EP2409103B1 - Heat exchanger unit and thermotechnical system - Google Patents

Heat exchanger unit and thermotechnical system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2409103B1
EP2409103B1 EP10719231.2A EP10719231A EP2409103B1 EP 2409103 B1 EP2409103 B1 EP 2409103B1 EP 10719231 A EP10719231 A EP 10719231A EP 2409103 B1 EP2409103 B1 EP 2409103B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
unit
exchanger units
condenser
evaporator
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EP10719231.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2409103A2 (en
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Stefan Petersen
Christian Finck
Martin Mittermeier
Anna Jahnke
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Technische Universitaet Berlin
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Technische Universitaet Berlin
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F28D1/0443—Combination of units extending one beside or one above the other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0478—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/007—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thermal system, in particular a refrigeration system.
  • the main components of refrigeration systems such as evaporators, absorbers, expellers and condensers are heat exchangers, which all transport between media heat. These heat exchangers are responsible for 50% of the costs and 75% of the volume of the refrigeration system.
  • WO 2007/006289 A1 discloses the functional principle of a heat pump designed as an absorption refrigeration system.
  • the mode of operation of the heat pump which has several heat exchanger components, is explained in detail using a schematic circuit diagram.
  • heat exchanger components are then also combined to form heat exchanger units which have an evaporator device , which is configured to evaporate a heat exchanger operating or heat exchanger working fluid, and having a liquefier device which is configured to liquefy the heat exchanger operating or heat exchanger working medium.
  • Known types of construction and construction for heat exchanger units provide for a pronounced spatial separation of the functional units, which are optionally arranged in a common shell or a common housing.
  • the evaporator device and the condenser device are arranged side by side.
  • One version of this is the so-called hamster-jaw construction, in which an evaporator device is arranged between two partial condenser devices and the entire structure is integrated in a tubular housing.
  • Known units of heat exchanger components have a drip separator or steam blinds in order to make it more difficult for liquid splashes to make the transition to other heat exchanger units or to prevent them completely.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a thermal system with an improved structural design that supports the flexible use of the thermal system in applications with different requirements.
  • thermodynamic unit consists of one or more pairs of evaporator device and condenser device, which form a thermodynamic and process engineering unit.
  • This thermodynamic unit is characterized in particular in that both the length of the steam path and the specific steam mass flow are independent of the absolute power or capacity of the entire heat exchanger unit. The once optimized ratio of the capacities of the heat exchangers to one another, which form a higher-level unit, is retained even when the output is scaled.
  • Modular heat exchanger units can be produced, which can be assembled in an overall system, which enables improved scalability of thermal engineering systems or heat pumps, in particular refrigeration systems and desalination systems.
  • the front-side configuration also enables a structural design with optimized space utilization and makes a decisive contribution to the thermal separation of the different functional units, steam generators and condensers, which minimizes thermal losses despite spatial optimization.
  • the evaporator device can be, for example, a generator or an evaporator.
  • the liquefier device is designed, for example, as an absorber or a condenser.
  • the frontal arrangement of the evaporator device and the condenser device leads to a changed steam flow behavior between the devices compared to known heat exchanger units, which implies a kind of wave formation, whereby an increased heat and mass transfer is achieved.
  • the performance-related heat exchanger area is reduced.
  • the scalability achieved with the invention makes it possible to individually adapt thermal engineering systems, in particular refrigeration systems, with regard to the system size and output for different applications.
  • a compact design is made possible to advance into small performance ranges that were unattractive for known types of possible assembly of heat exchanger components due to poor power density and large space requirements.
  • the invention provides that the evaporator device and the condenser device are arranged opposite one another on the end face.
  • end faces of the evaporator device and the condenser device are arranged opposite one another, either at a distance from one another or essentially lying on top of one another.
  • the evaporator device and the liquefier device are arranged at least in sections interlocking at the end.
  • line sections of the evaporator device and the condenser device engage in sections, with an overlap formed thereby preferably being greater or less than half the longitudinal extent of the respective pipelines.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that pipes of the evaporator device and pipes of the condenser device alternately interlock.
  • a pipe of the evaporator device and a pipe of the condenser device are arranged alternately.
  • a further development of the invention preferably provides that an end face of the evaporator device facing the condenser device is arranged substantially completely overlapping with an end face of the condenser device facing the evaporator device and / or vice versa.
  • the end faces are arranged essentially congruently.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides a drip separator-free design. In contrast to known heat exchanger units, the effort and provisions for a droplet separator can be saved.
  • a further development of the invention provides a vapor barrier-free and / or a drip barrier-free training. This creates a further simplification, which supports a material and cost-saving structure.
  • the invention provides a module structure.
  • the proposed design principle with regard to the arrangement of the evaporator device and the condenser device makes it possible, in one embodiment, to design independent flow properties for the heat exchanger operating means in the respective module, which essentially do not change even if several heat exchanger units constructed as modules are assembled in one system.
  • the evaporator device and the condenser device are formed in a thermal compressor.
  • the thermal compressor is integrated in a refrigeration system.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a thermal system with a heat exchanger unit 10, which is formed with a steam generator 11 and a condenser 12.
  • the steam generator 11 and the condenser 12 each have associated pipelines 13, 14.
  • a further heat exchanger unit 20 is arranged, which is formed with a condenser 21 and a steam generator 22.
  • the two heat exchanger units 10, 20 form a refrigeration system.
  • the steam generator 11 and the condenser 12 are positioned in an end configuration or arrangement, with end surfaces arranged opposite each other.
  • the same construction is provided for the further heat exchanger unit 20 with the condenser 21 and the steam generator 22.
  • evaporated operating fluid which is also referred to as working fluid, flows from the steam generator 11 to the condenser 12 in order to at least partially condense there.
  • the liquid condensate is then transferred to the steam generator 22 in order to evaporate there and then to flow as steam to the condenser 21, where condensation takes place again.
  • the liquid produced here is then fed back to the steam generator 11.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 30 and evaporator device 31 in which end faces 32, 33 are arranged opposite one another.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 40 and evaporator device 41, in which end faces 42, 43 are also arranged opposite one another.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with a condenser device 50 and an evaporator device 51 in a configuration at the end, the evaporator device 50 and the condenser device 51 being partially interlocking, so that an overlap area 52 is created.
  • the respective evaporator device can be an evaporator, a desorber or a generator.
  • the respective condenser device (condenser) is preferably designed as an absorber or condenser.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine wärmetechnische Anlage, insbe-sondere einer Kälteanlage.The invention relates to a thermal system, in particular a refrigeration system.

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the Invention

Der Bedarf an Klimatisierungsaufwand, insbesondere Kälteenergie, und somit der Gesamtenergiebedarf aufgrund steigender Arbeitsplatzanforderungen und Komfortwünsche ist stetig stark steigend. Die Klimatisierung der privaten wie gewerblichen Fahrzeugtechnik bezogen auf die Fahrgastzelle hat innerhalb von 10 Jahren von einem marginalen Marktanteil annähernd 100 % erreicht. Ähnliches ist für die Klimatisierung des Gebäudebestands zu erwarten. Zusätzlich wird mit Umsetzung der europäischen Richtlinie über die Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden künftig der Kühlenenergiebedarf bei der Gebäudebewertung berücksichtigt. Energie- und kosteneffiziente Kühltechnologien gewinnen hierdurch weiter an Bedeutung.The need for air conditioning, especially cooling energy, and thus the total energy requirement due to increasing workplace requirements and comfort requirements is constantly increasing. The air conditioning of private and commercial vehicle technology in relation to the passenger compartment has almost 100% of a marginal market share within 10 years. The same can be expected for the air conditioning of the building stock. In addition, with the implementation of the European directive on the overall energy efficiency of buildings, the cooling energy requirement will be taken into account in the building assessment. As a result, energy and cost-efficient cooling technologies continue to gain in importance.

Ein Hemmnis für den verstärkten Ausbau kapitalintensiver KWK-Technologien (KWK - Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung) ist die geringe Systemauslastung in den Sommermonaten. Die umweltschonende Kältebereitstellung mittels thermischer Kälteerzeugungsprozesse gilt als Möglichkeit, diesem Hemmnis entgegen zu wirken. Gerade in Fernwärmenetzen, die vorwiegend durch KWK-System versorgt werden, steht die notwendige Wärmeenergie zum Betrieb von thermischen Kälteerzeugungsprozessen als Abwärme aus der Stromerzeugung zur Verfügung.An obstacle to the increased expansion of capital-intensive CHP technologies (CHP - combined heat and power) is the low system utilization in the summer months. The environmentally friendly provision of refrigeration by means of thermal refrigeration processes is seen as an opportunity to counteract this obstacle. In district heating networks in particular, which are mainly supplied by a CHP system, the heat energy required to operate thermal cooling processes is available as waste heat from electricity generation.

Die Hauptkomponenten von Kälteanlagen wie Verdampfer, Absorber, Austreiber und Kondensator sind Wärmetauscher, die alle zwischen Medienwärme transportieren. Diese Wärmeüberträger sind hierbei für 50 % der Kosten und 75 % des Volumens der Kälteanlage verantwortlich.The main components of refrigeration systems such as evaporators, absorbers, expellers and condensers are heat exchangers, which all transport between media heat. These heat exchangers are responsible for 50% of the costs and 75% of the volume of the refrigeration system.

In dem Dokument WO 2007/006289 A1 ist eine das Funktionsprinzip einer als Absorptionskälteanlage ausgeführten Wärmepumpe offenbart. Anhand eines schematischen Schaltbildes wird dort die Arbeitsweise der Wärmepumpe, die mehrere Wärmetauscherkomponenten aufweist, im Einzelnen erläutert. Wärmetauscherkomponenten werden bei der realen Konstruktion für eine Anlage dann auch zu Wärmetauschereinheiten zusammengefasst, die eine Verdampfereinrichtung, die konfiguriert ist, ein Wärmetauscherbetriebs- oder Wärmetauscherarbeitsmittel zu verdampfen, und eine Verflüssigereinrichtung aufweisen, die konfiguriert ist, das Wärmetauscherbetriebs- oder Wärmetauscherarbeitsmittel mittel zu verflüssigen. Bekannte Bau- und Konstruktionsarten für Wärmetauschereinheiten sehen eine ausgesprochene räumliche Trennung der Funktionseinheiten vor, die gegebenenfalls in einer gemeinsamen Hülle oder einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet sind. Bei den bekannten Wärmetauschereinheiten sind die Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet. Eine Ausführung hiervon ist die so genannte Hamsterbacken-Konstruktion, bei der eine Verdampfereinrichtung zwischen zwei Teilverflüssigereinrichtungen angeordnet ist und der Gesamtaufbau in ein rohrförmiges Gehäuse integriert ist. Bekannte Einheiten von Wärmetauscherkomponenten verfügen über einen Tropfabscheider oder Dampfjalousien, um Flüssigkeitsspritzer den Übergang zu anderen Wärmetauschereinheiten zu erschweren oder dieses vollständig zu unterbinden.In the document WO 2007/006289 A1 discloses the functional principle of a heat pump designed as an absorption refrigeration system. The mode of operation of the heat pump, which has several heat exchanger components, is explained in detail using a schematic circuit diagram. In the real construction of a system, heat exchanger components are then also combined to form heat exchanger units which have an evaporator device , which is configured to evaporate a heat exchanger operating or heat exchanger working fluid, and having a liquefier device which is configured to liquefy the heat exchanger operating or heat exchanger working medium. Known types of construction and construction for heat exchanger units provide for a pronounced spatial separation of the functional units, which are optionally arranged in a common shell or a common housing. In the known heat exchanger units, the evaporator device and the condenser device are arranged side by side. One version of this is the so-called hamster-jaw construction, in which an evaporator device is arranged between two partial condenser devices and the entire structure is integrated in a tubular housing. Known units of heat exchanger components have a drip separator or steam blinds in order to make it more difficult for liquid splashes to make the transition to other heat exchanger units or to prevent them completely.

Dokument US 5,916,251 zeigt eine wärmetechnische Anlage, mit mehreren Wärmetauschereinheiten, wobei die Wärmetauschereinheiten eine thermodynamische und prozesstechnische Einheit bilden, derart, dass im Betrieb

  • verdampftes Betriebsmittel von einer Verdampfereinrichtung zu einer Verflüssigereinrichtung einer der Wärmetauschereinheiten überströmt, um dort wenigstens teilweise zu verflüssigen,
  • das die in der Verflüssigereinrichtung erzeugte Flüssigkeit dann zu einer Verdampfereinrichtung einer weiteren der Wärmetauschereinheiten überführt wird, um dort zu Dampf zu verdampfen, und
  • anschließend der Dampf zu einer Verflüssigereinrichtung der weiteren Wärmetauschereinheiten überströmt, wo erneut eine Verflüssigung stattfindet, und die hierbei erzeugte Flüssigkeit wieder der Verdampfereinrichtung zugeführt wird.
document US 5,916,251 shows a thermal plant, with several heat exchanger units, the heat exchanger units forming a thermodynamic and process engineering unit, such that in operation
  • evaporated operating medium flows over from an evaporator device to a condenser device of one of the heat exchanger units in order to at least partially liquefy there,
  • the liquid generated in the condenser device is then transferred to an evaporator device of a further one of the heat exchanger units in order to evaporate there into steam, and
  • then the steam flows to a liquefier device of the further heat exchanger units, where liquefaction takes place again, and the liquid produced in this way is fed back to the evaporator device.

Dokument US 5,845,703 betrifft ein Wärme-Wiedergewinnungssystem, bei dem Komponenten einer Wärmetauschereinheit stirnseitig gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Eine ähnliche Konstruktion ist für eine Wärmetauschereinheit in dem Dokument GB 2,451,848 A offenbart.document US 5,845,703 relates to a heat recovery system in which components of a heat exchanger unit are arranged opposite one another on the end face. A similar construction is for a heat exchanger unit in the document GB 2,451,848 A disclosed.

Dokument US 3,817,708 offenbart einen Fluid-Wärmetauscher mit U-förmigen Rohrleitungen.document US 3,817,708 discloses a fluid heat exchanger with U-shaped piping.

Das Dokument US 951,694 offenbart eine Wärmetauschereinheit, bei der Rohrstränge ineinandergreifend angeordnet sind.The document US 951,694 discloses a heat exchanger unit in which pipe strings are arranged in an interlocking manner.

Im Dokument DE 1 551 523 ist ein Wärmetauscher offenbart, bei dem Komponenten stirnseitig gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, derart, dass das Wärmetauscherfluid axial entlang dieser Anordnung strömt.In the document DE 1 551 523 discloses a heat exchanger in which components are arranged opposite one another on the end face, such that the heat exchanger fluid flows axially along this arrangement.

Im Dokument JP 2000-0111212 ist eine Absorbtionskühlanlage beschrieben.In the document JP 2000-0111212 an absorption cooling system is described.

Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es eine wärmetechnische Anlage mit einem verbesserten konstruktiven Aufbau zu schaffen, der den flexiblen Einsatz der wärmetechnischen Anlage in Anwendungen mit unterschiedlichen Anforderungen unterstützt.The object of the invention is to provide a thermal system with an improved structural design that supports the flexible use of the thermal system in applications with different requirements.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine wärmetechnische Anlage nach dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von abhängigen Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved according to the invention by a thermal system according to independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent subclaims.

Wärmeübertrager bekannter Art wurden bisher individuell und unabhängig voneinander an die erforderlichen Leistungen angepasst. Die mit der Erfindung neu geschaffene Einheit besteht aus einem oder mehreren Paaren aus Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung, welche eine thermodynamische und prozesstechnische Einheit bilden. Diese thermodynamische Einheit ist insbesondere dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sowohl die Länge des Dampfweges als auch der spezifische Dampfmassenstrom unabhängig von der absoluten Leistung bzw. Kapazität der gesamten Wärmeübertragereinheit. Das einmal optimierte Verhältnis der Kapazitäten der Wärmeübertrager untereinander, welche eine übergeordnete Einheit bilden, bleibt selbst bei Skalierungen der Leistung erhalten.Up to now, heat exchangers of a known type have been individually and independently adapted to the required outputs. The unit newly created with the invention consists of one or more pairs of evaporator device and condenser device, which form a thermodynamic and process engineering unit. This thermodynamic unit is characterized in particular in that both the length of the steam path and the specific steam mass flow are independent of the absolute power or capacity of the entire heat exchanger unit. The once optimized ratio of the capacities of the heat exchangers to one another, which form a higher-level unit, is retained even when the output is scaled.

Es können modulartige Wärmetauschereinheiten hergestellt werden, die in einer Gesamtanlage zusammensetzbar sind, wodurch eine verbesserte Skalierbarkeit von wärmetechnischen Anlagen oder Wärmepumpen, insbesondere Kälteanlagen und Entsalzungsanlagen, ermöglicht ist. Die stirnseitige Konfiguration ermöglicht darüber hinaus einen konstruktiven Aufbau mit optimierter Raumausnutzung und trägt entscheidend zur thermischen Trennung der unterschiedlichen Funktionseinheiten, Dampferzeuger und Verflüssiger bei, wodurch trotz räumlicher Optimierung die thermischen Verluste minimiert werden.Modular heat exchanger units can be produced, which can be assembled in an overall system, which enables improved scalability of thermal engineering systems or heat pumps, in particular refrigeration systems and desalination systems. The front-side configuration also enables a structural design with optimized space utilization and makes a decisive contribution to the thermal separation of the different functional units, steam generators and condensers, which minimizes thermal losses despite spatial optimization.

Bei der Verdampfereinrichtung kann es sich zum Beispiel um einen Generator oder einen Verdampfer handeln. Die Verflüssigereinrichtung ist beispielsweise als ein Absorber oder ein Kondensator ausgeführt. Die stirnseitige Anordnung von Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung führt im Vergleich zu bekannten Wärmetauschereinheiten zu einem veränderten Dampfströmungsverhalten zwischen den Einrichtungen, was eine Art Wellenbildung impliziert, wodurch ein erhöhter Wärme- und Stoffübergang erreicht ist. Die leistungsbezogene Wärmetauscherfläche ist verringert.The evaporator device can be, for example, a generator or an evaporator. The liquefier device is designed, for example, as an absorber or a condenser. The frontal arrangement of the evaporator device and the condenser device leads to a changed steam flow behavior between the devices compared to known heat exchanger units, which implies a kind of wave formation, whereby an increased heat and mass transfer is achieved. The performance-related heat exchanger area is reduced.

Die mit der Erfindung erreichte Skalierbarkeit ermöglicht es, wärmetechnische Anlagen, insbesondere Kälteanlagen, hinsichtlich der Anlagengröße und -leistung für unterschiedliche Anwendungen individuell anzupassen. Insbesondere ist eine kompakte Bauform ermöglicht, um in kleine Leistungsbereiche vorzustoßen, die für bekannte Bauarten des möglichen Zusammenbaus von Wärmetauscherkomponenten wegen schlechter Leistungsdichte und großem Platzbedarf unattraktiv waren.The scalability achieved with the invention makes it possible to individually adapt thermal engineering systems, in particular refrigeration systems, with regard to the system size and output for different applications. In particular, a compact design is made possible to advance into small performance ranges that were unattractive for known types of possible assembly of heat exchanger components due to poor power density and large space requirements.

Die Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung einander stirnseitig gegenüberstehend angeordnet sind. So sind Stirnflächen der Verdampferreinrichtung und der Verflüssigereinrichtung einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet, sei es in einem Abstand voneinander oder im Wesentlichen aufeinander liegend.The invention provides that the evaporator device and the condenser device are arranged opposite one another on the end face. For example, end faces of the evaporator device and the condenser device are arranged opposite one another, either at a distance from one another or essentially lying on top of one another.

Bei einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung wenigstens abschnittsweise stirnseitig ineinandergreifend angeordnet sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsform greifen Leitungsabschnitte von Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung abschnittsweise ineinander, wobei eine hierdurch gebildete Überlappung vorzugsweise größer oder kleiner als die halbe Längserstreckung der jeweiligen Rohrleitungen ist.In an expedient embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the evaporator device and the liquefier device are arranged at least in sections interlocking at the end. In this embodiment, line sections of the evaporator device and the condenser device engage in sections, with an overlap formed thereby preferably being greater or less than half the longitudinal extent of the respective pipelines.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass Rohrleitungen der Verdampfereinrichtung und Rohrleitungen der Verflüssigereinrichtung alternierend ineinandergreifen. Abwechselnd sind eine Rohrleitung der Verdampfereinrichtung und eine Rohrleitung der Verflüssigereinrichtung angeordnet.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that pipes of the evaporator device and pipes of the condenser device alternately interlock. A pipe of the evaporator device and a pipe of the condenser device are arranged alternately.

Bevorzugt sieht eine Fortbildung der Erfindung vor, dass eine der Verflüssigereinrichtung zugewandte Stirnfläche der Verdampfereinrichtung im Wesentlichen vollständig überlappend mit einer der Verdampfereinrichtung zugewandten Stirnfläche der Verflüssigereinrichtung angeordnet ist und / oder umgekehrt. In einer Ausführungsform sind die stirnseitigen Flächen also im Wesentlichen deckungsgleich angeordnet.A further development of the invention preferably provides that an end face of the evaporator device facing the condenser device is arranged substantially completely overlapping with an end face of the condenser device facing the evaporator device and / or vice versa. In one embodiment, the end faces are arranged essentially congruently.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht eine tropfabscheiderfreie Ausbildung vor. Im Unterschied zu bekannten Wärmetauschereinheiten können Aufwand und Vorkehrungen für einen Tropfenabscheider eingespart werden.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides a drip separator-free design. In contrast to known heat exchanger units, the effort and provisions for a droplet separator can be saved.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht eine dampfsperrenfreie und / oder eine tropfensperrenfreie Ausbildung vor. Hierdurch ist eine weitergehende Vereinfachung gebildet, die einen material- und kostensparenden Aufbau unterstützt.A further development of the invention provides a vapor barrier-free and / or a drip barrier-free training. This creates a further simplification, which supports a material and cost-saving structure.

Die Erfindung sieht einen Modulaufbau vor. Das vorgesehen Konstruktionsprinzip hinsichtlich der Anordnung von Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung ermöglicht es in einer Ausführungsform, in dem jeweiligen Modul eigenständige Strömungseigenschaften für das Wärmetauscherbetriebsmittel auszubilden, die sich im Wesentlichen auch nicht ändern, wenn mehrere als Modul aufgebaute Wärmetauschereinheiten zusammengesetzt werden in einer Anlage.The invention provides a module structure. The proposed design principle with regard to the arrangement of the evaporator device and the condenser device makes it possible, in one embodiment, to design independent flow properties for the heat exchanger operating means in the respective module, which essentially do not change even if several heat exchanger units constructed as modules are assembled in one system.

Bei einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung in einem thermischen Verdichter gebildet sind. Beispielsweise ist der thermische Verdichter in eine Kälteanlage integriert.In an expedient embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the evaporator device and the condenser device are formed in a thermal compressor. For example, the thermal compressor is integrated in a refrigeration system.

Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele der ErfindungDescription of preferred embodiments of the invention

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf Fig. einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung einer wärmetechnischen Anlage mit vier Wärmetauscherkomponenten,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung und Verdampfereinrichtung, bei der Stirnflächen einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung und Verdampfereinrichtung, bei der Stirnflächen ebenfalls einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, und
Fig. 4
eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung und Verdampfereinrichtung in stirnseitiger Konfiguration, wobei die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung teilweise ineinander liegend angeordnet sind.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to FIG. 1 of a drawing. Here show:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a thermal system with four heat exchanger components,
Fig. 2
1 shows a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger unit with a condenser device and an evaporator device, in which end faces are arranged opposite one another,
Fig. 3
a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with a condenser device and evaporator device, in which end faces are also arranged opposite one another, and
Fig. 4
is a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with a condenser device and evaporator device in the end configuration, wherein the evaporator device and the condenser device are partially arranged one inside the other.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Darstellung einer wärmetechnischen Anlage mit einer Wärmetauschereinheit 10, die mit einem Dampferzeuger 11 und einem Verflüssiger 12 gebildet ist. Der Dampferzeuger 11 und der Verflüssiger 12 verfügen jeweils über zugeordnete Rohrleitungen 13, 14. Auf der Wärmetauschereinheit 10 ist eine weitere Wärmetauschereinheit 20 angeordnet, die mit einem Verflüssiger 21 und einem Dampferzeuger 22 gebildet ist. Die beiden Wärmetauschereinheiten 10, 20 bilden eine Kälteanlage. Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a thermal system with a heat exchanger unit 10, which is formed with a steam generator 11 and a condenser 12. The steam generator 11 and the condenser 12 each have associated pipelines 13, 14. On the heat exchanger unit 10, a further heat exchanger unit 20 is arranged, which is formed with a condenser 21 and a steam generator 22. The two heat exchanger units 10, 20 form a refrigeration system.

Der Dampferzeuger 11 und der Verflüssiger 12 sind in einer stirnseitigen Konfiguration oder Anordnung positioniert, wobei Stirnflächen einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Ein gleicher konstruktiver Aufbau ist für die weitere Wärmetauschereinheit 20 mit dem Verflüssiger 21 und den Dampferzeuger 22 vorgesehen.The steam generator 11 and the condenser 12 are positioned in an end configuration or arrangement, with end surfaces arranged opposite each other. The same construction is provided for the further heat exchanger unit 20 with the condenser 21 and the steam generator 22.

Im Betrieb der Kälteanlage strömt verdampftes Betriebsmittel, welches auch als Arbeitsfluid bezeichnet wird, von dem Dampferzeuger 11 zu dem Verflüssiger 12, um dort wenigstens teilweise zu kondensieren. Das flüssige Kondensat wird dann dem Dampferzeuger 22 überführt, um dort zu verdampfen und anschließend als Dampf zum Verflüssiger 21 überzuströmen, wo erneut eine Kondensation stattfindet. Die hierbei erzeugte Flüssigkeit wird dann wieder dem Dampferzeuger 11 zugeführt.During operation of the refrigeration system, evaporated operating fluid, which is also referred to as working fluid, flows from the steam generator 11 to the condenser 12 in order to at least partially condense there. The liquid condensate is then transferred to the steam generator 22 in order to evaporate there and then to flow as steam to the condenser 21, where condensation takes place again. The liquid produced here is then fed back to the steam generator 11.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung 30 und Verdampfereinrichtung 31 bei der Stirnflächen 32, 33 einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 30 and evaporator device 31 in which end faces 32, 33 are arranged opposite one another.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung 40 und Verdampfereinrichtung 41, bei der Stirnflächen 42, 43 ebenfalls einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 40 and evaporator device 41, in which end faces 42, 43 are also arranged opposite one another.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung 50 und Verdampfereinrichtung 51 in stirnseitiger Konfiguration, wobei die Verdampfereinrichtung 50 und die Verflüssigereinrichtung 51 teilweise ineinander greifend angeordnet sind, so dass ein Überlappungsbereich 52 geschaffen ist. Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with a condenser device 50 and an evaporator device 51 in a configuration at the end, the evaporator device 50 and the condenser device 51 being partially interlocking, so that an overlap area 52 is created.

Bei der jeweiligen Verdampfereinrichtung (Dampferzeuger) kann es sich um einen Verdampfer, einen Desorber oder einen Generator handeln. Die jeweilige Verflüssigereinrichtung (Verflüssiger) ist bevorzugt als Absorber oder Kondensator ausgeführt.The respective evaporator device (steam generator) can be an evaporator, a desorber or a generator. The respective condenser device (condenser) is preferably designed as an absorber or condenser.

Claims (8)

  1. A thermotechnical system, with a plurality of heat exchanger units (10, 20) assembled in accordance with a modular arrangement, wherein:
    - the plurality of heat exchanger units (10, 20) are each formed with an evaporator unit, which is configured to evaporate a heat exchanger operation agent, and a condenser unit, which is configured to liquefy the heat exchanger operation agent, wherein the evaporator unit and condenser unit are fluidically connected for an overflow of the heat exchanger operation agent and arranged in a face-to-face configuration relative to each other, and
    - the plurality of heat exchanger units (10, 20) form a thermodynamic and process engineering unit, such that, during operation,
    - evaporated operation agent flows over from an evaporator unit (11) to a condenser unit (12) of one of the heat exchanger units (10), so as to there at least partially liquefy,
    - that the liquid generated in the condenser unit (12) is then transferred to an evaporator unit (22) of another one of the heat exchanger units (20), so as to there evaporate into vapor, and
    - the vapor subsequently flows over to a condenser unit (21) of the other heat exchanger units (20), where liquefaction once again takes place, and the liquid generated thereby is again fed to the evaporator unit (11).
  2. The thermotechnical system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the plurality of heat exchanger units (10, 20) the evaporator unit (51) and condenser unit (50) are arranged at least sectionally face-to-face in an engaging manner.
  3. The thermotechnical system according to claim 2, characterized in that in the plurality of heat exchanger units (10, 20) pipe lines of the evaporator unit and pipe lines of the condenser unit alternatingly engage.
  4. The thermotechnical system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the plurality of heat exchanger units (10, 20) a front surface of the evaporator unit facing the condenser unit is arranged substantially completely overlapping with a front surface of the condenser unit facing the evaporator unit and/or vice versa.
  5. The thermotechnical system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by a droplet separator-free configuration of the plurality of heat exchanger units (10, 20).
  6. The thermotechnical system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by a vapor barrier-free and/or a droplet separator-free configuration of the plurality of heat exchanger units (10, 20).
  7. The thermotechnical system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the plurality of heat exchanger units (10, 20) the evaporator unit and the condenser unit are formed in a thermal compressor.
  8. The thermotechnical system according to at least one of the preceding claims, implemented as a heat pump, refrigerating system or desalination system.
EP10719231.2A 2009-03-20 2010-03-19 Heat exchanger unit and thermotechnical system Active EP2409103B1 (en)

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DE102009013684A DE102009013684A1 (en) 2009-03-20 2009-03-20 Heat exchanger unit and thermal installation
PCT/DE2010/000309 WO2010105613A2 (en) 2009-03-20 2010-03-19 Heat exchanger unit and thermotechnical system

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WO2010105613A3 (en) 2011-03-10
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US20120067713A1 (en) 2012-03-22
DE102009013684A1 (en) 2010-10-07
US10801782B2 (en) 2020-10-13

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