EP0020761B1 - Process for sorting grain or seed material and sorting plant - Google Patents

Process for sorting grain or seed material and sorting plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0020761B1
EP0020761B1 EP19800900550 EP80900550A EP0020761B1 EP 0020761 B1 EP0020761 B1 EP 0020761B1 EP 19800900550 EP19800900550 EP 19800900550 EP 80900550 A EP80900550 A EP 80900550A EP 0020761 B1 EP0020761 B1 EP 0020761B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
damming
screen
members
sieve
material flow
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EP19800900550
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0020761A1 (en
Inventor
Roman Müller
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Buehler AG
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Buehler AG
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Priority to AT80900550T priority Critical patent/ATE1168T1/en
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Publication of EP0020761A1 publication Critical patent/EP0020761A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/50—Cleaning
    • B07B1/52—Cleaning with brushes or scrapers
    • B07B1/522—Cleaning with brushes or scrapers with brushes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
    • B07B13/05—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size using material mover cooperating with retainer, deflector or discharger

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for classifying grain or seeds, such as for classifying cereal grains, seeds, legumes, rice grains, corn kernels, coffee beans or the like.
  • the invention also relates to a classifying device which is preferably suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the size of the grain is a quality criterion and as such must be adhered to within the narrowest possible limits.
  • classifying devices were also mostly limited to classifying only a small number of different classifying goods, since the respective classifying device was adapted accordingly to the different requirements of the individual good in the interest of a high discharge yield.
  • the object of the invention is to find a classification method in which the classification improves in size and the negative influence of form factors of the classified material is switched off as far as possible.
  • a method is to be found which, even in the case of such classification products, still permits the use of flat sieves in which the desired classification accuracy could not otherwise be achieved.
  • the method according to the invention should meet the highest demands both in terms of its performance and its classification accuracy, without the need for complicated additional expenditure.
  • the invention is also intended to find a device for carrying out such a method according to the invention, which is suitable for use with a large number of very different classifying goods (such as cereals, legumes, soybeans, coffee beans, seeds or the like) and with which a particularly good classification can be achieved, which is particularly important in the extraction of seeds, on which a substantial part of the progress possible in agricultural production is based.
  • classifying goods such as cereals, legumes, soybeans, coffee beans, seeds or the like
  • this object is achieved in a method for classifying grain or seed by placing the material on a sieve surface which is preferably linearly vibrated and over which the material is moved, while simultaneously moving the material flow over the sieve surface at several " successive points by means of mechanical means Limbs are acted on, in that the material cleaned in a first stage of foreign substances is accumulated during its movement over the sieve surface by means of the mechanical limbs in such a way that a reverse flow overlying the main flow of the material occurs in the accumulation area.
  • the method according to the invention has surprisingly achieved great success in practice.
  • the principle previously represented in the specialist world that the sieving capacity is at a maximum at a relatively low dumping height and decreases with increasing dumping height is completely broken through in the invention by deliberately requiring repeated jam there.
  • a targeted grain movement in the grain layer is achieved in the process according to the invention, in particular also counter to the general flow direction of the material, which results in a surprisingly good sieving effect.
  • the individual grains are literally “set up” and can thus fall through the perforated screen with their smallest cross-sectional area.
  • Grains e.g. coming into contact with the screen perforation at a slight incline are literally set up by the grain layer above and guided into the opening with a slight pressure.
  • the product stowage also has the particular advantage that the product is repeatedly forced to recirculate. This means that a grain is given more than once in each barrage to take a favorable position for passage through the perforated screen.
  • the crop stream is preferably dammed up to a height of 2 to 5 cm and conveyed from dam stage to dam stage in an area directly above the sieve surface (the height dimensions given being particularly favorable for the processing of rice; in the case of corn, it is advisable to thaw even more than 5 cm high).
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in that a dam member directed at a low pressure against the crop flow is used as the mechanical member forming a dam stage and the size of the passage cross section is regulated as a function of the crop flow.
  • the deflection of the dam member can be associated with a progressively increasing force.
  • the passage cross-section will usually have a size corresponding to one to three times the thickness of a single grain or will oscillate approximately at such a value; if more product is being conveyed at the moment, the passage cross-section should be able to adapt by opening it accordingly.
  • the device according to the invention is based on a classifying device with at least one flat sieve, which preferably has a linearly acting vibration drive and has one or more conveying and classifying sections on its sieve surface for the material flow to be classified, several of which are transverse to the longitudinal direction of the sieve and in the direction mechanical links extending towards the screen surface are provided.
  • the mechanical members are designed as damming members for the local build-up of the flow of material on the sieve surface in such a way that a backward flow overlying the main flow of the material occurs in the accumulation area.
  • the screen is in the longitudinal direction is divided into at least two compartments and each compartment has dam members.
  • a particularly simple but effective design for the dam members can be achieved in a classifying device according to the invention in that the dam members are designed as hanging swing doors that can be opened by the flow of material in its conveying direction.
  • the inclination of the damming members and / or their distance from the screen surface can be or is adjustable in a classifying device according to the invention. It is particularly advantageous if the dam members arranged in the sieve box of the sieve are adjustable from the outside and if the sieve box for controlling the setting of the dam members is at least partially made of transparent material, preferably transparent plastic, such as e.g. Plexiglas, is carried out, which means that the classification quality can also be checked during operation.
  • transparent material preferably transparent plastic, such as e.g. Plexiglas
  • the dam members are made of solid rubber, plastic or reinforced material.
  • congestion links made of rubber of medium softness has proven particularly good.
  • the dam members have a function which corresponds to that of a curtain, as has been used in the past (but only to hold back spray particles).
  • the retention force of the damming member should always be so great that product stagnation is ensured in all operating cases, the height of the product stowage should advantageously be approximately approximately twice as large or even greater than the corresponding layer height in the previously known normal sieving technology.
  • the method according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1, in which, in a manner known per se, the product to be classified is first cleaned in a stage 1 and then in the actual classification stage 2 into the desired size classes. In this way, the classifying screen is not burdened from the outset by undesirable additives.
  • the classifying screen has several outputs.
  • a screening device 4 is shown with two parallel compartments 5 and 6, which are separated by an intermediate floor 7.
  • the inclination (a) of the sieve device 4 as a whole is adjustable.
  • the scheme parts 8 and 9 are arranged in the head part 10 of the screening device 4 and the necessary scheme parts 12 in the foot part 11 of the screening device.
  • the flow of the classified material e.g. a grain flow or a flow of coffee beans is fed into the sieving device 4 via the inlets 13 and 14 of the head part 10.
  • the diarrhea of the sieves 15 and 15 is passed on via an outlet 17 and 19, and the repulsion of the sieves 15 and 16 in each case via an outlet 18 and 20.
  • the sieve device 4 has damming members 21 which divide the entire sieve zone or the corresponding process zone into several units.
  • a vibrator P symbolically represented in FIG. 2 as an electromagnet, sets the sieve device 4 in vibration.
  • unbalance vibrators can also be used in practice, the inclination ( ⁇ ) of which can be adjusted and which, by suitable attachment, can produce a, preferably linear, oscillating movement.
  • Figure 3 shows a single screen 30 which is provided with five dam members 21.
  • the sieve bottom consists of a sieve surface 31 and a wire mesh 32, both of which form a cavity 33 in which balls 34 are located for the continuous cleaning of the sieve 30.
  • FIG. 4 shows the combination of the dam members 21: two wooden strips 40 separate the entire sieve zone into three longitudinal channels as longitudinal strips and are fastened to a sieve 43 with screws 42.
  • FIG. 5 shows the representation of a dam member 53.
  • Screws 51 are attached in a wooden strip 50 and fastened by means of nuts 52.
  • the actual dam member 53 is angled sen 54 connected to the screw 51.
  • the angle iron 54 is fixed by nuts 55 and 56.
  • the angle iron 54 and thus the dam member 53 can be adjusted in its height 57 (relative to the sieve).
  • the dam member 53 is advantageously made of materials such as rubber, plastic, reinforced or rigid fabrics and - in special cases - also of sheet metal. It is essential that the damming element 53 opposes the product flow with a resistance, through which it can cause a certain damming effect. Possibly. Even a single dam member 53 on a screen surface can lead to a significant improvement in the classification.
  • the distance (X) between the dam member and the sieve surface adjusts itself.
  • dam members could, however, also be designed as pendulum flaps hanging on hinges and deflectable by the product flow in the direction of product flow, whereby a simple but effective self-regulation of the passage cross-section can also be achieved depending on the strength of the product flow.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the sequence of movements of the flow of the classified material.
  • the entire screening zone is divided into a number of individual processing zones 60 by the various damming members.
  • the main product flow along the screen is overlaid by a backward flow in the individual process zones.
  • the damming member 61 jams the product flow, the individual grains performing a vertical movement upwards and then being moved backwards in accordance with the direction of the arrow 62 due to the (linear) vibration of the sieve box.
  • 61 grains are only shown on the left of the damming element in FIG. 7, on the other hand only a sieve plate without grains on the right (although grains are of course present in the practical process).
  • the longitudinal direction is shown by the arrow L.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment for a dam member, which here is in the form of a brush 65, preferably made of plastic, which is attached above the sieve bottom 67.
  • the product is fed into the screening device 4 via the inlet.
  • the dam members divide the entire sieve zone into several individual units, with FIG. 7 very clearly showing how it works within a single unit.
  • the product flow is jammed over the damming members, whereby the individual grains move vertically upwards; they are conveyed backwards by the forward movement of a lowermost grain layer on the one hand and the linear movement of the screening device 4 on the other hand (cf. FIG. 7).
  • the accumulating grains inhibit the lowest grain position in the forward movement, which creates a rollover effect.
  • the grains of the lowest grain layer are regularly brought into a vertical position and fall down over their smallest cross-section through the perforated sieve.
  • a side wall of the screening device is preferably formed from plexiglass. Since the dam members, for example according to the embodiment according to FIG. 5, can be adjusted in their height, an adjustment can be made both on the basis of the observation by the operator and on the basis of the sieving performance until the desired grain movement in the individual sieving zones is optimal, i.e. until the highest classification performance occurs.
  • the dam members can also be easily replaced. This makes it possible to adapt the retention force of the damming elements to the flow properties of the product and thereby optimally classify different products.
  • the use of up to six damming elements per meter of screen length has proven to be particularly advantageous. It is also advantageous to make the sieve inclination and the vibration intensity adaptable to the respective application. A particularly effective use of the sieve inclination setting is given because the product cannot simply swim away as a push-off in the case of a larger inclined position.

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  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Abstract

Process and plant for sorting grain or seed material such as coffee beans. The main problem when sorting such materials, lies in the shape of the grains which is far from being round, resulting in the grains going through the meshes of a sieve also depending on their position relative to the sieve. During the first stage of the process disclosed, foreign materials are removed from the material to be sorted which is then sorted in a moving sieve (15, 16) preferably linear. The vibrating motion, in relation with barrier baffle, provides a spreading of the material on the surface of the sieve and forces the grain to move along the longitudinal axis thereof. Thus, the probability for the grains to traverse the meshes of the sieve by their smaller cross section is increased. The efficiency of the screening operation is thereby increased. The installation comprises on the top of sieve (15, 16) barrier baffles (21) transversal to the motion of the material, and preferably made of elastic material such as rigid rubber.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Klassieren von Korngut oder Saatgut, wie beispielsweise zum Klassieren von Getreidekörnern, von Sämereien, von Hülsenfrüchten, Reiskörnern, Maiskörnern, von Kaffeebohnen oder ähnlichem Gut. Die Erfindung bezieht sich weiterhin auch auf eine Klassiervorrichtung, die vorzugsweise zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist.The invention relates to a method for classifying grain or seeds, such as for classifying cereal grains, seeds, legumes, rice grains, corn kernels, coffee beans or the like. The invention also relates to a classifying device which is preferably suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Zugrundeliegender Stand der TechnikUnderlying state of the art

Für die Gewinnung von Korngut oder Saatgut, von Sämereien o.ä. ist es erforderlich, die zu klassierenden Güter sowohl qualitativ wie auch der Größe und Form nach in einzelne Klassen zu trennen. Es ist bekannt, hierbei Siebe einzusetzen, wobei der Hauptzweck der Siebung in der Auftrennung des Klassiergutes in verschiedene GröBenklassen besteht. Allerdings ist ebenfalls bekannt, daß Formfaktoren der zu siebenden Körner in einem Flachsieb nicht genügend berücksichtigt werden können. So weist z.B. ein Maiskorn, speziell der sogenannte « Zahnmais •, eine sehr eigenartige, großflächige längliche und au' eine Seite hin zugespitzte Formgebung auf. Das Verhältnis vom größten Querschnitt zu kleinstem Querschnitt kann dabei ohne weiteres zwischen 2 und 6 liegen. Bringt man ein Gut solcher spezieller Formgebung auf ein Sieb auf, dann erfolgt die Aussiebung mehr zufällig, d.h. die Klassierung unterliegt statistischen Gesetzen. Je nach der Lage, in die das Korn relativ zur Sieblochung zu liegen kommt, kann es durch die Lochung hindurchfallen oder nicht.For the extraction of grain or seeds, seeds or similar. it is necessary to separate the goods to be classified into individual classes in terms of quality, size and shape. It is known to use sieves for this, the main purpose of the sieving being to separate the classified material into different size classes. However, it is also known that form factors of the grains to be sieved cannot be sufficiently taken into account in a flat sieve. For example, a grain of corn, especially the so-called "tooth corn", has a very peculiar, large, elongated shape that is pointed towards one side. The ratio of the largest cross section to the smallest cross section can easily be between 2 and 6. If you apply a good of such a special shape to a sieve, the sieving takes place more randomly, i.e. the classification is subject to statistical laws. Depending on the position in which the grain comes to lie relative to the screen perforation, it may or may not fall through the perforation.

Ähnlich verhält es sich aber auch bei anderen Körnerfrüchten, wie Reis, Hafer usw... Beim Reis ist es ein Ziel der Saatgutgewinnung, Körner, welche die äußerste Schale noch aufweisen, von solchen, die geschält sind, zu trennen. Im Falle von Mais müssen die Maiskörner in Größenklassen eingeteilt werden, die nur sehr geringe Abweichungen zulassen. Der Grund besteht darin, daß Mais beim Säen als Einzelkorn gesät wird und die Körner dabei einzeln in spezielle Trommeln eingelegt und abgegeben werden. Sind die Abweichungen unter den Körnern zu groß, so werden sehr häufig zwei kleinere Körner in ein Fach der Trommel eingespeist, was zu Störungen Anlaß geben kann.The situation is similar with other grains, such as rice, oats, etc. ... With rice, it is a goal of seed production to separate grains that still have the outer shell from those that are peeled. In the case of maize, the maize kernels have to be divided into size classes that allow only very slight deviations. The reason for this is that maize is sown as a single grain when sowing and the grains are individually placed and released in special drums. If the deviations between the grains are too large, two smaller grains are very often fed into a compartment of the drum, which can give rise to faults.

Im Falle anderer Getreidesorten ist die Größe des Kornes ein Qualitätskriterium und muß als solches in möglichst engen Grenzen eingehalten werden.In the case of other types of grain, the size of the grain is a quality criterion and as such must be adhered to within the narrowest possible limits.

Die längliche Form solcher Körner darf allerdings die Größenklassierung nicht negativ beeinflussen, was dem Einsatz von Flachsieben möglicherweise entgegensteht und zu entsprechend geringen Ausbeuten führen kann. In der Praxis hat man bis heute vielfach eine etwas größere Streuung der Korngrößen in Kauf genommen. Es wurde auch die Meinung vertreten, daß die spezielle Klassieraufgabe bei Klassiergut, bei dem die Form des Einzelteiles wesentlich von der runden Form abweicht bzw. bei dem Formabweichungen auch ein Klassierkriterium darstellen, vorteilhafter mit einer rotierenden Siebtrommel gelöst werden könne. Eine Siebtrommel, die aber sowohl den Rotationseffekt (Umschichteffekt), als auch Vibrationskräfte ausnützt, ist kompliziert und auch sehr störanfällig.However, the elongated shape of such grains must not have a negative effect on the size classification, which may prevent the use of flat sieves and can lead to correspondingly low yields. In practice, a somewhat larger spread of grain sizes has been accepted up to now. There was also the opinion that the special classification task for classifying material, in which the shape of the individual part deviates significantly from the round shape or in which form deviations also represent a classification criterion, can be solved more advantageously with a rotating sieve drum. A sieve drum, which uses both the rotation effect (shifting effect) and vibration forces, is complicated and also very susceptible to failure.

In der bisher bekannten Klassiertechnik hat sich gezeigt, daß insbesondere dem Problem des Abschwimmens und des Abrollens der Klassiergutes nicht immer die erforderliche Beachtung geschenkt wurde. So neigen insbesondere Mais, Reis und Kaffeebohnen zum Abschwimmen, wobei aufgrund der Schwerpunktlage das Korn mit größeren Dimensionen in der Länge und/oder Breite eines einzelnen Kornes auf dem Sieb horizontal zu liegen kommt : in dieser Lage schwimmt das Korn dann aber mit seiner größten projezierenden Fläche über die kleinen Sieblöcher hinweg.In the previously known classification technology, it has been shown that, in particular, the problem of swimming down and unrolling the classified material was not always given the necessary attention. Corn, rice and coffee beans, in particular, tend to swim away, whereby due to the center of gravity the grain with larger dimensions in the length and / or width of a single grain comes to lie horizontally on the sieve: in this position, however, the grain floats with its largest projecting one Area over the small sieve holes.

Beim Klassieren von runden Sojabohnen wurde bisher eine verhältnismäßig geringe Schichtdicke des Gutes über dem Sieb angestrebt. Eine große Siebleistung bedeutet dann eine entsprechend schnelle Gutbewegung über das Sieb. Dabei beginnt das Sojakorn jedoch zu rollen und es neigt dazu, über die einzelnen Sieblöcher hinwegzurollen. Diese Effekte werden noch ungünstig durch wechselnde Gutbelastungen und durch die Vibration des Siebes verstärkt.When classifying round soybeans, a comparatively small layer thickness of the material above the sieve had previously been sought. A large sieving capacity then means a correspondingly quick movement of the material over the sieve. However, the soybean begins to roll and tends to roll over the individual sieve holes. These effects are exacerbated by changing loads and vibration of the sieve.

In der US-A-2187 273 wird eine Klassiervorrichtung beschrieben, die ein Rüttelsieb einsetzt, das mit brüchigem, unzulänglich vorzerkleinertem Siebgut beschickt wird. Dabei lagern sich die unzerkleinerten Teile des Siebgutes an der Oberfläche des Gutstromes ab, wo sie von mechanischen Hämmern zerkleinert werden, wobei für die Zerkleinerungsbewegung die Vibration des Rüttelsiebes eingesetzt wird. Zur Erfüllung dieser Funktion ist es aber erforderlich, daß der Gutstrom vollständig unter die Hämmer gelangt, da nur dann die gewünschte Zerkleinerungswirkung ausgeübt werden kann.In US-A-2187 273 a classifying device is described which uses a vibrating screen which is loaded with brittle, insufficiently pre-crushed screenings. The uncrushed parts of the material to be screened are deposited on the surface of the stream of material, where they are crushed by mechanical hammers, the vibration of the vibrating screen being used for the crushing movement. To fulfill this function, however, it is necessary for the flow of material to get completely under the hammers, since only then can the desired comminution effect be exerted.

Der Einsatz bekannter Klassiervorrichtungen war überdies auch meist auf die Klassierung einer nur geringen Anzahl verschiedener Klassiergüter beschränkt, da die jeweilige Klassiervorrichtung den unterschiedlichen Anforderungen des einzelnen Gutes im Interesse einer hohen Austrag-Ausbeute entsprechend angepaßt wurde.The use of known classifying devices was also mostly limited to classifying only a small number of different classifying goods, since the respective classifying device was adapted accordingly to the different requirements of the individual good in the interest of a high discharge yield.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Ausgehend von Vorstehendem liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Klassierverfahren zu finden, bei dem die Klassierung der Größe nach verbessert und der negative Einfluß von Formfaktoren des Klassiergutes möglichst weitgehend ausgeschaltet ist. Insbesondere soll aber ein Verfahren gefunden werden, das auch bei solchen Klassierprodukten den Einsatz von Flachsieben noch erlaubt, bei denen ansonsten die gewünschte Klassiergenauigkeit nicht erreicht werden konnte. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren soll sowohl in seiner Leistung als auch seiner Klassiergenauigkeit höchsten Ansprüchen genügen, ohne daß komplizierte Zusatzaufwendungen nötig wären.Based on the foregoing, the object of the invention is to find a classification method in which the classification improves in size and the negative influence of form factors of the classified material is switched off as far as possible. In particular, however, a method is to be found which, even in the case of such classification products, still permits the use of flat sieves in which the desired classification accuracy could not otherwise be achieved. The method according to the invention should meet the highest demands both in terms of its performance and its classification accuracy, without the need for complicated additional expenditure.

Weiterhin soll die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines solchen erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens finden, die für den Einsatz bei einer großen Anzahl unterschiedlichster Klassiergüter (wie Getreide, Hülsenfrüchte, Sojabohnen, Kaffeebohnen, Sämereien o.ä.)·geeignet ist und mit der eine besonders gute Klassierung erreicht werden kann, was ganz besonders bei der Gewinnung von Saatgut wichtig ist, auf dem ein wesentlicher Teil des in der landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugung möglichen Fortschrittes basiert.The invention is also intended to find a device for carrying out such a method according to the invention, which is suitable for use with a large number of very different classifying goods (such as cereals, legumes, soybeans, coffee beans, seeds or the like) and with which a particularly good classification can be achieved, which is particularly important in the extraction of seeds, on which a substantial part of the progress possible in agricultural production is based.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe bei einem Verfahren zum Klassieren von Korngut oder Saatgut durch Aufgabe des Gutes auf eine in vorzugsweise lineare Schwingungen versetzte Siebfläche, über die das Gut hinwegbewegt wird, wobei gleichzeitig auf den über die Siebfläche sich bewegenden Gutstrom an mehreren"aufeinanderfolgenden Stellen mittels mechanischer Glieder eingewirkt wird, dadurch erreicht, daß das in einer ersten Stufe von Fremdstoffen gereinigte Gut während seiner Bewegung über die Siebfläche mittels der mechanischen Glieder jeweils derart aufgestaut wird, daß im Staubereich eine die Hauptströmung des Gutes überlagernde Rückwärtsströmung entsteht.According to the invention, this object is achieved in a method for classifying grain or seed by placing the material on a sieve surface which is preferably linearly vibrated and over which the material is moved, while simultaneously moving the material flow over the sieve surface at several " successive points by means of mechanical means Limbs are acted on, in that the material cleaned in a first stage of foreign substances is accumulated during its movement over the sieve surface by means of the mechanical limbs in such a way that a reverse flow overlying the main flow of the material occurs in the accumulation area.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat in der Praxis überraschend große Erfolge ergeben. Der in der Fachwelt vorher vertretene Grundsatz, daß die Siebleistung bei verhältnismäßig geringer Schütthöhe maximal ist und mit steigender Schütthöhe abnimmt, wird bei der Erfindung völlig durchbrochen, indem dort bewußt ein wiederholter Stau verlangt wird. Bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigte sich überraschend, daß für die Siebung von unrunden Körnern nicht nur das Durchtreten durch die Sieböffnung allein in Betracht gezogen werden darf, sondern auch das Vorbereiten, d.h. das richtige Positionieren der Körner relativ zu den Sieblöchern. Im Hinblick hierauf wird beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine gezielte Kornbewegung in der Kornschicht, insbesondere auch entgegen der allgemeinen Flußrichtung des Gutes, erzielt, wodurch sich ein überraschend guter Siebeffekt ergibt. Hierdurch werden nämlich die einzelnen Körner regelrecht « aufgestellt » und können auf diese Weise mit ihrer kleinsten Querschnittsfläche durch die Sieblochung durchfallen. Körner, die z.B. in einer leichten Schräglage in Kontakt mit der Sieblochung gelangen, werden von der darüberliegenden Kornschicht regelrecht aufgestellt und mit einem leichten Druck in die Öffnung geführt. Die Produktstauung bringt insbesondere aber auch den Vorteil, daß dem Produkt wiederholt eine Rezirkulation aufgezwungen wird. Dies bedeutet, daß einem Korn in jeder Staustufe mehr als einmal Gelegenheit gegeben wird, eine günstige Position für den Durchtritt durch die Sieblochung einzunehmen.The method according to the invention has surprisingly achieved great success in practice. The principle previously represented in the specialist world that the sieving capacity is at a maximum at a relatively low dumping height and decreases with increasing dumping height is completely broken through in the invention by deliberately requiring repeated jam there. When using the method according to the invention, it was surprisingly found that not only the passage through the sieve opening alone, but also the preparation, i.e. the correct positioning of the grains relative to the screen holes. In view of this, a targeted grain movement in the grain layer is achieved in the process according to the invention, in particular also counter to the general flow direction of the material, which results in a surprisingly good sieving effect. As a result, the individual grains are literally “set up” and can thus fall through the perforated screen with their smallest cross-sectional area. Grains e.g. coming into contact with the screen perforation at a slight incline, are literally set up by the grain layer above and guided into the opening with a slight pressure. The product stowage also has the particular advantage that the product is repeatedly forced to recirculate. This means that a grain is given more than once in each barrage to take a favorable position for passage through the perforated screen.

In vorteilhafter Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Gutstrom jeweils vorzugsweise bis zu einer Höhe von 2 bis 5 cm aufgestaut und von Staustufe zu Staustufe in einem Bereich unmittelbar oberhalb der Siebfläche weitergefördert (wobei die angegebenen Höhenmaße besonders günstig für den Fall der Bearbeitung von Reis sind ; im Falle von Mais empfiehlt es sich, sogar noch mehr als 5 cm hoch aufzustauen).In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the crop stream is preferably dammed up to a height of 2 to 5 cm and conveyed from dam stage to dam stage in an area directly above the sieve surface (the height dimensions given being particularly favorable for the processing of rice; in the case of corn, it is advisable to thaw even more than 5 cm high).

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß als jeweils eine Staustufe bildendes mechanisches Glied ein mit geringem Druck gegen den Gutstrom gerichtetes Stauglied verwendet und die Größe des Durchtrittsquerschnitts in Abhängigkeit vom Gutstrom geregelt wird. Dabei kann die Auslenkung des Staugliedes mit einer progressiv anwachsenden Kraft verbunden sein. Meist wird der Durchtrittsquerschnitt eine Größe entsprechend der ein- bis dreifachen Dicke eines Einzelkornes aufweisen bzw. angenähert um einen solchen Wert pendeln ; wird momentan mehr Produkt gefördert, so soll sich der Durchtrittsquerschnitt durch entsprechende Mehröffnung anpassen können.A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in that a dam member directed at a low pressure against the crop flow is used as the mechanical member forming a dam stage and the size of the passage cross section is regulated as a function of the crop flow. The deflection of the dam member can be associated with a progressively increasing force. The passage cross-section will usually have a size corresponding to one to three times the thickness of a single grain or will oscillate approximately at such a value; if more product is being conveyed at the moment, the passage cross-section should be able to adapt by opening it accordingly.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung geht aus von einer Klassiervorrichtung mit mindestens einem ebenen Sieb, das einen bevorzugt linear wirkenden Schwingungsantrieb aufweist und auf seiner Siebfläche eine oder mehrere Förder- und Klassierungsstrecken für den zu klassierenden Gutstrom aufweist, wobei mehrere sich quer zur Sieb-Längsrichtung und in Richtung auf die Sieboberfläche hin erstreckende mechanische Glieder vorgesehen sind. Erfindungsgemäß sind dabei die mechanischen Glieder als Stauglieder zum örtlichen Aufstauen des Gutstromes auf der Sieboberfläche derart ausgebildet, daß im Staubereich eine die Hauptströmung des Gutes überlagernde Rückwärtsströmung entsteht. Eine solche erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ermöglicht es, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auszuführen und die mit ihm verbundenen Vorteile zu erreichen.The device according to the invention is based on a classifying device with at least one flat sieve, which preferably has a linearly acting vibration drive and has one or more conveying and classifying sections on its sieve surface for the material flow to be classified, several of which are transverse to the longitudinal direction of the sieve and in the direction mechanical links extending towards the screen surface are provided. According to the invention, the mechanical members are designed as damming members for the local build-up of the flow of material on the sieve surface in such a way that a backward flow overlying the main flow of the material occurs in the accumulation area. Such a device according to the invention makes it possible to carry out the method according to the invention and to achieve the advantages associated with it.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung läßt sich in verschiedener Weise vorteilhaft weiter ausbilden :

  • Besonders gute Ergebnisse lassen sich beim Klassieren erzielen, wenn in Sieblängsrichtung mindestens drei Stauglieder angeordnet sind. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß der Einsatz von bis zu sechs Staugliedern pro Meter Sieblänge eine effektive Steigerung der Siebqualität ermöglicht. Bei besonderen Klassierprodukten kann auch eine noch größere Anzahl von Staugliedern wünschenswert sein.
The device according to the invention can advantageously be further developed in various ways:
  • Particularly good results can be achieved when classifying if at least three damming elements are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the sieve. It has been shown that the use of up to six damming elements per meter of screen length enables an effective increase in the screen quality. In the case of special classification products, an even larger number of jam members may be desirable.

Für die Klassierfunktion ist es ebenfalls vor- 'teilhaft, wenn das Sieb in Längsrichtung in mindestens zwei Abteile unterteilt ist und jedes Abteil Stauglieder aufweist.For the classifying function, it is also advantageous if the screen is in the longitudinal direction is divided into at least two compartments and each compartment has dam members.

Eine besonders einfache, aber wirkungsvolle Ausführung für die Stauglieder läßt sich bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Klassiervorrichtung dadurch erreichen, daß die Stauglieder als hängende Pendeltüren, die vom Gutstrom in dessen Förderrichtung geöffnet werden können, ausgebildet sind.A particularly simple but effective design for the dam members can be achieved in a classifying device according to the invention in that the dam members are designed as hanging swing doors that can be opened by the flow of material in its conveying direction.

Es ist weiterhin von Vorteil, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Klassiervorrichtung die Neigung der Stauglieder und/oder deren Abstand von der Siebfläche einstellbar sind bzw. ist. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die im Siebkasten des Siebes angeordneten Stauglieder von außen einstellbar sind und wenn der Siebkasten zur Kontrolle der Einstellung der Stauglieder zumindest teilweise aus durchsichtigem Material, vorzugsweise durchsichtigem Kunststoff, wie z.B. Plexiglas, ausgeführt ist, wodurch sich beim Betrieb gleichzeitig auch eine Kontrolle der Klassiergüte durchführen läßt.It is also advantageous if the inclination of the damming members and / or their distance from the screen surface can be or is adjustable in a classifying device according to the invention. It is particularly advantageous if the dam members arranged in the sieve box of the sieve are adjustable from the outside and if the sieve box for controlling the setting of the dam members is at least partially made of transparent material, preferably transparent plastic, such as e.g. Plexiglas, is carried out, which means that the classification quality can also be checked during operation.

Von Vorteil ist es weiterhin, wenn die Stauglieder aus festem Gummi, Kunststoff oder aus verstärktem Stoff bestehen. Der Einsatz von Staugliedern aus Gummi von mittlerer Weichheit hat sich dabei besonders gut bewährt. Bei der Erfindung haben die Stauglieder eine Funktion, die der Art nach der eines « Vorhanges entspricht, wie dies in der Vergangenheit (allerdings nur zur Zurückhaltung von Spritzkörnern) bislang vereinzelt eingesetzt wurde. Allerdings soll die Rückhaltekraft des Staugliedes stets so groß sein, daß in allen Betriebsfällen eine Produktstauung gewährleistet ist, wobei die Höhe der Produktstauung vorteilhafterweise annähernd etwa doppelt so groß oder noch größer als die entsprechende Schichthöhe bei der bisher bekannten normalen Siebtechnik gewählt werden sollte.It is also advantageous if the dam members are made of solid rubber, plastic or reinforced material. The use of congestion links made of rubber of medium softness has proven particularly good. In the case of the invention, the dam members have a function which corresponds to that of a curtain, as has been used in the past (but only to hold back spray particles). However, the retention force of the damming member should always be so great that product stagnation is ensured in all operating cases, the height of the product stowage should advantageously be approximately approximately twice as large or even greater than the corresponding layer height in the previously known normal sieving technology.

Die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Klassieren von Sojabohnen, die nahezu kugelförmige Gestalt haben, führte zu erheblich verbesserten Klassierergebnissen als dies mit bisher bekannten Verfahren möglich war. Auch im Falle eines Klassierens von Kaffeebohnen (deren Klassieren wesentlich von der Größe der Bohnen bestimmt wird) konnte bei Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine sehr wirtschaftliche Klassierung der einzelnen Kaffeequalitäten erzielt werden.The use of the method according to the invention for classifying soybeans, which have an almost spherical shape, led to considerably improved classification results than was possible with previously known methods. Even in the case of classifying coffee beans (the classification of which is largely determined by the size of the beans), a very economical classification of the individual coffee qualities could be achieved when using the method or the device according to the invention.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnungen im Prinzip beispielshalber noch näher erläutert. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 eine diagrammatische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Klassierverfahrens ;
  • Figur 2 eine erfindungsgemäße Klassiervorrichtung ;
  • Figur3 ein einzelnes Sieb zum Einsatz bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Klassiervorrichtung, das mit fünf Staugliedern versehen ist ;
  • Figur 4 eine Darstellung der Anordnung der Stauglieder und der Längsleisten ;
  • Figur 5 bauliche Einzelheiten eines Staugliedes ;
  • Figur 5 eine prinzipielle Strömungsdarstellung des Produktstromes bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ;
  • Figur 7 eine Prinzipdarstellung der Funktionsweise im Bereich einer einzelnen Siebzone ;
  • Figur 8 eine andere Ausführungsform für ein Stauglied.
The invention is explained in more detail in principle by way of example with reference to the drawings. Show it :
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the classification method according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 shows a classifying device according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 is a single screen for use in a classifying device according to the invention, which is provided with five dam members;
  • Figure 4 shows the arrangement of the damming members and the longitudinal strips;
  • Figure 5 structural details of a dam member;
  • FIG. 5 shows a basic flow representation of the product flow in a method and a device according to the invention;
  • FIG. 7 shows a basic illustration of the mode of operation in the region of an individual screening zone;
  • Figure 8 shows another embodiment for a dam member.

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungenDetailed description of the drawings

In Figur 1 ist im Prinzip das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gezeigt, bei dem, auf an sich bekannte Weise, das zu klassierende Produkt zuerst in einer Stufe 1 gereinigt und dann in der eigentlichen Klassierstufe 2 in die gewünschten GröBenklassen getrennt wird. Das Klassiersieb wird auf diese Art und Weise durch unerwünschte Beimengungen von vorneherein nicht belastet. Das Klassiersieb weist mehrere Ausgänge auf.In principle, the method according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1, in which, in a manner known per se, the product to be classified is first cleaned in a stage 1 and then in the actual classification stage 2 into the desired size classes. In this way, the classifying screen is not burdened from the outset by undesirable additives. The classifying screen has several outputs.

In Figur 2 ist eine Siebvorrichtung 4 mit zwei parallelen Abteilen 5 und 6 dargestellt, die durch einen Zwischenboden 7 getrennt sind. Die Siebvorrichtung 4 ist als Ganzes in ihrer Neigung (a) verstellbar. Entsprechend sind auch die Schemateile 8 und 9 im Kopfteil 10 der Siebvorrichtung 4 sowie die notwendigen Schemateile 12 im Fußteil 11 der Siebvorrichtung angeordnet. Der Strom des Klassiergutes, z.B. ein Getreidestrom oder ein Strom von Kaffeebohnen, wird in die Siebvorrichtung 4 über die Einläufe 13 und 14 des Kopfteiles 10 eingespeist.In Figure 2, a screening device 4 is shown with two parallel compartments 5 and 6, which are separated by an intermediate floor 7. The inclination (a) of the sieve device 4 as a whole is adjustable. Correspondingly, the scheme parts 8 and 9 are arranged in the head part 10 of the screening device 4 and the necessary scheme parts 12 in the foot part 11 of the screening device. The flow of the classified material, e.g. a grain flow or a flow of coffee beans is fed into the sieving device 4 via the inlets 13 and 14 of the head part 10.

Der Durchfall der Siebe 15 bzw. 15 wird jeweils über einen Auslauf 17 bzw. 19 und der Abstoß der Siebe 15 bzw. 16 jeweils über einen Auslauf 18 bzw. 20 weitergeleitet. Die Siebvorrichtung 4 weist Stauglieder 21 auf, welche die gesamt Siebzone bzw. die entsprechende Verfahrenszone jeweils in mehrere Einheiten aufteilen.The diarrhea of the sieves 15 and 15 is passed on via an outlet 17 and 19, and the repulsion of the sieves 15 and 16 in each case via an outlet 18 and 20. The sieve device 4 has damming members 21 which divide the entire sieve zone or the corresponding process zone into several units.

Ein Vibrator P, in Figur 2 symbolisch als Elektromagnet dargestellt, versetzt die Siebvorrichtung 4 in Schwingung. Anstelle des Elektromagneten können in der Praxis gleichfalls auch Unwuchtvibratoren eingesetzt werden, die in der Neigung (ß) verstellbar sind und durch geeigneten Anbau eine, vorzugsweise lineare, Schwingbewegung erzeugen können.A vibrator P, symbolically represented in FIG. 2 as an electromagnet, sets the sieve device 4 in vibration. Instead of the electromagnet, unbalance vibrators can also be used in practice, the inclination (β) of which can be adjusted and which, by suitable attachment, can produce a, preferably linear, oscillating movement.

Figur 3 zeigt ein einzelnes Sieb 30, das mit fünf Staugliedern 21 versehen ist. Der Siebboden besteht aus einer Siebfläche 31 und einem Drahtgeflecht 32, die beide einen Hohlraum 33 ausbilden, in dem sich Kugeln 34 zur laufenden Reinigung des Siebes 30 befinden.Figure 3 shows a single screen 30 which is provided with five dam members 21. The sieve bottom consists of a sieve surface 31 and a wire mesh 32, both of which form a cavity 33 in which balls 34 are located for the continuous cleaning of the sieve 30.

In Figur 4 ist die Zusammenstellung der Stauglieder 21 dargestellt : zwei Holzleisten 40 trennen als Längsleisten die gesamt Siebzone in drei Längskanäle und sind mit Schrauben 42 auf einem Sieb 43 befestigt.FIG. 4 shows the combination of the dam members 21: two wooden strips 40 separate the entire sieve zone into three longitudinal channels as longitudinal strips and are fastened to a sieve 43 with screws 42.

Figur 5 zeigt die Darstellung eines Staugliedes 53. In einer Holzleiste 50 werden Schrauben 51 angebracht und mittels Muttern 52 befestigt. Das eigentliche Stauglied 53 wird über ein Winkeleisen 54 mit der Schraube 51 verbunden. Dabei ist das Winkeleisen 54 durch Muttern 55 und 56 fixiert. Je nach Produkt und durchfließender Produktmenge, d.h. nach gewünschter Stundenleistung, kann das Winkeleisen 54 und somit das Stauglied 53 in seiner Höhenlage 57 (relativ zum Sieb) verstellt werden. Das Stauglied 53 ist vorteilhafterweise aus Materialien wie Gummi, Kunststoff, verstärkten bzw. steifen Geweben und - in Sonderfällen - auch aus Blech gefertigt. Wesentlich ist dabei, daß das Stauglied 53 dem Produktstrom einen Widerstand entgegensetzt, durch den es einen gewissen Staueffekt verursachen kann. Ggf. kann schon ein einzelnes Stauglied 53 auf einer Siebfläche zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung des Klassierens führen.FIG. 5 shows the representation of a dam member 53. Screws 51 are attached in a wooden strip 50 and fastened by means of nuts 52. The actual dam member 53 is angled sen 54 connected to the screw 51. The angle iron 54 is fixed by nuts 55 and 56. Depending on the product and the quantity of product flowing through, that is, on the desired hourly output, the angle iron 54 and thus the dam member 53 can be adjusted in its height 57 (relative to the sieve). The dam member 53 is advantageously made of materials such as rubber, plastic, reinforced or rigid fabrics and - in special cases - also of sheet metal. It is essential that the damming element 53 opposes the product flow with a resistance, through which it can cause a certain damming effect. Possibly. Even a single dam member 53 on a screen surface can lead to a significant improvement in the classification.

Im Falle des Einsatzes von elastischen Staugliedern, z.B. aus Gummi, stellt sich der Abstand (X) zwischen Stauglied und Siebfläche von selbst ein.In the case of the use of elastic dam members, e.g. made of rubber, the distance (X) between the dam member and the sieve surface adjusts itself.

Die Stauglieder könnten aber auch als an Scharnieren hängende, vom Produktstrom in Produktflußrichtung auslenkbare Pendelklappen ausgebildet sein, wodurch sich eine einfache, aber wirkungsvolle Selbstregulierung des Durchtrittsquerschnitts in Abhängigkeit von der Stärke des Produktflusses ebenfalls erzielen läßt.The dam members could, however, also be designed as pendulum flaps hanging on hinges and deflectable by the product flow in the direction of product flow, whereby a simple but effective self-regulation of the passage cross-section can also be achieved depending on the strength of the product flow.

In Figur 6 ist eine schematische Darstellung zum Bewegungsablauf des Stromes des Klassiergutes gezeigt. Die ganze Siebzone wird durch die verschiedenen Stauglieder in eine Anzahl einzelner Verfahrenszonen 60 unterteilt. Die Hauptproduktströmung entlang dem Sieb wird dabei in den einzelnen Verfahrenszonen von einer Rückwärtsströmung überlagert.FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the sequence of movements of the flow of the classified material. The entire screening zone is divided into a number of individual processing zones 60 by the various damming members. The main product flow along the screen is overlaid by a backward flow in the individual process zones.

Figur 7 zeigt die Funktionsweise einer einzelnen Siebzone :Figure 7 shows how a single screen zone works:

Das Stauglied 61 staut dabei den Produktstrom, wobei die einzelnen Körner eine senkrechte Bewegung nach oben ausführen und dann aufgrund der (linearen) Schwingung des Siebkastens rückwärts entsprechend der Richtung des Pfeiles 62 bewegt werden. Zum besseren Verständnis sind in Figur 7 nur links vom Stauglied 61 Körner dargestellt, rechts hingegen nur ein Siebboden ohne Körner (obwohl dort im praktischen Verfahren selbstverständlich Körner vorliegen). Die Längsrichtung ist dabei durch den Pfeil L dargestellt.The damming member 61 jams the product flow, the individual grains performing a vertical movement upwards and then being moved backwards in accordance with the direction of the arrow 62 due to the (linear) vibration of the sieve box. For a better understanding, 61 grains are only shown on the left of the damming element in FIG. 7, on the other hand only a sieve plate without grains on the right (although grains are of course present in the practical process). The longitudinal direction is shown by the arrow L.

Figur 8 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform für ein Stauglied, das hier in Form einer Bürste 65, vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff, ausgebildet ist, die über dem Siebboden 67 angebracht ist.FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment for a dam member, which here is in the form of a brush 65, preferably made of plastic, which is attached above the sieve bottom 67.

Die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ergibt sich wie folgt :The functioning of the device according to the invention is as follows:

Das Produkt wird über den Einlauf in die Siebvorrichtung 4 eingegeben. Durch die Stauglieder wird die ganze Siebzone in mehrere einzelne Einheiten unterteilt, wobei Figur 7 sehr anschaulich die Funktionsweise innerhalb einer einzelnen Einheit zeigt. Der Produktfluß wird über die Stauglieder gestaut, wodurch sich die einzelnen Körner senkrecht nach oben bewegen ; dabei werden sie durch die Vorwärtsbewegung einer untersten Kornlage einerseits und die Linearbewegung der Siebvorrichtung 4 andererseits wieder rückwärts befördert (vgl. Figur. 7). Die sich aufstauenden Körner hemmen die unterste Kornlage in der Vorwärtsbewegung, wodurch ein Überrolleffekt entsteht. Die Körner der untersten Kornlage werden regelmäßig in eine senkrechte Lage gebracht und fallen über ihren kleinsten Querschnitt durch die Sieblochung hindurch nach unten.The product is fed into the screening device 4 via the inlet. The dam members divide the entire sieve zone into several individual units, with FIG. 7 very clearly showing how it works within a single unit. The product flow is jammed over the damming members, whereby the individual grains move vertically upwards; they are conveyed backwards by the forward movement of a lowermost grain layer on the one hand and the linear movement of the screening device 4 on the other hand (cf. FIG. 7). The accumulating grains inhibit the lowest grain position in the forward movement, which creates a rollover effect. The grains of the lowest grain layer are regularly brought into a vertical position and fall down over their smallest cross-section through the perforated sieve.

Eine Seitenwand der Siebvorrichtung wird vorzugsweise aus Plexiglas gebildet. Da die Stauglieder, etwa gemäß der Ausführungsform nach Figur 5, in ihrer Höhenlage verstellbar sind, kann sowohl aufgrund der Beobachtung durch die Bedienungsperson wie auch aufgrund der Siebleistung eine Einstellung solange erfolgen, bis die gewünschte Kornbewegung in den einzelnen Siebzonen optimal ist, d.h. bis die höchste Klassierleistung auftritt.A side wall of the screening device is preferably formed from plexiglass. Since the dam members, for example according to the embodiment according to FIG. 5, can be adjusted in their height, an adjustment can be made both on the basis of the observation by the operator and on the basis of the sieving performance until the desired grain movement in the individual sieving zones is optimal, i.e. until the highest classification performance occurs.

Die Stauglieder lassen sich auch leicht auswechseln. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Rückhaltekraft der Stauglieder den Fließeigenschaften des Produkts anzupassen und dadurch verschiedene Produkte optimal zu klassieren. Der Einsatz von bis zu sechs Staugliedern pro Meter Sieblänge hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Gleichfalls vorteilhaft ist es, die Siebneigung und die Vibrationsstärke dem jeweiligen Einzatzfall anpaßbar auszuführen. Dabei ist eine besonders wirksame Ausnutzung der Siebneigungseinstellung gegeben, weil das Produkt bei größerer Schräglage nicht einfach als Abstoß davonschwimmen kann.The dam members can also be easily replaced. This makes it possible to adapt the retention force of the damming elements to the flow properties of the product and thereby optimally classify different products. The use of up to six damming elements per meter of screen length has proven to be particularly advantageous. It is also advantageous to make the sieve inclination and the vibration intensity adaptable to the respective application. A particularly effective use of the sieve inclination setting is given because the product cannot simply swim away as a push-off in the case of a larger inclined position.

Claims (11)

1. Process for classifying seed or grain material by feeding the material on to a preferably linearly oscillating planar screen area (15, 16 ; 31 ; 43 ; 67) over which the material is moved, whilet simultaneously at a plurality of successive points mechanical members (21 ; 53 ; 61 ; 65) act on the material flow moving over the screen area (15, 16 ; 31 ; 43 ; 67), characterized in that the material, from which impurities have been removed in a first stage, during its movement over the screen area (15, 16 ; 31 ; 43 ; 67) is in each case dammed back by means of the mechanical members (21 ; 53 ; 61 ; 65) so that a rearward flow superimposed on the main material flow occurs in the dammed-back area.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that in each case the material flow is preferably dammed back to a height of 2 to 5 cm and between the individual dammed-back stages is conveyed on in an area immediately above the screen area (15, 16 ; 31 ; 43 ; 67).
3. Process according to claim 2, characterized in that the mechanical member which in each case forms a dammed-back stage in constituted by a damming back member (21 ; 53 ; 61 ; 65) directed with limited pressure against the material flow and the size (x) of the passage cross- section is regulated as a function of the material flow.
4. Classifier with at least one planar screen having a preferably linearly acting oscillatory drive (P) and on its screen area (15, 16 ; 31 ; 143 ; 67) one or more conveying and classifying sections for the material flow to be classified, with a plurality of mechanical members (21 ; 54 ; 61 ; 65) extending at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the screen and in the direction towards the screen surface, particularly for performing the process of claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical members are constructed as damming-back members (21 ; 52 ; 61 ; 65) for the local damming back of the material flow on the screen area (15, 16 ; 31 ; 43 ; 67) in such a way that a rearward flow superimposed on the main material flow occurs in the dammed-back area.
5. Classifier according to claim 4, characterized in that at least three damming-back members (21 ; 53 ; 61 ; 65) are provided in the longitudinal direction of the screen.
6. Classifier according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the damming-back members (53) are constructed as suspended swing doors, which can be opened by the material flow in the feed direction thereof.
7. Classifier according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that in the longitudinal direction the screen is subdivided into at least two compartments (5, 6) and that each compartment has damming-back members (21).
8. Classifier according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the slope of the damming-back members (21 ; 53 ; 61 ; 65) and/or their spacing (57) from the screen area (15, 16 ; 31 ; 43 ; 67) is and/or are adjustable.
9. Classifier according to claim 8, characterized in that the damming-back members (53) arranged in the screen frame of the screen are adjustable from the outside and that for checking the setting of the damming-back members (53) the screen frame is at least partly made from transparent material.
10. Classifier according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the damming-back members (21 ; 53 ; 61 ; 65) are constructed as rigidly mounted damming-back strips of elastic material.
11. Classifier according to claims 4 or 5, characterised in that the damming-back members (21 ; 53 ; 61) consist of rubber, plastic or of reinforced fabric.
EP19800900550 1979-03-05 1980-09-24 Process for sorting grain or seed material and sorting plant Expired EP0020761B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80900550T ATE1168T1 (en) 1979-03-05 1980-03-05 GRAIN OR SEED CLASSIFICATION METHOD AND CLASSIFICATION DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH212779 1979-03-05
CH2127/79 1979-03-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0020761A1 EP0020761A1 (en) 1981-01-07
EP0020761B1 true EP0020761B1 (en) 1982-06-09

Family

ID=4226503

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800200342 Expired EP0015633B1 (en) 1979-03-05 1980-03-05 Method and apparatus for grading grains or seeds
EP19800900550 Expired EP0020761B1 (en) 1979-03-05 1980-09-24 Process for sorting grain or seed material and sorting plant

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800200342 Expired EP0015633B1 (en) 1979-03-05 1980-03-05 Method and apparatus for grading grains or seeds

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EP (2) EP0015633B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS56500324A (en)
BR (1) BR8007232A (en)
DE (1) DE3060512D1 (en)
DK (1) DK419980A (en)
WO (1) WO1980001885A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4302360A1 (en) * 1993-01-28 1994-08-04 Zimmermann Wolfgang Mixing devices for sieves
JP2660664B2 (en) * 1994-07-11 1997-10-08 新キャタピラー三菱株式会社 Excavation sieve sorting equipment for self-propelled vehicles for work
DK0975457T3 (en) * 1997-04-17 2001-12-17 Metso Panelboard Gmbh Device for fractionation and scattering, in particular, of fiber particles
NL1012513C2 (en) * 1999-07-05 2001-01-08 Kaliwaal Bijland B V Strain.
DE102007052473A1 (en) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-07 Schott Solar Gmbh Method and device for screening out particles
CN108480215B (en) * 2018-06-07 2024-03-26 福建天天源生物科技有限公司 Lifting type mushroom sorting device
CN112517391A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-19 楼小莲 Seed edulcoration drying device for agricultural
CN113019927B (en) * 2021-04-22 2022-03-11 河南农业大学 Lotus seed full-shrivelled screening plant
CN115254625B (en) * 2022-08-08 2023-08-25 中建一局集团第五建筑有限公司 Sand and stone screening device for building based on layered structure and screening method thereof
CN117563945B (en) * 2024-01-17 2024-04-19 吉林省向宇农副产品有限公司 Screening machine is used in melon seed processing

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BE389758A (en) *
DE282289C (en) *
DE555642C (en) * 1932-07-27 Edwin Goodwin Steele Sorting hearth for grain or the like.
US1523389A (en) * 1923-01-29 1925-01-20 Otto F Beythan Grain sorting and cleaning machine
FR648206A (en) * 1927-10-03 1928-12-06 Automatic machine making it possible to obtain, separated from the shells and classified, almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts and other already broken fruits
US1981081A (en) * 1931-06-22 1934-11-20 Lowe E Simpson Sifting apparatus
US2187273A (en) * 1937-07-12 1940-01-16 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Hammer screen
US2954124A (en) * 1957-02-06 1960-09-27 Roy N Young Separator
US3844411A (en) * 1972-09-25 1974-10-29 M Lewis Object segregating mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK419980A (en) 1980-10-03
EP0015633A1 (en) 1980-09-17
DE3060512D1 (en) 1982-07-29
EP0015633B1 (en) 1981-11-25
EP0020761A1 (en) 1981-01-07
WO1980001885A1 (en) 1980-09-18
BR8007232A (en) 1981-02-03
JPS56500324A (en) 1981-03-19

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