EP2056687B1 - Impermeable shoe - Google Patents

Impermeable shoe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2056687B1
EP2056687B1 EP07823750.0A EP07823750A EP2056687B1 EP 2056687 B1 EP2056687 B1 EP 2056687B1 EP 07823750 A EP07823750 A EP 07823750A EP 2056687 B1 EP2056687 B1 EP 2056687B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shoe
foam layer
thickness
foam
open cell
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EP07823750.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2056687A2 (en
Inventor
David Xu
Adrien Lagneau
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Decathlon SE
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Decathlon SE
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Publication of EP2056687A2 publication Critical patent/EP2056687A2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/07—Linings therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/002—Mountain boots or shoes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/12—Special watertight footwear
    • A43B7/125—Special watertight footwear provided with a vapour permeable member, e.g. a membrane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43D—MACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT OR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR
    • A43D999/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the technical field of waterproof shoes suitable in particular for the practice of a sport such as hiking.
  • Waterproof footwear such as athletic footwear such as hiking boots, must protect the feet from shock, external conditions and maintain them to prevent any offensive movement.
  • a breathable membrane of the type sold under the brand name Sympatex. ® or Goretex®, ie a membrane that is impermeable to water but permeable to water vapor.
  • An impervious shoe known from the state of the art in particular a sports shoe such as a hiking shoe, comprises a rod on which is positioned a buttress.
  • the buttress prevents the rod from deforming and ensures a good positioning in the shoe.
  • a comfort foam is then placed on the buttress to protect the foot from external aggressions and overlays of different materials in the construction of the rod. Said foam also ensures the maintenance of the foot and the holding of the shoe.
  • a waterproof and breathable complex composed of a lining, possibly a foam or 3D mesh, and a membrane, is placed on said foam in this order, the membrane in question being in first against said foam.
  • the various previous layers are generally secured by sewing on the top of the rod.
  • the waterproof-breathable membranes implemented as described above have the disadvantage of limiting the evacuation of perspiration produced by the foot, especially to the horizontal of the foot.
  • the perspiration produced by the foot is on average 15 g / hour during an intensive sports activity, and waterproof-breathable membranes can evacuate on average only 1g to 2g per hour of humidity, less 15% of the total transpiration produced by the foot in one hour.
  • the intermediate document EP 1 728 444 discloses a waterproof hiking shoe comprising a shaft, a breathable membrane and an inner liner having an open cell foam layer, capable of forming a vertical vent space and extending exclusively on either side of the portion back and inner of the shoe, and intended to wrap the area of the rear foot over its entire height.
  • the present invention aims to provide an improved waterproof shoe overcomes the aforementioned problems.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore an impermeable shoe, particularly a hiking boot, comprising a rod, a breathable membrane and an inner lining, characterized in that it comprises an open-cell foam layer having a thickness of at least 5 mm, a water vapor permeability greater than 75mg / (cm 2 .8h), a CC40 stress required to deform by 40% of its initial thickness greater than 5 kPa on average and less than 20 kPa according to the standard ISO 3386-1: 1986, capable of forming a vertical ventilation space and extending exclusively on either side of the rear and internal part of the boot, intended to enclose the area of the hindfoot over its entire height .
  • the vertical ventilation space removes perspiration and / or heat from the insole to the upper part of the shoe.
  • Said space is provided on the area of the rear foot so as to be opposite the opening of said shoe for the passage of the foot.
  • the extraction of hot air produced by the foot and / or due to the environment is called the “chimney effect”. Indeed, the air warming up tends to rise due to the decrease in its density.
  • Said ventilation space uses this effect to evacuate perspiration and / or heat to the vertical of the foot.
  • the chimney effect induces a draft that can cause an internal depression, which allows to suck fresh air outside for example through perforations made above the medial malleolus and outer in the shaft of the waterproof shoe.
  • the breathable membrane also allows perspiration and heat to be removed horizontally from the foot, that is to say through the different layers separating the foot from the upper of the shoe.
  • the stem is preferably in a breathable material, such as leather.
  • the buttress of the stem is preferably glued partially on it and perforated to facilitate the evacuation of perspiration and heat to the horizontal.
  • the inner liner is formed of a textile, for example a laminated knit by flame, gluing or sewing on a foam.
  • the textile is stitched onto the foam to minimize obstacles to vertical and horizontal transpiration paths.
  • the lining by virtue of its foam, makes it possible to accentuate the "chimney effect" and thus to keep the maximum amount of hot air away from contact with the foot, the textile of the inner lining being preferably in contact with the foot of the user.
  • the open cell foam is preferably obtained by the so-called “slab stock” process allowing the continuous production of foam by deposition of a mixture on a conveyor belt expanding on its path on said belt.
  • Two preferred processes are used for the production of the foam used according to the invention. These are “Max foam” or “Hennecke Planibloc” processes known in the state of the art.
  • the open cell foam according to the present invention is preferably based on polyurethane.
  • the process for the foaming reaction can be chemical, for example by adding water to the mixture or physical, for example by adding to the mixture an agent having a low boiling point allowing it to pass rapidly during the manufacture of the foam under its gaseous state.
  • the choice of the chosen expansion method, of a chemical or physical nature depends on the nature of the polymer to be foamed.
  • the open cell foam is obtained by a chemical process.
  • the mixture thus allowing the manufacture of the foam generally comprises: diisocyanates, polyols, water, intermediate blowing agents, fillers and the like.
  • diisocyanates are liquid at room temperature before reacting.
  • the released carbon dioxide serves as a blowing agent for foam expansion.
  • the polyols reacting with the isocyanate groups at the ends of the urea chains produce the polyurethane chains (R1-NH-COO-R2), wherein R1 is the urea-based segment and R2 is a polyol.
  • the foam layer is a cross-linked open cell foam layer.
  • crosslinked is understood to mean that the foam has undergone a crosslinking step during which the polymer chains forming said foam are bonded to each other by bridges or chemical bonds.
  • This crosslinking step is irreversible in that the crosslinked foam no longer strictly speaking has a melting temperature such as a thermoplastic.
  • the crosslinking makes it possible to improve the mechanical performance of the foam, in particular the resistance to compression and tearing as well as resistance to heat. This property makes it possible to maintain a sufficient vertical ventilation space when the foot of the user bears on it while maintaining good elasticity so that the open-cell foam ensures a good comfort foot home.
  • the crosslinked open cell foams may have open cells having dimensions greater than one millimeter unreachable with uncrosslinked open cell foams. Logically, the larger the open cell size, the better the air and water vapor permeability.
  • the crosslinking may be obtained by a chemical process, for example by adding an activating agent at a given temperature, or physical for example by electron bombardment.
  • the opening of the cells of the crosslinked foam layer is obtained, during the crosslinking phase, by explosion of a mixture of gases in a closed chamber, preferably based on hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the residual membranes obstructing the open cells of the foam are redistributed during their fusion on the edges.
  • the foam thus tends to 100% of fully open cells.
  • the air permeability of the foams having undergone this crosslinking-explosion step is considerably improved.
  • the crosslinking-explosion method allows to significantly increase their water vapor permeability.
  • the thicker edges are also more resistant which improves the mechanical performance of the foam, especially in compression.
  • the cells obtained have a substantially circular shape and a diameter greater than 1 mm, or of the order of 2 mm to 5 mm.
  • the size of the open cells obtained is a function of the foaming conditions. However, foams having open cells of which at least one dimension is greater than 1 mm after the foaming process, must undergo a crosslinking-explosion step to set the size of these cells. Without this crosslinking-explosion step, the foam is not stable and sags.
  • the foam layer has a water vapor permeability greater than 100 mg / (cm 2 ⁇ 8h).
  • the table below gives the results of the AFNOR NF G52-019 standard test, in particular to evaluate the water vapor permeability [mg / (cm 2, N hours)] of a liner or rod. (eg leather) of a shoe. The values of permeability are recorded every two hours and make it possible to establish the rate of evaporation of the water.
  • M1 is an open cell foam, at least one of which is greater than 1 mm in size, based on polyurethane, and having undergone an explosion of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a closed chamber.
  • M2 corresponds to a conventional open cell foam of the state of the art, whose dimensions are less than one millimeter, based on polyurethane, and used in the manufacture of sports articles such as backpacks and footwear. hiking. M2 did not undergo a crosslinking-explosion operation.
  • the water vapor permeability of M1 is three times greater than the permeability of M2.
  • the open cell foam M1 has an exceptional moisture transfer efficiency compared to the foam M2 illustrating the foams of the state of the art.
  • the DC stress 40 necessary to deform the open-cell foam layer by 40% of its initial thickness is greater than 7 KPa on average according to the ISO 3386-1: 1986 standard.
  • the compressive stress values for M1 and M2 are very close although M1 have open cells whose size is greater than at least 3 times the size of the open cells of the foam M2.
  • the value of SAG is very close between M1 and M2, which means that the stress to be applied to deform 65% of their initial thicknesses M1 and M2 is of the order of three times the stress to be applied for a deformation of 25% of said initial thicknesses.
  • the value of SAG here is specific to the behavior of the polymer forming the foams M1 and M2, namely polyurethane.
  • the compressive strength is particularly important in the construction of a shoe since the compression exerted by the foot on the open-cell foam crushes it and reduces its thickness in operation.
  • the thickness of the foam M1 in operation must be sufficient to maintain a vertical ventilation space and exclusively on both sides of the rear and inner part of the shoe.
  • the open cell foam layer should not be too resistant to compression and deform sufficiently to maintain a good foot reception. This double objective is achieved by choosing an open-cell foam having a CC 40 stress greater than 5 KPa on average, preferably greater than 7 KPa on average and less than 20 KPa on average according to the ISO 3386-1: 1986 standard.
  • the open cell foam layer is hydrophobic.
  • the foam layer thus has a lower water absorption capacity than a hydrophilic foam layer.
  • the purpose is that the water vapor does not stagnate near the foot of the user but is directly evaporated through the vertical ventilation space formed by said foam over the entire height of the foot.
  • the open-cell foam layer comprises a majority of cells at least one of which is greater than 1 mm, preferably in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm.
  • Dimension in the present text means the length of one of the edges delimiting a cell or the distance separating two edges delimiting the same cell.
  • the majority of cells means that more than 50% of the cells of said foam layer have at least one dimension greater than 1 mm.
  • the open-cell foam layer has a density of 34 kg / m 3 .
  • the open cells of the foam layer are delimited by edges having a thickness of about one millimeter.
  • the foam layer has a thickness of at least 10 mm.
  • the "chimney effect" is provided by a vertical space consisting of a set with a membrane, a laminated foam on the textile or three-dimensional textile forming the lining interior, which have an average thickness of the order of 3 mm.
  • the vertical ventilation is thus improved with respect to these known shoes, in very large proportions.
  • the foam layer is a single piece asymmetric configuration with respect to a vertical plane corresponding to the median plane of the shoe.
  • Said piece is asymmetrical so as to marry the best shape of the foot taking into account that the external malleolus of the foot is lower than the internal malleolus.
  • said part comprises a median cutout in the lower part, corresponding to the area facing the base of the Achilles heel.
  • the middle notch avoids creating depression on the Achilles tendon.
  • the shape and size of said piece are adapted according to the type of the waterproof shoe, for example depending on whether it is a hiking shoe or running shoe.
  • said piece is in the form of a butterfly with a notch at its center corresponding to said area facing the base of the Achilles heel.
  • the foam layer is disposed between the inner liner and the breathable membrane.
  • the "chimney effect" of the laminated foam on the textile of the inner lining and that of the vertical ventilation layer are cumulative.
  • the waterproof-breathable membrane being after said ventilation layer relative to the foot, it continues to perform its watertight function while not not preventing the horizontal transfer of the foot from heat and perspiration to said ventilation space. This arrangement accelerates the evacuation of hot air to the upper part of the shoe and improves the thermal comfort of the user.
  • the foam layer is disposed on the outside of the inner liner, being intended to come into contact with the foot.
  • the present invention also relates to a walking assembly comprising a shoe, including hiking, and at least one removable part, which is an open-cell foam layer having a thickness of at least 5 mm, a vapor permeability greater than 75mg / (cm 2 .8h), a CC40 stress required to deform by 40% of its initial thickness greater than 5 kPa on average and less than 20 kPa according to ISO 3386-1: 1986 adapted to forming a vertical ventilation space, intended to be returned by the user inside the shoe so that it extends exclusively on either side of the rear part wrapping the area of the rear foot on all its height.
  • said assembly comprises a plurality of removable parts, of different thickness and / or porosity and / or density.
  • the user can customize the drainage and ventilation he wants according to his feelings or activities.
  • said pieces are unique and have an asymmetrical configuration with respect to a vertical plane corresponding to the median plane of the waterproof boot.
  • Said removable part may be an open-cell foam layer according to any of the embodiments described above.
  • said removable part is an open-cell foam layer according to one of the embodiments described above laminated to a textile, such as a knit or fabric, which acts as an inner lining intended to come into direct contact with the foot.
  • the waterproof hiking shoe 1 comprises from the outside towards the inside: a rod 2, a buttress 7, a waterproof breathable membrane 3, an open-cell foam layer 5 and an inner liner 4 locked together for mounting between the insole 8, the first mounting 9 and the outsole 10.
  • the inner liner 4 preferably comprises a laminated textile 4a on a foam 4b, the textile 4a being intended to be in contact with the foot. Indeed the foam 4b will often be present but can be removed.
  • the inner lining 4 is sewn according to its folded edge with the upper part of the waterproof shoe 1 along the seam line 12.
  • the open cell foam layer 5 is in the form of a single piece having an asymmetrical configuration with respect to the median plane M of the shoe 1.
  • the foam layer 5 preferably has a butterfly-shaped configuration as shown to the figure 4 , and has a cutout 11 according to the median plane M in the lower part facing the base of the Achilles heel.
  • Each "wing" 5a or 5b of said butterfly or the foam layer 5 envelope the hindfoot 6 over most of its height.
  • the foam layer 5 is positioned between the inner lining 4 and the breathable membrane 3.
  • the hot and humid air passes through the textile 4a of the inner lining 4 and is then found in a vertical ventilation space delimited by the foam 4b of the inner liner 4 and especially the open cell foam layer 5.
  • the hot and humid air does not have to pass through the breathable membrane 3 to reach the foam layer 5, which is not the case in the waterproof shoes known from the state of the art where the transfer of moisture to the horizontal of the foot is slowed by the provision of the breathable membrane and the porous layer 5, which is directly against the rod 2 or the buttress 7, the foam layer 5 then ensuring the function of comfort and mechanical support.
  • the hot and humid air produced by the foot is then captured and then evacuated into said vertical ventilation space and is no longer in contact with the foot, thereby improving the thermal comfort of the user.
  • the hot and humid air, stored in said space goes up into the upper part of the shoe and is discharged to the outside.
  • perforations are arranged according to the area 4c of the inner liner 4 to accelerate and facilitate the evacuation of perspiration and / or moisture.
  • Part of the perspiration is also evacuated to the horizontal of the foot along the X axis.
  • the water vapor is then evacuated by passing through all the layers forming the impervious shoe 1 from the inside to the outside.
  • the rod 2 is thus made of leather or in a composite textile.
  • the different layers forming the impervious shoe 1 whose layers 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 are cut to the dimensions of the shoe 1 and laminated together by gluing.
  • the buttress 7 is not laminated on the rod 2, it is secured to the rod 2 by means of spot bonding and perforated. This method of assembly limits less the flow of hot and humid air than assembly by sewing or gluing along the entire surface of said layers.
  • the open cell foam layer 5 has a thickness of the order of 10 mm. It is thus possible to adjust the volume of the ventilation space by varying the thickness, shape and size of the cells of the foam layer 5.
  • the preferred open cell foam layer is crosslinked, particularly type M1. During this crosslinking step, the foam layer 5 was blown up in a closed chamber of a mixture of gases, preferably based on a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen in order to distribute on the edges the membranes remaining after the expansion step. This crosslinking-explosion improves the permeability to air and water vapor of the foam layer 5.
  • figure 5a schematically represents a few open cells of an open-cell foam layer 13 having undergone a crosslinking-explosion.
  • the cell 14 here has a substantially pentagonal shape and is delimited by five edges 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d and 15e.
  • edges 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d and 15e Depending on the nature of the foamed polymer and the initial mixture as well as the expansion and crosslinking-explosion conditions, it is possible to vary the shape, cell size, length and thickness of the edges.
  • the edge 15a has a thickness e1 of the order of 1 mm and a length L1 in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm.
  • the inner window 16 of the pore 13 has a length L2 ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm and is delimited by the inner edges of the edges 15a to 15e.
  • the Applicant has selected this open-cell foam type M1 because it gives outstanding results regarding the permeability to water vapor while providing compressive strength and comfort meeting the criteria of construction of a shoe.
  • the foam layer 5 is preferably hydrophobic so that the water vapor is very little absorbed in said layer 5 and evaporates more rapidly from it to the atmosphere.
  • a foam is secured to the foam 4b of the inner liner 4 by spot bonding so as to enlarge the vertical ventilation space and thus improve the thermal comfort of the user.
  • Said foam is preferably 2 mm thick.
  • the foam layer 5 is removable and detachably fixed by any means known from the state of the art, preferably to the textile 4a of the inner lining 4. It will thus be possible to provide foam layers of size, density and thickness varied according to the activity and feeling of the user, he will have in his shoe to customize his comfort.
  • the breathable membrane 3 may be alone or replaced by a waterproof and breathable complex as described above.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est dans le domaine technique des chaussures imperméables aptes notamment à la pratique d'un sport tel que la randonnée.The present invention is in the technical field of waterproof shoes suitable in particular for the practice of a sport such as hiking.

Le besoin des usagers d'être équipés de chaussures imperméables leur permettant d'évacuer la transpiration et/ou la chaleur est important que ce soit pour des raisons de confort ou d'hygiène. Les chaussures imperméables, notamment les chaussures de sport telles que les chaussures de randonnée, doivent protéger les pieds des chocs, des conditions extérieures et les maintenir afin de leur éviter tout mouvement blessant.The need for users to be equipped with waterproof shoes allowing them to evacuate perspiration and / or heat is important whether for reasons of comfort or hygiene. Waterproof footwear, such as athletic footwear such as hiking boots, must protect the feet from shock, external conditions and maintain them to prevent any offensive movement.

Les chaussures de sport, notamment de randonnée, présentent généralement dans ce but une structure plus couvrante, souvent bien au-dessus de la cheville que des chaussures de ville classiques. Elles sont aussi plus lourdes et donc apportent une isolation thermique plus importante.Sports shoes, especially hiking, usually have a more covering structure for this purpose, often well above the ankle as classic dress shoes. They are also heavier and therefore provide greater thermal insulation.

Par ailleurs, afin de protéger le pied de l'utilisateur de l'humidité extérieure tout en assurant sa respirabilité, il est connu de disposer à l'intérieur de la chaussure une membrane imper-respirante, du type de celles commercialisées sous la marque Sympatex® ou Goretex®, c'est-à-dire une membrane qui est imperméable à l'eau mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau.Moreover, in order to protect the user's foot from the external moisture while ensuring its breathability, it is known to have inside the shoe a breathable membrane, of the type sold under the brand name Sympatex. ® or Goretex®, ie a membrane that is impermeable to water but permeable to water vapor.

Une chaussure imperméable connue de l'état de la technique, notamment une chaussure de sport telle qu'une chaussure de randonnée, comprend une tige sur laquelle est positionnée un contrefort. Le contrefort permet d'empêcher la tige de se déformer et assure un bon positionnement dans la chaussure. Une mousse de confort est ensuite posée sur le contrefort afin de protéger le pied des agressions extérieures et des superpositions de matières différentes dans la construction de la tige. Ladite mousse assure également le maintien du pied et la tenue de la chaussure. Enfin, un complexe imperméable et respirant composé d'une doublure, éventuellement d'une mousse ou mesh 3D, et d'une membrane, est placé sur ladite mousse dans cet ordre, la membrane en question étant en première contre ladite mousse. Les différentes couches précédentes sont généralement solidarisées par couture sur le haut de la tige.An impervious shoe known from the state of the art, in particular a sports shoe such as a hiking shoe, comprises a rod on which is positioned a buttress. The buttress prevents the rod from deforming and ensures a good positioning in the shoe. A comfort foam is then placed on the buttress to protect the foot from external aggressions and overlays of different materials in the construction of the rod. Said foam also ensures the maintenance of the foot and the holding of the shoe. Finally, a waterproof and breathable complex composed of a lining, possibly a foam or 3D mesh, and a membrane, is placed on said foam in this order, the membrane in question being in first against said foam. The various previous layers are generally secured by sewing on the top of the rod.

En pratique, il s'avère que les membranes imper-respirantes mises en oeuvre tel que décrit ci-dessus présentent l'inconvénient de limiter l'évacuation de la transpiration produite par le pied, notamment à l'horizontal du pied. Classiquement, la transpiration produite par le pied est en moyenne de 15 g/heure lors d'une activité sportive intensive, et les membranes imper-respirantes ne permettent d'évacuer en moyenne qu'1g à 2g par heure d'humidité, soit moins de 15% de la transpiration totale produite par le pied en une heure.In practice, it turns out that the waterproof-breathable membranes implemented as described above have the disadvantage of limiting the evacuation of perspiration produced by the foot, especially to the horizontal of the foot. Conventionally, the perspiration produced by the foot is on average 15 g / hour during an intensive sports activity, and waterproof-breathable membranes can evacuate on average only 1g to 2g per hour of humidity, less 15% of the total transpiration produced by the foot in one hour.

Le document intermédiaire EP 1 728 444 décrit une chaussure imperméable de randonnée comprenant une tige, une membrane imper-respirante et une doublure interne comportant une couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes, apte à former un espace de ventilation verticale et s'étendant exclusivement de part et d'autre de la partie arrière et intérieure de la chaussure, et destinée à envelopper la zone de l'arrière pied sur toute sa hauteur.The intermediate document EP 1 728 444 discloses a waterproof hiking shoe comprising a shaft, a breathable membrane and an inner liner having an open cell foam layer, capable of forming a vertical vent space and extending exclusively on either side of the portion back and inner of the shoe, and intended to wrap the area of the rear foot over its entire height.

Il y a donc un besoin constant des usagers de disposer de chaussures imperméables présentant des fonctions de drainage et d'évacuation de l'humidité et/ou de la chaleur améliorées; lesquelles fonctions peuvent être personnalisées selon le ressenti de l'usager et les conditions dans lesquelles il pratique une activité notamment sportive telle que la randonnée.There is therefore a continuing need for users to have waterproof footwear with improved drainage and moisture removal and / or heat removal capabilities; which functions can be personalized according to the feeling of the user and the conditions in which he practices a particular sporting activity such as hiking.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer une chaussure imperméable améliorée palliant les problèmes précités.The present invention aims to provide an improved waterproof shoe overcomes the aforementioned problems.

La présente invention a ainsi pour objet une chaussure imperméable, notamment de randonnée, comprenant une tige, une membrane imper-respirante et une doublure interne, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes ayant une épaisseur d'au moins 5 mm, une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau supérieure à 75mg/(cm2.8h), une contrainte CC40 nécessaire pour se déformer de 40% de son épaisseur initiale supérieure à 5 kPa en moyenne et inférieure à 20 kPa selon la norme ISO 3386-1: 1986, apte à former un espace de ventilation verticale et s'étendant exclusivement de part et d'autre de la partie arrière et interne de la chaussure, destinée à envelopper la zone de l'arrière pied sur toute sa hauteur.The subject of the present invention is therefore an impermeable shoe, particularly a hiking boot, comprising a rod, a breathable membrane and an inner lining, characterized in that it comprises an open-cell foam layer having a thickness of at least 5 mm, a water vapor permeability greater than 75mg / (cm 2 .8h), a CC40 stress required to deform by 40% of its initial thickness greater than 5 kPa on average and less than 20 kPa according to the standard ISO 3386-1: 1986, capable of forming a vertical ventilation space and extending exclusively on either side of the rear and internal part of the boot, intended to enclose the area of the hindfoot over its entire height .

Les termes cellules ouvertes et pores ouverts sont équivalents.The terms open cells and open pores are equivalent.

Avantageusement, l'espace de ventilation verticale évacue la transpiration et/ou la chaleur à partir de la semelle de propreté vers la partie haute de la chaussure. Ledit espace est ménagé sur la zone de l'arrière pied de façon à être en regard de l'ouverture de ladite chaussure pour le passage du pied. L'extraction de l'air chaud produit par le pied et/ou dû à l'environnement est appelée « l'effet cheminée ». En effet, l'air en s'échauffant a tendance à s'élever en raison de la diminution de sa densité. Ledit espace de ventilation utilise cet effet pour évacuer à la verticale du pied la transpiration et/ou la chaleur. « L'effet cheminée » induit un tirage susceptible de provoquer une dépression intérieure, laquelle permet d'aspirer de l'air extérieur frais grâce par exemple à des perforations ménagées au dessus des malléoles interne et externe dans la tige de la chaussure imperméable.Advantageously, the vertical ventilation space removes perspiration and / or heat from the insole to the upper part of the shoe. Said space is provided on the area of the rear foot so as to be opposite the opening of said shoe for the passage of the foot. The extraction of hot air produced by the foot and / or due to the environment is called the "chimney effect". Indeed, the air warming up tends to rise due to the decrease in its density. Said ventilation space uses this effect to evacuate perspiration and / or heat to the vertical of the foot. "The chimney effect" induces a draft that can cause an internal depression, which allows to suck fresh air outside for example through perforations made above the medial malleolus and outer in the shaft of the waterproof shoe.

La membrane imper-respirante laisse également évacuer la transpiration et la chaleur à l'horizontale du pied, c'est-à-dire à travers les différentes couches séparant le pied de la tige de la chaussure. La tige est de préférence dans un matériau respirant, tel que du cuir. Le contrefort de la tige est de préférence collée partiellement sur celle-ci et perforé afin de faciliter l'évacuation de la transpiration et la chaleur à l'horizontale.The breathable membrane also allows perspiration and heat to be removed horizontally from the foot, that is to say through the different layers separating the foot from the upper of the shoe. The stem is preferably in a breathable material, such as leather. The buttress of the stem is preferably glued partially on it and perforated to facilitate the evacuation of perspiration and heat to the horizontal.

De préférence, la doublure interne est formée d'un textile, par exemple un tricot laminé par flammage, collage ou couture sur une mousse. De préférence le textile est collé par points sur la mousse afin de minimiser les obstacles aux cheminements vertical et horizontal de la transpiration. La doublure, de par sa mousse, permet d'accentuer « l'effet cheminée » et d'éloigner ainsi le maximum d'air chaud au contact avec le pied, le textile de la doublure interne étant de préférence au contact avec le pied de l'usager.Preferably, the inner liner is formed of a textile, for example a laminated knit by flame, gluing or sewing on a foam. Preferably the textile is stitched onto the foam to minimize obstacles to vertical and horizontal transpiration paths. The lining, by virtue of its foam, makes it possible to accentuate the "chimney effect" and thus to keep the maximum amount of hot air away from contact with the foot, the textile of the inner lining being preferably in contact with the foot of the user.

La mousse à cellules ouvertes est de préférence obtenue par le procédé dit « slab stock » permettant la production continue de mousse par dépôt d'un mélange sur un tapis convoyeur s'expansant lors de son trajet sur ledit tapis. Deux procédés préférés sont utilisés pour la production de la mousse utilisée selon l'invention. Il s'agit des procédés « Max foam » ou « Hennecke Planibloc » connus dans l'état de la technique.The open cell foam is preferably obtained by the so-called "slab stock" process allowing the continuous production of foam by deposition of a mixture on a conveyor belt expanding on its path on said belt. Two preferred processes are used for the production of the foam used according to the invention. These are "Max foam" or "Hennecke Planibloc" processes known in the state of the art.

La mousse à cellules ouvertes selon la présente invention est de préférence à base de polyuréthane. Le procédé permettant la réaction de moussage peut être chimique par exemple en ajoutant de l'eau au mélange ou physique par exemple en ajoutant au mélange un agent ayant une température d'ébullition faible lui permettant de passer rapidement lors de la fabrication de la mousse sous son état gazeux. Le choix du procédé d'expansion retenu, de nature chimique ou physique, est fonction de la nature du polymère à expanser.The open cell foam according to the present invention is preferably based on polyurethane. The process for the foaming reaction can be chemical, for example by adding water to the mixture or physical, for example by adding to the mixture an agent having a low boiling point allowing it to pass rapidly during the manufacture of the foam under its gaseous state. The choice of the chosen expansion method, of a chemical or physical nature, depends on the nature of the polymer to be foamed.

De préférence, la mousse à cellules ouvertes est obtenue par un procédé chimique. Le mélange permettant ainsi la fabrication de la mousse comprend généralement : des diisocyanates, des polyols, de l'eau, des agents gonflants intermédiaires, des charges et autres. Dès le dépôt du mélange sur le tapis convoyeur, le mélange subi notamment deux réactions importantes. Les polyols et les diisocyanates sont liquides à température ambiante avant d'avoir réagi. Lors de la première réaction, les diisocyanates en réagissant avec l'eau produisent du dioxyde de carbone et des amines :

        (1)     R-N=C=O + H2O R-NH2 + CO2

Preferably, the open cell foam is obtained by a chemical process. The mixture thus allowing the manufacture of the foam generally comprises: diisocyanates, polyols, water, intermediate blowing agents, fillers and the like. As soon as the mixture is deposited on the conveyor belt, the mixture undergoes in particular two important reactions. Polyols and diisocyanates are liquid at room temperature before reacting. In the first reaction, the diisocyanates react with water to produce carbon dioxide and amines:

(1) RN = C = O + H 2 O R-NH 2 + CO 2

Le dioxyde de carbone libéré sert d'agent gonflant pour l'expansion de la mousse. Lors de la seconde réaction, les polyols en réagissant avec les groupes isocyanates aux extrémités des chaînes d'urée produisent les chaînes de polyuréthanes (R1-NH-COO-R2), dans lesquels R1 est le segment à base d'urée et R2 est un polyol.The released carbon dioxide serves as a blowing agent for foam expansion. In the second reaction, the polyols reacting with the isocyanate groups at the ends of the urea chains produce the polyurethane chains (R1-NH-COO-R2), wherein R1 is the urea-based segment and R2 is a polyol.

Selon le mode de fabrication de la mousse, il est possible de faire varier la taille des cellules et donc la perméabilité de celle-ci.Depending on the method of manufacture of the foam, it is possible to vary the size of the cells and therefore the permeability thereof.

Dans une variante de réalisation, la couche de mousse est une couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes réticulée.In an alternative embodiment, the foam layer is a cross-linked open cell foam layer.

On entend par le terme « réticulée » que la mousse a subi une étape de réticulation au-cours de laquelle les chaînes de polymères formant ladite mousse sont liées entre-elles par des ponts ou des liaisons chimiques. Cette étape de réticulation est irréversible en ce que la mousse réticulée n'a plus à proprement parler de température de fusion tel un thermoplastique. La réticulation permet d'améliorer les performances mécaniques de la mousse notamment la résistance à la compression et à la déchirure ainsi que la résistance à la chaleur. Cette propriété permet de maintenir un espace de ventilation verticale suffisant lorsque le pied de l'utilisateur vient en appui sur celui-ci tout en conservant une bonne élasticité afin que la mousse à cellules ouvertes assure un bon confort d'accueil au pied.The term "crosslinked" is understood to mean that the foam has undergone a crosslinking step during which the polymer chains forming said foam are bonded to each other by bridges or chemical bonds. This crosslinking step is irreversible in that the crosslinked foam no longer strictly speaking has a melting temperature such as a thermoplastic. The crosslinking makes it possible to improve the mechanical performance of the foam, in particular the resistance to compression and tearing as well as resistance to heat. This property makes it possible to maintain a sufficient vertical ventilation space when the foot of the user bears on it while maintaining good elasticity so that the open-cell foam ensures a good comfort foot home.

De plus, la réticulation permet de stabiliser les mousses ayant des cellules ouvertes de taille importante. Ainsi, les mousses à cellules ouvertes réticulées peuvent présenter des cellules ouvertes ayant des dimensions supérieures au millimètre non atteignables avec des mousses à cellules ouvertes non réticulées. Logiquement, plus la taille des cellules ouvertes est importante, plus la perméabilité à l'air et à la vapeur d'eau sont améliorées.In addition, the crosslinking makes it possible to stabilize the foams having large open cells. Thus, the crosslinked open cell foams may have open cells having dimensions greater than one millimeter unreachable with uncrosslinked open cell foams. Logically, the larger the open cell size, the better the air and water vapor permeability.

La réticulation peut être obtenue par un procédé chimique, par exemple en ajoutant un agent s'activant à une température donnée, ou physique par exemple par bombardement d'électrons.The crosslinking may be obtained by a chemical process, for example by adding an activating agent at a given temperature, or physical for example by electron bombardment.

Dans une variante, l'ouverture des cellules de la couche de mousse réticulée est obtenue, lors de la phase de réticulation, par explosion d'un mélange de gaz dans une chambre fermée, de préférence à base d'hydrogène et d'oxygène.In a variant, the opening of the cells of the crosslinked foam layer is obtained, during the crosslinking phase, by explosion of a mixture of gases in a closed chamber, preferably based on hydrogen and oxygen.

Avantageusement, au cours de cette explosion, les membranes résiduelles obstruant les cellules ouvertes de la mousse sont redistribuées lors de leur fusion sur les arêtes. La mousse tend ainsi vers 100% de cellules totalement ouvertes. La perméabilité à l'air des mousses ayant subi cette étape de réticulation-explosion est considérablement améliorée. Le demandeur s'est aperçu que pour deux mousses à cellules ouvertes données ayant sensiblement les mêmes valeurs de contraintes en compression après l'étape de moussage, le procédé de réticulation-explosion permet d'augmenter considérablement leur perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau.Advantageously, during this explosion, the residual membranes obstructing the open cells of the foam are redistributed during their fusion on the edges. The foam thus tends to 100% of fully open cells. The air permeability of the foams having undergone this crosslinking-explosion step is considerably improved. The Applicant has found that for two given open-cell foams having substantially the same compressive stress values after the foaming step, the crosslinking-explosion method allows to significantly increase their water vapor permeability.

De plus, les arêtes plus épaisses sont également plus résistantes ce qui permet d'améliorer les performances mécaniques de la mousse, notamment en compression.In addition, the thicker edges are also more resistant which improves the mechanical performance of the foam, especially in compression.

Les cellules obtenues ont une forme sensiblement circulaire et un diamètre supérieur à 1 mm, voir de l'ordre de 2 mm à 5 mm. La taille des cellules ouvertes obtenue est fonction des conditions de moussage. Cependant, les mousses ayant des cellules ouvertes dont au moins une dimension est supérieure à 1 mm après le procédé de moussage, doivent subir une étape de réticulation-explosion pour fixer la taille de ces cellules. Sans cette étape de réticulation-explosion, la mousse n'est pas stable et s'affaisse.The cells obtained have a substantially circular shape and a diameter greater than 1 mm, or of the order of 2 mm to 5 mm. The size of the open cells obtained is a function of the foaming conditions. However, foams having open cells of which at least one dimension is greater than 1 mm after the foaming process, must undergo a crosslinking-explosion step to set the size of these cells. Without this crosslinking-explosion step, the foam is not stable and sags.

Dans une variante de réalisation, la couche de mousse présente une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau supérieure à 100 mg/(cm2.8h).In an alternative embodiment, the foam layer has a water vapor permeability greater than 100 mg / (cm 2 · 8h).

Le tableau ci-dessous donne les résultats au test de la norme AFNOR NF G52-019 permettant notamment d'évaluer la perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau [mg/(cm2. N heures)] d'une doublure ou de la tige (par exemple en cuir) d'une chaussure. Les valeurs de perméabilité sont relevées toutes les deux heures et permettent d'établir la vitesse d'évaporation de l'eau.The table below gives the results of the AFNOR NF G52-019 standard test, in particular to evaluate the water vapor permeability [mg / (cm 2, N hours)] of a liner or rod. (eg leather) of a shoe. The values of permeability are recorded every two hours and make it possible to establish the rate of evaporation of the water.

Les mousses M1 et M2 ont été testées seules. Le principe de ce test NF G52-019 est de mesurer la quantité d'eau évaporée à travers un échantillon pendant une période donnée et dans des conditions hygrométriques déterminées. Tab.1 Echantillon Perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau (mg/(cm2.8h) M1 129 M2 47 Foams M1 and M2 were tested alone. The principle of this NF G52-019 test is to measure the amount of water evaporated through a sample during a given period and under specific hygrometric conditions. tab.1 Sample Permeability to water vapor (mg / (cm 2 .8h) M1 129 M2 47

M1 est une mousse à cellules ouvertes, dont au moins l'une des dimensions est supérieure à 1 mm, à base de polyuréthane, et ayant subi une explosion d'un mélange à base d'hydrogène et d'oxygène dans une chambre fermée.M1 is an open cell foam, at least one of which is greater than 1 mm in size, based on polyurethane, and having undergone an explosion of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a closed chamber.

M2 correspond à une mousse classique à cellules ouvertes de l'état de la technique, dont les dimensions sont inférieures au millimètre, à base de polyuréthane, et utilisée dans la fabrication d'articles de sport tels que les sacs à dos et les chaussures de randonnée. M2 n'a pas subi une opération de réticulation-explosion.M2 corresponds to a conventional open cell foam of the state of the art, whose dimensions are less than one millimeter, based on polyurethane, and used in the manufacture of sports articles such as backpacks and footwear. hiking. M2 did not undergo a crosslinking-explosion operation.

Les échantillons dénommés M1 et M2 dans la suite de la description reproduisent les mêmes caractéristiques décrites ci-dessus.The samples called M1 and M2 in the remainder of the description reproduce the same characteristics described above.

La perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau de M1 est trois fois supérieure à la perméabilité de M2. La mousse à cellules ouvertes M1 a une efficacité de transfert de l'humidité exceptionnelle par rapport à la mousse M2 illustrant les mousses de l'état de la technique.The water vapor permeability of M1 is three times greater than the permeability of M2. The open cell foam M1 has an exceptional moisture transfer efficiency compared to the foam M2 illustrating the foams of the state of the art.

Dans une variante de réalisation, la contrainte CC 40 nécessaire pour déformer de 40% de son épaisseur initiale la couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes est supérieure à 7 KPa en moyenne selon la norme ISO 3386-1 : 1986.In an alternative embodiment, the DC stress 40 necessary to deform the open-cell foam layer by 40% of its initial thickness is greater than 7 KPa on average according to the ISO 3386-1: 1986 standard.

Le tableau ci-dessous donne les résultats aux tests prévus par la norme ISO 3386-1 : 1986 ayant pour titre « Matériaux polymères alvéolaires souples-Détermination de la caractéristique de contrainte déformation relative à la compression ». Tab.2 Echantillon Epaisseur initiale [mm] CC40 (KPa) SAG Coefficient de perte (mJ/mm) M1 15 7.7 3.2 23.8 M2 10 12.29 2.5 22.96 The table below gives the results of the tests provided for by ISO 3386-1: 1986 entitled "Flexible cellular polymeric materials - Determination of compressive strain stress characteristic". Tab.2 Sample Initial thickness [mm] CC40 (KPa) SAG Coefficient of loss (mJ / mm) M1 15 7.7 3.2 23.8 M2 10 12.29 2.5 22.96

La grandeur CC 40 [kPa] correspondant à la contrainte à appliquer pour déformer la mousse de 40% de son épaisseur initiale.The size CC 40 [kPa] corresponding to the stress to be applied to deform the foam by 40% of its initial thickness.

La grandeur SAG correspond au rapport entre la contrainte à appliquer pour comprimer la mousse de 65% de son épaisseur initiale sur la contrainte à appliquer pour comprimer la mousse de 25% de son épaisseur initiale : SAG = CC65/CC25.The size SAG corresponds to the ratio between the stress to be applied to compress the foam by 65% of its initial thickness on the stress to be applied to compress the foam by 25% of its initial thickness: SAG = CC65 / CC25.

Les valeurs de contraintes en compression pour M1 et M2 sont très proches bien que M1 présentent des cellules ouvertes dont la taille est supérieure à au moins 3 fois la tailles des cellules ouvertes de la mousse M2. De même, la valeur de SAG est très proche entre M1 et M2 ce qui signifie que la contrainte à appliquer pour déformer de 65% de leurs épaisseurs initiales M1 et M2 est de l'ordre de trois fois la contrainte à appliquer pour une déformation de 25% desdites épaisseurs initiales. La valeur de SAG est ici propre au comportement du polymère formant les mousses M1 et M2, à savoir le polyuréthane.The compressive stress values for M1 and M2 are very close although M1 have open cells whose size is greater than at least 3 times the size of the open cells of the foam M2. Similarly, the value of SAG is very close between M1 and M2, which means that the stress to be applied to deform 65% of their initial thicknesses M1 and M2 is of the order of three times the stress to be applied for a deformation of 25% of said initial thicknesses. The value of SAG here is specific to the behavior of the polymer forming the foams M1 and M2, namely polyurethane.

La résistance à la compression est particulièrement importante dans la construction d'une chaussure puisque la compression exercée par le pied sur la mousse à cellules ouvertes écrase celle-ci et réduit son épaisseur en fonctionnement. L'épaisseur de la mousse M1 en fonctionnement doit être suffisante pour maintenir un espace de ventilation verticale et ce exclusivement de part et d'autre de la partie arrière et intérieure de la chaussure. De plus, la couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes ne doit pas être trop résistante à la compression et se déformer suffisamment pour maintenir un bon accueil du pied. Ce double objectif est atteint en choisissant une mousse à cellules ouvertes ayant une contrainte CC 40 supérieure à 5 KPa en moyenne, de préférence supérieure à 7 KPa en moyenne et inférieure à 20 KPa en moyenne selon la norme ISO 3386-1 : 1986.The compressive strength is particularly important in the construction of a shoe since the compression exerted by the foot on the open-cell foam crushes it and reduces its thickness in operation. The thickness of the foam M1 in operation must be sufficient to maintain a vertical ventilation space and exclusively on both sides of the rear and inner part of the shoe. In addition, the open cell foam layer should not be too resistant to compression and deform sufficiently to maintain a good foot reception. This double objective is achieved by choosing an open-cell foam having a CC 40 stress greater than 5 KPa on average, preferably greater than 7 KPa on average and less than 20 KPa on average according to the ISO 3386-1: 1986 standard.

Dans une variante, la couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes est hydrophobe.In a variant, the open cell foam layer is hydrophobic.

La couche de mousse a ainsi une capacité d'absorption en eau moindre qu'une couche de mousse hydrophile. Le but étant que la vapeur d'eau ne stagne pas près du pied de l'utilisateur mais soit directement évaporée à travers l'espace de ventilation verticale formée par ladite mousse sur toute la hauteur du pied.The foam layer thus has a lower water absorption capacity than a hydrophilic foam layer. The purpose is that the water vapor does not stagnate near the foot of the user but is directly evaporated through the vertical ventilation space formed by said foam over the entire height of the foot.

Dans une variante, la couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes comporte une majorité de cellules dont au moins l'une des dimensions est supérieure à 1 mm, de préférence compris dans l'intervalle allant de 2 mm à 4 mm.In a variant, the open-cell foam layer comprises a majority of cells at least one of which is greater than 1 mm, preferably in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm.

On entend par dimension dans le présent texte, la longueur de l'une des arêtes délimitant une cellule ou la distance séparant deux arêtes délimitant une même cellule.Dimension in the present text means the length of one of the edges delimiting a cell or the distance separating two edges delimiting the same cell.

On entend par majorité de cellules que plus de 50% des cellules de ladite couche de mousse ont au moins une dimension supérieure à 1 mm.The majority of cells means that more than 50% of the cells of said foam layer have at least one dimension greater than 1 mm.

Dans une variante, la couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes a une masse volumique de 34 Kg/m3.In a variant, the open-cell foam layer has a density of 34 kg / m 3 .

Dans une variante, les cellules ouvertes de la couche de mousse sont délimités par des arêtes ayant une épaisseur de l'ordre du millimètre.In a variant, the open cells of the foam layer are delimited by edges having a thickness of about one millimeter.

Dans une variante de réalisation, la couche de mousse a une épaisseur d'au moins 10 mm.In an alternative embodiment, the foam layer has a thickness of at least 10 mm.

Dans les chaussures imperméables, notamment de sport, proposées sur le marché, « l'effet cheminée » est assuré par un espace vertical composé d'un ensemble avec une membrane, une mousse laminée sur le textile ou le textile en trois dimensions formant la doublure intérieure, lesquels ont une épaisseur moyenne de l'ordre de 3 mm. Selon l'invention, la ventilation verticale est ainsi améliorée par rapport à ces chaussures connues, dans des proportions très importantes.In waterproof footwear, especially sports shoes, offered on the market, the "chimney effect" is provided by a vertical space consisting of a set with a membrane, a laminated foam on the textile or three-dimensional textile forming the lining interior, which have an average thickness of the order of 3 mm. According to the invention, the vertical ventilation is thus improved with respect to these known shoes, in very large proportions.

Dans une variante de réalisation, la couche de mousse est une pièce unique de configuration asymétrique par rapport à un plan vertical correspondant au plan médian de la chaussure.In an alternative embodiment, the foam layer is a single piece asymmetric configuration with respect to a vertical plane corresponding to the median plane of the shoe.

Ladite pièce est asymétrique de façon à épouser au mieux la forme du pied tenant compte que la malléole externe du pied est plus basse que la malléole interne.Said piece is asymmetrical so as to marry the best shape of the foot taking into account that the external malleolus of the foot is lower than the internal malleolus.

Dans une sous variante de réalisation, ladite pièce comporte une découpe médiane en partie basse, correspondant à la zone en regard de la base du talon d'Achille.In an alternative embodiment, said part comprises a median cutout in the lower part, corresponding to the area facing the base of the Achilles heel.

L'encoche médiane évite de créer une dépression sur le tendon d'Achille.The middle notch avoids creating depression on the Achilles tendon.

La forme et la taille de ladite pièce sont adaptées selon le type de la chaussure imperméable, par exemple selon qu'il s'agit d'une chaussure de randonnée ou de course à pied.The shape and size of said piece are adapted according to the type of the waterproof shoe, for example depending on whether it is a hiking shoe or running shoe.

De préférence, ladite pièce se présente sous la forme d'un papillon avec une encoche en son centre correspondant à ladite zone en regard de la base du talon d'Achille.Preferably, said piece is in the form of a butterfly with a notch at its center corresponding to said area facing the base of the Achilles heel.

Dans une variante de réalisation, la couche de mousse est disposée entre la doublure interne et la membrane imper-respirante.In an alternative embodiment, the foam layer is disposed between the inner liner and the breathable membrane.

Avantageusement, « l'effet cheminée » de la mousse laminée sur le textile de la doublure interne et celui de la couche de ventilation verticale sont cumulés. De plus la membrane imper-respirante étant après ladite couche de ventilation par rapport au pied, elle continue à assurer sa fonction d'étanchéité à l'eau tout en ne freinant pas le transfert à l'horizontale du pied de la chaleur et de la transpiration vers ledit espace de ventilation. Cette disposition permet d'accélérer l'évacuation de l'air chaud vers la partie haute de la chaussure et améliore le confort thermique de l'utilisateur.Advantageously, the "chimney effect" of the laminated foam on the textile of the inner lining and that of the vertical ventilation layer are cumulative. In addition the waterproof-breathable membrane being after said ventilation layer relative to the foot, it continues to perform its watertight function while not not preventing the horizontal transfer of the foot from heat and perspiration to said ventilation space. This arrangement accelerates the evacuation of hot air to the upper part of the shoe and improves the thermal comfort of the user.

Dans une variante de réalisation, la couche de mousse est disposée sur l'extérieur de la doublure interne, étant destinée à venir en contact avec le pied.In an alternative embodiment, the foam layer is disposed on the outside of the inner liner, being intended to come into contact with the foot.

Une grande partie de la transpiration et de l'air chaud est ainsi directement acheminée à la verticale du pied sans avoir à traverser la partie textile de la doublure interne avant d'être évacuée à la verticale.Much of the perspiration and hot air is thus directly routed to the vertical of the foot without having to cross the textile portion of the inner lining before being discharged vertically.

La présente invention a également pour objet un ensemble de marche comportant une chaussure, notamment de randonnée, et au moins une pièce amovible, qui est une couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes ayant une épaisseur d'au moins 5 mm, une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau supérieure à 75mg/(cm2.8h), une contrainte CC40 nécessaire pour se déformer de 40% de son épaisseur initiale supérieure à 5 kPa en moyenne et inférieure à 20 kPa selon la norme ISO 3386-1 : 1986 apte à former un espace de ventilation verticale, destinée à être rapportée par l'utilisateur à l'intérieur de la chaussure en sorte qu'elle s'étende exclusivement de part et d'autre de la partie arrière enveloppant la zone de l'arrière pied sur toute sa hauteur.The present invention also relates to a walking assembly comprising a shoe, including hiking, and at least one removable part, which is an open-cell foam layer having a thickness of at least 5 mm, a vapor permeability greater than 75mg / (cm 2 .8h), a CC40 stress required to deform by 40% of its initial thickness greater than 5 kPa on average and less than 20 kPa according to ISO 3386-1: 1986 adapted to forming a vertical ventilation space, intended to be returned by the user inside the shoe so that it extends exclusively on either side of the rear part wrapping the area of the rear foot on all its height.

Dans une variante, ledit ensemble comporte une pluralité de pièces amovibles, d'épaisseur et/ou de porosité et/ou de densité différentes.In a variant, said assembly comprises a plurality of removable parts, of different thickness and / or porosity and / or density.

L'utilisateur peut ainsi personnaliser le drainage et la ventilation qu'il souhaite selon son ressenti ou ses activités.The user can customize the drainage and ventilation he wants according to his feelings or activities.

De préférence, lesdites pièces sont uniques et ont une configuration asymétrique par rapport à un plan vertical correspondant au plan médian de la chaussure imperméable.Preferably, said pieces are unique and have an asymmetrical configuration with respect to a vertical plane corresponding to the median plane of the waterproof boot.

Ladite pièce amovible peut être une couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes selon l'une quelconque des variantes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus. De préférence, ladite pièce amovible est une couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes selon l'une des variantes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus laminée à une textile, tel qu'un tricot ou un tissu, lequel fait office de doublure intérieur destinée à venir en contact directement avec le pied.Said removable part may be an open-cell foam layer according to any of the embodiments described above. Preferably, said removable part is an open-cell foam layer according to one of the embodiments described above laminated to a textile, such as a knit or fabric, which acts as an inner lining intended to come into direct contact with the foot.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description d'un exemple de chaussure imperméable cité à titre non limitatif et illustré par les figures ci-après et dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique, vue en perspective, d'une chaussure de randonnée ;
  • la figure 2 est une représentation schématique partielle du premier exemple de chaussure de randonnée selon le plan de coupe II-II ;
  • la figure 3 est une représentation schématique en transparence du premier exemple de chaussure de randonnée ;
  • la figure 4 est une représentation schématique de la disposition sur le pied de la pièce unique créant un espace de ventilation ;
  • la figure 5 est une représentation schématique d'une cellule d'une couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes ayant subi l'étape de réticulation-explosion.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the description of an exemplary impermeable shoe cited in a non-limiting manner and illustrated by the figures below and in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic representation, in perspective view, of a hiking shoe;
  • the figure 2 is a partial schematic representation of the first example of hiking shoe according to the sectional plane II-II;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic representation in transparency of the first example of a hiking shoe;
  • the figure 4 is a schematic representation of the layout on the foot of the single room creating a ventilation space;
  • the figure 5 is a schematic representation of a cell of an open cell foam layer having undergone the crosslinking-explosion step.

La chaussure imperméable de randonnée 1 comporte de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur : une tige 2, un contrefort 7, une membrane imper-respirante 3, une couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes 5 et une doublure interne 4 bloqués ensemble au montage entre la semelle de propreté 8, la première de montage 9 et la semelle extérieure 10.The waterproof hiking shoe 1 comprises from the outside towards the inside: a rod 2, a buttress 7, a waterproof breathable membrane 3, an open-cell foam layer 5 and an inner liner 4 locked together for mounting between the insole 8, the first mounting 9 and the outsole 10.

La doublure interne 4 comporte de préférence un textile laminé 4a sur une mousse 4b, le textile 4a étant destiné à être au contact du pied. En effet la mousse 4b sera souvent présente mais peut être supprimée.The inner liner 4 preferably comprises a laminated textile 4a on a foam 4b, the textile 4a being intended to be in contact with the foot. Indeed the foam 4b will often be present but can be removed.

La doublure interne 4 est cousue selon son bord replié avec la partie haute de la chaussure imperméable 1 selon la ligne de couture 12.The inner lining 4 is sewn according to its folded edge with the upper part of the waterproof shoe 1 along the seam line 12.

La couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes 5 se présente sous la forme d'une seule pièce ayant une configuration asymétrique par rapport au plan médian M de la chaussure 1. La couche de mousse 5 a de préférence une configuration en forme de papillon tel que représentée à la figure 4, et présente une découpe 11 selon le plan médian M en partie basse en regard de la base du talon d'Achille. Chaque « aile » 5a ou 5b dudit papillon ou de la couche de mousse 5 enveloppe l'arrière-pied 6 sur la majeure partie de sa hauteur. Avantageusement, la couche de mousse 5 est positionnée entre la doublure interne 4 et la membrane imper-respirante 3. Ainsi, lorsque le pied transpire, en particulier en cas d'effort, la chaleur et l'humidité sont évacuées principalement dans deux directions. Une partie de la chaleur et/ou de l'humidité est évacuée à la verticale du pied, selon l'axe Y. Pour cela, l'air chaud et humide traverse le textile 4a de la doublure interne 4 et se retrouve alors dans un espace de ventilation vertical délimité par la mousse 4b de la doublure interne 4 et surtout la couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes 5. L'air chaud et humide n'a pas ainsi à traverser la membrane imper-respirante 3 pour atteindre la couche de mousse 5, ce qui n'est pas le cas dans les chaussures imperméables connues de l'état de la technique où le transfert de l'humidité à l'horizontale du pied est freinée de par la disposition de la membrane imper-respirante et de la couche poreuse 5, laquelle est directement contre la tige 2 ou le contrefort 7, la couche de mousse 5 assurant alors la fonction de confort et maintien mécanique.The open cell foam layer 5 is in the form of a single piece having an asymmetrical configuration with respect to the median plane M of the shoe 1. The foam layer 5 preferably has a butterfly-shaped configuration as shown to the figure 4 , and has a cutout 11 according to the median plane M in the lower part facing the base of the Achilles heel. Each "wing" 5a or 5b of said butterfly or the foam layer 5 envelope the hindfoot 6 over most of its height. Advantageously, the foam layer 5 is positioned between the inner lining 4 and the breathable membrane 3. Thus, when the foot sweats, especially in the event of effort, heat and moisture are removed mainly in two directions. Part of the heat and / or moisture is discharged vertically from the foot, along the Y axis. For this, the hot and humid air passes through the textile 4a of the inner lining 4 and is then found in a vertical ventilation space delimited by the foam 4b of the inner liner 4 and especially the open cell foam layer 5. The hot and humid air does not have to pass through the breathable membrane 3 to reach the foam layer 5, which is not the case in the waterproof shoes known from the state of the art where the transfer of moisture to the horizontal of the foot is slowed by the provision of the breathable membrane and the porous layer 5, which is directly against the rod 2 or the buttress 7, the foam layer 5 then ensuring the function of comfort and mechanical support.

L'air chaud et humide produit par le pied est alors capté puis évacué dans ledit espace de ventilation vertical et n'est plus au contact du pied améliorant ainsi le confort thermique de l'usager. Par un « effet cheminée », l'air chaud et humide, stockée dans ledit espace, remonte jusque dans la partie haute de la chaussure et est évacué vers l'extérieur. De préférence, des perforations sont aménagées selon la zone 4c de la doublure interne 4 afin d'accélérer et faciliter l'évacuation de la transpiration et / ou de l'humidité.The hot and humid air produced by the foot is then captured and then evacuated into said vertical ventilation space and is no longer in contact with the foot, thereby improving the thermal comfort of the user. By a "chimney effect", the hot and humid air, stored in said space, goes up into the upper part of the shoe and is discharged to the outside. Preferably, perforations are arranged according to the area 4c of the inner liner 4 to accelerate and facilitate the evacuation of perspiration and / or moisture.

Une partie de la transpiration est également évacuée à l'horizontale du pied, selon l'axe X. La vapeur d'eau est alors évacuée en traversant toutes les couches formant la chaussure imperméable 1 de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur. Dans ce but il convient de choisir des matériaux perméables à l'air et de réaliser des perforations en différents endroits sur la chaussure 1, tels qu'au niveau des malléoles du pied de l'utilisateur. La tige 2 est ainsi en cuir ou dans un textile composite.Part of the perspiration is also evacuated to the horizontal of the foot along the X axis. The water vapor is then evacuated by passing through all the layers forming the impervious shoe 1 from the inside to the outside. For this purpose it is appropriate to choose breathable materials and achieve perforations in different locations on the shoe 1, such as at the level of the malleolus of the foot of the user. The rod 2 is thus made of leather or in a composite textile.

Les différentes couches formant la chaussure imperméable 1 dont les couches 2, 3, 4, 5 et 7 sont découpées aux dimensions de la chaussure 1 et laminées entre-elles par collage. De préférence le contrefort 7 n'est pas laminé sur la tige 2, il est solidarisé à la tige 2 à l'aide d'un collage par points puis perforé. Ce mode d'assemblage limite moins l'écoulement de l'air chaud et humide qu'un assemblage par couture ou par collage selon toute la surface des dites couches.The different layers forming the impervious shoe 1 whose layers 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 are cut to the dimensions of the shoe 1 and laminated together by gluing. Preferably the buttress 7 is not laminated on the rod 2, it is secured to the rod 2 by means of spot bonding and perforated. This method of assembly limits less the flow of hot and humid air than assembly by sewing or gluing along the entire surface of said layers.

De préférence la couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes 5 a une épaisseur de l'ordre de 10 mm. Il est ainsi possible d'ajuster le volume de l'espace de ventilation en jouant sur l'épaisseur, la forme et la taille des cellules de la couche de mousse 5. La couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes 5 préférée est réticulée, notamment du type M1. Au cours de cette étape de réticulation, la couche de mousse 5 a subi une explosion dans une chambre fermée d'un mélange de gaz, de préférence à base d'un mélange d'oxygène et d'hydrogène afin de répartir sur les arêtes les membranes subsistant suite à l'étape d'expansion. Cette réticulation-explosion améliore la perméabilité à l'air et à la vapeur d'eau de la couche de mousse 5. La figure 5a représente de façon schématique quelques cellules ouvertes d'une couche de mousse à cellules ouvertes 13 ayant subi une réticulation-explosion. La cellule 14 a ici une forme sensiblement pentagonale et est délimité par cinq arêtes 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d et 15e. Selon la nature du polymère expansé et du mélange initial ainsi que les conditions d'expansion et de réticulation-explosion, il est possible de faire varier la forme, la taille des cellules, la longueur et l'épaisseur des arêtes. L'arête 15a à une épaisseur e1 de l'ordre de 1 mm et une longueur L1 comprise dans l'intervalle allant de 2 mm à 4 mm. La fenêtre intérieure 16 du pore 13 a une longueur L2 allant de 2 mm à 4 mm et est délimité par les bords intérieurs des arêtes 15a à 15e. Le demandeur a sélectionné cette mousse à cellules ouvertes du type M1 car elle donne des résultats exceptionnels concernant la perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau tout en procurant une résistance à la compression et un confort répondant aux critères de construction d'une chaussure. La couche de mousse 5 est de préférence hydrophobe de sorte que la vapeur d'eau soit très peu absorbée dans ladite couche 5 et s'évapore plus rapidement de celle-ci vers l'ambiance.Preferably, the open cell foam layer 5 has a thickness of the order of 10 mm. It is thus possible to adjust the volume of the ventilation space by varying the thickness, shape and size of the cells of the foam layer 5. The preferred open cell foam layer is crosslinked, particularly type M1. During this crosslinking step, the foam layer 5 was blown up in a closed chamber of a mixture of gases, preferably based on a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen in order to distribute on the edges the membranes remaining after the expansion step. This crosslinking-explosion improves the permeability to air and water vapor of the foam layer 5. figure 5a schematically represents a few open cells of an open-cell foam layer 13 having undergone a crosslinking-explosion. The cell 14 here has a substantially pentagonal shape and is delimited by five edges 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d and 15e. Depending on the nature of the foamed polymer and the initial mixture as well as the expansion and crosslinking-explosion conditions, it is possible to vary the shape, cell size, length and thickness of the edges. The edge 15a has a thickness e1 of the order of 1 mm and a length L1 in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm. The inner window 16 of the pore 13 has a length L2 ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm and is delimited by the inner edges of the edges 15a to 15e. The Applicant has selected this open-cell foam type M1 because it gives outstanding results regarding the permeability to water vapor while providing compressive strength and comfort meeting the criteria of construction of a shoe. The foam layer 5 is preferably hydrophobic so that the water vapor is very little absorbed in said layer 5 and evaporates more rapidly from it to the atmosphere.

Dans une variante non représentée, une mousse est solidarisée sur la mousse 4b de la doublure interne 4 par un collage par points de façon à agrandir l'espace de ventilation verticale et améliorer ainsi le confort thermique de l'usager. Ladite mousse a de préférence une épaisseur de 2 mm.In a variant not shown, a foam is secured to the foam 4b of the inner liner 4 by spot bonding so as to enlarge the vertical ventilation space and thus improve the thermal comfort of the user. Said foam is preferably 2 mm thick.

Dans une variante non représentée, la couche de mousse 5 est amovible et se fixe de façon détachable par tous moyens connus de l'état de la technique de préférence au textile 4a de la doublure interne 4. On pourra ainsi prévoir des couches de mousse de taille, de densité et d'épaisseur variées selon l'activité et le ressenti de l'usager, qu'il disposera dans sa chaussure pour personnaliser son confort.In a variant not shown, the foam layer 5 is removable and detachably fixed by any means known from the state of the art, preferably to the textile 4a of the inner lining 4. It will thus be possible to provide foam layers of size, density and thickness varied according to the activity and feeling of the user, he will have in his shoe to customize his comfort.

Dans une variante non représentée, il est possible de laminer, par exemple par collage, selon la surface de la membrane imper-respirante 3 un tricot de protection afin de renforcer celle-ci, d'autant que les couches entrant dans la construction de la chaussure 1 sont décalées les unes par rapport aux autres et risquent de l'endommager. Les membranes imper-respirantes actuellement commercialisées sont dans 80% des cas seules et ne sont pas laminées avec d'autres matériaux, à charge à leurs utilisateurs de les transformer. Il existent également sur le marché des membranes imper-respirantes vendues dans un complexe imperméable et respirant, lequel est composé respectivement dans cet ordre d'une doublure par exemple un tricot de protection, éventuellement d'une mousse ou d'un mesh en trois dimensions et de la membrane imper-respirante. Selon la qualité et le coût visés de la chaussure imperméable 1, la membrane imper-respirante 3 peut être seule ou remplacée par un complexe imperméable et respirant tel que décrit ci-dessus.In a variant not shown, it is possible to laminate, for example by gluing, according to the surface of the breathable membrane 3 a protective knit to strengthen it, especially as the layers entering the construction of the shoe 1 are offset from each other and may damage it. The waterproof-breathable membranes currently marketed are 80% of the time alone and are not laminated with other materials, and their users have to transform them. There are also on the market waterproof-breathable membranes sold in a waterproof and breathable complex, which is respectively composed in this order of a lining for example a protective knit, possibly a foam or a mesh in three dimensions and the waterproof-breathable membrane. Depending on the quality and the targeted cost of the waterproof shoe 1, the breathable membrane 3 may be alone or replaced by a waterproof and breathable complex as described above.

Claims (16)

  1. A waterproof hiking shoe (1), comprising an upper (2), a waterproof, breathable membrane (3) and an inner liner (4) characterized in that it comprises an open cell foam layer (5) having a thickness of at least 5 mm, a permeability to water vapour greater than 75 mg/(cm2.8h), a CC40 force necessary to distort its initial thickness by 40% greater than 5 kPa on average and less than 20 kPa according to the ISO 3386-1: 1986 standard, capable of forming a vertical ventilation space and extending exclusively on either side of the rear inner portion of the shoe and intended to surround the hindfoot zone (6) over its entire height.
  2. The shoe (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the open cell foam layer (5) is cross-linked.
  3. The shoe (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the opening of the cells of the cross-linked foam layer (5) is obtained, during the cross-linking phase, by explosion of a mixture of gas in a closed chamber, preferably based on hydrogen and oxygen.
  4. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the foam layer has a permeability to water vapour greater than 100 mg/(cm2.8h).
  5. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the CC 40 force required to deform the initial thickness of the open cell foam layer (5) by 40% is greater than 7 kPa on average according to the ISO 3386-1: 1986 standard.
  6. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the foam layer (5) is hydrophobic.
  7. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the open cell foam layer (5) comprises a majority of cells of which at least one of the dimensions (L1, L2) is greater than 1 mm, preferably within the range from 2 mm to 4 mm.
  8. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the open cell foam layer (5) has a mass density on the order of 34 kg/m3.
  9. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the open cells of the foam layer (5) are delimited by edges (15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e) having a thickness (e1) on the order of 1 mm.
  10. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the foam layer has a thickness of at least 10 mm.
  11. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the foam layer (5) is a single part with a configuration that is asymmetrical with respect to a vertical plane corresponding to the median plane of the shoe.
  12. The shoe (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the part (5) includes a median cut-out (11) in its lower portion, corresponding to the zone facing the base of the Achilles tendon.
  13. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the foam layer (5) is positioned between the inner liner (4) and the waterproof, breathable membrane (3).
  14. The shoe (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the foam layer is positioned on the outside of the inner liner (4), being intended to come into contact with the foot.
  15. A walking outfit including a hiking shoe (1) and at least one removable part (5) which is an open cell foam layer having a thickness greater than 5 mm, a permeability to water vapour greater than 75 mg/(cm2.8h), a CC40 force necessary to deform its initial thickness by 40% greater than 5 kPa on average and less than 20 kPa according to the ISO 3386-1: 1986 standard, capable of forming a vertical ventilation space, intended to be applied by the user to the inside of the shoe so that it extends exclusively on either side of the rear portion surrounding the hindfoot zone (6) over its entire height.
  16. The walking outfit according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of removable parts (5), with different thicknesses and/or porosities and/or densities.
EP07823750.0A 2006-08-28 2007-08-28 Impermeable shoe Active EP2056687B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0607559A FR2905053B1 (en) 2006-08-28 2006-08-28 IMPERMEABLE SHOE.
PCT/FR2007/051851 WO2008025927A2 (en) 2006-08-28 2007-08-28 Impermeable shoe

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EP2056687A2 EP2056687A2 (en) 2009-05-13
EP2056687B1 true EP2056687B1 (en) 2016-12-14

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EP (1) EP2056687B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101573057B (en)
ES (1) ES2607790T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2905053B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008025927A2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7793426B2 (en) 2006-11-30 2010-09-14 C. & J. Clark America, Inc. Vented shoe assembly
US8919011B2 (en) 2006-11-30 2014-12-30 C. & J. Clark International Limited Footwear with air circulation system
KR101740936B1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2017-05-29 심파텍스 테흐놀로지스 게엠베하 Shoe and article of clothing having improved breathability
TW201902377A (en) * 2017-06-13 2019-01-16 双邦實業股份有限公司 Three-dimensional moisture-permeable waterproof socks shoes

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US4845862A (en) * 1987-03-11 1989-07-11 Burlington Industries, Inc. Cold weather footwear
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FR2681514B1 (en) * 1991-09-24 1993-12-24 Christian Philippe COMBINED AIR INNER SOLE FOR FOOTWEAR.
DE9211209U1 (en) * 1991-09-30 1992-11-19 Lukas Meindl GmbH & Co KG Fabrik für Sportschuhe und Lederbekleidung, 8229 Kirchanschöring Support and ventilation system for sports shoes
ITPD980157A1 (en) * 1998-06-25 1999-12-25 Nottington Holding Bv BREATHABLE AND WATERPROOF SOLE FOR FOOTWEAR
WO2004002729A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2004-01-08 Baychar Moisture transfer liner for alpine boots, snowboard boots, inline skates, hockey skates, hiking boots and the like
WO2006132624A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-14 The Timberland Company Chimney structures for footwear and foot coverings

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WO2008025927A3 (en) 2008-04-17
ES2607790T3 (en) 2017-04-04
FR2905053A1 (en) 2008-02-29
FR2905053B1 (en) 2008-12-05
WO2008025927A2 (en) 2008-03-06
CN101573057A (en) 2009-11-04
CN101573057B (en) 2011-11-30
EP2056687A2 (en) 2009-05-13

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