EP2336534A1 - Verfahren und System zur injektorindividiuellen Anpassung der Einspritzzeit von Kraftfahrzeugen - Google Patents

Verfahren und System zur injektorindividiuellen Anpassung der Einspritzzeit von Kraftfahrzeugen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2336534A1
EP2336534A1 EP09180036A EP09180036A EP2336534A1 EP 2336534 A1 EP2336534 A1 EP 2336534A1 EP 09180036 A EP09180036 A EP 09180036A EP 09180036 A EP09180036 A EP 09180036A EP 2336534 A1 EP2336534 A1 EP 2336534A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel injector
injector
parameters
engine
coefficients
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09180036A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Gautier
Didier Gautier
Abdelhamid Bouaita
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Delphi Technologies Inc
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Delphi Technologies Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Technologies Inc filed Critical Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority to EP09180036A priority Critical patent/EP2336534A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2010/069539 priority patent/WO2011073147A1/en
Publication of EP2336534A1 publication Critical patent/EP2336534A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2409—Addressing techniques specially adapted therefor
    • F02D41/2412—One-parameter addressing technique
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2432—Methods of calibration
    • F02D41/2435—Methods of calibration characterised by the writing medium, e.g. bar code
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
    • F02D41/2467—Characteristics of actuators for injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2409—Addressing techniques specially adapted therefor
    • F02D41/2416—Interpolation techniques
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
    • F02M2200/8007—Storing data on fuel injection apparatus, e.g. by printing, by using bar codes or EPROMs

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to fuel injection systems for combustion engines, and more particularly to a method and system for installing fuel injector parameters that are specific to a particular fuel injector in an engine controller when installing a fuel injector.
  • a proper operation of a fuel-injected engine requires that the fuel injectors and their controller allow for a timely, precise and reliable fuel injection. Indeed, it is well known that problems arise when the performance, or more particularly the timing, and the quantity of fuel delivered by the injectors diverge beyond acceptable limits. For example, injector performance deviation or variability will cause different torques to be generated between cylinders due to unequal fuel amounts being injected, or from the relative timing of such fuel injection.
  • Such method for fuel injector parameters installation is e.g. described in US 7,136,743 .
  • Stored in the engine ECU is a third-order polynomial for each fuel injector.
  • Injectors to be installed in the engine have been previously flow tested, e.g. on their production site.
  • injector specific coefficients for the characteristic third-order polynomial were determined from the test data and encoded in a bar code packaged with or applied on the injector.
  • the injector is assembled in the engine and a transfer device comprising a bar code reader is used to retrieve the injector specific coefficients and to transfer them into the ECU. In the ECU, these coefficients are thus used as coefficients of the characteristic third-order polynomial for injection control in the cylinder in which this specific injector is mounted.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for installing fuel injector specific parameters in an engine.
  • the present invention relies on a different characterization of injector flow performances, which involves splitting an injector performance curve into several segments, each corresponding to a respective range of pulse width. Through this segmentation, complex curves can be split into curves that can be characterized by less complex equations, for example polynomials of lower order.
  • a master performance curve (fuel flow vs. pulse width) that is representative of the performance of a population of injectors is built based on experimentation.
  • This master curve is then split into segments and an equation fitting the master curve within each segment is determined.
  • the customization of the injection control is achieved by associating with each fuel injector to be mounted in the engine a set of parameters specific to this fuel injector in a machine readable format, wherein the set of parameters comprise fitting information for each segment .
  • These parameters are determined from performance data obtained by flow testing. Flow tests can be carried out individually for each injector or in a statistical manner for groups of fuel injectors (e.g. a group of fuel injectors is selected, one injector is flow tested and the performance data are used for every injector in the group).
  • the associated parameters specific to the fuel injector are retrieved and transferred to the ECU, so that the injector specific information can be used for injection control.
  • the present method is of particular interest for modern fuel injectors, which despite their advanced technology, do not provide easily predictable operating characteristics. Indeed, while varying the pulse width of a control signal may be used to vary the amount of fuel that an injector delivers to a cylinder (referred to as fuel flow or flow rate), a performance curve of such injector cannot be accurately defined by a second-order polynomial and requires a more complex mathematical analysis and definition in order to characterize the flow performance over the full operating range.
  • an operational performance curve may be built based on the stored set of equations and these parameters.
  • each segment of the master performance curve is initially fitted by a polynomial, and the injector specific information transferred and stored into the ECU reflect polynomials of same order.
  • the determination of specific fuel injector parameters based on the obtained performance data preferably implies determining for each segment a set of injector specific coefficients of a polynomial of same order that fits the test performance data.
  • an operational performance curve is built based on the master performance curve, previously stored in the ECU, but corrected by the segment specific polynomials with corresponding differential coefficients, wherein the differential coefficients are calculated as the difference between the master coefficients of a segment (i.e. the coefficients of the polynomial fitting a segment of the master performance curve) and the coefficients of a polynomial of same order fitting the injector test performance data.
  • the differential coefficients may be calculated in the ECU, however they are preferably calculated at the injector production site and the differential coefficients are comprised in the parameters associated with each fuel injector for delivery at the engine assembly site.
  • the injector specific parameters are advantageously encoded into optically readable indicia, such as a bar code, e.g. a multi-dimensional bar code.
  • the bar code may be disposed on a tag applied to the injector or loosely packaged therewith. Retrieval of the parameters can thus be easily carried out by means of a transfer device with bar code scanner capable of decoding the bar code indicia and of transferring the coefficients to the ECU. Communication between the transfer system and the ECU may use a wired connection or be wireless. Any other appropriate way of associating injector specific performance parameters to an injector may be used, provided it can be retrieved by a machine.
  • a transportable computer readable medium such as a non-volatile memory (such as an EEPROM) or disk with the injector specific performance parameters stored therein can be packaged with the fuel injector.
  • the transfer of the injector parameter to the ECU belongs to the installation procedure of the injector in the engine.
  • the transfer of the parameters may occur before, during or after the actual mounting of the injector in the engine. What matters is that injectors are delivered at the assembly site with injector specific parameters readily accessible and transferable to the ECU so that these parameters can be attributed to the injector of a given cylinder and used for its control.
  • the specific parameters associated with a particular fuel injector may also comprise a serial number, injector-type and/or other information related to the production of the injector. These parameters may be used for further control in the ECU, as desired.
  • the injector control system in order to be able to take into account injector specific parameters at the time of assembly in an engine, the injector control system must be designed as a coherent system, which means that engine programming (in the ECU) will be designed accordingly.
  • Fig.1 illustrates a master performance curve, i.e. graph of fuel flow vs. pulse width, representative of a fuel injector population, typically injectors produced in accordance with a same manufacturing technology (same construction).
  • the master performance curve is preferably statistically representative of the injector population and has been obtained by detailed flow test of injectors over the full range of pulse widths.
  • the shape of the master performance curve is rather complex and can only be globally described by an equation comprising at least a third-order polynomial, and typically higher.
  • Such flow behavior has become common nowadays, especially with advanced fuel injectors.
  • One aspect of the present method comprises the step of splitting of the master curve into several segments. This is preferably done by identifying curve segments that can be fitted with low-order polynomials, preferably not greater than second-order polynomials.
  • the mathematical fitting methods may use a conventional "root min square" optimization criteria.
  • Fig.1 The result of the segmentation step of the master performance curve can be better seen in Fig.1 , where thick lines P1 to P4 indicate four curves fitting each a respective segment S1..S4 of the master curve 10, i.e. portions of the curve (flow values) corresponding to a respective, distinct range of pulse widths (the segments do not overlap).
  • the first three segments S1 to S3 are considered to be satisfactorily fitted with a second-order polynomial while the last segment S4 is fitted by a first order polynomial.
  • segments do preferably not overlap to minimize fitting errors.
  • Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the segmentation (variable x being the pulse width).
  • the coefficients a 0_1 a 1_1 and a 2_1 of the polynomials characterizing the master curve 10 are called master coefficients.
  • the ECU is programmed accordingly.
  • the master curve is stored in the ECU.
  • Segment information is also stored in the ECU: for each segment, the corresponding pulse width range is indicated, as well as the equation that characterizes the master curve segment. Initially, the equations may be stored in the ECU with the master coefficients.
  • the fuel injector specific parameters are derived from flow tests for each injector or for a sub-group of injectors.
  • each injector is flow tested in each segment, taking a number of test points sufficient to determine the coefficients of a polynomial fitting the performance data and being of the same order as the polynomial describing the master curve.
  • Table 2 indicates for each segment the pulse width range, the equation with the coefficients and the minimum number of test points per segment.
  • Fig.2 shows for the second and third segments S2 and S3 the characteristic polynomials, where bold line Pi indicate the curve corresponding to the equation fitting the master curve and bold line Pi' indicates the curve corresponding to the equation fitting the flow test points.
  • injector specific coefficients b 1_1 could directly be used in the ECU to control the injection. However, since their determination is based on a reduced number of experimental points, another approach is preferred.
  • an operational performance curve is rebuilt in the ECU based on the master performance curve, stored therein, the latter curve being corrected to take into account the injector specific coefficients.
  • the master curve is in fact corrected by taking into account the deviation of the injector equation from the equation fitting the master curve.
  • Fig.3 there is shown the reconstructed operational curve, indicated 12, for the second segment S2 and the third segment S3.
  • the master performance curve may be stored in the ECU as a two-dimensional table comprising a predetermined number of pulse width values and fueling values, and this for each required injector.
  • the operational performance curve is then also a two-dimensional table with same pulse width values, but for each pulse width value, a fueling value is computed by adding the fueling value of the master curve to a computed value of equation A 0 +A 1 x+A 2x 2 .
  • the resulting operational performance curve may then be used by in a conventional way by the ECU, i.e. the ECU may look up for a pulse width value corresponding to a desired fuel quantity, as determined for a given load request.
  • the table look up procedure can use interpolation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
EP09180036A 2009-12-18 2009-12-18 Verfahren und System zur injektorindividiuellen Anpassung der Einspritzzeit von Kraftfahrzeugen Withdrawn EP2336534A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09180036A EP2336534A1 (de) 2009-12-18 2009-12-18 Verfahren und System zur injektorindividiuellen Anpassung der Einspritzzeit von Kraftfahrzeugen
PCT/EP2010/069539 WO2011073147A1 (en) 2009-12-18 2010-12-13 Method and system for installation of fuel injectors specific parameters

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09180036A EP2336534A1 (de) 2009-12-18 2009-12-18 Verfahren und System zur injektorindividiuellen Anpassung der Einspritzzeit von Kraftfahrzeugen

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EP2336534A1 true EP2336534A1 (de) 2011-06-22

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EP09180036A Withdrawn EP2336534A1 (de) 2009-12-18 2009-12-18 Verfahren und System zur injektorindividiuellen Anpassung der Einspritzzeit von Kraftfahrzeugen

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2706216A1 (de) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-12 Delphi Technologies Holding S.à.r.l. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Eigenschaften eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils
WO2015058869A1 (de) * 2013-10-21 2015-04-30 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum betreiben eines verbrennungsmotors
EP2923057A4 (de) * 2012-11-21 2016-07-20 Westport Power Inc Kalibrieren und trimmen eines kraftstoffinjektors

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2650518A1 (de) 2012-04-12 2013-10-16 Delphi Automotive Systems Luxembourg SA Verfahren zum Steuern einer Einspritzzeit eines Kraftstoffeinspritzers
EP2685074B1 (de) 2012-07-13 2018-04-18 Delphi Automotive Systems Luxembourg SA Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung in einem Verbrennungsmotor
EP2725215A1 (de) 2012-10-23 2014-04-30 Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.à r.l. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0771942A1 (de) * 1995-10-30 1997-05-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Vorrichtung zur elektronischen Steuerung der Brennkraftmaschine in Kraftfahrzeugen mit einem Einspritzventil
WO2002044543A2 (en) * 2000-11-28 2002-06-06 Bombardier Motor Corporation Of America Method and apparatus for identifying parameters of an engine for assembly and programming
EP1526267A2 (de) * 2003-10-21 2005-04-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Driftkompensation eines Injektors für die direkte Kraftstoffeinspritzung in einen Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie Vorrichtung
DE102004053266A1 (de) * 2004-11-04 2006-05-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Korrigieren des Einspritzverhaltens eines Injektors
EP1691067A2 (de) * 2005-02-14 2006-08-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Elektromagnetischer Aktor, Kraftstoffeinspritzventil und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen
DE102006009920A1 (de) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bestimmung zylinderindividueller Korrekturwerte der Einspritzmenge einer Brennkraftmaschine

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0771942A1 (de) * 1995-10-30 1997-05-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Vorrichtung zur elektronischen Steuerung der Brennkraftmaschine in Kraftfahrzeugen mit einem Einspritzventil
WO2002044543A2 (en) * 2000-11-28 2002-06-06 Bombardier Motor Corporation Of America Method and apparatus for identifying parameters of an engine for assembly and programming
US7136743B2 (en) 2000-11-28 2006-11-14 Brp Us Inc. Method and apparatus for identifying parameters of an engine component for assembly and programming
EP1526267A2 (de) * 2003-10-21 2005-04-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Driftkompensation eines Injektors für die direkte Kraftstoffeinspritzung in einen Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie Vorrichtung
DE102004053266A1 (de) * 2004-11-04 2006-05-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Korrigieren des Einspritzverhaltens eines Injektors
EP1691067A2 (de) * 2005-02-14 2006-08-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Elektromagnetischer Aktor, Kraftstoffeinspritzventil und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen
DE102006009920A1 (de) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bestimmung zylinderindividueller Korrekturwerte der Einspritzmenge einer Brennkraftmaschine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2706216A1 (de) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-12 Delphi Technologies Holding S.à.r.l. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Eigenschaften eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils
EP2923057A4 (de) * 2012-11-21 2016-07-20 Westport Power Inc Kalibrieren und trimmen eines kraftstoffinjektors
US9670862B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2017-06-06 Westport Power Inc. Fuel injector calibration and trimming
WO2015058869A1 (de) * 2013-10-21 2015-04-30 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum betreiben eines verbrennungsmotors
CN105658938A (zh) * 2013-10-21 2016-06-08 大众汽车有限公司 用于运行内燃机的方法

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