Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
  • F01L3/10—Connecting springs to valve members
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
  • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
  • F01L1/46—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups
  • F01L1/462—Valve return spring arrangements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
  • F01L2301/02—Using ceramic materials
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements

Definitions

• the invention relates to a valve spring plate for valves of engines, and a method for its production.
• valve spring plate for a motor is used, among other things, to accommodate the end of a valve spring.
• valve spring plates are subject to enormous stresses due to load changes, surface wear and thermal fluctuations Usually, the valve is driven directly by the movement of a cam, for example. To increase the speed and thus the power of a motor, the weight of the valve spring plate is a limiting factor.
• Valve spring plates made of steel are used in most engines because this material still has excellent durability and abrasion resistance.
• Lighter valve spring plates reduce the oscillating and highly accelerated masses, thus causing smaller towing power and higher speed dynamics, as required, among other things, high-revving two-wheeled engines.
• each valve actuation causes a change in length of the associated valve spring and thus a slight rotational relative movement in the contact surface with the valve spring plate. This causes a predominantly abrasive wear, so that the material must have appropriate abrasion resistance.
• valve spring plates in lightweight construction, wherein the valve spring retainer has a punched out, a stiffening collar and an enforcement ( DE 44 21 408 A1 ).
• valve spring plate made of fiber-reinforced plastic or thermoplastic liquid crystal polymers is known, wherein the reinforcing fibers or the polymer chains must be oriented in a defined direction.
• valve spring plates do not have the necessary durability and durability during operation.
• EP 0 693 615 A For example, a valve spring plate made of an aluminum-based alloy is known, which is produced by cold forging, followed by partial melting heat treatment and a subsequent aging step at 150 to 200 ° C. Further processing is done by drumming. To give a rust protection of the molding is treated further.
• Out EP 0 864 731 A is a made of an Al alloy valve spring plate known that produced by cold forging process and aging process by non-machining further processing. Although the original properties are to be retained by the shape of the further processing, this valve spring retainer, like the previously described valve spring retainer, also has too low durability, abrasion resistance and service life for continuous operation.
• EP 1 586 668 A is known a valve spring plate, which is made of a titanium alloy.
• the object of the invention was to provide a valve spring retainer and a method for its production, wherein the valve spring retainer has low weight, high durability and abrasion resistance and is thus suitable To allow speed increase of an engine and thus significantly increase its effectiveness.
• the invention therefore relates to a valve spring plate for engines, characterized in that it consists of a ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy.
• the reinforcing material may be in the form of particles or fibers. If the reinforcing material is in the form of particles, the particle size is preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m. If the reinforcing material is in the form of fibers, the fiber length is preferably 1.3 to 7 ⁇ m.
• the proportion of reinforcing material in the alloy is preferably 10 to 45% by volume, more preferably 20-30% by volume.
• alloys which are reinforced with the reinforcing material, alloys are preferred which consist of 91.2-94.7% by weight of aluminum, 1.2-1.8% by weight of magnesium, max. 0.1% by weight chromium, max. 0.25% by weight of Zn, 0.3-0.09% by weight of manganese, max. 0.2% by weight silicon, max. 0.3% by weight of iron, max. 0.15% by weight of titanium and 3.8-4.9% by weight of copper, in addition to max. 0.15% by weight of other constituents (common impurities).
• Aluminum alloy (matrix material) Al 2124 Particularly suitable as aluminum alloy (matrix material) Al 2124.
• the ceramic-reinforced aluminum alloy is preheated to a temperature of 400-550 ° C.
• the preheat temperature is in a range of 450 to 520 ° C.
• the material is heated until it is completely warmed up.
• the material is also kept for a short time after the complete heating at the preheating temperature.
• the forging process is preferably carried out at tool temperatures of 150 to 360, more preferably 285 - 310 ° C to prevent the cooling of the aluminum alloy during the forging process.
• the other parameters of the forging process such as forging stroke speed, pressing pressure and the like, depend on the forging tool used.
• a coated forging tool is used to ensure a long life of the tool at the required high temperatures of the alloy to be deformed. Suitable coatings are, for example, TiN, TiAlN, TiCN, CrN, AlCrN, polycrystalline diamond, Ni, Cr, CrCN and the like, or also combinations of these coating materials.
• the formed valve spring plate is subjected to a heat treatment.
• the shaped valve spring plate is optionally subjected to a solution annealing process at a temperature of 400-550 ° C.
• the time of expertsglühvorgangs is about 5 to 40 min.
• the valve spring plate is cooled rapidly, preferably maintained by quenching with water and then for a certain period of time at a defined constant temperature.
• the temperature is preferably between 20 to 220 ° C, preferably 20 to 200 ° C.
• the period of time is preferably 10 to 360 hours, preferably 12 to 250 hours.
• the heat treatment has a positive influence on the structure of the formed alloy and thus on the mechanical and physical properties of the valve spring plate.
• valve spring plate produced in this way is provided with a coating for increasing the abrasion resistance, the mechanical resistance and the corrosion resistance.
• the coating takes place in a cooled acid electrolyte, wherein the workpiece is switched as an anode and oxidized in the course of the treatment on the surface.
• the surface of the valve spring plate changes into a ceramic-like layer, which consists predominantly of amorphous aluminum oxide.
• the material was heated to a temperature of 497 ° C for 20 min, the material was completely warmed up after 15 min.
• the forging process was carried out at a mold temperature of 300 ° C.
• the forging press used was a forging press with a press force of 200 t.
• test configuration Force introduction quasi-static over the valve stem.
• the sample holder acts as a substitute for the spring as an abutment, the fürdorn initiates the axial force on the valve stem.
• Preload 500N Test speed 4mm / min Abort after reaching the maximum force Status Axial maximum force (s) Axial displacement at maximum force (mm) T1 6293 0.58 T4 8372 0.98 T6 7936 1.19
• Each 4 valve spring plates were usually installed in a prepared motorcycle engine, 2 on intake valves and 2 on exhaust valves.
• Drive Electric motor, which held the crankshaft at a defined speed, which in turn was coupled via chain drive with the camshaft. The camshaft acted on rocker arms and thus generated the oscillating valve movement.
• round steel plates shims were used. It was started with a crankshaft speed of 12,000 / min, after one hour of visual inspection and an increase in speed by 100 / min. The last reached speed was 14000 / min Status Load change (x10 6 ) operating hours T1 Hart Coat® 8.5 21, 8 T6 Hart Coat® 8.5 21, 8

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

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Citations (15)

• 2009
  • 2009-09-10 EP EP09011575A patent/EP2166200A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (16)

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