EP2053690A1 - Radome with integrated plasma shutter - Google Patents
Radome with integrated plasma shutter Download PDFInfo
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- EP2053690A1 EP2053690A1 EP08018110A EP08018110A EP2053690A1 EP 2053690 A1 EP2053690 A1 EP 2053690A1 EP 08018110 A EP08018110 A EP 08018110A EP 08018110 A EP08018110 A EP 08018110A EP 2053690 A1 EP2053690 A1 EP 2053690A1
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- Prior art keywords
- radome
- plasma
- electrodes
- antenna
- honeycomb
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/425—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising a metallic grid
Definitions
- the invention relates to a radome with integrated plasma closure according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the radome is designed to be electromagnetically transparent only in the desired frequency range and / or only at times when the antenna is active.
- Frequency-selective radomes can be realized with different methods, depending on the requirement profile. Specifically, the use of one or more thin structured metal layers, so-called frequency-selective layers (FSS), which have a pronounced frequency dependence of the electromagnetic transparency is, for example, from US 6,218,978 known.
- FSS frequency-selective layers
- Switchable radomes can be realized in different ways.
- mechanical closure systems are known in which diaphragms are pushed in front of the antenna.
- Another approach is to introduce layers into the radome whose surface impedance is variable, such as through the use of PIN diodes or photoresistors in accordance with DE 39 20 110 C2 ,
- the variable layer can be electrically conductive and thus reflective or electrically insulating and thus transparent.
- a plasma layer is electric conductive, and depending on the charge density in the plasma, a sufficiently high electrical conductivity for reflection or attenuation of electromagnetic waves can be achieved. This behavior is already used for plasma-based antennas, see eg US 5,182,496 , By switching the plasma on and off, the desired switching operation can be achieved.
- plasma capture involves the question of integrating the plasma volume into the radome structure.
- a plasma shutter system has become known in which the space between the antenna and radome is filled with a plasma.
- Another concept according to the DE 43 36 841 C1 assumes plasma-filled tubes in front of the antenna, where the plasma is generated by lateral, not in the field of view of the antenna lying electrodes.
- a disadvantage of the latter concept is the fact that the closure element relative to the radon is a separate component, so that the stability of the radome is reduced by the installation of the closure element.
- the integration of the closure element in the radome also leads to additional Radarstreuzentren the radome, which affects the radar signature unfavorable.
- the two electrodes for plasma generation are arranged laterally on the narrow sides of the plasma-guiding layer, which reduces the homogeneity of the electromagnetic field within the plasma-guiding layer.
- the invention has for its object to provide a radome with integrated plasma shutter to protect the antenna against unwanted radiation incidence, with which the structural strength and the radar signature of the radome are not adversely affected.
- the present invention is based on the concept of integrating the plasma-guiding layer in the honeycomb core of the sandwiched radome structure and causing the plasma to be generated by electrodes that are RF-transparent at least in the operating frequency range of the antenna.
- cover plates of the sandwich structure delimiting the plasma layer thus themselves form part of the load-bearing radome primary structure, and the honeycomb structure containing the plasma-guiding layer forms a structural bond with the cover plates.
- An HF-transparent electrode is in particular formed like a layer and can e.g. be realized in the form of a grid-shaped layer.
- the lattice constant is selected such that HF transparency is ensured, at least in the operating frequency range of the antenna (for a radar antenna, for example, in the range from 8 to 12 GHz).
- more complex periodic structures are possible, such as circular or annular slots in a continuous metal layer.
- Another possibility is to use an electrically low-conductivity layer whose reflection factor is included in the radome design.
- the electrodes are realized as frequency-selective layers.
- slot-type types of frequency-selective layers can be used in which a continuous metal layer has structured slots.
- These layers can be designed as bandpass filters, so that the own operating frequencies of the antenna system are transmitted through the radome, but other frequencies are reflected or absorbed.
- the radome 1 As in Fig. 1
- the radome 1 according to the invention with integrated plasma shutter covers an underlying antenna system 2. It is equipped with a plasma-guiding layer 3 located in or directly on the radome, the plasma being conveyed via electrodes (in FIG Fig. 1 not shown) is excited from frequency-selective layers.
- Fig. 1 shows the principal mechanism of action.
- the antenna system 2 is shown in this case as a pivoting radar antenna, but without limitation of generality, any other electromagnetically active antenna system, such as a communication antenna, a radar warning receiver or a jammer, be mounted under the radome.
- the geometry of the Radome 1 is usually based on geometric requirements for radar signature reduction of the outer shape.
- the basic principle known per se for the use of a plasma layer 3 as a variable reflector is based on the fact that the plasma-guiding layer 3 is located between a plasma state (FIG Fig. 1 ) and a recombined state ( Figure a) in Fig. 1 ) can be switched back and forth.
- the plasma state which is generated by applying the voltage to the electrodes
- the plasma-guiding layer 3 becomes electrically conductive and reflects all the incident electromagnetic waves 7, 8.
- the plasma-conducting layer is electrically nonconductive and thus electromagnetically transparent. Accordingly, the shaft 5 passes through the radome.
- the plasma state is always set. Only in times in which the antenna is active, is switched to the recombined plasma state.
- the plasma is generated by arranged on the radome, layer-shaped frequency-selective electrodes, which are permeable to electromagnetic radiation only within a certain frequency range, namely the operating frequency range of the antenna. This results in the recombined state of the plasma protection against the ingress of unwanted radiation. This is with the radiation 4 in Fig. 1 a) indicated, which is reflected at a frequency-selective layer.
- Fig. 2 shows the construction of the radome according to the invention in detail.
- the plasma-guiding layer comprises a honeycomb core 9 (in this case with cells of hexagonal cross section), which is embedded between the two layered electrodes 10, 11.
- the plasma-carrying layer with the adjacent electrodes is in turn mounted between the cover layers 12, 13 of the radome structure.
- the honeycomb core 9 in contrast to known approaches the plasma-conducting layer, ie the honeycomb core 9, with the cover layers 12, 13 has a structural bond.
- Cellular shapes of hexagonal cross-section are generally particularly suitable for the honeycomb core. But other cell forms, e.g. with triangular or square cell cross sections are possible.
- a peripheral frame 21 is attached to the edge which serves to connect the radome to the surrounding structure.
- the radome is divided into an electromagnetically transparent part 19 and an electromagnetically non-transparent part 20, which may be electromagnetically closed in a special embodiment by a continuous electrically conductive layer 22.
- additional protective layers 14 may be attached against rain erosion.
- additional frequency-selective layers in the Radomdeck Anlagenen 12,13 or on the surface of the radome are conceivable to adjust the bandpass behavior more precisely.
- the electrodes 10,11 are formed in layers and consist in the embodiment shown of frequency-selective layers. Particularly suitable as electrodes are slot-type types of frequency-selective layers in which a continuous metal layer has structured slots. In the embodiment shown, the two electrodes 10, 11 each have a regular pattern formed by cross-shaped slots. Such layers can be designed as a bandpass filter, that is, the own operating frequencies of the antenna system 2 are transmitted through the radome 1, but other frequencies reflected or absorbed. Because of their RF transparency in the range of the operating frequencies of the antenna, the electrodes can be easily arranged in the field of view of the antenna.
- the honeycomb In order for a gas mixture suitable for the generation of a plasma to be introduced into the plasma-guiding layer at a suitable negative pressure, the honeycomb is perforated 15 and thus permeable to air in its plane, so that flushing of the plasma-guiding layer with a suitable gas mixture through one or more connections 18 and suction is possible until reaching the necessary negative pressure to generate the plasma. After setting the desired gas mixture and pressure levels, the connection (s) is closed, this process can be repeated at appropriate intervals for maintenance purposes.
- the honeycomb 9 is also additionally coated with a protective layer in order to avoid removal of the honeycomb material by the aggressive plasma.
- the two frequency-selective layers 10, 11 serving as electrodes are connected to a high-voltage source 17 via a switching device 16, so that when the high voltage is applied, the plasma in the plasma-guiding layer can be ignited.
- Fig. 3 shows the schematic structure according to Fig. 2 in three-dimensional representation.
- the plasma-guiding layer is not a conventional honeycomb but a so-called folding honeycomb 5, as described in US Pat US 5,028,474 , is described.
- Such folded honeycombs are formed by bending a flat, closed material layer at defined bend lines.
- the folding honeycomb 30 is integrated instead of the normal honeycomb in the Radomiscus with the two outer layers 12,13 and the optional protective layers 14.
- additional frequency-selective layers are integrated in or on the Radomiscus.
- Folded honeycombs are characterized by the fact that the honeycomb structure can form continuous airways and the folding honeycomb can therefore be ventilated. The need for conventional honeycomb perforation can be eliminated.
- folding honeycomb by definition can be developed, so that the electrodes of frequency-selective layers can be applied directly to both sides of the honeycomb material before folding the honeycomb.
- the electrodes 31 are applied to the flat honeycomb feedstock 32 on both sides of frequency-selective layers between the later fold lines 36, for example, printed. Rows of electrodes of the same polarity are connected in parallel by short conductor tracks 34, so that the rows connected in parallel can be contacted from the side together. In this case, in each case the same polarity should be applied to both sides of the honeycomb material at opposite electrodes in order to avoid electrical breakdown by the honeycomb material.
- Fig. 6 shows the structure of the radome according to the invention according to Fig. 4 and 5 in three-dimensional representation.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Radom mit darin integriertem Plasmaverschluss nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a radome with integrated plasma closure according to the preamble of
Antennen (z.B. von Radargeräten, aber auch von anderen Sensoren oder Kommunikationseinrichtungen) an Fluggeräten, aber auch an Schiffen oder Bodenstationen werden oft durch elektromagnetisch transparente Abdeckungen, so genannte Radome, von der Umwelt abgeschottet. Bei Radomen von militärischen Fluggeräten besteht dabei das Problem, das die für den Betrieb des darunter liegenden Antennensystems notwendige elektromagnetische Transparenz des Radoms dieses auch mehr oder weniger durchgängig für andere, unerwünschte elektromagnetische Wellen macht. Als Konsequenz daraus ergibt sich:
- Die Radarsignatur eines Radoms mit darunter liegender Antenne ist in der Regel aufgrund der Reflexionen aus dem Radominneren wesentlich höher als die Radarsignatur, die sich aus der Außengeometrie des Radoms bei leitfähiger bzw. radarabsorbierender Ausgestaltung ergeben würde.
- Die Antenne und die umgebenden Einbauten werden ungehindert durch in das Radom eindringende Störstrahlung beaufschlagt. Diese Störstrahlung kann entweder gezielt auf die Antenne und die umgebenden Einbauten gerichtet sein (z.B. von einem Störsender), oder von beliebigen Quellen stammen (z.B. von anderen Radargeräten oder anderen Strahlungsquellen).
- The radar signature of a radome with underlying antenna is usually much higher than the radar signature, which would result from the outer geometry of the radome in conductive or radar-absorbing design due to the reflections from the Radominneren.
- The antenna and the surrounding internals are exposed unimpeded by interfering radiation penetrating into the radome. This interfering radiation can either be directed to the antenna and the surrounding internals (eg from a jammer), or originate from any sources (eg from other radars or other radiation sources).
Diese Problematik kann gemildert oder ganz verhindert werden, wenn das Radom nur in dem gewünschten Frequenzbereich und/oder nur zu den Zeiten, in denen die Antenne aktiv ist, elektromagnetisch transparent gestaltet wird.This problem can be mitigated or completely prevented if the radome is designed to be electromagnetically transparent only in the desired frequency range and / or only at times when the antenna is active.
Um dies zu erreichen, sind bereits verschiedene Verfahren bekannt:
- So genannte frequenzselektive Radome weisen eine Abhängigkeit der elektromagnetischen Transparenz als Funktion der Frequenz auf, so dass der eigene Arbeitsfrequenzbereich mehr oder weniger ungehindert durch das Radom hindurchgelassen wird, andere Frequenzbereiche jedoch geblockt bzw. stark gedämpft werden. Je nach Design und Anforderung kann es sich bei dem durch das frequenzselektive Radom gebildeten Frequenzfilter um ein Bandpass-, ein Hochpass- oder ein Tiefpass-Verhalten handeln.
- Schaltbare Radome können zwischen einem elektromagnetisch transparentem und einem elektromagnetisch reflektierenden oder absorbierenden Zustand hin- und hergeschaltet werden.
- So-called frequency-selective radomes have a dependence of electromagnetic transparency as a function of frequency, so that the own working frequency range is more or less freely passed through the radome, but other frequency ranges are blocked or greatly attenuated. Depending on the design and requirement, the frequency filter formed by the frequency-selective radome may be a bandpass, highpass, or lowpass response.
- Switchable radomes can be switched between an electromagnetically transparent and an electromagnetically reflecting or absorbing state.
Frequenzselektive Radome können, je nach Anforderungsprofil, mit unterschiedlichen Methoden realisiert werden. Speziell die Verwendung von einer oder mehreren dünnen strukturierten Metallschichten, sogenannten Frequenzselektiven Schichten (FSS), die eine ausgeprägte Frequenzabhängigkeit der elektromagnetischen Transparenz aufweisen, ist z.B. aus der
Schaltbare Radome können auf verschiedene Arten und Weisen realisiert werden. So sind mechanische Verschlusssysteme bekannte, bei denen Blenden vor die Antenne geschoben werden. Ein anderer Antritt besteht in dem Einführen von Schichten in das Radom, deren Flächenimpedanz variabel ist, etwa durch den Einsatz von PIN Dioden oder von Photowiderständen gemäß
Ein weiterer Ansatz zur Realisierung einer variablen Schicht ist die Verwendung einer Schicht bzw. eines Volumens aus Plasma. Eine Plasmaschicht ist elektrisch leitend, und je nach Ladungsdichte im Plasma kann eine ausreichend hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit zur Reflexion bzw. Dämpfung von elektromagnetischen Wellen erreicht werden. Dieses Verhalten wird bereits für plasma-basierte Antennen benutzt, siehe z.B.
Prinzipiell besteht bei einem Plasmaverschluss die Frage der Integration des Plasmavolumens in den Radomaufbau. Von der russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ist ein Plasmaverschlussystem bekannt geworden, bei dem der Raum zwischen Antenne und Radom mit einem Plasma gefüllt wird. Ein anderes Konzept gemäß der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Radom mit integriertem Plasmaverschluss zum Schutz der Antenne gegen unerwünschten Strahlungseinfall zu schaffen, mit dem die Strukturfestigkeit und die Radarsignatur des Radoms nicht negativ beeinflusst werden.The invention has for its object to provide a radome with integrated plasma shutter to protect the antenna against unwanted radiation incidence, with which the structural strength and the radar signature of the radome are not adversely affected.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem Gegenstand des Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved with the subject of
Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf dem Konzept, die plasmaführende Schicht in den Wabenkern der als Sandwich ausgebildeten Radomstruktur zu integrieren und die Generierunq des Plasmas durch Elektroden zu bewirken, die zumindest im Betriebsfrequenzbereich der Antenne HF-transparent sind.The present invention is based on the concept of integrating the plasma-guiding layer in the honeycomb core of the sandwiched radome structure and causing the plasma to be generated by electrodes that are RF-transparent at least in the operating frequency range of the antenna.
Die die Plasmaschicht begrenzenden Deckplatten der Sandwichstruktur bilden somit selbst einen Teil der lastaufnehmenden Radom-Primärstruktur und die Wabenstruktur, welche die plasmaführende Schicht enthält, bildet mit den Deckplatten einen strukturellen Verbund.The cover plates of the sandwich structure delimiting the plasma layer thus themselves form part of the load-bearing radome primary structure, and the honeycomb structure containing the plasma-guiding layer forms a structural bond with the cover plates.
Diese Vorgehensweisweise hat eine Reihe von Vorteilen gegenüber den bislang bekannten Verfahren:
- Durch die Integration des Plasmavolumens in den Kern eines Radomaufbaus weist die äußere Grenzfläche des Plasmavolumens nahezu dieselbe Geometrie wie die Radomschale auf, und kann damit auf der Basis der etablierten Regeln zur Formgebung geometrisch in ihrer Radarsignatur getarnt werden.
- Da der Plasmaverschluss selbst Teil der lastaufnehmenden Primärstruktur des Radoms ist, bewirkt der Plasmaverschluss keine Schwächung der Radomstruktur.
- Der Plasmaverschluss ist ohne die Erzeugung zusätzlicher Streuzentren in das Radom integrierbar.
- Aufgrund der Transparenz der Elektroden können diese im Sichtfeld der Antenne angeordnet werden. Die Homogenität des elektromagnetischen Feldes innerhalb der plasmaführenden Schicht wird somit verbessert, so dass eine zuverlässige und präzise Steuerung des Plasmazustands möglich ist.
- By integrating the plasma volume into the core of a radome assembly, the outer interface of the plasma volume has nearly the same geometry as the radome shell, and thus can be disguised geometrically in its radar signature based on the established rules of shaping.
- Since the plasma closure itself is part of the load-bearing primary structure of the radome, the plasma closure does not weaken the radome structure.
- The plasma shutter can be integrated into the radome without the creation of additional scattering centers.
- Due to the transparency of the electrodes, these can be arranged in the field of view of the antenna. The homogeneity of the electromagnetic field within the plasma-guiding layer is thus improved, so that a reliable and precise control of the plasma state is possible.
Eine HF-transparente Elektrode ist insbesondere schichtartig ausgebildet und kann z.B. in Form einer gitterförmigen Schicht realisiert werden. Dabei wird die Gitterkonstante so gewählt wird, dass HF-Transparenz zumindest im Betriebsfrequenzbereich der Antenne (für eine Radarantenne z.B. im Bereich von 8 bis 12 GHz) gewährleistet ist. Neben einer reinen Gitteranordnung sind auch komplexere periodische Strukturen möglich, wie etwa kreis- oder ringförmige Schlitze in einer durchgehenden Metallschicht. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, eine elektrisch niedrig leitende Schicht zu verwenden, deren Reflexionsfaktor in die Radomauslegung einbezogen wird.An HF-transparent electrode is in particular formed like a layer and can e.g. be realized in the form of a grid-shaped layer. In this case, the lattice constant is selected such that HF transparency is ensured, at least in the operating frequency range of the antenna (for a radar antenna, for example, in the range from 8 to 12 GHz). In addition to a pure grid arrangement, more complex periodic structures are possible, such as circular or annular slots in a continuous metal layer. Another possibility is to use an electrically low-conductivity layer whose reflection factor is included in the radome design.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführung werden die Elektroden als frequenzselektive Schichten realisiert. Hierbei können insbesondere schlitzartige Typen frequenzselektiver Schichten eingesetzt werden, bei denen eine durchgängige Metallschicht strukturierte Schlitze aufweist. Diese Schichten können als Bandpassfilter ausgelegt werden, so dass die eigenen Betriebsfrequenzen des Antennensystems durch das Radom hindurchgelassen werden, andere Frequenzen aber reflektiert oder auch absorbiert werden.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the electrodes are realized as frequency-selective layers. In particular, slot-type types of frequency-selective layers can be used in which a continuous metal layer has structured slots. These layers can be designed as bandpass filters, so that the own operating frequencies of the antenna system are transmitted through the radome, but other frequencies are reflected or absorbed.
Der Einsatz frequenzselektiver Schichten hat insbesondere die folgenden Vorteile:
- Die Kombination von frequenzselektiven Schichten und Plasmaverschluss erlaubt es, die Bandpass-Charakteristik einer FSS mit dem Schaltverhalten des Plasmavolumens zu verbinden und somit den Schutz gegenüber unerwünschter Strahlung weiter zu verbessern.
- Da die Elektroden zur Plasmaerzeugung gleichzeitig als FSS des Bandpassradoms dienen können, stören sie die Bandpass-Funktion des Radoms nicht, sondern bewirken diese selbst.
- Die Elektroden aus frequenzselektiven Schichten können ohne Einschränkungen des Betriebs der Antenne im Sichtfeld der Antenne angeordnet sein.
- The combination of frequency-selective layers and plasma closure allows the band-pass characteristics of an FSS to be combined with the switching behavior of the plasma volume, thus further improving the protection against unwanted radiation.
- Since the electrodes for plasma generation can simultaneously serve as FSS of the bandpass radome, they do not interfere with the bandpass function of the radome, but cause it itself.
- The electrodes of frequency-selective layers can be arranged in the field of view of the antenna without restrictions on the operation of the antenna.
Die Erfindung wird anhand konkreter Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf Fig. näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- den prinzipiellen Wirkmechanismus des erfindungsgemäßen Radoms:
a) im rekombinierten Zustand des Plasmas,
b) im Plasmazustand, - Fig. 2
- den Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Radoms mit integriertem Plasmaverschluss in schematischer Darstellung,
- Fig. 3
- eine räumliche Darstellung des Radoms nach
Fig. 2 , - Fig. 4
- den Aufbau einer weiteren Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Radoms mit Faltwabe als Kern,
- Fig. 5
- eine schematische Darstellung zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Radoms mit Faltwabenkern nach
Fig. 4 , - Fig. 6
- eine räumliche Darstellung des Radoms mit Faltwabenkern nach
Fig. 4 .
- Fig. 1
- the principal mode of action of the radome according to the invention:
a) in the recombined state of the plasma,
b) in the plasma state, - Fig. 2
- the construction of a radome according to the invention with integrated plasma shutter in a schematic representation,
- Fig. 3
- a spatial representation of the radome after
Fig. 2 . - Fig. 4
- the construction of a further embodiment of the invention radome with folded honeycomb core,
- Fig. 5
- a schematic representation of the production of a radome according to the invention with folded honeycomb core according to
Fig. 4 . - Fig. 6
- a spatial representation of the radome with folded honeycomb core
Fig. 4 ,
Wie in
Das an sich bekannte Grundprinzip der Verwendung einer Plasmaschicht 3 als variabler Reflektor beruht darauf, dass die plasmaführende Schicht 3 zwischen einem Plasmazustand (Abb. b in
Im Einsatz wird grundsätzlich der Plasmazustand eingestellt. Nur in Zeiten, in denen die Antenne aktiv ist, wird in den rekombinierten Plasmazustand umgeschaltet.In use, the plasma state is always set. Only in times in which the antenna is active, is switched to the recombined plasma state.
Das Plasma wird durch am Radom angeordnete, schichtförmige frequenzselektive Elektroden erzeugt, welche nur innerhalb eines bestimmten Frequenzbereichs, nämlich dem Betriebsfrequenzbereich der Antenne, für elektromagnetische Strahlung durchlässig sind. Dadurch ergibt sich auch im rekombinierten Zustand des Plasmas ein Schutz gegen den Einfall unerwünschter Strahlung. Dies ist mit der Strahlung 4 in
Besonders geeignet für den Wabenkern sind generell Zellformen mit sechseckigem Querschnitt (z.B. in der Form eines gleichseitigen Sechseckes - sogenannte Honeycombs). Aber auch andere Zellformen, z.B. mit dreieckigen oder viereckigen Zellenquerschnitten sind möglich.Cellular shapes of hexagonal cross-section (e.g., in the shape of an equilateral hexagon - so-called honeycombs) are generally particularly suitable for the honeycomb core. But other cell forms, e.g. with triangular or square cell cross sections are possible.
Optional ist am Rand noch ein umlaufender Rahmen 21 angebracht der zum Anschluss des Radoms an die umgebende Struktur dient. Damit teilt sich das Radom in einen elektromagnetisch transparenten Teil 19 und in einen elektromagnetisch nicht transparenten Teil 20 auf, welcher in einer speziellen Ausführung durch eine durchgehende elektrisch leitfähige Schicht 22 elektromagnetisch verschlossen sein kann. Auf der Außenseite können optional noch zusätzliche Schutzschichten 14 gegen Regenerosion angebracht sein. Auch sind zusätzliche frequenzselektive Schichten in den Radomdeckschichten 12,13 oder an der Oberfläche des Radoms denkbar, um das Bandpassverhalten noch genauer einzustellen.Optionally, a
Die Elektroden 10,11 sind schichtförmig ausgebildet und bestehen in der gezeigten Ausführung aus frequenzselektiven Schichten. Besonders als Elektroden geeignet sind schlitzartige Typen frequenzselektiver Schichten, bei denen eine durchgängige Metallschicht strukturierte Schlitze aufweist. In der gezeigten Ausführung weisen die beiden Elektroden 10,11 jeweils ein regelmäßiges Muster, gebildet aus kreuzförmigen Schlitzen auf. Derartige Schichten können als Bandpassfilter ausgelegt sein, das heißt die eigenen Betriebsfrequenzen des Antennensystems 2 werden durch das Radom 1 hindurchgelassen, andere Frequenzen aber reflektiert oder auch absorbiert. Wegen ihrer HF-Transparenz im Bereich der Betriebsfrequenzen der Antenne können die Elektroden problemlos im Sichtfeld der Antenne angeordnet werden.The
Damit ein für die Erzeugung eines Plasmas geeignetes Gasgemisch bei einem geeigneten Unterdruck in die plasmaführende Schicht eingebracht werden kann, ist die Wabe perforiert 15 und damit in ihrer Ebene luftdurchlässig, so dass durch einen oder mehrere Anschlüsse 18 ein Spülen der plasmaführenden Schicht mit einem geeigneten Gasgemisch sowie ein Absaugen bis zum Erreichen des notwendigen Unterdrucks zur Generierung des Plasmas möglich wird. Nach Einstellung des gewünschten Gasgemischs und Druckniveaus wird der oder die Anschlüsse verschlossen, dieser Vorgang kann zu Wartungszwecken in geeigneten Zeitabständen wiederholt werden.In order for a gas mixture suitable for the generation of a plasma to be introduced into the plasma-guiding layer at a suitable negative pressure, the honeycomb is perforated 15 and thus permeable to air in its plane, so that flushing of the plasma-guiding layer with a suitable gas mixture through one or
Falls nötig, ist die Wabe 9 auch zusätzlich mit einer Schutzschicht beschichtet, um einen Abtrag des Wabenmaterials durch das aggressive Plasma zu vermeiden.If necessary, the
Die beiden als Elektroden dienenden frequenzselektiven Schichten 10,11 sind über eine Schaltvorrichtung 16 mit einer Hochspannungsquelle 17 verbunden, so dass bei Anlegen der Hochspannung das Plasma in der plasmaführenden Schicht zünden kann.The two frequency-
Eine weitere Variante ergibt sich, in dem als plasmaführende Schicht keine konventionelle Wabe, sondern eine sogenannte Faltwabe 5 ist, wie sie in der
Wie in
Faltwaben zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass die Wabenstruktur durchgängige Luftwege bilden können und die Faltwabe daher belüftet werden kann. Die bei herkömmlichen Waben notwendige Perforierung kann damit entfallen. Zudem sind Faltwaben per Definition abwickelbar, so dass die Elektroden aus frequenzselektiven Schichten vor dem Falten der Wabe direkt auf beide Seiten des Wabenmaterials aufgebracht werden können.Folded honeycombs are characterized by the fact that the honeycomb structure can form continuous airways and the folding honeycomb can therefore be ventilated. The need for conventional honeycomb perforation can be eliminated. In addition, folding honeycomb by definition can be developed, so that the electrodes of frequency-selective layers can be applied directly to both sides of the honeycomb material before folding the honeycomb.
Wie in
Das so vorbehandelte ebene Wabenmaterial wird dann, nach Vorprägung der Knicklinien zur Faltwabe 30 zusammengeschoben.The thus pre-treated flat honeycomb material is then pushed together after Präprägung the fold lines to the
Claims (6)
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DE102007051243A DE102007051243B3 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2007-10-26 | Radome with integrated plasma shutter |
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EP2053690B1 EP2053690B1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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EP08018110A Active EP2053690B1 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2008-10-16 | Radome with integrated plasma shutter |
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EP2053690B1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
DE102007051243B3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
US8159407B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 |
US20090109115A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
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