EP2383758A1 - Electromagnetic actuator with optimised operation and electric switchgear comprising such an actuator - Google Patents
Electromagnetic actuator with optimised operation and electric switchgear comprising such an actuator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2383758A1 EP2383758A1 EP11354011A EP11354011A EP2383758A1 EP 2383758 A1 EP2383758 A1 EP 2383758A1 EP 11354011 A EP11354011 A EP 11354011A EP 11354011 A EP11354011 A EP 11354011A EP 2383758 A1 EP2383758 A1 EP 2383758A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- armature
- fixed yoke
- movable
- electromagnetic actuator
- fixed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
- H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
- H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
- H01H2050/362—Part of the magnetic circuit conducts current to be switched or coil current, e.g. connector and magnetic circuit formed of one single part
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
- H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
- H01H50/40—Branched or multiple-limb main magnetic circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprising a movable armature controlled in motion between two positions, an open position and a closed position, with respect to a fixed yoke with the aid of a control coil fed by a control current.
- Means for detecting the separation of the moving armature with respect to the fixed yoke comprising a power source, a switch switched during a change of position of the armature with respect to the fixed yoke, and detection means the state of the switch and sending a control signal when the switch is brought to the open state.
- the invention also relates to an electrical apparatus with optimized operation comprising an electromagnetic actuator.
- a switch-type electrical switch device for example of three-pole type, comprises an electromagnetic actuator with a control coil, a fixed yoke and a movable armature.
- the apparatus further comprises a movable member set in motion by the actuator and carrying for each pole at least one movable contact adapted to move relative to a fixed contact between an open state and a closed state by means of the actuator. In the closed state, each movable contact is crushed against the corresponding fixed contact by means of a pole spring.
- the means for detecting the separation of the moving armature with respect to the fixed yoke comprise an electric detection circuit composed of a power source, a switch switched during a change of position of the mobile armature. relative to the fixed yoke and means for detecting the state of the switch and sending a control signal when the switch is brought to the open state.
- the switch is formed on the actuator, by contact or separation between the movable armature and the fixed yoke of the actuator.
- the actuator as a contact, connecting each of the parts of the actuator to a wire: a wire on the fixed part, a wire on the moving part) is a source of fragility of the detection means. Indeed, since the actuator must perform several millions of opening and closing cycles, a problem of reliability is present due to the wire on the moving part.
- the invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art, so as to provide an electromagnetic actuator comprising reliable separation detection means.
- the switch of the detection means of the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention is formed on the actuator, by contact or separation between the movable armature and the fixed yoke of the actuator, the fixed yoke being made in two conductive parts. respectively connected to the electrical detection circuit and separated from each other by an electrical insulator.
- the contact of the movable armature with the fixed yoke in the closed position creates an electrical connection between the two conductive parts of the fixed yoke.
- the magnetic yoke comprises an E-shaped section extending along a median longitudinal plane and comprising two external branches, at least one central branch, and a transverse reinforcement secured to a first end. external and central branches, the electrical insulation being positioned to separate the fixed yoke into two parts respectively having an E-shaped section extending along the median longitudinal plane.
- the magnetic yoke comprises an E-shaped section extending along a median longitudinal plane and comprising two external branches, at least one central branch, and a transverse reinforcement secured to a first end. outer and central branches, the electrical insulator being positioned to separate the fixed yoke into two conductive parts respectively comprising one of the two outer branches and at least a portion of the central branch.
- the electrical insulator is positioned to separate the fixed yoke in two symmetrical conductive parts and respectively comprising one of the two outer branches and one half of the central branch.
- the electromagnetic actuator comprises means for measuring the control current passing through the control coil during the separation of the moving armature with respect to the fixed yoke, means for processing the measured control current in order to control the device to optimize its energy consumption or to perform a diagnosis of the device.
- the actuator also comprises control means for varying the control current injected into the control coil.
- the means for measuring the control current passing through the control coil during the separation of the mobile armature with respect to the fixed yoke are implemented during a phase of maintaining the movable contact in its closed state relative to in fixed contact.
- the measuring means of the control current passing through the control coil during the separation of the mobile armature with respect to the fixed yoke are implemented during a phase of opening the movable contact relative to the fixed contact.
- the processing means comprise means for determining a wear level of the fixed and moving contacts from the control current measured during the separation of the moving armature relative to the fixed yoke.
- the processing means comprise means for determining an optimum control current to be applied to the control coil for holding the moving armature in the closed position and comprise means for determining a control current to be applied to the coil of control and for bringing the mobile armature back to the closed position after unintentional opening of the mobile armature.
- the electrical switch device comprises an actuator electromagnetic as defined above and comprises a movable member carrying at least one movable contact able to move between two states, an open state and a closed state, with respect to a fixed contact for controlling an electrical circuit, the movable member being attached to the mobile armature.
- a switch-type electrical switch device comprises, in known manner, an electromagnetic type actuator 1, one or more poles (for example three poles for a three-pole contactor) with, for each pole, a movable member set in motion by the actuator, one or more movable contacts 21 carried by the movable member and one or more fixed contacts 20.
- the actuator 1 comprises a magnetic circuit more particularly comprising a fixed yoke 10 and a movable armature 11 adapted to move relative to the fixed yoke 10 between two positions, an open position ( Figure 1A ) and a closed position ( Figure 1 C) .
- the electromagnetic actuator also comprises a control coil 3 controlled by a control current in order to move the mobile armature 11 from its open position to its closed position and a return spring 4 positioned between its fixed yoke 10 and its mobile armature 11 to move the movable armature 11 from its closed position to its open position.
- the movable member is for example a movable double break bridge carrying two movable contacts 21 movable between two states, an open state and a closed state, according to the position of the movable armature 11 of the actuator 1.
- the electrical apparatus comprises a pole spring 5 for crushing the movable contacts 21 against the fixed contacts 20 when the movable armature 11 is in the closed position.
- the invention described below will be able to operate with a simple rupture type mobile member.
- Figures 1A to 1C show only one pole of the electrical switch device. It should be understood that the invention applies to all the poles of the apparatus.
- the moving armature 11 is in its closing stroke by injecting a control current into the control coil 3 of the actuator 1.
- the control current must be sufficient to counter the force provided by the return spring 4.
- the movable contacts 21 are brought to the closed state by the actuator 1 but the pole spring 5 is not stressed.
- the movable armature 11 completes its closing stroke and is kept in its closed position relative to the fixed yoke 10 by injecting a sufficient control current into the control coil 3 of the actuator 1.
- the return spring 4 is compressed to the maximum between the movable armature 11 and the fixed breech 10.
- the movable contacts 21 are kept in the closed state and are crushed against the fixed contacts 20 by means of the pole spring 5 which is compressed by means of the actuator 1.
- the pole springs 5 will be more or less compressed and the force provided by the actuator 1 will be more or less important. Indeed, the less the contacts 20, 21 are worn, the more pole springs 5 are compressed and therefore the force provided by the actuator 1 to compress these springs must be important. Therefore, it is possible to correlate the wear level of the contacts with the force provided by the actuator to compress the pole springs 5.
- the figure 2 schematically shows the force profile provided by the actuator 1 during the total opening / closing stroke Ct performed by the movable armature 11 relative to the fixed yoke 10.
- the portion A of the profile of the figure 2 shows the force provided by the actuator 1 to go against the pole springs 5 and thus to crush the movable contacts 21 against the fixed contacts 20.
- the maximum force provided by the actuator 1 will be different and will be even weaker as the contacts are worn.
- the force supplied by the actuator 1 becomes weaker since it then consists solely in going against the return spring 4. This effort decreases gradually until the full opening of the contacts.
- control current which is injected into the control coil 3 when the mobile armature 11 separates from the fixed yoke 10 is therefore representative of the minimum force provided by the actuator 1 to maintain the armature 11 in the closed position and to fight against the pole springs 5.
- the control current measured at this precise moment can therefore be processed to detect wear contacts or to optimize the operation of the device.
- control means 9 to vary the control current i (t) injected into the control coil 3
- means 6 to detect the separation of the mobile armature 11 relative to the fixed yoke 10
- measurement means 7 of the current injected into the coil 3 during the separation of the moving armature 11 relative to the fixed yoke 10 and the processing means 8 of the current i1 measured.
- the control method can be implemented in the electrical apparatus during a normal opening phase of the contacts or during a phase of maintaining the contacts in the closed position. In the latter situation, it is necessary to open the actuator 1 sufficiently and then to close it immediately before opening the contacts. This operation may for example be performed several times in succession and at regular intervals to enter several current values.
- the invention thanks to the means defined above, it is therefore a question of progressively lowering the control current i (t) injected into the coil 3 while the moving armature 11 is in the closed position and send a signal Sig to the measuring means 7 to measure the current corresponding to the moment when the moving armature 11 separates from the fixed yoke 10.
- the force of the actuator 1 controlled by the current level i (t) injected into the coil must be decreased gradually and fast enough not to disturb the operation of the apparatus if the method is implemented during a contact opening phase.
- the means 6 for detecting the separation of the moving armature 11 with respect to the fixed yoke 10 comprise an electric detection circuit composed of a power source S, a switch, detection means 60 of the opening of the switch and sending a control signal Sig to the measuring means 7 of the current when the switch is open.
- the detection means 60 of the opening of the switch may comprise for example a resistor and a voltmeter (not shown) for monitoring the voltage across the resistor.
- a resistor When the voltage across the resistor vanishes, it means that the detection circuit is open and thus the movable armature 11 separates from the fixed yoke 10.
- the control signal Sig is sent to the means measuring current 7 in the control coil 3.
- the measured current i1 at the time of receiving the control signal Sig is then processed by the processing means 8.
- the magnetic yoke 10 of the magnetic circuit preferably comprises an E-shaped section extending along a median longitudinal plane (XY) and having two external branches 12, at least one central branch 13, and a transverse reinforcement secured to a first end of the outer and central branches.
- XY median longitudinal plane
- the movable armature 11 is placed opposite the second ends of the outer branches 12 and moves in translation along an axis of displacement Y substantially coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the central branch 13 of the magnetic yoke 10 in shape from E.
- the control coil 3 comprising a longitudinal axis Y substantially coincides with that of the central branch of the magnetic yoke 10 in the form of E. In fact, said control coil 3 is wound on the central branch of the magnetic yoke 10.
- a return spring 4 is positioned between the magnetic yoke 10 and the movable armature 11 to move the movable armature 11 from its closed position to its open position. In the closed position of the electrical apparatus, the movable armature 11 is placed opposite the magnetic yoke 10 so as to connect the second ends of the outer and central branches together.
- the electrical contact of the switch of the detection electric circuit 6 is formed by the moving armature 11 and the fixed yoke 10.
- the movable armature 11 is therefore the moving part of the switch of the detection circuit 6 and, together with the fixed yoke 10, forms an integral part of the detection circuit 6.
- the fixed yoke 10 then comprises two conductive portions 10A, 10B respectively connected to the electrical detection circuit 6 and separated from each other by an electrical insulator 14. The contact of the mobile armature 11 with the fixed yoke 10 in position closed then creates an electrical connection between the two conductive parts of the fixed yoke 10 and thus closes the switch.
- the electrical insulator 14 is positioned to separate the fixed yoke 10 into two conductive portions 10A, 10B respectively having one of the two outer branches 12 and at least a portion of the central branch 13.
- the electrical insulator 14 is positioned to separate the fixed yoke 10 into two symmetrical conductive portions 10A, 10B and respectively having one of the two outer branches 12 and one half of the central branch 13.
- the electrical insulator 14 is positioned to separate the fixed yoke 10 into two parts 10A, 10B respectively having an E-shaped section extending along the median longitudinal plane XY.
- Assembly means 15 such as connecting pins allow positioning of the electrical insulator between the two E-shaped parts.
- the electrical insulator is sandwiched between the two parts 10A, 10B.
- a stack is observed successively comprising a first portion 10A of the yoke 10, the electrical insulator 14 and a second portion 10B of the yoke 10.
- the detection circuit 6 is directly connected firstly to a first portion 10A and secondly to a second portion 10B fixed yoke 10. When the movable armature 11 is in the closed position, the electrical detection circuit is closed.
- the current i1 which is measured by the measuring means 7 may for example be compared by the processing means 8 at different predetermined thresholds recorded in the apparatus to deduce a level of wear. contacts or compared to the current measured during the previous operation to follow its evolution. It is also possible to convert the measured current i1 into a percentage of wear and to compare this percentage with different thresholds. Other modes of treatment can of course be considered.
- the processing means 8 can also determine an optimal control current of maintenance. to apply to the actuator 1.
- the holding current applied to the actuator 1 is chosen large enough that the movable armature 11 can remain in the closed position regardless of the number of optional additives added to the actuator 1. device, the intensity of the shocks or vibrations experienced by the device or the wear of the device. This current is therefore often chosen more important than necessary to take into account these different situations.
- the current measured i1 during the separation of the moving armature 11 relative to the fixed yoke 10 can therefore be processed to readjust the holding current and determine an optimum holding current that is adapted to the environment and the configuration of the the device.
- the current measured during the separation of the mobile armature 11 is for example increased by a determined percentage to ensure that it is sufficient for the maintenance of the armature 11 in the closed position in its environment and in its configuration. Determination of the optimal holding current may be performed at regular intervals to take into account possible additions of additives or environmental change. This functionality can be provided alone in the electrical apparatus or implemented in addition to the wear detection of the contacts. In particular, it makes it possible to optimize the energy consumption of the apparatus by injecting a control current just necessary for maintaining the mobile armature 11 in the closed position.
- the invention may also be used to detect an uncontrolled opening of the movable armature 11 relative to the fixed yoke 10 and perform an action in response to this opening.
- the action in response consists in increasing the control current in the coil 3 in order to bring the mobile armature 11 back to the closed position.
- this functionality can be provided alone in the electrical apparatus or implemented in addition to the wear detection of the contacts and / or the determination of the optimal holding current.
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- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention est relative à un actionneur électromagnétique comportant une armature mobile commandée en mouvement entre deux positions, une position d'ouverture et une position de fermeture, par rapport à une culasse fixe à l'aide d'une bobine de commande alimentée par un courant de commande. Des moyens de détection de la séparation de l'armature mobile par rapport à la culasse fixe comportant une source d'alimentation, un interrupteur commuté lors d'un changement de position de l'armature mobile par rapport la culasse fixe et des moyens de détection de l'état de l'interrupteur et d'envoi d'un signal de commande lorsque l'interrupteur est amené à l'état ouvert.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprising a movable armature controlled in motion between two positions, an open position and a closed position, with respect to a fixed yoke with the aid of a control coil fed by a control current. Means for detecting the separation of the moving armature with respect to the fixed yoke comprising a power source, a switch switched during a change of position of the armature with respect to the fixed yoke, and detection means the state of the switch and sending a control signal when the switch is brought to the open state.
L'invention est aussi relative à un appareil électrique interrupteur à fonctionnement optimisé comprenant un actionneur électromagnétique.The invention also relates to an electrical apparatus with optimized operation comprising an electromagnetic actuator.
Pour rappel, un appareil électrique interrupteur de type contacteur, par exemple de type tripolaire, comporte un actionneur électromagnétique doté d'une bobine de commande, d'une culasse fixe et d'une armature mobile. Lorsqu'un courant suffisant est injecté dans la bobine de commande, l'armature mobile se déplace en direction de la culasse fixe en allant à l'encontre d'un ressort de rappel. L'appareil comporte en outre un organe mobile mis en mouvement par l'actionneur et portant pour chaque pôle au moins un contact mobile apte à se déplacer par rapport à un contact fixe entre un état ouvert et un état fermé grâce à l'actionneur. A l'état fermé, chaque contact mobile est écrasé contre le contact fixe correspondant à l'aide d'un ressort de pôle.As a reminder, a switch-type electrical switch device, for example of three-pole type, comprises an electromagnetic actuator with a control coil, a fixed yoke and a movable armature. When a sufficient current is injected into the control coil, the moving armature moves toward the fixed yoke against a return spring. The apparatus further comprises a movable member set in motion by the actuator and carrying for each pole at least one movable contact adapted to move relative to a fixed contact between an open state and a closed state by means of the actuator. In the closed state, each movable contact is crushed against the corresponding fixed contact by means of a pole spring.
Il est connu du brevet
D'autre procédé tel que notamment décrit dans la demande de brevet de la demanderesse intitulée : « Appareil électrique interrupteur à fonctionnement optimisé », comporte des étapes de :
- détection de la séparation de l'armature mobile par rapport à la culasse fixe,
- mesure du courant de commande traversant la bobine de commande lors de la séparation de l'armature mobile par rapport à la culasse fixe,
- traitement du courant de commande mesuré en vue de commander l'appareil ou d'effectuer un diagnostic de l'appareil.
- detection of the separation of the moving armature with respect to the fixed yoke,
- measuring the control current passing through the control coil during the separation of the moving armature relative to the fixed yoke,
- processing of the measured control current in order to control the apparatus or to make a diagnosis of the apparatus.
Les moyens de détection de la séparation de l'armature mobile par rapport à la culasse fixe comportent un circuit électrique de détection composé d'une source d'alimentation, d'un interrupteur commuté lors d'un changement de position de l'armature mobile par rapport la culasse fixe et des moyens de détection de l'état de l'interrupteur et d'envoi d'un signal de commande lorsque l'interrupteur est amené à l'état ouvert. Selon une variante décrite, l'interrupteur est réalisé sur l'actionneur, par contact ou séparation entre l'armature mobile et la culasse fixe de l'actionneur. Le fait d'utiliser l'actionneur comme un contact, en reliant chacune des parties de l'actionneur à un fil électrique : un fil sur la partie fixe, un fil sur la partie mobile) est une source de fragilité des moyens de détection. En effet, l'actionneur devant réaliser plusieurs millions de cycle d'ouverture et de fermeture, un problème de fiabilité est présent dû au fil sur la partie mobile.The means for detecting the separation of the moving armature with respect to the fixed yoke comprise an electric detection circuit composed of a power source, a switch switched during a change of position of the mobile armature. relative to the fixed yoke and means for detecting the state of the switch and sending a control signal when the switch is brought to the open state. According to a variant described, the switch is formed on the actuator, by contact or separation between the movable armature and the fixed yoke of the actuator. Using the actuator as a contact, connecting each of the parts of the actuator to a wire: a wire on the fixed part, a wire on the moving part) is a source of fragility of the detection means. Indeed, since the actuator must perform several millions of opening and closing cycles, a problem of reliability is present due to the wire on the moving part.
L'invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique, de manière à proposer un actionneur électromagnétique comportant des moyens de détection de la séparation fiables.The invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art, so as to provide an electromagnetic actuator comprising reliable separation detection means.
L'interrupteur des moyens de détection de l'actionneur électromagnétique selon l'invention est réalisé sur l'actionneur, par contact ou séparation entre l'armature mobile et la culasse fixe de l'actionneur, la culasse fixe étant réalisée en deux parties conductrices respectivement reliées au circuit électrique de détection et séparées l'une de l'autre par un isolant électrique. Le contact de l'armature mobile avec la culasse fixe en position fermée crée une liaison électrique entre les deux parties conductrices de la culasse fixe.The switch of the detection means of the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention is formed on the actuator, by contact or separation between the movable armature and the fixed yoke of the actuator, the fixed yoke being made in two conductive parts. respectively connected to the electrical detection circuit and separated from each other by an electrical insulator. The contact of the movable armature with the fixed yoke in the closed position creates an electrical connection between the two conductive parts of the fixed yoke.
Selon un premier mode de développement de l'invention, la culasse magnétique comporte une section en forme de E s'étendant selon un plan longitudinal médian et comportant deux branches externes, au moins une branche centrale, et une armature transverse solidarisée à une première extrémité des branches externes et centrale, l'isolant électrique étant positionné de manière à séparer la culasse fixe en deux parties comportant respectivement une section en forme de E s'étendant selon le plan longitudinal médian.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the magnetic yoke comprises an E-shaped section extending along a median longitudinal plane and comprising two external branches, at least one central branch, and a transverse reinforcement secured to a first end. external and central branches, the electrical insulation being positioned to separate the fixed yoke into two parts respectively having an E-shaped section extending along the median longitudinal plane.
Selon un premier mode de développement de l'invention, la culasse magnétique comporte une section en forme de E s'étendant selon un plan longitudinal médian et comportant deux branches externes, au moins une branche centrale, et une armature transverse solidarisée à une première extrémité des branches externes et centrale, l'isolant électrique étant positionné de manière à séparer la culasse fixe en deux parties conductrices comportant respectivement une des deux branches externes et au moins une partie de la branche centrale.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the magnetic yoke comprises an E-shaped section extending along a median longitudinal plane and comprising two external branches, at least one central branch, and a transverse reinforcement secured to a first end. outer and central branches, the electrical insulator being positioned to separate the fixed yoke into two conductive parts respectively comprising one of the two outer branches and at least a portion of the central branch.
De préférence, l'isolant électrique est positionné de manière à séparer la culasse fixe en deux parties conductrices symétriques et comportant respectivement une des deux branches externes et une moitié de la branche centrale.Preferably, the electrical insulator is positioned to separate the fixed yoke in two symmetrical conductive parts and respectively comprising one of the two outer branches and one half of the central branch.
De préférence, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte des moyens de mesure du courant de commande traversant la bobine de commande lors de la séparation de l'armature mobile par rapport à la culasse fixe, des moyens de traitement du courant de commande mesuré en vue de commander l'appareil pour optimiser sa consommation d'énergie ou d'effectuer un diagnostic de l'appareil. L'actionneur comporte aussi des moyens de commande pour faire varier le courant de commande injecté dans la bobine de commande.Preferably, the electromagnetic actuator comprises means for measuring the control current passing through the control coil during the separation of the moving armature with respect to the fixed yoke, means for processing the measured control current in order to control the device to optimize its energy consumption or to perform a diagnosis of the device. The actuator also comprises control means for varying the control current injected into the control coil.
Avantageusement, les moyens de mesure du courant de commande traversant la bobine de commande lors de la séparation de l'armature mobile par rapport à la culasse fixe sont mis en oeuvre lors d'une phase de maintien du contact mobile dans son état fermé par rapport au contact fixe.Advantageously, the means for measuring the control current passing through the control coil during the separation of the mobile armature with respect to the fixed yoke are implemented during a phase of maintaining the movable contact in its closed state relative to in fixed contact.
Avantageusement, les moyens de mesure du courant de commande traversant la bobine de commande lors de la séparation de l'armature mobile par rapport à la culasse fixe sont mis en oeuvre lors d'une phase d'ouverture du contact mobile par rapport au contact fixe.Advantageously, the measuring means of the control current passing through the control coil during the separation of the mobile armature with respect to the fixed yoke are implemented during a phase of opening the movable contact relative to the fixed contact. .
Avantageusement, les moyens de traitement comportent des moyens de détermination d'un niveau d'usure des contacts fixes et mobiles à partir du courant de commande mesuré lors de la séparation de l'armature mobile par rapport à la culasse fixe.Advantageously, the processing means comprise means for determining a wear level of the fixed and moving contacts from the control current measured during the separation of the moving armature relative to the fixed yoke.
Avantageusement, les moyens de traitement comportent des moyens pour déterminer un courant de commande optimal à appliquer à la bobine de commande pour le maintien l'armature mobile en position de fermeture et comportent des moyens pour déterminer un courant de commande à appliquer à la bobine de commande et permettant de ramener l'armature mobile en position de fermeture après une ouverture intempestive de l'armature mobile.Advantageously, the processing means comprise means for determining an optimum control current to be applied to the control coil for holding the moving armature in the closed position and comprise means for determining a control current to be applied to the coil of control and for bringing the mobile armature back to the closed position after unintentional opening of the mobile armature.
L'appareil électrique interrupteur selon l'invention comporte un actionneur électromagnétique tel que défini ci-dessus et comporte un organe mobile portant au moins un contact mobile apte à se déplacer entre deux états, un état ouvert et un état fermé, par rapport à un contact fixe pour commander un circuit électrique, l'organe mobile étant solidaire de l'armature mobile.The electrical switch device according to the invention comprises an actuator electromagnetic as defined above and comprises a movable member carrying at least one movable contact able to move between two states, an open state and a closed state, with respect to a fixed contact for controlling an electrical circuit, the movable member being attached to the mobile armature.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- les
figures 1A, 1B et 1C illustrent schématiquement le principe de fonctionnement d'un appareil électrique interrupteur de type contacteur, - la
figure 2 montre schématiquement le profil d'effort suivi par l'actionneur d'un appareil électrique interrupteur de type contacteur, - la
figure 3 représente un schéma de principe d'un actionneur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - les
figures 4A et 4B représentent des vues en perspective d'un circuit magnétique d'un actionneur magnétique selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - les
figures 5A et 5B représentent des vues en perspective d'un circuit magnétique d'un actionneur magnétique selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
figures 6A représente une vue en perspective d'un actionneur magnétique en position ouverte et comportant un circuit magnétique en selon lafigure 5A ; - la
figures 6B représente une vue en perspective d'un actionneur magnétique en position fermée et comportant un circuit magnétique en selon lafigure 5A .
- the
FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C schematically illustrate the principle of operation of a switch-type electrical switch device, - the
figure 2 schematically shows the force profile followed by the actuator of a switch-type electrical switch device, - the
figure 3 represents a block diagram of an actuator according to an embodiment of the invention; - the
Figures 4A and 4B are perspective views of a magnetic circuit of a magnetic actuator according to a first embodiment of the invention; - the
Figures 5A and 5B are perspective views of a magnetic circuit of a magnetic actuator according to a second embodiment of the invention; - the
Figures 6A is a perspective view of a magnetic actuator in the open position and having a magnetic circuit according to theFigure 5A ; - the
Figures 6B is a perspective view of a magnetic actuator in the closed position and having a magnetic circuit according to theFigure 5A .
Selon un premier mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur les
Pour des raisons de simplification, les
Sur la
Sur la
Sur la
Selon le niveau d'usure des contacts fixes et mobiles, les ressorts de pôle 5 seront plus ou moins comprimés et l'effort fourni par l'actionneur 1 sera plus ou moins important. En effet, moins les contacts 20, 21 sont usés, plus les ressorts de pôle 5 sont comprimés et donc plus l'effort fourni par l'actionneur 1 pour comprimer ces ressorts doit être important. Par conséquent, il est possible de corréler le niveau d'usure des contacts avec l'effort fourni par l'actionneur pour comprimer les ressorts de pôle 5.Depending on the level of wear of the fixed and moving contacts, the pole springs 5 will be more or less compressed and the force provided by the
La
Selon l'invention, le courant de commande qui est injecté dans la bobine de commande 3 lorsque l'armature mobile 11 se sépare de la culasse fixe 10 est donc représentatif de l'effort minimal fourni par l'actionneur 1 pour maintenir l'armature mobile 11 en position fermée et lutter contre les ressorts de pôle 5. Le courant de commande mesuré à ce moment précis peut donc être traité pour détecter l'usure des contacts ou pour optimiser le fonctionnement de l'appareil.According to the invention, the control current which is injected into the
Selon l'invention, en référence à la
Le procédé de commande peut être mis en oeuvre dans l'appareil électrique pendant une phase d'ouverture normale des contacts ou lors d'une phase de maintien des contacts en position fermée. Dans cette dernière situation, il s'agit d'ouvrir l'actionneur 1 suffisamment puis de le refermer immédiatement avant l'ouverture des contacts. Cette opération pourra par exemple être effectuée plusieurs fois successivement et à intervalles réguliers pour saisir plusieurs valeurs de courant.The control method can be implemented in the electrical apparatus during a normal opening phase of the contacts or during a phase of maintaining the contacts in the closed position. In the latter situation, it is necessary to open the
Selon l'invention, grâce aux moyens définis ci-dessus, il s'agit donc de faire baisser progressivement le courant de commande i(t) injecté dans la bobine 3 alors que l'armature mobile 11 est en position de fermeture et d'envoyer un signal Sig aux moyens de mesure 7 pour mesurer le courant correspondant au moment où l'armature mobile 11 se sépare de la culasse fixe 10. L'effort de l'actionneur 1 contrôlé par le niveau de courant i(t) injecté dans la bobine doit être diminué de façon graduelle et de manière suffisamment rapide pour ne pas perturber le fonctionnement de l'appareil si le procédé est mis en oeuvre lors d'une phase d'ouverture de contacts.According to the invention, thanks to the means defined above, it is therefore a question of progressively lowering the control current i (t) injected into the
Selon l'invention, les moyens 6 pour détecter la séparation de l'armature mobile 11 par rapport à la culasse fixe 10 comportent un circuit électrique de détection composée d'une source d'alimentation S, d'un interrupteur, de moyens de détection 60 de l'ouverture de l'interrupteur et d'envoi d'un signal Sig de commande vers les moyens de mesure 7 du courant lorsque l'interrupteur est ouvert.According to the invention, the
Les moyens de détection 60 de l'ouverture de l'interrupteur peuvent comporter par exemple une résistance et un voltmètre (non représentés) permettant de surveiller la tension aux bornes de la résistance. Lorsque la tension aux bornes de la résistance s'annule, cela signifie que le circuit de détection est ouvert et donc que l'armature mobile 11 se sépare de la culasse fixe 10. A cet instant, le signal de commande Sig est envoyé aux moyens de mesure 7 du courant dans la bobine de commande 3. Le courant mesuré i1 au moment de la réception du signal de commande Sig est ensuite traité par les moyens de traitement 8.The detection means 60 of the opening of the switch may comprise for example a resistor and a voltmeter (not shown) for monitoring the voltage across the resistor. When the voltage across the resistor vanishes, it means that the detection circuit is open and thus the
Selon un mode de développement de l'invention tel que représenté sur les
L'armature mobile 11 est placée en vis-à-vis des secondes extrémités des branches externes 12 et se déplace en translation selon un axe de déplacement Y sensiblement confondu avec l'axe longitudinal de la branche centrale 13 de la culasse magnétique 10 en forme de E.The
La bobine de commande 3 comportant un axe longitudinal Y sensiblement confondu avec celui de la branche centrale de la culasse magnétique 10 en forme de E. En effet, ladite bobine de commande 3 est enroulée sur la branche centrale de la culasse magnétique 10. En outre, un ressort de rappel 4 est positionné entre la culasse magnétique 10 et l'armature mobile 11 pour déplacer l'armature mobile 11 de sa position fermée vers sa position ouverte. En position fermée de l'appareil électrique, l'armature mobile 11 est placée en vis-à-vis de la culasse magnétique 10 de telle manière à relier entre elles les secondes extrémités des branches externes et centrale.The
Dans les configurations représentées sur
La culasse fixe 10 comporte alors deux parties conductrices 10A, 10B respectivement reliée au circuit électrique de détection 6 et séparées l'une de l'autre par un isolant électrique 14. Le contact de l'armature mobile 11 avec la culasse fixe 10 en position fermée créée alors une liaison électrique entre les deux parties conductrices de la culasse fixe 10 et ferme ainsi l'interrupteur.The fixed
Selon un premier mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur la
Selon un second mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur les
Le circuit de détection 6 est connecté directement d'une part à une première partie 10A et d'autre part à une seconde partie 10B culasse fixe 10. Lorsque l'armature mobile 11 est en position de fermeture, le circuit électrique de détection est donc fermé.The
Pour déterminer le niveau d'usure des contacts, le courant i1 qui est mesuré par les moyens de mesure 7 pourra par exemple être comparé par les moyens de traitement 8 à différents seuils prédéterminés enregistrés dans l'appareil pour en déduire un niveau d'usure des contacts ou comparé au courant mesuré lors de l'opération précédente afin de suivre son évolution. Il est également possible de convertir le courant mesuré i1 en pourcentage d'usure et de comparer ce pourcentage avec différents seuils. D'autres modes de traitement peuvent bien entendu être envisagés.To determine the level of wear of the contacts, the current i1 which is measured by the measuring means 7 may for example be compared by the processing means 8 at different predetermined thresholds recorded in the apparatus to deduce a level of wear. contacts or compared to the current measured during the previous operation to follow its evolution. It is also possible to convert the measured current i1 into a percentage of wear and to compare this percentage with different thresholds. Other modes of treatment can of course be considered.
Selon l'invention, grâce à la mesure du courant par les moyens de mesure 7 lors de la séparation de l'armature mobile 11 par rapport à la culasse fixe 10, les moyens de traitement 8 peuvent également déterminer un courant de commande optimal de maintien à appliquer à l'actionneur 1. Habituellement, le courant de maintien appliqué à l'actionneur 1 est choisi suffisamment important pour que l'armature mobile 11 puisse rester en position de fermeture quel que soit le nombre d'additifs optionnels ajouté sur l'appareil, l'intensité des chocs ou vibrations subis par l'appareil ou l'usure de l'appareil. Ce courant est donc très souvent choisi plus important que nécessaire pour pouvoir tenir compte de ces différentes situations. Le courant mesuré i1 lors de la séparation de l'armature mobile 11 par rapport à la culasse fixe 10 peut donc être traité pour réajuster le courant de maintien et déterminer un courant de maintien optimal qui soit adapté à l'environnement et à la configuration de l'appareil. Le courant mesuré lors de la séparation de l'armature mobile 11 est par exemple augmenté d'un pourcentage déterminé permettant de s'assurer qu'il est suffisant pour le maintien de l'armature mobile 11 en position de fermeture dans son environnement et dans sa configuration. La détermination du courant de maintien optimal pourra être effectuée à intervalles réguliers pour tenir compte d'éventuels ajouts d'additifs ou de changement d'environnement. Cette fonctionnalité peut être prévue seule dans l'appareil électrique ou mise en oeuvre en complément de la détection d'usure des contacts. Elle permet notamment d'optimiser la consommation d'énergie de l'appareil en injectant un courant de commande juste nécessaire pour le maintien de l'armature mobile 11 en position de fermeture.According to the invention, by measuring the current by the measuring means 7 during the separation of the moving
L'invention pourra également être employée pour détecter une ouverture non contrôlée de l'armature mobile 11 par rapport à la culasse fixe 10 et réaliser une action en réponse à cette ouverture. L'action en réponse consiste à augmenter le courant de commande dans la bobine 3 afin de ramener l'armature mobile 11 en position fermée. De même cette fonctionnalité peut être prévue seule dans l'appareil électrique ou mise en oeuvre en complément de la détection d'usure des contacts et/ou de la détermination du courant de maintien optimal.The invention may also be used to detect an uncontrolled opening of the
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1001844A FR2959589B1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2010-04-30 | ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH OPTIMIZED OPERATION AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE SWITCH HAVING SUCH ACTUATOR. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2383758A1 true EP2383758A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
EP2383758B1 EP2383758B1 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
Family
ID=43242150
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20110354011 Not-in-force EP2383758B1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-03-31 | Electromagnetic actuator with optimised operation and electric switchgear comprising such an actuator |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2383758B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2390163T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2959589B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111508776A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江城电电气有限公司 | AC contactor |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0694937A2 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-01-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for determining the residual life of contacts in switching devices |
FR2919109A1 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-23 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Mobile part's position e.g. closing position, detecting device for e.g. circuit breaker, has electrical quantity processing units for processing measured electrical quantity so as to determine position of mobile part |
-
2010
- 2010-04-30 FR FR1001844A patent/FR2959589B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-03-31 ES ES11354011T patent/ES2390163T3/en active Active
- 2011-03-31 EP EP20110354011 patent/EP2383758B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0694937A2 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-01-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for determining the residual life of contacts in switching devices |
EP0694937B1 (en) | 1994-07-29 | 2000-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for determining the residual life of contacts in switching devices |
FR2919109A1 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-23 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Mobile part's position e.g. closing position, detecting device for e.g. circuit breaker, has electrical quantity processing units for processing measured electrical quantity so as to determine position of mobile part |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111508776A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江城电电气有限公司 | AC contactor |
CN111508776B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2022-06-24 | 安德利集团有限公司 | AC contactor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2383758B1 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
FR2959589A1 (en) | 2011-11-04 |
FR2959589B1 (en) | 2012-04-20 |
ES2390163T3 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
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