EP2186575B1 - Device for separating a bulk mixture in a fluid medium - Google Patents

Device for separating a bulk mixture in a fluid medium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2186575B1
EP2186575B1 EP07834954.5A EP07834954A EP2186575B1 EP 2186575 B1 EP2186575 B1 EP 2186575B1 EP 07834954 A EP07834954 A EP 07834954A EP 2186575 B1 EP2186575 B1 EP 2186575B1
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Prior art keywords
separation chamber
fractions
embodied
air
bulk material
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EP07834954.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2186575A4 (en
EP2186575A1 (en
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Vladimir Mitrofanovich Kosilov
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to plants for the sorting of solid bulk materials by means of air streams. More particularly, the invention relates to automated equipment for cleaning grain, cereals, cereals, vegetables and grasses. It can be used in breeding stations, seed factories, farms, grain storage facilities, flour production and compound feed production.
  • Each of these devices includes a hopper, a separation chamber, an airflow nozzle connected to a pressure fan, and reservoirs for finished fractions (see copyright certificate SU 1479141 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 15.05.1989, Pat. RU 2130816 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 27.05.1999, Pat. RU 2132754 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published 10.07.1999, or Pat. RU 2132755 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 10.07.1999).
  • a common shortcoming of said facilities is the lack of ascending air flow, which flows counter to the bulk material to be separated. Thereby, the effective time of remaining the bulk material in the separation chamber is shortened, and the separation conditions are deteriorated. This leads to unfounded increases in the outer dimensions of the separation chamber and the entire device.
  • a device for the air classification of disperse materials consists of a compressed air space, a feed assembly to throw the disperse materials into the compressed air space longitudinally, sump for wind sifting products, which are arranged in the lower part of the compressed air space successively from the feed assembly, a system for controllably supplying the vertically rising air streams in the compressed air space, and a suction system.
  • the system for the controllable supply of the vertical air streams into the compressed air space in the form of slot nozzles is provided by a gradual damping of the speed of the disperse materials to be injected along the compressed air space formed, which are mounted across the compressed air space between the collecting containers for the air classification products.
  • the device is preferably provided with an extra slot nozzle, which is rotatably arranged on the end face of the compressed air space with respect to the feed assembly of the disperse materials.
  • a bulk solids separator including a bunker with a baffle, a separation chamber, a blower and air ducts.
  • the separation chamber of this separator has an air-tight system of air connections at the bottom.
  • the air connections enter the interior of the separation chamber.
  • the air connections are equipped with spouts and valves for speed adjustment of the air counterflow.
  • the air connections are connected to each other by means of airtight, conical collecting containers.
  • the collection containers catch the fractions of the separable material, s. Pat. RU 2262994 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 27.10.2005.
  • the air connections are arranged between these conical collecting containers.
  • the ascending air countercurrent flow from the air connections can ensure the final fine separation of the particles of bulk material, immediately before they enter the sump devices.
  • this is a forced current. This is because a complicated current control system has to be used. This causes accordingly additional energy and labor costs.
  • the known device for separating the mixed bulk material in the flowable medium contains a bunker and a vibrating trough, a jet generator with flat nozzles of various sizes, collecting container for finished fractions and Nachfr forcingen.
  • the flat nozzles are logically grown downstream with enlargement of the changing step, the acute setting angle and the nozzle size.
  • the collection containers are arranged under the nozzles.
  • the collecting containers for the Nachfr syndromeen are connected via a transport device with the bunker.
  • the beam generator is designed in this device as a high-frequency generator. At least ten nozzles are provided with walls which serve as guide channels, the length of which increases in the downward direction. In the generator three screens before the nozzles are logically installed.
  • the number of collecting containers for finished fractions is two higher than that for the post-fractions of the separable Guts.
  • Two collection containers for finished fractions are built side by side at the end of the stream, s. Pat. RU 2270061 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 20.02.2006.
  • This device makes it possible to increase the quality of the separable material, to shorten the separation time, to increase the efficiency and to reduce the metal expenditure and the dimensions of the device. This is done thanks to the optimization of the aerodynamic loading of the particles of the starting product and thanks to ensuring the exact distribution of the separable material over the intake fractions depending on weight and shape.
  • This known technical solution was considered a prototype. It is particularly close to its technical nature, the achievable result and the totality of the essential features according to the notified institution.
  • the deficiency of the prototype is the predominantly lateral orientation of the air flow of the jet generator with respect to the direction of movement of the separable Guts.
  • the effective time of residence of the particles of the flowable separable material in the separation chamber is determined by the height of the separation chamber and the free-fall velocity of the particles.
  • the separation chamber In order for the particles of separable bulk material to remain in the separation chamber until complete separation is achieved, the separation chamber must be very high. Consequently, the increased cross section of the jet generator's flat nozzles and the energy intensity of the jet generator must also be quite large.
  • the structural features of the separation chamber and the prototype beam generator enhance the turbulence of the separating airflow. This significantly reduces the quality and effectiveness of processing the separable good. This forces them to select the insufficiently treated intermediate fractions, take them from production, and redirect them to repeated separation.
  • the aforementioned shortcomings of the prototype limit its application possibilities. Thus, the prototype can not be used for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the present invention is directed to a technical result which is to increase the effective time of residence of the particles of the separable bulk material in the separation chamber and to reduce the turbulence level of the separating air flow.
  • the high quality of workmanship of the separable good and other positive features of the prototype must be preserved.
  • the technical result mentioned makes it possible to extend the field of application and to increase the efficiency in the use of the device, because the bulk goods can be processed with different mechanical properties.
  • the device for separating the mixed bulk material in the flowable medium comprises means for filling and conveying the mixed bulk material, a jet generator arranged thereunder with nozzles and with an air blower, a separation chamber and a collecting container for finished fractions and secondary fractions.
  • This device is distinguished from the prototype in that it is equipped with at least one Dunstromabweiser and means for forming an ascending air flow.
  • the Heilstromabweiser is designed as a convex surface, which is arranged on the rear wall of the separation chamber.
  • the ascending airflow forming means comprises a plurality of ejection outlets (ejection outlets) for passing the outside air.
  • the ejection openings are in the bottom of the separation chamber arranged between some collection bins for fractions.
  • the convex surface of the Heilstromabweisers is preferably formed wave-shaped.
  • the length of the separation chamber of 1.3 to 1.5 of the height of the separation chamber and the width of the separation chamber of 2.1 to 2.3 of the height of the separation chamber is optimal.
  • the ejection openings are formed in the form of a slot.
  • the slot width is 0.02-0.03 of the separation chamber height.
  • the ejection openings may be formed in the form of a plurality of rows arranged holes.
  • the holes are arranged with a change step.
  • the holes can also be executed at right angles.
  • the formation of the ascending air flow requires no additional energy expenditure, because this training is done thanks to the ejection of the outside air through the ejection openings.
  • This process is self-regulating, because the ejection effect mostly depends on the air flow velocity of the jet generator in the separation chamber.
  • the ascending airflow allows at least four commercial fractions with a reject content per fraction of max. 1.5 - 2.0% with a separation chamber height of max. Weeding out 0.9 meters.
  • the performance of the device essentially determines the width of the separation chamber. With a width-to-height ratio in the range of 2.1 to 2.3, optimum economy is ensured.
  • the length of the separation chamber depends on the mechanical properties of the material to be processed.
  • the quality of the separation and the fine cleaning of the mixed bulk material in the flowable medium and the stable operation of the device mostly depend on the flow behavior of the air flow in the separation chamber.
  • air flow separation and in the formation of turbulence and dead zones an acute reduction in the effectiveness of the operation of the device is achieved.
  • the above phenomena arise mainly due to the interaction of the air flow with components of the device.
  • the surface of these components is arranged perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the air flow direction.
  • the likelihood of airflow turbulence is maximum in the interaction of the airflow with the rear wall of the separation chamber. Therefore, the separation chamber is formed with a Heilstromabweiser in the form of a convex surface to improve the flow conditions. This surface shape makes it possible to minimize the area of the front impact of the air flow and to exclude the formation of dead zones.
  • the device characterized by the entirety of the essential features described above is new, industrially applicable and has the required inventive level.
  • the device for separating the mixed bulk material in a flowable medium contains: means for filling and conveying the mixed bulk material 1, a jet generator 2, a separation chamber 3, collecting container 4 for finished and Nachfr syndromeen.
  • the means for filling and conveying the mixed bulk material 1 include bunker 5, which is provided with a slide 6 and a vibration device (not shown in the figures) for uniformly conveying the particles of the mixed bulk material into the separation chamber 3.
  • the jet generator 2 is placed under the bunker 5 and consists of an air blower in the form of a blower (fan) 7, an air line 8 and a set of flat-aligned nozzles 9.
  • the separation chamber 3 represents a rectangular, closed space whose characteristic dimension is its height.
  • the height of the separation chamber 3 is designated H in the figures. Accordingly, the length of the separation chamber 3 is (1.3-1.5) H, and the width of the separation chamber 3 is (2.1-2.3) H.
  • the Heilstromabweiser 10 is disposed on the inner surface of the rear wall of the separation chamber 3 with respect to the nozzles 9.
  • the Heilstromabweiser 10 is formed in the form of a convex, wavy surface.
  • a similar or similar deflector 10 can also be arranged on the upper wall and the side walls of the separation chamber 3.
  • the bottom of the separation chamber 3 represents a totality of the collecting container 4 for finished fractions and post-fractions alternating in a specific sequence.
  • the division of the collection containers 4 depending on the intended use for finished fractions and post-fractions is conditional and depends on the properties of the mixed bulk material to be processed from. An important role plays the serial number of the collecting container 4, starting from its distance from the front (nozzle) wall of the separation chamber. 3
  • the collecting container 4 represent Scheiderinnen. They are arranged across the separation chamber 3 over its entire width. Each of the channels has a discharge mouth (the mouths are not shown in the figures).
  • a device for forming the ascending air flow in the bottom of the separation chamber 3 is installed.
  • the rising airflow forming means is formed as a whole of discharge ports 12 for passing the outside air.
  • the discharge ports 12 are arranged between the second and the third, the third and the fourth, the fourth and the fifth collecting container 4.
  • each discharge port 12 for passing the outside air is formed as a rectangular slit whose length is 2.1-2.3 of the height of the separation chamber 3 and whose width is 0.02-0.03 of the height of the separation chamber 3.
  • Another version of the device is possible (s. Fig. 3 ) in which each discharge port 12 for passing the outside air in the form of rows of round holes 13 or (s. Fig. 4 ) rectangular holes 14 formed.
  • the holes 13 and 14 are arranged in rows with a change step, ie, that the center distances of the holes 13 or 14 are different.
  • the device works as follows.
  • the mixed bulk material (eg grain) to be separated is conveyed into the bunker 5 of the means 1 for filling and conveying the mixed bulk material.
  • the vibrating device and the jet generator 2 start up.
  • the slider 6 is raised.
  • the jet generator 2 ensures the promotion of uniform and practically horizontal air flow in the separation chamber 3 safe.
  • the air flow from the jet generator 2 absorbs the flow of the grain falling freely from the bunker 5.
  • the sampling cascade of the shallow air jets acts on the bulk material and divides the grains of the separable Materials in fractions that differ in density and aerodynamic properties.
  • the denser particles having the better streamline shape fall into the region of the first header 4, and the less dense, large-area particles are dropped to the subsequent header 4.
  • stones and heavy foreign matter come into the area of the first collecting container 4.
  • the seed, the third collecting container food grain, the fourth and the fifth feed grain and the following containers the non-material fractions of the mixed bulk material.
  • Volatile and powdery fractions are entrained by the air flow of the jet generator 2 and entrained from the separation chamber 3 via the opening 11 for discharging the air flow.
  • the streamlined, wave-like, convex surface of the Lucasstromabweisers 10 contributes to the stabilization of the laminar (invertebrate) flow of the air flow in the separation chamber 3 at.
  • the discharge ports 12 for passing the outside air are arranged between the collecting tanks 4 of the commercial fractions and ensure the air conditioning of the latter.
  • liquid medium is formed.
  • This flowable medium creates a dilution with respect to the atmosphere surrounding the device.
  • the ejected rising outside air stream comes up from above via the discharge ports 12 up the particles of the commercial fractions of the mixed bulk material. These particles fall into the corresponding sump 4. This results in a counter-movement of the rising outside air flow and the particles of the commercial fractions of the mixed bulk material.
  • the device is also effective in its application for precise multi-fraction separation of the mixed bulk, including simple and complex crops. This is very important for agriculture, for selection and breeding purposes, and in the treatment and preparation of seeds.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Anlagen zur Sortierung von festen Schüttgütern mit Hilfe von Luftströmen. Die Erfindung bezieht sich genauer auf automatisierte Einrichtungen zur Reinigung von Korn, Getreide, Zerealien, Gemüse und Gräsern. Sie kann in Zuchtstationen, in Saatfabriken, Farmbetrieben, Getreidelagerungsbetrieben sowie bei der Mehlherstellung und Mischfutterherstellung angewendet werden.The invention relates to plants for the sorting of solid bulk materials by means of air streams. More particularly, the invention relates to automated equipment for cleaning grain, cereals, cereals, vegetables and grasses. It can be used in breeding stations, seed factories, farms, grain storage facilities, flour production and compound feed production.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Einrichtungen zur Trennung von Schüttgütern bekannt. Jeder dieser Einrichtungen enthält einen Einschüttkasten, eine Trennkammer, eine Luftstromdüse, die mit einem Druckventilator verbunden ist, und Sammelbehälter für fertige Fraktionen (siehe Urheberschein SU 1479141 , KI. B07B4/02, veröffentlicht am 15.05.1989, Pat. RU 2130816 , KI. B07B4/02, veröffentlicht am 27.05.1999, Pat. RU 2132754 , KI. B07B4/02, veröffentlicht am 10.07.1999, oder Pat. RU 2132755 , KI. B07B4/02, veröffentlicht am 10.07.1999). Ein gemeinsamer Mangel der genannten Einrichtungen ist der fehlende, aufsteigende Luftstrom, der dem abzuscheidenden Schüttgut entgegen strömt. Dadurch wird die effektive Zeit des Verbleibens des Schüttguts in der Trennkammer verkürzt, und die Trennbedingungen werden verschlechtert. Das führt zu unbegründeten Vergrößerungen der Außenabmessungen der Trennkammer und der gesamten Einrichtung.Devices for the separation of bulk goods are known from the prior art. Each of these devices includes a hopper, a separation chamber, an airflow nozzle connected to a pressure fan, and reservoirs for finished fractions (see copyright certificate SU 1479141 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 15.05.1989, Pat. RU 2130816 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 27.05.1999, Pat. RU 2132754 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published 10.07.1999, or Pat. RU 2132755 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 10.07.1999). A common shortcoming of said facilities is the lack of ascending air flow, which flows counter to the bulk material to be separated. Thereby, the effective time of remaining the bulk material in the separation chamber is shortened, and the separation conditions are deteriorated. This leads to unfounded increases in the outer dimensions of the separation chamber and the entire device.

Aus SU 1321486 , veröffentlicht am 07.07.1987, ist eine Vorrichtung zum Windsichten von dispersen Materialen bekannt. Sie besteht aus einem Druckluftraum, einer Beschickungsbaugruppe, um die dispersen Materialen in den Druckluftraum längsläufig einzuwerfen, Sammelbehälter für Windsichten-Produkte, welche im Unterteil des Druckluftraums aufeinanderfolgend von der Beschickungsbaugruppe angeordnet sind, einem System zur regelbaren Zufuhr der senkrecht aufsteigenden Luftströme in den Druckluftraum, und einem Absaugungssystem. Zwecks Erhöhung der Windsichten-Qualität ist durch eine stufenweise Dämpfung der Geschwindigkeit der einzuwerfenden dispersen Materialen längs des Druckluftraums das System zur regelbaren Zufuhr der senkrechten Luftströme in den Druckluftraum in Form von Schlitzdüsen ausgebildet, welche quer über den Druckluftraum zwischen den Sammelbehältern für die Windsichten-Produkte angebracht sind. Die Vorrichtung ist vorzugsweise mit einer extra Schlitzdüse versehen, welche an der Stirnfläche des Druckluftraums gegenüber der Beschickungsbaugruppe der dispersen Materialen drehbar angeordnet ist.Out SU 1321486 , published 07.07.1987, a device for the air classification of disperse materials is known. It consists of a compressed air space, a feed assembly to throw the disperse materials into the compressed air space longitudinally, sump for wind sifting products, which are arranged in the lower part of the compressed air space successively from the feed assembly, a system for controllably supplying the vertically rising air streams in the compressed air space, and a suction system. In order to increase the quality of the air quality, the system for the controllable supply of the vertical air streams into the compressed air space in the form of slot nozzles is provided by a gradual damping of the speed of the disperse materials to be injected along the compressed air space formed, which are mounted across the compressed air space between the collecting containers for the air classification products. The device is preferably provided with an extra slot nozzle, which is rotatably arranged on the end face of the compressed air space with respect to the feed assembly of the disperse materials.

Es ist ein Abscheider für Schüttgüter bekannt, der einen Bunker mit einem Aufschütter, eine Trennkammer, ein Gebläse und Luftleitungen enthält. Die Trennkammer dieses Abscheiders hat am unteren Boden ein luftdicht anschließendes System aus Luftanschlüssen. Die Luftanschlüsse treten ins Innere der Trennkammer ein. Die Luftanschlüsse sind mit Streuendstücken und Ventilen zur Geschwindigkeitseinstellung des Luftgegenstroms versehen. Die Luftanschlüsse sind miteinander mittels luftdichten, kegelförmigen Sammelbehältern verbunden. Die Sammelbehälter fangen die Fraktionen des trennbaren Materials auf, s. Pat. RU 2262994 , KI. B07B4/02, veröffentlicht am 27.10.2005. Die Luftanschlüsse sind zwischen diesen kegelförmigen Sammelbehältern angeordnet. Im bekannten Abscheider kann der aufsteigende Luftgegenstrom aus den Luftanschlüssen die endgültige Feinabscheidung der Teilchen von Schüttgütern sicherstellen, und zwar unmittelbar bevor sie in den Sammelbehälter geraten. Jedoch handelt es sich dabei um einen Zwangsstrom. Das hängt damit zusammen, dass ein kompliziertes Stromregelsystem eingesetzt werden muss. Dies verursacht dementsprechend zusätzliche Energie- und Arbeitskosten.There is known a bulk solids separator including a bunker with a baffle, a separation chamber, a blower and air ducts. The separation chamber of this separator has an air-tight system of air connections at the bottom. The air connections enter the interior of the separation chamber. The air connections are equipped with spouts and valves for speed adjustment of the air counterflow. The air connections are connected to each other by means of airtight, conical collecting containers. The collection containers catch the fractions of the separable material, s. Pat. RU 2262994 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 27.10.2005. The air connections are arranged between these conical collecting containers. In the known separator, the ascending air countercurrent flow from the air connections can ensure the final fine separation of the particles of bulk material, immediately before they enter the sump devices. However, this is a forced current. This is because a complicated current control system has to be used. This causes accordingly additional energy and labor costs.

Die bekannte Einrichtung zur Trennung des gemischten Schüttguts im fließfähigen Medium enthält einen Bunker und eine Vibrationsrinne, einen Strahlgenerator mit Flachdüsen verschiedener Größen, Sammelbehälter für fertige Fraktionen und Nachfraktionen. Die Flachdüsen sind folgerichtig flussabwärts mit Vergrößerung des Wechselschritts, des spitzen Einstellwinkels und der Düsengröße angebaut. Die Sammelbehälter sind unter den Düsen angeordnet. Die Sammelbehälter für die Nachfraktionen sind über eine Transporteinrichtung mit dem Bunker verbunden. Der Strahlgenerator ist in dieser Einrichtung als Hochfrequenzgenerator ausgeführt. Mindestens zehn Düsen sind mit Wänden versehen, die als Führungskanäle dienen, deren Länge in Abwärtsrichtung zunimmt. Dabei sind im Generator drei Siebe vor den Düsen folgerichtig eingebaut. Die Anzahl der Sammelbehälter für fertige Fraktionen ist um zwei höher als die für die Nachfraktionen des trennbaren Guts. Dabei sind zwei Sammelbehälter für fertige Fraktionen nebeneinander am Ende des Stroms aufgebaut, s. Pat. RU 2270061 , KI. B07B4/02, veröffentlicht am 20.02.2006. Diese Einrichtung ermöglicht es, die Qualität des trennbaren Guts zu erhöhen, die Trennungszeit zu verkürzen, die Leistungsfähigkeit zu erhöhen und den Metallaufwand sowie die Abmessungen der Einrichtung herabzusetzen. Dies erfolgt dank der Optimierung der aerodynamischen Beanspruchung der Teilchen des Ausgangsprodukts und dank der Sicherstellung der genauen Verteilung des trennbaren Guts über die Aufnahmefraktionen je nach Gewicht und Form. Diese bekannte, technische Lösung wurde als Prototyp betrachtet. Sie ist ihrem technischen Wesen, dem erreichbaren Ergebnis und der Gesamtheit der wesentlichen Merkmale nach der angemeldeten Einrichtung besonders nahe.The known device for separating the mixed bulk material in the flowable medium contains a bunker and a vibrating trough, a jet generator with flat nozzles of various sizes, collecting container for finished fractions and Nachfraktionen. The flat nozzles are logically grown downstream with enlargement of the changing step, the acute setting angle and the nozzle size. The collection containers are arranged under the nozzles. The collecting containers for the Nachfraktionen are connected via a transport device with the bunker. The beam generator is designed in this device as a high-frequency generator. At least ten nozzles are provided with walls which serve as guide channels, the length of which increases in the downward direction. In the generator three screens before the nozzles are logically installed. The number of collecting containers for finished fractions is two higher than that for the post-fractions of the separable Guts. Two collection containers for finished fractions are built side by side at the end of the stream, s. Pat. RU 2270061 , AI. B07B4 / 02, published on 20.02.2006. This device makes it possible to increase the quality of the separable material, to shorten the separation time, to increase the efficiency and to reduce the metal expenditure and the dimensions of the device. This is done thanks to the optimization of the aerodynamic loading of the particles of the starting product and thanks to ensuring the exact distribution of the separable material over the intake fractions depending on weight and shape. This known technical solution was considered a prototype. It is particularly close to its technical nature, the achievable result and the totality of the essential features according to the notified institution.

Der Mangel des Prototyps ist die vorwiegend seitliche Ausrichtung des Luftstroms des Strahlgenerators in Bezug auf die Bewegungsrichtung des trennbaren Guts. Bei dieser Richtung des trennenden Luftstroms wird die effektive Zeit des Aufenthalts der Teilchen des schüttbaren trennbaren Guts in der Trennkammer durch die Höhe der Trennkammer und Freifallgeschwindigkeit der Teilchen festgelegt. Damit die Teilchen des trennbaren Schüttguts in der Trennkammer solange bleiben, bis die vollständige Trennung erreicht ist, muss die Trennkammer sehr hoch sein. Folglich muss auch der vergrößerte Querschnitt der Flachdüsen des Strahlgenerators und die Energieintensität des Strahlgenerators ziemlich groß sein. Darüber hinaus fördern die baulichen Merkmale der Trennkammer und des Strahlgenerators des Prototyps die Verwirbelung des trennenden Luftstroms. Das vermindert wesentlich die Qualität und die Wirksamkeit der Verarbeitung des trennbaren Guts. Dies zwingt dazu, die ungenügend behandelten Zwischenfraktionen auszuwählen, sie der Produktion zu entnehmen und zur wiederholten Trennung zurückzuleiten. Die genannten Mängel des Prototyps begrenzen dessen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Somit kann der Prototyp für die Bestimmungszwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht angewendet werden.The deficiency of the prototype is the predominantly lateral orientation of the air flow of the jet generator with respect to the direction of movement of the separable Guts. In this direction of the separating air flow, the effective time of residence of the particles of the flowable separable material in the separation chamber is determined by the height of the separation chamber and the free-fall velocity of the particles. In order for the particles of separable bulk material to remain in the separation chamber until complete separation is achieved, the separation chamber must be very high. Consequently, the increased cross section of the jet generator's flat nozzles and the energy intensity of the jet generator must also be quite large. In addition, the structural features of the separation chamber and the prototype beam generator enhance the turbulence of the separating airflow. This significantly reduces the quality and effectiveness of processing the separable good. This forces them to select the insufficiently treated intermediate fractions, take them from production, and redirect them to repeated separation. The aforementioned shortcomings of the prototype limit its application possibilities. Thus, the prototype can not be used for the purposes of the present invention.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist auf ein technische Ergebnis abgezielt, das darin besteht, die effektive Zeit des Aufenthalts der Teilchen des trennbaren Schüttguts in der Trennkammer zu verlängern und die Turbulenzstufe des trennenden Luftstroms herabzusetzen. Dabei müssen die hohe Verarbeitungsqualität des trennbaren Guts und sonstige positive Merkmale des Prototyps erhalten bleiben. Im Endeffekt ermöglicht das genannte, technische Ergebnis, den Anwendungsbereich zu erweitern und die Wirksamkeit bei der Anwendung der Einrichtung zu erhöhen, und zwar dadurch, dass die Schüttgüter mit verschiedenen, mechanischen Eigenschaften verarbeitet werden können.The present invention is directed to a technical result which is to increase the effective time of residence of the particles of the separable bulk material in the separation chamber and to reduce the turbulence level of the separating air flow. The high quality of workmanship of the separable good and other positive features of the prototype must be preserved. In the end, the technical result mentioned makes it possible to extend the field of application and to increase the efficiency in the use of the device, because the bulk goods can be processed with different mechanical properties.

Das positive Ergebnis wird folgendermaßen erreicht. Die Einrichtung zur Trennung des gemischten Schüttguts im fließfähigen Medium umfasst Mittel zur Aufschüttung und Förderung des gemischten Schüttguts, einen darunter angeordneten Strahlgenerator mit Düsen und mit einem Luftgebläse, eine Trennkammer und ein Sammelbehälter für fertige Fraktionen und Nachfraktionen. Diese Einrichtung zeichnet sich gegenüber dem Prototyp dadurch aus, dass sie mindestens mit einem Luftstromabweiser und einer Einrichtung zur Ausbildung eines aufsteigenden Luftstroms ausgerüstet ist. Der Luftstromabweiser ist als konvexe Oberfläche ausgeführt, die an der Hinterwand der Trennkammer angeordnet ist. Die Einrichtung zur Ausbildung des aufsteigenden Luftstroms umfasst eine Vielzahl von Ausstoßöffnungen (Ejektionsöffnungen) zum Durchlassen der Außenluft. Die Ausstoßöffnungen sind im Boden der Trennkammer zwischen einigen Sammelbehältern für Fraktionen angeordnet.The positive result is achieved as follows. The device for separating the mixed bulk material in the flowable medium comprises means for filling and conveying the mixed bulk material, a jet generator arranged thereunder with nozzles and with an air blower, a separation chamber and a collecting container for finished fractions and secondary fractions. This device is distinguished from the prototype in that it is equipped with at least one Luftstromabweiser and means for forming an ascending air flow. The Luftstromabweiser is designed as a convex surface, which is arranged on the rear wall of the separation chamber. The ascending airflow forming means comprises a plurality of ejection outlets (ejection outlets) for passing the outside air. The ejection openings are in the bottom of the separation chamber arranged between some collection bins for fractions.

Die konvexe Oberfläche des Luftstromabweisers ist vorzugsweise wellenförmig ausgebildet.The convex surface of the Luftstromabweisers is preferably formed wave-shaped.

Von der Sicht des genannten, technischen Ergebnisses ist die Länge der Trennkammer von 1,3 - 1,5 der Höhe der Trennkammer und die Breite der Trennkammer von 2,1 - 2,3 der Höhe der Trennkammer optimal.From the point of view of the mentioned technical result, the length of the separation chamber of 1.3 to 1.5 of the height of the separation chamber and the width of the separation chamber of 2.1 to 2.3 of the height of the separation chamber is optimal.

Es ist zweckdienlich, die Ausstoßöffnungen zum Durchlassen der Außenluft zwischen dem zweiten, dritten und vierten Sammelbehälter für fertige Fraktionen und Nachfraktionen auszuführen.It is convenient to carry out the discharge ports for passing the outside air between the second, third and fourth collecting tanks for finished fractions and post-fractions.

Die Ausstoßöffnungen sind in Form eines Schlitzes ausgebildet. Die Schlitzbreite beträgt 0,02 - 0,03 der Trennkammerhöhe. Alternativ können die Ausstoßöffnungen in Form mehrerer reihenweise angeordneter Löcher ausgebildet sein. Dabei sind die Löcher mit einem Wechselschritt angeordnet. Die Löcher können auch rechtwinklig ausgeführt sein.The ejection openings are formed in the form of a slot. The slot width is 0.02-0.03 of the separation chamber height. Alternatively, the ejection openings may be formed in the form of a plurality of rows arranged holes. The holes are arranged with a change step. The holes can also be executed at right angles.

Bei der Ausführung der präzisen Mehrfraktionstrennung und der Feinreinigung des gemischten Schüttguts im fließfähigen Medium mittels eines waagerechten Luftstroms ist die Dauer des effektiven Aufenthalts der Teilchen des trennbaren Schüttguts im genannten Luftstrom, d.h. in der Trennkammer, ausschlaggebend. Je länger die Aufenthaltsdauer der Teilchen, desto mehr Fraktionen des trennbaren Guts können ausgesondert werden und desto mehr leichtflüchtige Fraktionen können entfernt werden. Die Verlängerung des effektiven Aufenthalts durch die Vergrößerung der Gesamthöhe der Trennkammer von über einem Meter hängt mit einem erhöhten Energie- und Materialaufwand der Einrichtung zusammen. Die Ausbildung des aufsteigenden Außenluftstroms ermöglicht den Teilchen der Handelsfraktionen des gemischten Schüttguts, ihr Fallen unter Einwirkung der Schwerkraft zu verlangsamen und die effektive Zeit des Aufenthalts im Arbeitsbereich der Trennkammer zu verlängern. Dabei bedarf die Ausbildung des aufsteigenden Luftstroms keines zusätzlichen Energieaufwands, weil diese Ausbildung dank dem Ausstoßen der Außenluft durch die Ausstoßöffnungen erfolgt. Dieser Vorgang ist selbstregelnd, weil die Ausstoßwirkung meistens von der Luftstromgeschwindigkeit des Strahlgenerators in der Trennkammer abhängt. Der aufsteigende Luftstrom ermöglicht es, mindestens vier Handelsfraktionen mit einem Ausschussgehalt pro Fraktion von max. 1,5 - 2,0 % bei einer Trennkammerhöhe von max. 0,9 Meter auszusondern. Die Leistungsfähigkeit der Einrichtung bestimmt im Wesentlichen die Breite der Trennkammer. Bei einem Breite-zu-Höhe-Verhältnis im Bereich von 2,1 - 2,3 wird eine optimale Wirtschaftlichkeit sichergestellt. Die Länge der Trennkammer hängt von den mechanischen Eigenschaften des zu verarbeitenden Materials ab. Bei einer Länge von 1,3-1,5 der Höhe wird die größte, vielseitige Anwendbarkeit der Einrichtung sichergestellt. Versuchsweise wurde eine Schlitzbreite der Ausstoßöffnungen der Einrichtung von 20-.25mm verwendet. Die bei dieser Schlitzbreite entstehende Ausstoßwirkung erreicht seinen höchsten Wert. Die Ausbildung der Ausstoßöffnungen in Form von runden oder rechtwinkligen Löchern mit einem bestimmten Schritt ermöglicht, mit einfachen Mitteln die Ausrichtung des Geschwindigkeitsfelds des aufsteigenden Luftstroms über die gesamte Breite der Trennkammer zu erreichen.In carrying out the precise multi-fraction separation and the fine cleaning of the mixed bulk material in the flowable medium by means of a horizontal air flow is the duration of the effective residence of the particles of the separable bulk material in the said air flow, ie in the separation chamber, decisive. The longer the residence time of the particles, the more fractions of the separable material can be separated out and the more volatile fractions can be removed. The extension of the effective residence by increasing the overall height of the separation chamber of over one meter is related to an increased energy and material cost of the device. The formation of the rising outside air stream allows the particles of the mixed bulk commercial fractions to slow their falling under the action of gravity and to extend the effective time of residence in the working area of the separation chamber. In this case, the formation of the ascending air flow requires no additional energy expenditure, because this training is done thanks to the ejection of the outside air through the ejection openings. This process is self-regulating, because the ejection effect mostly depends on the air flow velocity of the jet generator in the separation chamber. The ascending airflow allows at least four commercial fractions with a reject content per fraction of max. 1.5 - 2.0% with a separation chamber height of max. Weeding out 0.9 meters. The performance of the device essentially determines the width of the separation chamber. With a width-to-height ratio in the range of 2.1 to 2.3, optimum economy is ensured. The length of the separation chamber depends on the mechanical properties of the material to be processed. With a length of 1.3-1.5 the height ensures the greatest versatility of the device. Experimentally, a slit width of the ejection openings of the device became 20-.25mm used. The resulting at this slot width ejection effect reaches its highest value. The formation of the ejection openings in the form of round or rectangular holes with a certain step makes it possible to achieve with simple means the alignment of the velocity field of the ascending air flow over the entire width of the separation chamber.

Die Qualität der Trennung und der Feinreinigung des gemischten Schüttguts im fließfähigen Medium sowie der stabile Betrieb der Einrichtung hängen meistens vom Fließverhalten des Luftstroms in der Trennkammer ab. Im Falle der Luftstromablösung und bei der Ausbildung der Turbulenz- und der Totzonen kommt eine akute Senkung der Effektivität des Betriebs der Einrichtung zustande. Die genannten Erscheinungen entstehen hauptsächlich infolge der Wechselwirkung des Luftstroms mit Bauteilen der Einrichtung. Die Oberfläche dieser Bauteile wird senkrecht oder fast senkrecht zur Luftstromrichtung angeordnet. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Luftstromverwirbelung ist bei der Zusammenwirkung des Luftstroms mit der Hinterwand der Trennkammer maximal. Deswegen ist die Trennkammer mit einem Luftstromabweiser in Form einer konvexen Oberfläche ausgebildet, um die Strömungsverhältnisse zu verbessern. Diese Oberflächenform ermöglicht es, die Fläche des Frontaufpralls des Luftstroms zu minimieren und die Entstehung von Totzonen auszuschließen.The quality of the separation and the fine cleaning of the mixed bulk material in the flowable medium and the stable operation of the device mostly depend on the flow behavior of the air flow in the separation chamber. In the case of air flow separation and in the formation of turbulence and dead zones, an acute reduction in the effectiveness of the operation of the device is achieved. The above phenomena arise mainly due to the interaction of the air flow with components of the device. The surface of these components is arranged perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the air flow direction. The likelihood of airflow turbulence is maximum in the interaction of the airflow with the rear wall of the separation chamber. Therefore, the separation chamber is formed with a Luftstromabweiser in the form of a convex surface to improve the flow conditions. This surface shape makes it possible to minimize the area of the front impact of the air flow and to exclude the formation of dead zones.

Somit sind alle Merkmale, die die Einrichtung zur Trennung des gemischten Schüttguts im fließfähigen Medium vom Prototyp unterscheiden, auf das Erreichen des technischen Ergebnisses abgestellt, und zwar die Verlängerung der effektiven Aufenthaltsdauer der Teilchen des trennbaren Schüttguts in der Trennkammer und die Senkung der Turbulenzstufe des trennenden Luftstroms.Thus, all features that distinguish the device for separating the mixed bulk material in the flowable medium from the prototype, to achieve the technical result, namely the extension of the effective residence time of the particles of the separable bulk material in the separation chamber and the reduction of the turbulence stage of the separating air flow.

Die durch die oben beschriebene Gesamtheit der wesentlichen Merkmale gekennzeichnete Einrichtung ist neu, gewerblich anwendbar und weist die erforderliche Erfindungshöhe auf.The device characterized by the entirety of the essential features described above is new, industrially applicable and has the required inventive level.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Gesamtansicht der Einrichtung zur Trennung des gemischten Schüttguts in einem fließfähigen Medium,
Fig. 2
Ansicht A aus Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
Baugruppe I aus Fig. 2 ist größer, wenn die Ausstoßöffnung zum Durchlassen der Außenluft in Form von mehreren Löchern ausgebildet ist,
Fig. 4
eine ähnliche Anordnung wie in Fig. 3, bei der aber die Löcher rechtwinklig ausgebildet sind.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
an overall view of the device for separating the mixed bulk material in a flowable medium,
Fig. 2
View A off Fig. 1 .
Fig. 3
Module I off Fig. 2 is larger when the discharge port for passing the outside air is formed in the form of a plurality of holes,
Fig. 4
a similar arrangement as in Fig. 3 , but in which the holes are formed at right angles.

Die Einrichtung zur Trennung des gemischten Schüttguts in einem fließfähigen Medium enthält: Mittel zur Aufschüttung und Förderung des gemischten Schüttguts 1, einen Strahlgenerator 2, eine Trennkammer 3, Sammelbehälter 4 für fertige und Nachfraktionen. Die Mittel zur Aufschüttung und Förderung des gemischten Schüttguts 1 beinhalten Bunker 5, der mit einem Schieber 6 und einer Vibrationseinrichtung (in den Figuren nicht abgebildet) zur gleichmäßigen Förderung der Teilchen des gemischten Schüttguts in die Trennkammer 3 versehen ist. Der Strahlgenerator 2 ist unter dem Bunker 5 aufgestellt und besteht aus einem Luftgebläse in Form eines Gebläses (Lüfters) 7, einer Luftleitung 8 und einem Satz flach ausgerichteter Düsen 9. Innerhalb der Luftleitung 8, und zwar unmittelbar vor den Düsen 9, kann ein oder können mehrere Gitter (in den Figuren nicht abgebildet) zur Ausrichtung des Luftstroms angeordnet sein. Die Trennkammer 3 stellt einen rechtwinkligen, geschlossenen Raum dar, dessen kennzeichnende Abmessung seine Höhe ist. Die Höhe der Trennkammer 3 ist in den Figuren mit H bezeichnet. Dementsprechend beträgt die Länge der Trennkammer 3 (1,3 - 1,5)H, und die Breite der Trennkammer 3 (2,1 - 2,3)H. Der Luftstromabweiser 10 ist an der Innenoberfläche der Hinterwand der Trennkammer 3 gegenüber den Düsen 9 angeordnet. Der Luftstromabweiser 10 ist in Form einer konvexen, wellenförmigen Oberfläche ausgebildet. Ein ähnlicher oder gleicher Abweiser 10 kann auch auf der oberen Wand und den Seitenwänden der Trennkammer 3 angeordnet sein. Über dem Abweiser 10 im oberen Teil der Hinterwand der Trennkammer 3 ist eine Öffnung 11 ausgebildet, um den Luftstrom und die leichtflüchtigen Fraktionen aus der Trennkammer 3 abzuleiten. Der Boden der Trennkammer 3 stellt eine Gesamtheit der sich in einer bestimmten Reihenfolge abwechselnden Sammelbehälter 4 für fertige Fraktionen und Nachfraktionen dar. Die Aufteilung der Sammelbehälter 4 je nach Bestimmungszweck für fertige Fraktionen und Nachfraktionen ist bedingt und hängt von den Eigenschaften des zu verarbeitenden, gemischten Schüttguts ab. Eine bedeutende Rolle spielt die laufende Nummer des Sammelbehälters 4, ausgehend von seiner Entfernung von der vorderen (Düsen-) Wand der Trennkammer 3.The device for separating the mixed bulk material in a flowable medium contains: means for filling and conveying the mixed bulk material 1, a jet generator 2, a separation chamber 3, collecting container 4 for finished and Nachfraktionen. The means for filling and conveying the mixed bulk material 1 include bunker 5, which is provided with a slide 6 and a vibration device (not shown in the figures) for uniformly conveying the particles of the mixed bulk material into the separation chamber 3. The jet generator 2 is placed under the bunker 5 and consists of an air blower in the form of a blower (fan) 7, an air line 8 and a set of flat-aligned nozzles 9. Within the air line 8, and immediately before the nozzles 9, a or a plurality of grids (not shown in the figures) can be arranged to align the air flow. The separation chamber 3 represents a rectangular, closed space whose characteristic dimension is its height. The height of the separation chamber 3 is designated H in the figures. Accordingly, the length of the separation chamber 3 is (1.3-1.5) H, and the width of the separation chamber 3 is (2.1-2.3) H. The Luftstromabweiser 10 is disposed on the inner surface of the rear wall of the separation chamber 3 with respect to the nozzles 9. The Luftstromabweiser 10 is formed in the form of a convex, wavy surface. A similar or similar deflector 10 can also be arranged on the upper wall and the side walls of the separation chamber 3. About the deflector 10 in the upper part of the rear wall of the separation chamber 3, an opening 11 is formed to the air flow and the derive volatile fractions from the separation chamber 3. The bottom of the separation chamber 3 represents a totality of the collecting container 4 for finished fractions and post-fractions alternating in a specific sequence. The division of the collection containers 4 depending on the intended use for finished fractions and post-fractions is conditional and depends on the properties of the mixed bulk material to be processed from. An important role plays the serial number of the collecting container 4, starting from its distance from the front (nozzle) wall of the separation chamber. 3

So werden im ersten und dem zur Vorderwand am nächsten liegenden Sammelbehälter 4 die dichtesten Fraktionen gesammelt. Je nach Entfernung des Sammelbehälters 4 wird die Dichte der darin ansammelnden Fraktion abnehmen. Die Sammelbehälter 4 stellen Scheiderinnen dar. Sie sind quer über der Trennkammer 3 über deren gesamte Breite angeordnet. Jede der Rinnen weist eine Entladungsmündung auf (Die Mündungen sind in den Figuren nicht abgebildet). Außer den Sammelbehältern 4 ist eine Einrichtung zur Ausbildung des aufsteigenden Luftstroms im Boden der Trennkammer 3 eingebaut. Die Einrichtung zur Ausbildung des aufsteigenden Luftstroms ist als eine Gesamtheit von Ausstoßöffnungen 12 zum Durchlassen der Außenluft ausgebildet. Die Ausstoßöffnungen 12 sind zwischen dem zweiten und dem dritten, dem dritten und dem vierten, dem vierten und dem fünften Sammelbehältern 4 angeordnet.Thus, the densest fractions are collected in the first and the closest to the front wall sump 4. Depending on the distance of the collecting container 4, the density of the fraction accumulating therein will decrease. The collecting container 4 represent Scheiderinnen. They are arranged across the separation chamber 3 over its entire width. Each of the channels has a discharge mouth (the mouths are not shown in the figures). In addition to the collecting containers 4, a device for forming the ascending air flow in the bottom of the separation chamber 3 is installed. The rising airflow forming means is formed as a whole of discharge ports 12 for passing the outside air. The discharge ports 12 are arranged between the second and the third, the third and the fourth, the fourth and the fifth collecting container 4.

Gemäß der einfachsten Form der Ausführung der Einrichtung (s. Fig. 2) ist jede Ausstoßöffnung 12 zum Durchlassen der Außenluft als rechtwinkliger Schlitz ausgebildet, dessen Länge 2,1-2,3 der Höhe der Trennkammer 3 und dessen Breite 0,02-0,03 der Höhe der Trennkammer 3 beträgt. Eine andere Ausführung der Einrichtung ist möglich (s. Fig. 3), in der jede Ausstoßöffnung 12 zum Durchlassen der Außenluft in Form von Reihen von runden Löchern 13 oder (s. Fig. 4) rechtwinkligen Löchern 14 ausgebildet. Dabei sind die Löcher 13 und 14 reihenweise mit einem Wechselschritt angeordnet, d.h., dass die Mittenabstände der Löcher 13 oder 14 unterschiedlich sind.According to the simplest form of execution of the device (s. Fig. 2 ), each discharge port 12 for passing the outside air is formed as a rectangular slit whose length is 2.1-2.3 of the height of the separation chamber 3 and whose width is 0.02-0.03 of the height of the separation chamber 3. Another version of the device is possible (s. Fig. 3 ) in which each discharge port 12 for passing the outside air in the form of rows of round holes 13 or (s. Fig. 4 ) rectangular holes 14 formed. The holes 13 and 14 are arranged in rows with a change step, ie, that the center distances of the holes 13 or 14 are different.

Die Einrichtung arbeitet folgendermaßen.The device works as follows.

Das zu trennende, gemischte Schüttgut (z.B. Korn) wird in den Bunker 5 der Mittel 1 zur Aufschüttung und Förderung des gemischten Schüttguts gefördert. Nach Anschluss der Einrichtung am Stromnetz laufen die Vibrationsvorrichtung und der Strahlgenerator 2 an. Der Schieber 6 wird angehoben. Als Ergebnis erfolgt eine gleichmäßige Förderung der Teilchen des gemischten Schüttguts in die Trennkammer 3. Dank dem Satz von flach ausgerichteten Düsen 9 stellt der Strahlgenerator 2 die Förderung des gleichmäßigen und praktisch waagerecht ausgerichteten Luftstroms in die Trennkammer 3 sicher. Der Luftstrom aus dem Strahlgenerator 2 nimmt den Fluss des frei aus dem Bunker 5 fallenden Korns auf. Die Abtastkaskade der flachen Luftstrahlen wirkt auf das Schüttgut ein und teilt die Körner des trennbaren Materials in Fraktionen auf, die sich nach Dichte und aerodynamischen Eigenschaften unterscheiden. Die dichteren Teilchen mit der besseren Stromlinienform fallen in den Bereich des ersten Sammelbehälters 4, und die weniger dichten, großoberflächigen Teilchen werden an die nachfolgenden Sammelbehälter 4 abgeworfen. Somit kommen Steine und schwere Fremdstoffe in den Bereich des ersten Sammelbehälters 4. Im Bereich des zweiten Sammelbehälters bleibt Saatkorn, des dritten Sammelbehälters Nahrungsgetreide, des vierten und des fünften Futtergetreide und der nachfolgenden Behälter die nicht warenmäßigen Fraktionen des gemischten Schüttguts zurück. Leichtflüchtige und pulverartige Fraktionen werden vom Luftstrom des Strahlgenerators 2 mitgerissen und aus der Trennkammer 3 über die Öffnung 11 zur Ableitung des Luftstroms mitgerissen. Die stromlinienförmige, wellenartige, konvexe Oberfläche des Luftstromabweisers 10 trägt zur Stabilisierung der laminaren (wirbellosen) Strömung des Luftstroms in der Trennkammer 3 bei. Die Ausstoßöffnungen 12 zum Durchlassen der Außenluft sind zwischen den Sammelbehältern 4 der Handelsfraktionen angeordnet und stellen die Klimaregelung der letzteren sicher. Während der Verlagerung des Luftstroms des Strahlgenerators 2 über die Länge der Trennkammer 3 wird flüssiges Medium gebildet. In diesem fließfähigen Medium entsteht eine Verdünnung in Bezug auf die die Einrichtung umgebende Atmosphäre. Das führt zu einer Ejektorwirkung (Luftsog) der Außenluft in die Trennkammer 3 über die Ausstoßöffnungen 12. Der ausgestoßene, aufsteigende Außenluftstrom kommt über die Ausstoßöffnungen 12 von unten herauf den Teilchen der Handelsfraktionen des gemischten Schüttguts entgegen. Diese Teilchen fallen in die entsprechenden Sammelbehälter 4. Somit entsteht eine Gegenbewegung des aufsteigenden Außenluftstroms und der Teilchen der Handelsfraktionen des gemischten Schüttguts. Das führt zu einer Verlangsamung des Fallens der Teilchen, einer Verlängerung des effektiven Aufenthalts der Teilchen in der Arbeitszone der Trennkammer 3 und einer Erhöhung der Trenngenauigkeit der Handelsfraktionen von bis zu 98-98,5 %, d.h., wenn das Vorhandensein eines Ausschusses pro Fraktion max. 1,5-2,0 % beträgt. Die Fraktionen des trennbaren, gemischten Schüttguts werden in den entsprechenden Sammelbehältern 4 gesammelt und ab und zu zur weiteren Verarbeitung ausgeladen.The mixed bulk material (eg grain) to be separated is conveyed into the bunker 5 of the means 1 for filling and conveying the mixed bulk material. After connection of the device to the mains, the vibrating device and the jet generator 2 start up. The slider 6 is raised. As a result, a uniform promotion of the particles of the mixed bulk material into the separation chamber 3. Thanks to the set of flat-oriented nozzles 9, the jet generator 2 ensures the promotion of uniform and practically horizontal air flow in the separation chamber 3 safe. The air flow from the jet generator 2 absorbs the flow of the grain falling freely from the bunker 5. The sampling cascade of the shallow air jets acts on the bulk material and divides the grains of the separable Materials in fractions that differ in density and aerodynamic properties. The denser particles having the better streamline shape fall into the region of the first header 4, and the less dense, large-area particles are dropped to the subsequent header 4. Thus, stones and heavy foreign matter come into the area of the first collecting container 4. In the area of the second collecting container, the seed, the third collecting container food grain, the fourth and the fifth feed grain and the following containers the non-material fractions of the mixed bulk material. Volatile and powdery fractions are entrained by the air flow of the jet generator 2 and entrained from the separation chamber 3 via the opening 11 for discharging the air flow. The streamlined, wave-like, convex surface of the Luftstromabweisers 10 contributes to the stabilization of the laminar (invertebrate) flow of the air flow in the separation chamber 3 at. The discharge ports 12 for passing the outside air are arranged between the collecting tanks 4 of the commercial fractions and ensure the air conditioning of the latter. During the displacement of the air flow of the jet generator 2 over the length of the separation chamber 3, liquid medium is formed. In this flowable medium creates a dilution with respect to the atmosphere surrounding the device. This leads to an ejector effect (air suction) of the outside air into the separation chamber 3 via the discharge ports 12. The ejected rising outside air stream comes up from above via the discharge ports 12 up the particles of the commercial fractions of the mixed bulk material. These particles fall into the corresponding sump 4. This results in a counter-movement of the rising outside air flow and the particles of the commercial fractions of the mixed bulk material. This leads to a slowing down of the falling of the particles, an extension of the effective residence of the particles in the working zone of the separation chamber 3 and an increase in the separation accuracy of the commercial fractions of up to 98-98.5%, ie if the presence of one reject per fraction max , 1.5-2.0%. The fractions of the separable, mixed bulk material are collected in the respective collection containers 4 and occasionally unloaded for further processing.

Die Einrichtung ist auch bei ihrer Anwendung zur präzisen Mehrfraktionstrennung des gemischten Schüttguts, darunter auch Kornfrüchte mit einfacher und komplexer Form, wirksam. Das ist für die Landwirtschaft, und zwar für die Selektions- und Züchtzwecke, sowie bei der Behandlung und Vorbereitung von Saatgut sehr wichtig.The device is also effective in its application for precise multi-fraction separation of the mixed bulk, including simple and complex crops. This is very important for agriculture, for selection and breeding purposes, and in the treatment and preparation of seeds.

Das oben beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel der Einrichtung ist nur deshalb angeführt, um die Erfindung näher zu erklären. Ein Fachmann kann die Einrichtung ggf. verbessern und/oder alternative Ausführungsformen innerhalb des Umfanges der Patentansprüche vornehmen.The embodiment of the device described above is given only to explain the invention in more detail. A person skilled in the art may if necessary improve the device and / or make alternative embodiments within the scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

  1. An apparatus for separating a mixed bulk material (1) in a flowable medium, having means for feeding and conveying the mixed bulk material (1) into a separation chamber (3), having a stream generator (2) disposed below it, with nozzles (9) and an air blower (7), of the separation chamber (3), and having collection vessels (4) for completed fractions and subsequent fractions,
    characterized in that
    the apparatus is provided with at least one airflow deflector (10) and a device for developing a rising airflow, the airflow deflector (10) being embodied in the form of a complex surface which is disposed on the back wall, opposite the nozzles (9), of the separation chamber (3); the device for developing an airflow is embodied in the form of discharge openings (12) for the passage of the outside air; and the discharge openings (12) are disposed in the bottom of the separation chamber (3), between some of the collection vessels (4) for fractions.
  2. The apparatus of claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the convex surface is embodied in undulating fashion.
  3. The apparatus of claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the length of the separation chamber is from 1.3 to 1.5 times the height of the separation chamber, and the width of the separation chamber is from 2.1 to 2.3 times the height of the separation chamber.
  4. The apparatus of claim 3,
    characterized in that
    the discharge openings (12) for the passage of the outside air are embodied between the second, third and fourt collection vessels (4) for completed fractions and subsequent fractions.
  5. The apparatus of claim 4,
    characterized in that
    each discharge opening (12) for the passage of the outside air is embodied in slotlike form, and the width of this slot is from 0.02 to 0.03 times the height of the separation chamber (3).
  6. The apparatus of claim 4,
    characterized in that
    each discharge opening (12) for the passage of the outside air is embodied in the form of a plurality of holes (13, 14).
  7. The apparatus of claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the holes (13, 14) are disposed in rows.
  8. The apparatus of claim 7,
    characterized in that
    the holes (13, 14) are disposed in staggered rows.
  9. The apparatus of claim 8,
    characterized in that
    the holes (14) are embodied rectangularly.
EP07834954.5A 2007-03-09 2007-06-05 Device for separating a bulk mixture in a fluid medium Not-in-force EP2186575B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07834954T PL2186575T3 (en) 2007-03-09 2007-06-05 Device for separating a bulk mixture in a fluid medium

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2007108668/03A RU2336131C1 (en) 2007-03-09 2007-03-09 Device for separation of loose mixture in fluid medium
PCT/RU2007/000299 WO2008111868A1 (en) 2007-03-09 2007-06-05 Device for separating a bulk mixture in a fluid medium

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2186575A1 EP2186575A1 (en) 2010-05-19
EP2186575A4 EP2186575A4 (en) 2012-12-12
EP2186575B1 true EP2186575B1 (en) 2014-01-22

Family

ID=39759733

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07834954.5A Not-in-force EP2186575B1 (en) 2007-03-09 2007-06-05 Device for separating a bulk mixture in a fluid medium

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP2186575B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2457818T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2186575T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2336131C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008111868A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9061321B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2015-06-23 Volodymyr Mytrofanovych Kosilov Separating machine for separating loose mixtures in a fluid
AT515297B1 (en) 2014-01-22 2015-08-15 Wintersteiger Ag Device for separating a granular material from a conveying air stream
RU2672894C2 (en) * 2015-09-30 2018-11-20 Владимир Степанович Сухин Method for separation of bulk mixture in fluid medium and device for its implementation
CN106824790A (en) * 2017-02-28 2017-06-13 四川理工学院 A kind of controllable multi-pass road ore particle dry separation device
RU179365U1 (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-05-11 Владимир Степанович Сухин UNIVERSAL AERODYNAMIC SEPARATOR WITH ADDITIONAL CLEANING OF GRAIN MATERIAL
RU184205U1 (en) * 2018-05-22 2018-10-18 Владимир Степанович Сухин AERODYNAMIC SEPARATOR WITH ADDITIONAL CLEANING OF GRAIN MATERIAL
RU209903U1 (en) * 2021-11-08 2022-03-23 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный технический университет» (ВолгГТУ) MESH PNEUMO CLASSIFIER

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FR975556A (en) * 1942-02-19 1951-03-07 Traitement Ind Des Residus Urb Method and installation for classifying heterogeneous materials and in particular miscellaneous waste
US3823820A (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-07-16 G Sosson Apparatus for separating comminuted electrical wire
GB2110959B (en) * 1981-12-17 1985-09-04 Faber Prest Separation of mixtures in a wind tunnel
SU1321486A1 (en) * 1984-05-07 1987-07-07 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Гидромеханизации Нерудных Материалов Apparatus for air classification of particular materials
SU1645041A1 (en) * 1986-05-23 1991-04-30 Войсковая Часть 44526 Apparatus for concentrating loose materials
SU1479141A1 (en) 1987-02-17 1989-05-15 Ю. А. Иванов Device for sorting loose material by density
RU2130816C1 (en) 1997-12-10 1999-05-27 Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт механизации сельского хозяйства (ВИМ) Method and apparatus for separating loose materials
RU2132754C1 (en) 1998-02-24 1999-07-10 Кубанский государственный аграрный университет Bulk mixture separation apparatus
RU2132755C1 (en) 1998-07-28 1999-07-10 Восточно-Сибирский государственный технологический университет Method and apparatus for separating bulk materials
RU2270061C2 (en) * 2003-12-04 2006-02-20 Владимир Митрофанович Косилов Device for separation of loose mixture in fluid medium
RU2262994C1 (en) 2004-04-13 2005-10-27 Кубанский государственный аграрный университет Separator for loose materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008111868A1 (en) 2008-09-18
RU2336131C1 (en) 2008-10-20
EP2186575A4 (en) 2012-12-12
EP2186575A1 (en) 2010-05-19
ES2457818T3 (en) 2014-04-29
PL2186575T3 (en) 2014-07-31

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