EP2072141A2 - Précipitateur électrostatique avec dispositif de sécurité - Google Patents

Précipitateur électrostatique avec dispositif de sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2072141A2
EP2072141A2 EP08021638A EP08021638A EP2072141A2 EP 2072141 A2 EP2072141 A2 EP 2072141A2 EP 08021638 A EP08021638 A EP 08021638A EP 08021638 A EP08021638 A EP 08021638A EP 2072141 A2 EP2072141 A2 EP 2072141A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
contact
channel
channel wall
holder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08021638A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2072141A3 (fr
EP2072141B8 (fr
EP2072141B1 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Dr. Steiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2072141A2 publication Critical patent/EP2072141A2/fr
Publication of EP2072141A3 publication Critical patent/EP2072141A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2072141B1 publication Critical patent/EP2072141B1/fr
Publication of EP2072141B8 publication Critical patent/EP2072141B8/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of a heating system, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heating system for generating energy by burning an energy source with an electrostatic precipitator according to the preamble of claim 8. In addition concerns The invention relates to a method for the protection against uncontrolled discharges of an electric field-generating electrode of an electrostatic precipitator of a heating system according to claim 9.
  • the fine dust from the biomass combustion in contrast to the dust from the combustion of fossil fuels mainly from salts such as potassium and calcium compounds. Due to the large amount of fine dust emissions and legal regulations for wood combustion systems such as the Federal Immission Control Act (B1mSchG), the limit values for fine dust emissions are to be lowered.
  • the required fine dust reduction can be achieved, for example, by means of an exhaust gas aftertreatment with electrostatic precipitators.
  • electrostatic precipitators are characterized in particular by a low pressure loss, a high separation efficiency, ie a high proportion of separated exhaust particles from a particle stream, and low operating costs.
  • An emission control system which is used for biomass heating systems to reduce particulate matter emission.
  • the device described therein can be installed in a flue gas channel and for this purpose has a lid which can be placed gas-tight on an associated opening on a flue gas channel.
  • a spray electrode for example in the form of a tensioned rod, is held over an insulating holder.
  • a high-voltage transformer with rectifier function allows the construction of a high DC voltage between the wire and the lid, which is electrically connected to the furnace tube, so that it acts as a collector electrode.
  • Such an electrostatic filter with a spray electrode and a collector electrode is known as an electrostatic precipitator.
  • This is used for exhaust gas purification in an exhaust pipe of a heating system.
  • a capacitor is formed by the spray, which runs approximately centrally through the exhaust pipe and therefore also referred to as the center electrode, and a peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe, which is also referred to as a cylindrical capacitor in a cylindrical tube-shaped design of the exhaust pipe.
  • the spray or center electrode generally has a circular cross section in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, wherein the diameter of the cross section or the radius of curvature is generally formed relatively small, for example, less than 0.4 mm.
  • a field extending transversely to the flow direction is formed by field lines from the center electrode to the collector electrode through the center electrode and the collector electrode formed by the lateral surface.
  • a high voltage is applied to the center electrode, for example in the range of 15 kV.
  • a corona discharge is formed, through which the particles flowing through the field in the exhaust gas are charged in a unipolar manner. Due to this charge, most of the particles migrate through the electrostatic Coulomb forces to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, which serves as a collector electrode.
  • the particles are electrostatically charged by the corona discharge which forms along the surface of the electrode. This is done at the molecular level by the following process: Is the electrode z. B. compared to the exhaust pipe to negative high voltage, so a large number of gas molecules is negatively charged. They move in the electric field applied by the electrode and the exhaust pipe in the direction of the exhaust pipe. If these meet on their way through the exhaust pipe to electrically neutral particles, they stick to these and charge the previously neutral particles also negative. The charged particles flow, driven by electrostatic deflection forces, to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe. Here the particles stick, lose their charge and are safely removed from the exhaust stream.
  • Burning produces bipolar charged particles.
  • the distribution is symmetric, d. h., there are the same number of positive as negatively charged particles.
  • the number of charged particles is reduced by approx. 10% per second due to coagulation, there are still more than 10% charged particles at the electrostatic precipitator (corresponding to about one to two seconds of particle flying time from the place of combustion).
  • the electrostatic precipitator corresponding to about one to two seconds of particle flying time from the place of combustion.
  • a disadvantage of the electrostatic precipitators according to the prior art is that after a longer operating time, a continuous degradation of the corona current can occur at a constant high voltage. As a result, the charging efficiency of the electrode decreases, which in turn reduces the separation efficiency of the entire system.
  • the electrode must be cleaned manually or automatically. This can cause damage come because the charge supply to the electrode is not always interrupted or the electrode is not always charge-free when moving out of its ready position.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrostatic precipitator, which overcomes this disadvantage and in particular allows a safe moving out of the electrode from its ready position, without causing uncontrolled discharge or charge transfer from the electrode. Further, the invention has for its object to provide a heating system with a separator according to the invention, which allows reliable electrode maintenance. In addition, the invention has for its object to provide a method by which a safe electrode maintenance is realized.
  • the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention is characterized in that in an electrostatic precipitator, in particular for an exhaust pipe of a heating system, with a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which a particulate-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, and in the channel interior substantially extending in the flow direction, removable from the flow channel electrode to form an electric field between the electrode and the channel wall.
  • the electrode is detachably attached to the channel wall via an electrode holder contacting the channel wall.
  • a safety device is included, which prevents electrical charge from being supplied when a contact between the electrode holder and the channel wall of the electrode is removed.
  • the securing device further comprises a discharge device, which causes an at least partial discharge of the electrode when the contact is removed. Due to this discharge device residual charge, which is located at the electrode, discharged controlled, so that a safe moving out of the electrode is possible.
  • the discharge device is designed as a short-circuit means to a short circuit between the electrode and a cause grounded part.
  • the grounded part may be the channel wall or any other grounded component.
  • the short circuit realizes a complete discharge of the electrode.
  • the securing device has a contact monitoring unit which monitors the contact between the electrode holder and the channel wall and signals a cancellation of the contact. As a result, each release of the electrode is detected and appropriate measures for safe removal of the electrode can be initiated.
  • the contact monitoring unit comprises at least one sensor. This is selected from the group comprising capacitance sensors for measuring an electrical capacitance, acoustic sensors for acoustic measurement, optical sensors for optical measurement, magnetic sensors for magnetic measurement and the like.
  • the securing device is designed as a switch, which interrupts a charge supply feeding the electrode when the contact is removed. As a result, a charge supply is immediately interrupted and a discharge of the remaining charge to the electrode can be initiated and carried out.
  • the securing device has a control unit, via which the charge supply supplying the electrode is controllable, in particular lockable.
  • the heating system is characterized in that for generating energy by burning of an energy source such as biomass with a particulate matter emitting heating system, such as a biomass heating system, for burning the energy carrier, wherein particle-containing exhaust gases are formed, and comprising an electrostatic precipitator in an exhaust pipe a flow channel having a channel wall and a channel inside, through which the particle-containing exhaust gas flows in a flow direction, an electrode extending in the channel interior substantially in the flow direction and an electrode feed to feed the electrode is provided.
  • the electrode feed is at least partially encased with an insulator.
  • the electrostatic precipitator is formed according to the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention, namely with a safety device which prevents electrical charge being applied when the contact between the electrode holder and the channel wall of the electrode is removed.
  • the inventive method is characterized in that in the method for protecting against uncontrolled discharges of an electrode of an electrostatic precipitator, in particular when releasing the held over an electrode holder spray electrode of a channel wall of a flow channel, the steps of: monitoring a contact between the electrode holder and the Kanalwandung and interrupting a charge supply to the electrode at a cancellation of the contact. In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of discharging the electrode after canceling the contact.
  • the securing device reliably and reliably detects detachment of the electrode.
  • the electrode is securely arranged in the flow channel.
  • the electrode is released and must be moved out of the flow channel.
  • the electrode must be disconnected from a charge source, such as a high voltage power supply, and the rest of the charge removed from the electrode to prevent uncontrolled discharge and possible damage. This is realized by the securing device.
  • a charge source such as a high voltage power supply
  • the electrode is designed as an electrical switch.
  • the electrode holder of the electrode is attached to a flow channel formed as a stovepipe, for example by means of screws, gluing or the like.
  • the furnace tube and the electrode holder are preferably metallic in their contact region and the metallic contact is used as a switch.
  • a further embodiment provides that the contact between the electrode holder and the stovepipe is permanently detected via the high-voltage supply by detecting the electrical capacitance of the earth potential.
  • the electrical capacitance of the ground potential changes due to the change in the metallic mass of the electrode holder relative to the system electrode support stovepipe.
  • the high voltage power supply is turned off and the charge dissipated, that is grounded.
  • the contact between the electrode holder and the furnace tube is acoustically detected.
  • a sounder such as an ultrasound generator
  • the system is excited electrode holder stovepipe with appropriate vibrations.
  • the resonance frequency of the oscillating, excited system changes. This change is detected and generates a corresponding signal.
  • the charge supply is interrupted and existing charge dissipated.
  • the contact between the holder and the furnace tube is optically monitored. Upon release of the electrode holder from the furnace tube, the optical change is detected and the release signaled accordingly. On the basis of signaling, a charge supply interruption and a grounding occur.
  • the procedure can be used for manual maintenance as well as for automated maintenance.
  • the electrode After detaching the electrode holder from the furnace tube, the electrode must be moved out of the furnace tube for maintenance. This is preferably done through an opening in the furnace tube.
  • the opening can be loosely closed by a closure element which is electrically conductive with the furnace tube, for example a loose wire mesh.
  • the electrode When moving out of the electrode, the electrode forcibly contacts the closure element, so that a short circuit is caused by the electrical connection with the grounded stovepipe. Due to the short circuit between the electrode and the furnace tube, a discharge or a kind of forced earthing takes place.
  • the contact between the closure element and the electrode additionally removes the adhering fine dust. The fine dust is stripped off from the electrode by contact with the closure element, which is designed in the manner of a curtain.
  • the drawing shows an embodiment of the invention and shows in the single figure schematically a longitudinal cross section through a section of an embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator according to the invention.
  • the figure shows schematically a longitudinal cross section through a section of an embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator 1 according to the invention.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 1 is integrated as part of an exhaust pipe 2 (shown only partially) of a heating system not shown here and comprises a flow channel 3.
  • the flow channel 3 is as formed through the flow channel 3, shown here by three arrows P, particulate-containing exhaust gas flows in the flow direction also shown by the arrows P.
  • the channel wall 4 has a channel wall 4 of equal thickness along the flow direction P, that is, the wall thickness of the channel wall 4 is substantially constant along the flow direction P.
  • an electrode 6, which is also referred to as a center electrode or corona electrode extends in the interior of the flow channel 3.
  • the flow channel 3 is preferably formed in cross section in the flow direction P rotationally symmetrical about a central axis A, wherein the cross section is formed at least in the illustrated section constant along the flow direction P.
  • the electrode 6 extends along this central axis A. After prolonged operation, particles 6 can adhere to the electrode 6, forming a dust layer 6a around the electrode 6, which can impair the performance of the electrostatic precipitator 1.
  • the electrode 6 is fed via an electrode feed 7, which is covered with an insulator 8. Together with the channel wall 4, the electrode 6 forms a charging unit, in which particles can be charged electrically.
  • the electrode 6 forms an electric field with the channel wall 4 while applying a high voltage, the field lines of which extend essentially radially to the electrode 6 or the channel wall 4, essentially transversely, more precisely at right angles, to the flow direction P.
  • the electrode holder 9 can be fixed to the channel wall 4 in a positive, frictional, force-locking and / or material-locking manner.
  • the electrode holder 9 is attached to the channel wall 4 so that a contact between the electrode holder 9 and the channel wall 4 is formed.
  • a fuse 10 interrupts a charge supply to the electrode 6.
  • the contact is preferably formed as a metallic contact.
  • the securing device 10 has a discharge device 11. This discharges the electrode 6 after the contact has been released, that is, after the charge supply is interrupted.
  • the safety device 10 further comprises a contact monitoring unit 12.
  • the contact monitoring unit 12 permanently checks the contact between the electrode holder 9 and the channel wall 4. Once the contact is canceled, this is detected and signaled.
  • the securing device 10, to be more precise the contact monitoring unit 12 has a sensor 13.
  • the sensor 13 can monitor the contact in various ways.
  • the sensor 13 may be selected from the group comprising capacitance sensors for measuring an electrical capacitance, acoustic sensors for acoustic measurement, optical sensors for optical measurement, magnetic sensors for magnetic measurement and the like. The monitoring is carried out acoustically, optically, electrically, magnetically or in a similar manner.
  • the securing device 10 may be formed as a switch, so that when you cancel the contact immediately a charge is switched off.
  • the securing device 10 has a control unit 14.
  • the charge supply to the electrode 6 can be regulated via this control unit 14, which is shown schematically here. For example, this allows the delay time to be regulated until the charge supply is interrupted.
  • the discharge device 11 can be switched on.
  • the discharge device 11 may be formed as a movable contact element, which establishes a contact between the electrode 6 and the flow channel 3 formed, for example, as a tube wall.
  • the contact element may be formed as a curtain-like wire mesh, through which the electrode 6 must be carried out when moving out of the flow channel 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP08021638.5A 2007-12-19 2008-12-12 Précipitateur électrostatique avec dispositif de sécurité Not-in-force EP2072141B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007061366A DE102007061366B4 (de) 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Elektrostatischer Abscheider mit Sicherungseinrichtung

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2072141A2 true EP2072141A2 (fr) 2009-06-24
EP2072141A3 EP2072141A3 (fr) 2013-04-24
EP2072141B1 EP2072141B1 (fr) 2015-04-22
EP2072141B8 EP2072141B8 (fr) 2015-06-10

Family

ID=40257041

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08021638.5A Not-in-force EP2072141B8 (fr) 2007-12-19 2008-12-12 Précipitateur électrostatique avec dispositif de sécurité

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2072141B8 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007061366B4 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2554396C2 (ru) * 2010-08-13 2015-06-27 Эмитек Гезельшафт Фюр Эмиссионстехнологи Мбх Держатель для крепления нескольких электродов в выпускном трубопроводе
RU2573060C2 (ru) * 2011-09-28 2016-01-20 Эмитек Гезельшафт Фюр Эмиссионстехнологи Мбх Держатель по меньшей мере с одним электродом
CN116337703A (zh) * 2023-05-25 2023-06-27 江苏中能电力设备有限公司 一种用于烟气排放检测的测量装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017007787A1 (de) * 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Frank Grundmann Vorrichtung zur Erleichterung der Ausrichtung von Elektroden bei Nass- Elektrofiltern

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1193445A2 (fr) 2000-10-02 2002-04-03 Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa Dispositif pour épurer les gaz de combustion de petites installations de chauffe

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3733783A (en) * 1971-10-29 1973-05-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrostatic precipitator
JPS60261561A (ja) * 1984-06-08 1985-12-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 静電式空気清浄機
JPH082425B2 (ja) * 1989-05-11 1996-01-17 ダイキン工業株式会社 電気集塵器の電撃防止装置
JPH0773690B2 (ja) * 1989-12-19 1995-08-09 ダイキン工業株式会社 電気集塵器の電撃防止装置
JPH0459064A (ja) * 1990-06-25 1992-02-25 Hitachi Ltd 電気集塵装置
DE4104423C2 (de) * 1991-02-14 1994-10-13 Erich Klawitter Entlüftungs- und Belüftungsanlage mit einem Wärmespeicher
RU2079176C1 (ru) * 1994-07-22 1997-05-10 Акционерное общество "Электрические низковольтные аппараты и системы" Защитный выключатель

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1193445A2 (fr) 2000-10-02 2002-04-03 Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt Empa Dispositif pour épurer les gaz de combustion de petites installations de chauffe

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2554396C2 (ru) * 2010-08-13 2015-06-27 Эмитек Гезельшафт Фюр Эмиссионстехнологи Мбх Держатель для крепления нескольких электродов в выпускном трубопроводе
RU2573060C2 (ru) * 2011-09-28 2016-01-20 Эмитек Гезельшафт Фюр Эмиссионстехнологи Мбх Держатель по меньшей мере с одним электродом
CN116337703A (zh) * 2023-05-25 2023-06-27 江苏中能电力设备有限公司 一种用于烟气排放检测的测量装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007061366B4 (de) 2010-11-18
EP2072141A3 (fr) 2013-04-24
EP2072141B8 (fr) 2015-06-10
EP2072141B1 (fr) 2015-04-22
DE102007061366A1 (de) 2009-06-25

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