EP2337148A1 - Elektrische Kupplung und Kommunikationsgerät, das mit einer solchen elektrischen Kupplung ausgestattet ist - Google Patents

Elektrische Kupplung und Kommunikationsgerät, das mit einer solchen elektrischen Kupplung ausgestattet ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2337148A1
EP2337148A1 EP10194280A EP10194280A EP2337148A1 EP 2337148 A1 EP2337148 A1 EP 2337148A1 EP 10194280 A EP10194280 A EP 10194280A EP 10194280 A EP10194280 A EP 10194280A EP 2337148 A1 EP2337148 A1 EP 2337148A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outputs
transmission means
coupled
wavelength
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP10194280A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sébastien Pruvost
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STMicroelectronics SA
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STMicroelectronics SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2337148A1 publication Critical patent/EP2337148A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
    • H01P5/225—180° reversed phase hybrid rings

Definitions

  • the invention relates in particular to electrical couplers, in particular communication devices comprising such an electrical coupler.
  • the electrical couplers are components having three ports or ports, namely an input and two outputs, in which a signal applied to the input sees its power divided by two and restored to the two outputs.
  • an electrical coupler may also comprise two inputs and an output, in which case the powers of the two input signals are combined at the output of the coupler.
  • the hybrid coupler whose accesses are configured in such a way that the output signals are quadrature with respect to their phase relation, that is to say that the two output signals are mutually out of phase with each other, can be mentioned. 90 °.
  • an electrical coupler for providing at least two pairs of output signals, the two output signals of a pair being signals in phase opposition or substantially out of phase (to take account of technological inaccuracies embodiment), and thus forming a differential output signal, the two differential signals each having substantially the same power, and being further out of phase with each other.
  • a device comprising a first input configured to receive a first input signal of a given wavelength, a plurality of distinct pairs of outputs, the two outputs of each pair of outputs being configured to output a signal of differential output, and an electrically conductive transmission means forming a closed circuit and coupled between the first input and the outputs.
  • At least one length of the portion of the transmission means coupled between two outputs of a pair of outputs is substantially equal to an even multiple of a quarter of said wavelength, the lengths of the portions of the transmission means which couple two homologous outputs of two pairs of outputs being substantially equal (to take account of technological inaccuracies of realization), and at least a length of the portion of the transmission means coupled between the first input and the output closest to said first input is substantially equal to a quarter of said wavelength.
  • a single electrical coupler capable of delivering at least two differential output signals out of phase with each other.
  • the device comprises only two distinct pairs of outputs.
  • the coupler thus provides two mutually out of phase differential signals.
  • the device may further comprise a second input configured to receive a second input signal in phase opposition with the first input signal, and coupled to the transmission means such that at least one length of the portion the transmission means coupled between the two inputs is substantially equal to an even multiple of a quarter of said wavelength.
  • This pair of inputs makes it possible to provide a differential input signal to the coupler and thus increase the power of the differential output signals.
  • the lengths of the portions of the transmission means coupled between two homologous outputs of two pairs of outputs are substantially equal to a quarter of said wavelength.
  • a coupler which delivers two differential output signals, i.e. mutually in phase opposition or substantially in phase opposition, and wherein the differential signals are in quadrature with respect to their phase relationship.
  • This coupler which delivers two differential signals in quadrature phase is particularly suitable for use in a signal processing chain integrated in a wireless communication device.
  • this coupler may be coupled between a phase-locked loop (PLL) and two mixers of such a processing chain so as to perform, for example, frequency transpositions on the I and Q channels which are in phase quadrature. .
  • PLL phase-locked loop
  • the device may comprise at least one resistive load coupled to the transmission means such that the length of the portion of the means of transmission coupled between at least one output and said load is substantially equal to a quarter of said wavelength.
  • This resistive load makes it possible to absorb harmful signals corresponding to the reflections of input and output signals that appear within the transmission means. Indeed, the inaccuracy of the lengths of the portions of the transmission means generates reflection signals in the transmission means which disturb the output signals and also the input signals.
  • this resistive load makes it possible to ensure improved operation of the coupler regardless of the impedance variations of the outputs, or the different lengths of the transmission means.
  • the device can be realized in integrated form within an integrated circuit.
  • the transmission means comprises metal tracks extending over at least one metallization level of the integrated circuit.
  • a wireless communication apparatus comprising a device as defined above.
  • the electrical coupler 1 comprises a first input 2 configured to receive a first input signal S1 of given wavelength ⁇ .
  • the coupler 1 further comprises a plurality of output pairs, the outputs of each pair of outputs being configured to respectively output two output signals forming a differential signal.
  • the electrical coupler 1 also comprises an electrically conductive transmission means 3 coupled between the first input 2 and the outputs of each pair of outputs.
  • This transmission means 3 for example a metal line, forms a closed circuit thus making it possible to establish a stationary regime for the signals that travel through the entire closed circuit 3.
  • the coupler 1 may further comprise a second input 4 coupled to the transmission means 3 and configured to receive a second input signal S2.
  • the two input signals S1 and S2 are in phase opposition and form a differential input signal.
  • This second input 4 makes it possible, for example, to add a second signal in the transmission means 3 in order to increase the power of the output signals.
  • the second input 4 is configured to receive a second input signal having a wavelength different from that of the first input signal S1.
  • the second input signal has a power different from or equal to that of the first input signal.
  • the coupler 1 may also comprise at least one resistive load 5 in order to absorb the reflections of the input and output signals in the transmission means 3.
  • the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between the first input 2 and the output closest to said first input 2 is substantially equal to a quarter of the given wavelength ⁇
  • the lengths of the portions of the transmission means 3 which couple two homologous outputs 61,71 of two pairs of outputs 6,7 are substantially equal. So, a steady state is established in the transmission means 3 and the coupler can deliver a plurality of differential signals.
  • the general principle of the electrical coupler is that when a signal travels a portion length of the transmission means 3 substantially equal to a multiple of a quarter of the wavelength of the input signal, this signal is out of phase by an angle ⁇ substantially equal to a multiple of 90 ° with respect to the phase of the input signal.
  • the transmission means 3 form a closed circuit for a steady state to be established within the circuit.
  • This stationary regime implies that when two outputs of a pair of outputs are coupled by a portion length of the transmission means 3 substantially equal to an even multiple of a quarter of the wavelength of the input signal, these output signals are out of phase with each other by an angle ⁇ substantially equal to a multiple of 180 °, it is said that these signals are in phase opposition.
  • These two output signals form a differential output signal.
  • the coupler 1 comprises two output pairs 6,7 formed respectively of the two outputs 61,62 and 71,72.
  • the lengths of the portions of the transmission means 3 coupled between the two outputs 61,62 of the first pair 6 of outputs are substantially equal to the given wavelength ⁇ .
  • the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between the second output 62 of the first pair 6 and the first input S1 is equal to three quarters of the wavelength.
  • the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between the two outputs 71,72 of the second pair 7 of outputs is substantially equal to half the given wavelength ⁇ .
  • the output signals S71, S72 respectively delivered by the outputs 71, 72 of the second pair 7 of outputs are also in phase opposition and form a second differential output signal.
  • the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between the homologous outputs 61,71 of the two output pairs 6,7 is substantially equal to one quarter of the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the differential output signals delivered by the output pairs 6, 7 are in phase quadrature.
  • the resistive load 5 is coupled to the first input 2, by a portion length of the transmission means substantially equal to three quarters of the wavelength ⁇ , and is located between the two outputs 71,72 of the second pair 7 outings.
  • the second input 4 is also coupled to the first input 2, by a portion length of the transmission means substantially equal to half the wavelength ⁇ , and is located between the first input 2 and the output 62 the most away from the first input 2 belonging to the first pair 6 outputs.
  • the coupler may or may not include this second input 4 which is optional.
  • FIG. 2 On the figure 2 a second embodiment of an electric coupler 1 is shown diagrammatically, in which some reference signs described in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the coupler 1 makes it possible to deliver two differential output signals which are mutually in phase. These two differential output signals are delivered respectively by the two output pairs 6.7.
  • the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between the two outputs 61,62 of the first pair of outputs 6 is substantially equal to half of the given wavelength ⁇ .
  • the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between the two outputs 71,72 of the second pair 7 of outputs is substantially equal to half the given wavelength ⁇ .
  • the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between the homologous outputs 61,71 of the two output pairs 6,7 is substantially equal to the given wavelength ⁇ .
  • the resistive load 5 is coupled to the first input 2 by a portion length of the transmission means 3 substantially equal to half the wavelength ⁇ , and is situated between the two outputs 61, 62 of the first pair 6 of outputs.
  • a second resistive load 8 is also coupled to the first input 2, by a portion length of the transmission means 3 substantially equal to half the wavelength ⁇ , and is situated between the two outputs 71, 72 of the second pair 7 outlets.
  • the second input 4 is, in turn, coupled to the first input 2, by a portion length of the transmission means substantially equal to the wavelength ⁇ .
  • FIG. 3 a third embodiment of an electrical coupler 1 is shown diagrammatically, in which some reference signs described in FIG. figure 1 .
  • This third embodiment is a variant of the first embodiment.
  • the coupler 1 makes it possible to provide two differential output signals, which are respectively delivered by the two pairs 6, 7 of outputs, and which are phase-shifted between them by an angle ⁇ which is between 0 ° and 360 °.
  • the lengths of the portions of the transmission means 3 which couple the respective outputs of each pair of outputs are constant and are substantially equal to an even multiple of a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the output signals within a pair of outputs are always out of phase.
  • This variation in length is effected so that the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 which couples the first two homologous outputs 62,72 of the two pairs 6,7 is equal to the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 which couples the two second homologous outputs 62,72 of the two pairs 6,7.
  • the lengths of the portions of the transmission means 3 which respectively couple the first and second homologous outputs 61, 71 and 62, 72 may vary. We have shown on the figure 3 these portion lengths of the transmission means which are equal to ⁇ / 4 + L, with L being a real number.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a fourth embodiment of a coupler 1 which comprises four output pairs 6,7,9,10. This figure also shows some elements previously described in the previous figures.
  • the third and fourth output pairs 9, 10 respectively comprise two outputs 91, 92 and 101, 102.
  • the outputs of each pair of outputs are coupled together by a portion length of the transmission means 3 substantially equal to 3 ⁇ / 2.
  • the homologous outputs of the first two output pairs 6.7 are coupled together by a portion length of the transmission means 3 being substantially equal to one quarter of the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the homologous outputs of the two second pairs of outputs 9, 10 are coupled together by a portion length of the transmission means 3 being substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ .
  • differential output signals are obtained which are in phase quadrature with each other.
  • the coupler 1 is made in integrated form and comprises a transmission means 3 having a coil shape extending over at least one metallization level of the integrated circuit.
  • the coupler extending on a single level of metallization, however, it may include a transmission means extending over several levels of metallization via contacts commonly called vias or "vias hole" According to the Anglo-Saxon name well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the coupler 1 has an axis of symmetry A passing through the resistive load 5.
  • the coupler 1 has no axis of symmetry.
  • the curves C1 to C4 respectively represent the signals S61, S71, S62 and S72, delivered by the outputs 61, 71 and 62, 72 of the coupler 1.
  • Figures 7 and 8 amplitudes (in millivolts) as a function of time (in picoseconds). It will also be noted that the amplitudes of the curves C1 to C4, and consequently the powers of the corresponding signals, are not identical.
  • the differential output signal P1 is output from the first output pair 6 and results from the difference between the output signals S61, S62.
  • the differential output signal P2 is delivered by the second pair 7 of outputs and results from the difference between the output signals S71, S72.
  • the differential output signals P1, P2 have substantially the same power and are out of phase with each other by an angle ⁇ substantially equal to 90 °.
  • the differential output signals P10, P20 of the electric coupler as described in FIG. figure 3 We have shown on the figure 9 , the amplitudes (in millivolts) as a function of time (in picoseconds).
  • the differential output signal P10 delivered by the first pair of outputs 6 results from the difference between the output signals S61, S62.
  • the differential output signal P20 delivered by the second pair 7 of outputs results from the difference between the output signals S71, S72.
  • the differential output signals P10, P20 do not have substantially the same power and are out of phase with each other by an angle ⁇ , for example substantially equal to 76 °, corresponding to the phase shift induced by the lengths of the portions of the transmission means 3 which respectively couple the first and second homologous outputs 61,71 and 62,72, which are equal to each other and for example less than ⁇ / 4.
  • figure 10 a wireless communication apparatus 20 is shown schematically.
  • This wireless communication apparatus 20 includes an antenna 21 for transmitting and receiving communication signals with a remote base station.
  • This apparatus conventionally comprises an RXCH reception chain and a transmission chain, not shown here for simplification purposes.
  • the reception channel RXCH comprises an analog part including in particular a low noise amplifier LNA connected to two mixers MX1 and MX2 intended to carry out a frequency transposition, for example in baseband, with a local oscillator signal delivered by a loop. PLL phase lock.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • a coupler 1 of the type described above delivers to the two mixers MX1 and MX2 the differential oscillator signal and the differential oscillator signal phase-shifted by 90 °.
  • signals are obtained on channel I and signals on channel Q mutually in phase quadrature.
  • the coupler which has just been described can also be used in "reverse", that is to say that the previously described inputs correspond to outputs and the previously described outputs correspond to inputs.
  • the figures described above also serve as a basis for the detailed description of an "inverse" coupler, the inputs being outputs and vice versa.
  • the reference S1 now designates an output signal
  • the reference 6 designates an input pair configured to receive a differential input signal, the direction of the arrows being inverted in this case.
  • a device comprising several distinct pairs of inputs configured to receive respectively several differential input signals having the same wavelength, a first output 2 configured to transmit a first output signal S1 , and an electrically conductive transmission means 3 forming a closed circuit and coupled between the first output 2 and the inputs.
  • At least one length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between two inputs of a pair of inputs being substantially equal to an even multiple of a quarter of said wavelength
  • the lengths of the portions of the means of transmission 3 which couples two homologous inputs 61,71 of two pairs of inputs 6,7 being substantially equal
  • at least one length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between the first output 2 and the input closest to said first output being substantially equal to a quarter of said wavelength.
  • This coupler thus makes it possible to combine the powers of several input signals in order to deliver a resultant output signal having an increased power with respect to that of an input signal.
  • the number of distinct pairs 6,7 of entries 61,62,71,72 is equal to two.
  • the device may comprise a second output 4, configured to emit a second output signal S2 in phase opposition with the first output signal S1, and coupled to the transmission means 3 so that at least one length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between the two outputs 2.4 is substantially equal to an even multiple of a quarter of said wavelength.
  • the lengths of the portions of the transmission means 3 coupled between two homologous inputs 61,71 of two pairs of inputs 6,7 are substantially equal to a quarter of said wavelength.
  • the device may comprise at least one resistive load 5 coupled to the transmission means 3 so that the length of the portion of the transmission means 3 coupled between at least one input and said load 5 is substantially equal. at a quarter of said wavelength.

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EP10194280A 2009-12-15 2010-12-09 Elektrische Kupplung und Kommunikationsgerät, das mit einer solchen elektrischen Kupplung ausgestattet ist Withdrawn EP2337148A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0958988A FR2954004B1 (fr) 2009-12-15 2009-12-15 Coupleur electrique et appareil de communication comportant un tel coupleur electrique

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EP2337148A1 true EP2337148A1 (de) 2011-06-22

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US (1) US20110140802A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2337148A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2954004B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10476119B2 (en) 2017-04-07 2019-11-12 Honeywell International Inc. Low dispersion phase shifter based on modified hybrid ring power divider
US11437698B2 (en) * 2017-06-05 2022-09-06 L3Harris Technologies, Inc. N-way ring combiner/divider
DE102019100128A1 (de) * 2019-01-04 2020-07-09 Infineon Technologies Ag Vorichtung und verfahren zum senden eines hf-signals
JP7253722B2 (ja) * 2019-07-17 2023-04-07 学校法人上智学院 ４相電力分配器及び電子機器

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2789271A (en) * 1948-10-05 1957-04-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Hybrid ring coupling arrangement
GB899568A (en) * 1960-01-22 1962-06-27 Nippon Electric Co A parallel pushpull hybrid circuit
FR2531273A1 (fr) * 1982-07-30 1984-02-03 Thomson Csf Anneau hybride hyperfrequence
US5789996A (en) * 1997-04-02 1998-08-04 Harris Corporation N-way RF power combiner/divider
US20070103253A1 (en) * 2005-11-07 2007-05-10 Tdk Corporation 180 Degrees hybrid coupler

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3189848A (en) * 1960-01-22 1965-06-15 Nippon Electric Co Parallel pushpull hybrid circuit
US3956706A (en) * 1975-02-03 1976-05-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Miniaturized millimeter wave instantaneous frequency discriminator
US5175517A (en) * 1990-02-05 1992-12-29 Motorola, Inc. Lumped element realization of ring hybrids including π circuit and tank circuit means
US5883552A (en) * 1997-11-04 1999-03-16 Hughes Electronics Corporation Microwave power divider/combiner structures
US6118353A (en) * 1999-02-17 2000-09-12 Hughes Electronics Corporation Microwave power divider/combiner having compact structure and flat coupling

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2789271A (en) * 1948-10-05 1957-04-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Hybrid ring coupling arrangement
GB899568A (en) * 1960-01-22 1962-06-27 Nippon Electric Co A parallel pushpull hybrid circuit
FR2531273A1 (fr) * 1982-07-30 1984-02-03 Thomson Csf Anneau hybride hyperfrequence
US5789996A (en) * 1997-04-02 1998-08-04 Harris Corporation N-way RF power combiner/divider
US20070103253A1 (en) * 2005-11-07 2007-05-10 Tdk Corporation 180 Degrees hybrid coupler

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FR2954004B1 (fr) 2012-05-25
FR2954004A1 (fr) 2011-06-17
US20110140802A1 (en) 2011-06-16

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