam profiles 9a, 9b and 9c can be arranged offset to one another.

Innerhalb des Nockenwellenrohrs 8 ist eine Schaltwelle 1 angeordnet, die sich, außer während des Schaltprozesses, synchron mit dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 und den darauf befindlichen axial verschiebbaren Nockenträgern 7 mitdreht. Zur axialen Verschiebung des Nockenträgers 7 und damit zur Umschaltung zwischen den einzelnen Nockenprofilen 9a, 9b und 9c steht der Nockenträger 7 über wenigstens einen Mitnehmer 3 mit der Schaltwelle 1 in Wirkverbindung. Um die jeweiligen Schaltvorgänge durch die axiale Verschiebung des Nockenträgers 7 realisieren zu können, ist in dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 für jeden Mitnehmer 3 ein Durchbruch 16 angeordnet. Die Breite des Durchbruchs 16 entspricht dabei wenigstens der maximalen axialen Verschiebung des Nockenträgers 7.Within the camshaft tube 8, a switching shaft 1 is arranged, which, except during the switching process, rotates synchronously with the camshaft tube 8 and the axially displaceable cam carriers 7 located thereon. For axial displacement of the cam carrier 7 and thus for switching between the individual cam profiles 9a, 9b and 9c of the cam carrier 7 is at least one driver 3 with the switching shaft 1 in operative connection. In order to realize the respective switching operations by the axial displacement of the cam carrier 7, an opening 16 is arranged in the camshaft tube 8 for each driver. The width of the opening 16 corresponds at least to the maximum axial displacement of the cam carrier 7.

Der Mitnehmer 3 ist einerseits fest mit dem Nockenträger 7 verbunden und andererseits ist er gleitend in einer auf der Oberfläche der Schaltwelle 1 angeordneten umlaufenden Schaltkontur 2 gelagert. Durch die feste Verbindung des Mitnehmers 3 mit dem Nockenträger 7 und durch die seitliche Führung des Mitnehmers 3 in dem Durchbruch 16 in dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 erfolgt die drehfeste aber axial verschiebbare Lagerung der Nockenträger 7 auf dem Nockenwellenrohr 8. Gleichzeitig erfolgt über den Mitnehmer 3 die Drehmomentübertragung von dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 zu den Nockenträgern 7.The driver 3 is on the one hand firmly connected to the cam carrier 7 and on the other hand it is slidably mounted in a arranged on the surface of the switching shaft 1 circumferential switching contour 2. Due to the fixed connection of the driver 3 with the cam carrier 7 and the lateral guidance of the driver 3 in the opening 16 in the camshaft tube 8, the non-rotatable but axially displaceable mounting of the cam carrier 7 on the camshaft tube 8. At the same time takes place via the driver 3, the torque transmission from the camshaft tube 8 to the cam carriers 7.

Die auf der Oberfläche der Schaltwelle 1 für jeden Nockenträger 7 angeordnete Schaltkontur 2 ist mit einer axialen Steigung versehen. Durch die axiale Steigung entsteht auf der Oberfläche der Schaltwelle 1 eine spiralförmig ausgebildete Schaltkontur 2, deren jeweiliger Beginn auf der Schaltwelle 1, entsprechend den vorzunehmenden axialen Verschiebungen der einzelnen Nockenträger 7, gleich oder am Umfang versetzt zueinander angeordnet ist. Bei einer nacheinander durchzuführenden axialen Verschiebung der einzelnen Nockenträger 7 sind die einzelnen axialen Steigungen der für jeden Nockenträger 7 angeordneten Schaltkontur 2 am Umfang der Schaltwelle 1 zueinander versetzt angeordnet. In der Figur 1 ist diese Variante dargestellt. Bei einer gleichzeitigen axialen Verschiebung der einzelnen Nockenträger 7 liegen die einzelnen axialen Steigungen der für jeden Nockenträger 7 angeordneten Schaltkontur 2 am Umfang der Schaltwelle 1 in gleicher axialer Ebene.The arranged on the surface of the switching shaft 1 for each cam carrier 7 switching contour 2 is provided with an axial slope. Due to the axial slope is formed on the surface of the switching shaft 1, a spirally formed switching contour 2, the respective beginning on the switching shaft 1, according to the vorzunehmenden axial displacements of the individual cam carrier 7, the same or circumferentially offset from one another. In a successive axial displacement of the individual cam carrier 7, the individual axial slopes of the arranged for each cam carrier 7 switching contour 2 are arranged offset from one another on the circumference of the switching shaft 1. In the FIG. 1 this variant is shown. In a simultaneous axial displacement of the individual cam carrier 7, the individual axial slopes of the arranged for each cam carrier 7 switching contour 2 on the circumference of the switching shaft 1 in the same axial plane.

Die Schaltwelle 1 ist gemäß Figur 1 über eine Gewindespindel 4 mit einem auf dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 drehfest aber axial verschiebbaren Verschiebestück 5 verbunden. Die Verbindung zwischen dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 und dem Verschiebestück 5 erfolgt dabei über eine ineinandergreifende Axialverzahnung 13. Die Gewindespindel 4 der Schaltwelle 1 ist als Schrägverzahnung ausgebildet und greift in die entsprechend ausgebildete Verzahnung des Verschiebestücks 5 ein. Das Verschiebestück 5 ist mit einem Gehäuse der Brennkraftmaschine fest verbundenen Aktuator 6 in Wirkverbindung bringbar. Entsprechend der Ansteuerung des Aktuators 6 greift dabei ein an dem Aktuator 6 angeordneter Pin 11 in die am Umfang des Verschiebestücks 5 angeordnete Kontur 12 ein. Das Verschiebestück 5 ist entsprechend dem in der Zeichnung dargestelltem Doppelpfeil in beide Richtungen axial auf dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 verschiebbar.The shift shaft 1 is according to FIG. 1 via a threaded spindle 4 with a rotatably on the camshaft tube 8 but axially displaceable sliding piece 5 connected. The connection between the camshaft tube 8 and the sliding piece 5 takes place via an intermeshing axial toothing 13. The threaded spindle 4 of the switching shaft 1 is formed as a helical toothing and engages in the correspondingly formed toothing of the sliding piece 5 a. The sliding piece 5 can be brought into operative connection with a housing of the internal combustion engine firmly connected actuator 6. In accordance with the activation of the actuator 6, a pin 11 arranged on the actuator 6 engages in the contour 12 arranged on the circumference of the displacement piece 5. The sliding piece 5 is axially displaceable on the camshaft tube 8 in both directions according to the double arrow shown in the drawing.

In der Figur 2 ist eine Variante der Verbindung der Schaltwelle 1 mit dem auf dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 axial verschiebbaren Verschiebestück 5 dargestellt. Die Verbindung der Schaltwelle 1 mit dem Verschiebestück 5 erfolgt hierbei über ein Kurvengetriebe. Das Kurvengetriebe besteht aus einer auf dem Umfang der Schaltwelle 1 angeordnete Schaltkontur 14 in der gleitend eine Schaltkugel 15 gelagert ist, die wiederum in einer am Innenumfang des Verschiebestücks 5 angeordneten halbkugelförmigen Aufnahme gelagert ist. Die Verschiebung des Verschiebestücks 5 erfolgt ebenfalls durch einen Aktuator 6.In the FIG. 2 is a variant of the connection of the switching shaft 1 with the axially displaceable on the camshaft tube 8 sliding piece 5 shown. The connection of the shift shaft 1 with the sliding piece 5 takes place here via a cam mechanism. The cam mechanism consists of a arranged on the circumference of the switching shaft 1 switching contour 14 in the sliding a switching ball 15 is mounted, which in turn is mounted in a arranged on the inner circumference of the sliding piece 5 hemispherical receptacle. The displacement of the sliding piece 5 is also effected by an actuator 6.

Die Funktion des variablen Ventiltriebs zur Realisierung einer Umschaltung zwischen den unterschiedlichen Nockenprofilen 9a, 9b und 9c ist folgende.The function of the variable valve train for realizing a changeover between the different cam profiles 9a, 9b and 9c is as follows.

Während des Eingriffes beispielsweise der mittleren Nockenprofile 9b der Nockenträger 7 mit den Gaswechselventilen drehen sich das Nockenwellenrohr 8, die Nockenträger 7, die Schaltwelle 1 und das Verschiebestück 5 mit synchroner Drehzahl. Der Aktuator 6 steht nicht im Eingriff mit dem Verschiebestück 5. Eine Umschaltung zu einem andern Nockenprofil kann nur durchgeführt werden, wenn sich der Grundkreisabschnitt 10 im Eingriff mit dem Gaswechselventil bzw. dem Zwischenglied befndet. Zur Umschaltung des Eingriffes des Nockenprofils 9b auf das Gaswechselventil zu dem Nockenprofil 9a oder zu dem Nockenprofil 9c wird der Aktuator 6 durch eine entsprechende Ansteuerung aktiviert und mit dem Verschiebestück 5 in Eingriff gebracht. In dem beschrieben Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt das dadurch, dass ein Pin 11 in Richtung des Verschiebestücks 5 ausgefahren wird und in die am Umfang des Verschiebestücks 5 angeordnete Kontur 12 einrastet. Entsprechend des angesteuerten Pins 11 wird das Verschiebestück 5 durch den in der Kontur 12 gleitenden Pin 11 nach rechts oder nach links, gemäß dem vorzunehmenden Schaltvorgang, auf dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 axial verschoben. Über die Gewindespindel 4 gemäß Figur 1 oder über das Kurvengetriebe gemäß Figur 2 wird die axiale Bewegung des Verschiebestücks 5 in eine Drehung der Schaltwelle 1 übersetzt. Dadurch entsteht eine Relativverdrehung der Schaltwelle 1 gegenüber dem Nockenwellenrohr 8 und den Nockenträgern 7. Durch die Relativverdrehung gleitet der halbkugelförmig ausgebildete Teil des Mitnehmers 3 in der Bahn der Schaltkontur 2. Entsprechend der realisierten Relativverdrehung und der Ausführung der einzelnen mit jedem Nockenträger 7 über die Mitnehmer 3 in Wirkverbindung stehenden Schaltkonturen 2 erfolgt eine axiale Verschiebung der Nockenträger 7 gegeneinander und somit eine Umschaltung zwischen den einzelnen Nockenprofilen 9a, 9b und 9c.During the intervention, for example, the central cam profiles 9b of the cam carrier 7 with the gas exchange valves, the camshaft tube 8, the cam carrier 7, the switching shaft 1 and the sliding piece 5 rotate at a synchronous speed. The actuator 6 is not engaged with the sliding piece 5. Switching to another cam profile can only be carried out when the base circle portion 10 is in engagement with the gas exchange valve or the intermediate member. To switch the engagement of the cam profile 9b on the gas exchange valve to the cam profile 9a or to the cam profile 9c, the actuator 6 is activated by a corresponding control and brought into engagement with the sliding piece 5. In the described embodiment, this takes place in that a pin 11 is extended in the direction of the sliding piece 5 and engages in the contour 12 arranged on the circumference of the sliding piece 5. According to the driven pins 11, the sliding piece 5 is axially displaced on the camshaft tube 8 by the pin 11 sliding in the contour 12 to the right or to the left, according to the switching operation to be performed. About the threaded spindle 4 according to FIG. 1 or via the cam gear according to FIG. 2 the axial movement of the sliding piece 5 is translated into a rotation of the switching shaft 1. Due to the relative rotation of the hemispherical part of the driver 3 slides in the path of the switching contour 2. According to the realized relative rotation and the execution of the individual with each cam carrier 7 on the driver 3 operatively connected switching contours 2 takes place an axial displacement of the cam carrier 7 against each other and thus switching between the individual cam profiles 9 a, 9 b and 9 c.

Die Verschiebung des Verschiebestücks 5 kann beispielsweise auch durch einen magnetisch auf das Verschiebestück 5 wirkenden Aktuator 6 erfolgen.The displacement of the sliding piece 5 can also be effected, for example, by an actuator 6 that acts magnetically on the sliding piece 5.

Der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung besteht in einem einfachen und klein bauenden Aufbau des Ventiltriebs, mit dem variabel für den Motor angepasste Ventilhubumschaltungen realisiert werden können. Aufstellung der verwendeten Bezugszeichen 1 Schaltwelle 2 Schaltkontur 3 Mitnehmer 4 Gewindespindel 5 Verschiebestück 6 Aktuator 7 Nockenträger 8 Nockenwellenrohr 9 Nockenprofil 9a kleines Nockenprofil 9b mittleres Nockenprofil 9c großes Nockenprofil 10 Grundkreisabschnitt 11 Pin 12 Kontur 13 Axialverzahnung 14 Schaltkontur 15 Schaltkugel 16 Durchbruch The advantage of the solution according to the invention consists in a simple and small construction of the valve train, can be realized with the variably adapted for the engine valve lift switching. <b> List of used reference signs </ b> 1 shift shaft 2 switching contour 3 takeaway 4 screw 5 sliding piece 6 actuator 7 cam support 8th camshaft tube 9 cam profile 9a small cam profile 9b middle cam profile 9c big cam profile 10 Base circle portion 11 Pin code 12 contour 13 axial toothing 14 switching contour 15 switching ball 16 breakthrough

Claims (9)

  1. A valve train for actuating gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine,
    - comprising at least one camshaft driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and at least one cam support (7) disposed on the camshaft so as to be rotationally engaged but axially displaceable with respect to the camshaft,
    - the at least one cam support (7) includes a plurality of different cam profiles (9a, 9b, 9c) each having a same base circle portion (10),
    - the camshaft is carried out as a camshaft tube (8), wherein a switching shaft (1) is disposed in the camshaft tube (8),
    - for displacing the at least one cam support (7), the at least one cam support (7) is operatively connected to the switching shaft (1) by a driver (3),
    characterized in that
    - the switching shaft (1), which is disposed in the camshaft tube (8), is carried out to rotate together with the camshaft tube (8),
    - a displacement piece (5) is connected to the switching shaft (1), wherein the displacement piece (5) is disposed on the camshaft tube (8) so as to be rotationally engaged but axially displaceable with respect to the camshaft tube (8),
    - for displacing the respective cam support (7) by the driver (3), which slides in a switching contour (2) on the switching shaft (1), the displacement piece (5) is operatively connectable to an actuator (6) to rotate the switching shaft (1) relative to the camshaft tube (8) and the at least one cam support (7).
  2. A valve train according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (6) is rigidly connected to a housing of the internal combustion engine.
  3. A valve train according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the switching contour (2) on the switching shaft (1) includes an axial inclination.
  4. A valve train according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that each cam support (7), which is disposed on and displaceable with respect to the camshaft tube (8), is operatively connected to the respective switching contour (2) on the switching shaft (1) by a respective driver (3), which is rigidly connected to the cam support (7).
  5. A valve train according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that for a successive axial displacement of the respective cam supports (7) the respective axial inclinations of the switching contour (2) on the circumference of the switching shaft (1) for each cam support (7) are displaced relative to each other.
  6. A valve train according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that for a simultaneous axial displacement of the respective cam supports (7) the respective axial inclinations of the switching contour (2) on the circumference of the switching shaft (1) for each cam support (7) are disposed in a similar axial plane.
  7. A valve train according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the connection between the switching shaft (1) and the displacement piece (5), which is disposed on the camshaft tube (8) so as to be rotationally engaged but axially displaceable with respect to the camshaft tube (8), is carried out as a elevating screw (4).
  8. A valve train according to claim 7, characterized in that the connection between the switching shaft (1) and the displacement piece (5) is carried out as a helical gearing.
  9. A valve train according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the switching shaft (1) is connected to the displacement piece (5), which is disposed so as to be rotationally engaged but axially displaceable with respect to the camshaft tube (8), via a cam mechanism.
EP10760230.2A 2009-08-10 2010-08-03 Valve train for internal combustion engines for actuating gas exchange valves Not-in-force EP2464834B1 (en)

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DE102009037270A DE102009037270B4 (en) 2009-08-10 2009-08-10 Valve train for internal combustion engines for actuating gas exchange valves
PCT/DE2010/000931 WO2011018074A2 (en) 2009-08-10 2010-08-03 Valve train for internal combustion engines for actuating gas exchange valves

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EP2464834B1 true EP2464834B1 (en) 2013-07-24

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JP (1) JP5649238B2 (en)
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US20120125274A1 (en) 2012-05-24
US8746194B2 (en) 2014-06-10
EP2464834A2 (en) 2012-06-20
WO2011018074A3 (en) 2011-04-28
JP2013501873A (en) 2013-01-17
JP5649238B2 (en) 2015-01-07
DE102009037270B4 (en) 2011-04-07
WO2011018074A2 (en) 2011-02-17
DE102009037270A1 (en) 2011-03-03

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