EP1967339A2 - Method and device for compacting dry mixtures - Google Patents

Method and device for compacting dry mixtures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1967339A2
EP1967339A2 EP08003921A EP08003921A EP1967339A2 EP 1967339 A2 EP1967339 A2 EP 1967339A2 EP 08003921 A EP08003921 A EP 08003921A EP 08003921 A EP08003921 A EP 08003921A EP 1967339 A2 EP1967339 A2 EP 1967339A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
vibrating table
frame
vibration
elastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08003921A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1967339A3 (en
EP1967339B1 (en
Inventor
Günter Dipl.-Phys. Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IAB Institut fuer Angewandte Bauforschung Weimar gGmbH
Original Assignee
Fertigteiltechnik und Fertigbau Consult GmbH
GB - Consult GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Fertigteiltechnik und Fertigbau Consult GmbH, GB - Consult GmbH filed Critical Fertigteiltechnik und Fertigbau Consult GmbH
Priority to PL08003921T priority Critical patent/PL1967339T3/en
Publication of EP1967339A2 publication Critical patent/EP1967339A2/en
Publication of EP1967339A3 publication Critical patent/EP1967339A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1967339B1 publication Critical patent/EP1967339B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/022—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form combined with vibrating or jolting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/087—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
    • B28B1/0873—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould the mould being placed on vibrating or jolting supports, e.g. moulding tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/022—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space whereby the material is subjected to vibrations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the compression of dry mixtures such as earth-moist concrete in the manufacture of stones. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding method.
  • Such devices and a corresponding method are used for example for the production of concrete blocks or the like. Moldings in industrial production. Conventional machines use the so-called shock vibration for compacting, wherein a vibrating table is vibrated with this associated unbalance exciter and a mold located on the vibrating table is likewise set in vibration with the filled mixture. So that the mold can oscillate relatively freely, it is mounted in a pneumatic clamping of form. Due to the vibrations, the mold lifts in the upward movement of the swinging table and beats in the downward movement on so-called Klopfleisten so that there are bouncing high acceleration intensity. As a result, a compression of the relatively difficult to process dry concrete is achieved. On the other hand, the bouncing blows also produce a high level of noise. In addition, a complicated machine setting is necessary to enforce these bounce impacts.
  • the mold is fixed by separate, in particular hydraulically actuated, clamping devices on the vibrating table.
  • the means for generating the Verspannkraft are mounted directly on the vibrating table and resonate with this and the shape with. To attach the form, this has special recordings, which means a considerable effort especially in a large variety of forms.
  • the operation of clamping may result in a time delay resulting in a reduced productivity of up to 20%.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to improve the process and to propose an improved connection between the mold and the vibrating table, which facilitates the attachment and the decoating of the molds and allows higher productivity.
  • a device for compressing, in particular, dry mixture, such as, for example, earth-moist concrete, by vibration at least one mounted in a swing table suspension in the device vibrating table and at least one clamped form and at least a Formhubzylinder provided for lifting the mold from the vibrating table, wherein the mold is mounted by means of at least one elastic mounting in the device.
  • This elastic bearing is preferably designed and arranged so that the form is decoupled from the swing table suspension mounted in the device.
  • this makes it possible for the mold to be clamped to the vibrating table simultaneously with the lowering of the mold onto the vibrating table.
  • a separate clamping process by means of separate Verspannstoff can be omitted.
  • This time saving leads to an increase in productivity and the clock cycles can be reduced.
  • the elastic bearing of the mold advantageously causes the mold to vibrate together with the vibrating table.
  • hydraulic cylinders are provided as mold lift cylinders, which can be moved bidirectionally. Therefore, the mold can be both raised and lowered.
  • at least two Formhubzylinder are provided.
  • the elastic mounting is in particular designed such that in a state in which the mold is lowered onto the oscillation table, the shape is also deflected during a deflection of the oscillation table and is pressed against the oscillation table due to the elastic restoring force.
  • the elastic support of the mold is arranged in series with the at least one mold lifting cylinder in a force flow connection between a force introduction to the device and a force introduction of the mold.
  • a force introduction is to be understood as a suspension point on a frame or a holder of the device for suspending the storage of the form, for example.
  • the order can be both the order of introduction of force - Formhubzylinder - elastic storage - shape and the order of force introduction - elastic storage - Shaping cylinder - be provided form. It goes without saying that within this power flow connection still more connecting parts or the like. May be arranged.
  • the invention also relates to a device, in particular one of the embodiments described above, for compacting dry mixtures, in particular earth-moist concrete, with at least one arranged on a vibrating table, which is suitable for generating a vibration, or arranged thereon a backing board for producing at least one Molded part of the mixture, in particular for producing a concrete block, and with at least one Formhubzylinder for lifting the mold from the vibrating table after compressing the batch by vibration, wherein the at least one Formhubzylinder and the mold and / or their storage are adapted to each other in that the shape of the at least one mold lifting cylinder can be fixed on the latter even when the vibrating table is actuated.
  • the Formhubzylinder and the shape or their storage are preferably adapted to each other so that the mold is pressed onto the backing board, so that the shape can not stand out from the swinging table and the vibrating table, the backing board and the form of vibration form a single unit, in particular harmonious, d. H. preferably purely sinusoidal, oscillates with the predetermined from the vibrating table mounted unbalance exciter sequence.
  • the or the Formhubzylinder are in particular so dimensioned that at a conventional hydraulic system pressure of the stone molding machine, for example, 200 bar, the contact pressure is greater than the force required for the downward acceleration of the swing table to accelerate down the mold.
  • the vibrating table and the mold are mounted elastically in a frame or frame.
  • the frame or the Frame is for example made up of vertical columns with at least one cross-beam.
  • the oscillating table is elastically mounted in the frame or frame, and that the mold is elastically mounted on or in the at least one Formhubzylinder which is rigidly connected to the frame or frame. This allows a simple assembly of at least one Formhubzylinders, since hydraulic lines must be subject to its supply to any movement.
  • the elastic bearings of the vibrating table and the mold are configured such that the at least one Formhubzylinder is elastically connected to the frame or frame and that the at least one Formhubzylinder is rigidly connected to the mold.
  • the rigid connection between the Formhubzylinder and the mold may alternatively be provided an elastic connection.
  • the elastic bearings of the vibrating table and the mold are matched to one another such that the spring properties are at least approximately identical so that the vibrating table and the mold essentially form a single mass system.
  • swinging table and form swing in-phase with the same amplitude may be favorable if the elastic bearings of the vibrating table and the mold are matched to one another such that the spring properties are at least approximately identical so that the vibrating table and the mold essentially form a single mass system.
  • Tuning of the swinging behavior can be improved if the elastic support of the mold is variable to bring about matching of the elastic supports of the vibrating table and the mold to each other.
  • a variable parameter for example, the position or the distance of the storage of the vibrating table, the contact pressure, the damping or be provided the restoring force.
  • the restoring force can be achieved, for example, by using a pneumatic bearing, if the corresponding air pressure is adjusted.
  • the tuning can be improved if the device has a displacement measuring element for measuring the depth of the spring elements and a control or regulating unit, by means of which the contact pressure of the mold is adjustable in dependence on the depth to perform the vote. Also alternatively or additionally, an improvement of the vote can be achieved if the device has at least one pressure sensor for measuring the hydraulic pressure when pressing the spring elements and a control or regulating unit, by means of which the contact pressure of the mold is adjustable to carry out the tuning.
  • an evaluation unit is additionally provided, by means of which different measured variables of the device are comparable with each other and / or with predetermined values. This makes it possible to draw conclusions from deviations to changes in the spring characteristics of the spring elements and thus to operate the device in an optimal operating condition.
  • a brake linkage and / or a particular hydraulic brake for locking the storage of the mold and / or the Formhubzylinders can be provided with the frame according to an embodiment of the device. This allows an energy-saving mode of operation when the hydraulic drive is deactivated in the locked state.
  • the invention also relates to a method for compacting dry mixtures, for example for producing stones from earth-moist concrete, in particular with a device according to one of the embodiments described above, comprising the following steps: filling the mixture in at least one mold, which on a vibrating table or an optionally provided backing board is or will be arranged, generating a preferably harmonic vibration for compressing the mixture through the vibrating table and / or the associated devices, wherein at least one Formhubzylinder so strongly presses the mold during the vibration on the vibrating table or the backing board during the vibration of the mold and the swinging table essentially swing together.
  • a method for compacting dry mixtures for example for producing stones from earth-moist concrete, in particular with a device according to one of the embodiments described above, comprising the following steps: filling the mixture in at least one mold, which on a vibrating table or an optionally provided backing board is or will be arranged, generating a preferably harmonic vibration for compressing the mixture through the vibrating table and / or the associated devices
  • the compacted mixture can be held down at the same time in particular by a surcharge.
  • the ballast is applied for example with a Auflasthubzylinder.
  • the oscillating table and the mold essentially oscillate together as a one-mass system.
  • the contact pressure is adjusted according to a preferred embodiment of the method of the vibration behavior of the entire unit to prevent lifting of the mold.
  • the contact pressure is selected to be just as high that the shape just does not stand out from the vibrating table in a conventional performance.
  • the at least one shape and the vibrating table or the backing board during the vibration preferably in phase with the same amplitude. It can thereby be achieved that at least no appreciable relative movement takes place between the at least one mold and the oscillating table or the underlay board.
  • the contact pressure is set as a function of the contact pressure determined, in particular, by measuring the depth of the spring elements in order to tune the vibration behavior of the device. For example, a contact pressure can be increased if the depth of the spring elements exceeds a preset threshold. This threshold is chosen in particular so that its compliance with a lifting of the mold is prevented by the vibrating table.
  • the contact pressure can be preset as a function of a predetermined functional relationship between the depth of the pressure and the desired contact pressure.
  • the contact pressure can according to the invention, e.g. be determined by measuring the hydraulic pressure when pressing the spring elements.
  • the distance measurement of the compression depth of the spring elements and the measurement of the hydraulic pressure can be compared and evaluated with predetermined values to tune the vibration behavior of the device. As a result, changes in the spring properties of the spring elements can be detected and compensated.
  • the left half of the picture Fig. 1 shows the embodiment according to the invention, while the right half of Fig. 1 represents an embodiment according to the prior art.
  • the device 1 comprises a rocking table 3 which is mounted in a frame 2 and on which a mold 4 is braced to produce a concrete shaped part not shown in detail. So that the concrete molding can be easily removed from the device 1 after demoulding, a base board 5 is arranged below the mold 4.
  • the oscillating table 3 is supported in the frame 2 by a swing table suspension 6, which is an elastic bearing 7. To generate the vibrations, the vibrating table 3 has a plurality of unbalance exciters 8. These can be harmonic as well as anharmonic suggestions.
  • the mold 4 is fixed in a deflectable manner on the rocking table 3 in the vertical direction by means of a pneumatic clamping of the form 9.
  • a pneumatic clamping of the form 9 In the shock vibrations generated by the unbalance exciter 8 lifts the mold 4 in the upward movement of the rocking table 3 and strikes in the downward movement on so-called knock strips 10. This produces bounce blows of high acceleration intensity, which generate a high noise level.
  • the mold 4 is fixed by means of a further elastic bearing 11 on the rocking table 3.
  • a Formhubzylinder 12 is provided, which is on the one hand rigidly connected to a bottom 13 of the frame 2 of the device 1.
  • the Formhubzylinder 12 is connected to the other elastic support 11 so that it can be moved up and down. In such a movement in the direction of the bottom 13, the mold 4 is fixed on the base board 5 and the vibrating table 3 by pressing.
  • the elastic bearing 7 of the rocking table 3 and the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 are matched to one another such that the suspension properties are at least approximately identical.
  • the mold 4, the base board 5 and the rocking table 3 thus form a single-mass system 14.
  • a hydraulic brake 16 is provided on a brake linkage 15, which can lock the guided by means of a guide sleeve 17 on a guide column 18 elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 in the vertical direction.
  • sensors are provided, the measured values are fed into a control or regulating unit 19.
  • an evaluation unit 20 is provided, by means of which an evaluation of the measured values can be carried out.
  • the control unit 19 the contact pressure of the mold 4 on the rocking table 3 by means of the Formhubzylinders 12 are set.
  • the spring properties of the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 can be changed.
  • FIG. 3 In the schematic detail view according to Fig. 3 is the same storage of Form 4 and swinging table 3 illustrated again.
  • the elastic mounting 7 of the rocking table 3 and the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 have substantially the same elastic properties, so that with appropriate dimensioned masses of mold 4 and rocking table 3, the distance 21 between the mold 4 and vibrating table 3 practically always remains constant.
  • the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 and the elastic bearing 7 of the rocking table 3 also according to an arrangement after Fig. 2 be arranged to each other.
  • both the elastic bearing 7 of the rocking table 3 and the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 are rigidly connected to the frame 2.
  • the mold 4 is in turn connected via the mold lifting cylinder 12 with the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4.
  • the concrete blocks formed from the batch can be switched off on the base board 5.
  • the mold 4 is raised by means of the Formhubzylinders 12, while the product, ie the concrete blocks or the like., Are held down by a load 22 on the base board 5.
  • the base board 5 is ejected together with the concrete blocks thereon from the device 1, while at the same time or shortly thereafter, a new, empty base board 5 is conveyed to the rocking table 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Abstract

The device 91) has at least one mold (4) for placing on a shaker (3) for producing vibrations and for making a molded part, especially a block of concrete, and at least one mold lifting cylinder (12) for raising the mold from the shaker after compressing the mixture by vibration. The at least one cylinder and the mold are adapted to each other so that the mold can be fixed to the shaker by the cylinder(s) even when operating the shaker. An independent claim is also included for a method of compressing dry mixtures.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Verdichtung von trockenen Gemengen wie beispielsweise erdfeuchtem Beton bei der Herstellung von Steinen. Weiter betrifft die Erfindung ein entsprechendes Verfahren.The invention relates to a device for the compression of dry mixtures such as earth-moist concrete in the manufacture of stones. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding method.

Derartige Vorrichtungen und ein entsprechendes Verfahren werden beispielsweise zur Herstellung Betonsteinen oder dgl. Formteilen in der industriellen Produktion verwendet. Zur Verdichtung nutzen herkömmliche Maschinen die sogenannte Schockvibration, wobei ein Schwingtisch mit diesem zugeordneten Unwuchterregern in Schwingungen versetzt wird und eine auf dem Schwingtisch befindliche Form mit dem eingefüllten Gemenge dabei ebenfalls in Schwingung versetzt wird. Damit die Form relativ frei schwingen kann, ist diese in einer pneumatischen Formverspannung gelagert. Durch die Vibrationen hebt die Form in der Aufwärtsbewegung vom Schwingtisch ab und schlägt in der Abwärtsbewegung auf sogenannten Klopfleisten so auf, dass dabei Prellschläge hoher Beschleunigungsintensität entstehen. Dadurch wird eine Verdichtung des relativ schwierig zu verarbeitenden trockenen Betons erreicht. Andererseits entsteht durch die Prellschläge auch ein hoher Lärmpegel. Außerdem ist zur Erzwingung dieser Prellschläge eine komplizierte Maschineneinstellung notwendig.Such devices and a corresponding method are used for example for the production of concrete blocks or the like. Moldings in industrial production. Conventional machines use the so-called shock vibration for compacting, wherein a vibrating table is vibrated with this associated unbalance exciter and a mold located on the vibrating table is likewise set in vibration with the filled mixture. So that the mold can oscillate relatively freely, it is mounted in a pneumatic clamping of form. Due to the vibrations, the mold lifts in the upward movement of the swinging table and beats in the downward movement on so-called Klopfleisten so that there are bouncing high acceleration intensity. As a result, a compression of the relatively difficult to process dry concrete is achieved. On the other hand, the bouncing blows also produce a high level of noise. In addition, a complicated machine setting is necessary to enforce these bounce impacts.

Alternativ zur Verdichtung mittels Prellschlägen wird in der EP 0 870 585 B1 vorgeschlagen, die Form auf den Schwingtisch zuspannen, um so die Einheit Schwingtisch - Unterlagsbrett - Form und Beton in harmonische Schwingungen zu versetzen, die weniger laut und maschinentechnisch leichter beherrschbar sind. Mit herkömmlichen motorisch angetriebenen Unwuchtrüttlern lassen sich dabei jedoch nur verhältnismäßig geringe Beschleunigungswerte erzielen. Daher wird in der EP 0 870 585 B1 vorgeschlagen, die Schwingungen hydraulisch mittels eines entsprechend großen Servozylinders zu erzeugen. Ein ähnlicher Aufbau, bei welchem die Schwingungen durch angetriebene Unwuchtwellen erzeugt werden, geht aus der DE 203 01 953 U1 hervor.Alternatively to compression by means of bouncing is in the EP 0 870 585 B1 proposed to apply the mold to the vibrating table, so as to put the unit vibrating table - base board - form and concrete in harmonic oscillations, which are less noisy and machine technically easier to control. However, only relatively low acceleration values can be achieved with conventional motor-driven unbalance vibrators. Therefore will be in the EP 0 870 585 B1 proposed to generate the vibrations hydraulically by means of a correspondingly large servo cylinder. A similar structure, in which the vibrations are generated by driven unbalanced shafts, goes out of the DE 203 01 953 U1 out.

Bei diesem vorgenannten Stand der Technik wird die Form durch separate, insbesondere hydraulisch betätigte, Klemmeinrichtungen auf dem Schwingtisch fixiert. Die Mittel zur Erzeugung der Verspannkraft sind dabei direkt am Schwingtisch angebracht und schwingen mit diesem und der Form mit. Zur Befestigung der Form weist diese spezielle Aufnahmen auf, was insbesondere bei einem umfangreichen Formenpark einen erheblichen Aufwand bedeutet.In this aforementioned prior art, the mold is fixed by separate, in particular hydraulically actuated, clamping devices on the vibrating table. The means for generating the Verspannkraft are mounted directly on the vibrating table and resonate with this and the shape with. To attach the form, this has special recordings, which means a considerable effort especially in a large variety of forms.

Daneben kann die Betätigung der Verklammerung zu einer Zeitverzögerung führen, was zu einer verringerten Produktivität von bis zu 20% führt.In addition, the operation of clamping may result in a time delay resulting in a reduced productivity of up to 20%.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, das verfahren zu verbessern und eine verbesserte Verbindung zwischen Form und Schwingtisch vorzuschlagen, welche die Befestigung und die Entschalung der Formen erleichtert sowie eine höhere Produktivität ermöglicht.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to improve the process and to propose an improved connection between the mold and the vibrating table, which facilitates the attachment and the decoating of the molds and allows higher productivity.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1, eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 3 sowie ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 12 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1, a device having the features of claim 3 and a method having the features of claim 12. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are specified in the dependent claims.

Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Verdichtung von insbesondere trockenem Gemenge, wie bspw. erdfeuchtem Beton, durch Vibration sind wenigstens ein in einer Schwingtischaufhängung in der Vorrichtung gelagerter Schwingtisch und wenigstens eine darauf verspannbare Form sowie wenigstens ein Formhubzylinder zum Abheben der Form vom Schwingtisch vorgesehen, wobei die Form mittels wenigstens einer elastischen Lagerung in der Vorrichtung gelagert ist. Diese elastische Lagerung ist dabei vorzugsweise so ausgebildet und angeordnet, dass die Form entkoppelt von der Schwingtischaufhängung in der Vorrichtung gelagert ist. Vorteilhafterweise ermöglicht dies, dass gleichzeitig mit dem Absenken der Form auf den Schwingtisch die Form auch mit dem Schwingtisch verspannt wird. Somit kann ein separater Verspannvorgang mittels separater Verspannmittel entfallen. Diese Zeiteinsparung führt zu einer Produktivitätssteigerung und es können die Taktzyklen verkleinert werden. Gleichzeitig bewirkt die elastische Lagerung der Form vorteilhafterweise, dass die Form zusammen mit dem Schwingtisch schwingen kann.In a device according to the invention for compressing, in particular, dry mixture, such as, for example, earth-moist concrete, by vibration at least one mounted in a swing table suspension in the device vibrating table and at least one clamped form and at least a Formhubzylinder provided for lifting the mold from the vibrating table, wherein the mold is mounted by means of at least one elastic mounting in the device. This elastic bearing is preferably designed and arranged so that the form is decoupled from the swing table suspension mounted in the device. Advantageously, this makes it possible for the mold to be clamped to the vibrating table simultaneously with the lowering of the mold onto the vibrating table. Thus, a separate clamping process by means of separate Verspannmittel can be omitted. This time saving leads to an increase in productivity and the clock cycles can be reduced. At the same time, the elastic bearing of the mold advantageously causes the mold to vibrate together with the vibrating table.

Es wird bevorzugt, wenn Hydraulikzylinder als Formhubzylinder vorgesehen werden, welche bidirektional verfahren werden können. Daher kann die Form sowohl angehoben als auch abgesenkt werden. Vorzugsweise sind wenigstens zwei Formhubzylinder vorgesehen.It is preferred if hydraulic cylinders are provided as mold lift cylinders, which can be moved bidirectionally. Therefore, the mold can be both raised and lowered. Preferably, at least two Formhubzylinder are provided.

Die elastische Lagerung ist insbesondere so ausgestaltet, dass in einem Zustand, in welchem die Form auf den Schwingtisch abgesenkt ist, die Form bei einer Auslenkung des Schwingtisches ebenfalls ausgelenkt wird und auf Grund der elastischen Rückstellkraft gegen den Schwingtisch gepresst wird.The elastic mounting is in particular designed such that in a state in which the mold is lowered onto the oscillation table, the shape is also deflected during a deflection of the oscillation table and is pressed against the oscillation table due to the elastic restoring force.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Vorrichtung ist die elastische Lagerung der Form in Reihe mit dem wenigstens einen Formhubzylinder in einer Kraftflussverbindung zwischen einer Krafteinleitung an der Vorrichtung und einer Krafteinleitung der Form angeordnet. Als Krafteinleitung ist dabei beispielsweise ein Aufhängungspunkt an einem Gestell oder einer Halterung der Vorrichtung zur Aufhängung der Lagerung der Form zu verstehen. Als Reihenfolge kann dabei sowohl die Reihenfolge Krafteinleitung - Formhubzylinder - elastische Lagerung - Form als auch die Reihenfolge Krafteinleitung - elastische Lagerung - Formhubzylinder - Form vorgesehen sein. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass innerhalb dieser Kraftflussverbindung noch weitere Verbindungsteile oder dgl. angeordnet sein können.According to a development of the device, the elastic support of the mold is arranged in series with the at least one mold lifting cylinder in a force flow connection between a force introduction to the device and a force introduction of the mold. As a force introduction is to be understood as a suspension point on a frame or a holder of the device for suspending the storage of the form, for example. The order can be both the order of introduction of force - Formhubzylinder - elastic storage - shape and the order of force introduction - elastic storage - Shaping cylinder - be provided form. It goes without saying that within this power flow connection still more connecting parts or the like. May be arranged.

Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Vorrichtung, insbesondere eine der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen, zum Verdichten von trockenen Gemengen, insbesondere erdfeuchtem Beton, mit wenigstens einer auf einem Schwingtisch, der zur Erzeugung einer Vibration geeignet ist, oder einem diesem zugeordneten Unterlagsbrett angeordneten Form zur Herstellung wenigstens eines Formteils aus dem Gemenge, insbesondere zur Herstellung eines Steins aus Beton, und mit wenigstens einem Formhubzylinder zum Abheben der Form von dem Schwingtisch nach dem Verdichten des Gemenges durch Vibration, wobei der wenigstens eine Formhubzylinder und die Form und/oder deren Lagerung derart aneinander angepasst sind, dass die Form von dem wenigstens einen Formhubzylinder auch bei Betätigung des Schwingtisches auf diesem fixierbar ist. Der Formhubzylinder und die Form bzw. deren Lagerung sind dabei vorzugsweise so aneinander angepasst, dass die Form auf das Unterlagsbrett gepresst wird, so dass die Form nicht vom Schwingtisch abheben kann und der Schwingtisch, das Unterlagsbrett und die Form schwingungstechnisch eine Einheit bilden, die insbesondere harmonisch, d. h. vorzugsweise rein sinusförmig, mit der vom am Schwingtisch angebauten Unwuchterreger vorgegebenen Sequenz schwingt. Der bzw. die Formhubzylinder sind dabei insbesondere so bemessen, dass bei einem üblichen hydraulischen Systemdruck der Steinformmaschine von beispielsweise 200 bar die Anpresskraft größer ist als die bei der Abwärtsbeschleunigung des Schwingtisches benötigte Kraft zum Abwärtsbeschleunigen der Form.The invention also relates to a device, in particular one of the embodiments described above, for compacting dry mixtures, in particular earth-moist concrete, with at least one arranged on a vibrating table, which is suitable for generating a vibration, or arranged thereon a backing board for producing at least one Molded part of the mixture, in particular for producing a concrete block, and with at least one Formhubzylinder for lifting the mold from the vibrating table after compressing the batch by vibration, wherein the at least one Formhubzylinder and the mold and / or their storage are adapted to each other in that the shape of the at least one mold lifting cylinder can be fixed on the latter even when the vibrating table is actuated. The Formhubzylinder and the shape or their storage are preferably adapted to each other so that the mold is pressed onto the backing board, so that the shape can not stand out from the swinging table and the vibrating table, the backing board and the form of vibration form a single unit, in particular harmonious, d. H. preferably purely sinusoidal, oscillates with the predetermined from the vibrating table mounted unbalance exciter sequence. The or the Formhubzylinder are in particular so dimensioned that at a conventional hydraulic system pressure of the stone molding machine, for example, 200 bar, the contact pressure is greater than the force required for the downward acceleration of the swing table to accelerate down the mold.

Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung sind der Schwingtisch und die Form elastisch in einem Rahmen oder Gestell gelagert. Das Gestell bzw. der Rahmen ist beispielsweise aus vertikalen Säulen mit wenigstens einer Quertraverse ausgestattet.According to one embodiment of the device, the vibrating table and the mold are mounted elastically in a frame or frame. The frame or the Frame is for example made up of vertical columns with at least one cross-beam.

Dabei können verschiedene Anordnungen von Formhubzylinder und Lagerung der Form vorgesehen sein. In einer ersten Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass der Schwingtisch elastisch in dem Rahmen oder Gestell gelagert ist, und dass die Form elastisch an oder in dem wenigstens einen Formhubzylinder gelagert ist, der starr mit dem Rahmen oder Gestell verbunden ist. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Montage des wenigstens einen Formhubzylinders, da Hydraulikleitungen zu seiner Versorgung keiner Bewegung unterliegen müssen.In this case, various arrangements of Formhubzylinder and storage of the mold can be provided. In a first embodiment it is provided that the oscillating table is elastically mounted in the frame or frame, and that the mold is elastically mounted on or in the at least one Formhubzylinder which is rigidly connected to the frame or frame. This allows a simple assembly of at least one Formhubzylinders, since hydraulic lines must be subject to its supply to any movement.

Gemäß einer alternativen Ausgestaltung ist es vorgesehen, dass die elastischen Lagerungen des Schwingtisches und der Form derart ausgestaltet sind, dass der wenigstens eine Formhubzylinder elastisch mit dem Rahmen oder Gestell verbunden ist und dass der wenigstens eine Formhubzylinder starr mit der Form verbunden ist. Statt der starren Verbindung zwischen dem Formhubzylinder und der Form kann alternativ auch eine elastische Verbindung vorgesehen sein.According to an alternative embodiment, it is provided that the elastic bearings of the vibrating table and the mold are configured such that the at least one Formhubzylinder is elastically connected to the frame or frame and that the at least one Formhubzylinder is rigidly connected to the mold. Instead of the rigid connection between the Formhubzylinder and the mold may alternatively be provided an elastic connection.

Für ein möglichst prellschlagfreies Schwingverhalten kann es günstig sein, wenn die elastischen Lagerungen des Schwingtisches und der Form derart aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass die Federeigenschaften wenigstens näherungsweise identisch sind, so dass der Schwingtisch und die Form im Wesentlichen ein Ein-Massensystem bilden. Insbesondere schwingen Schwingtisch und Form gleichphasig mit gleicher Amplitude.For as unbiased vibration behavior as possible, it may be favorable if the elastic bearings of the vibrating table and the mold are matched to one another such that the spring properties are at least approximately identical so that the vibrating table and the mold essentially form a single mass system. In particular, swinging table and form swing in-phase with the same amplitude.

Eine Abstimmung des Schwingverhaltens kann verbessert werden, wenn die elastische Lagerung der Form veränderlich ist, um die Abstimmung der elastischen Lagerungen des Schwingtisches und der Form aufeinander herbeizuführen. Als veränderliche Parameter können beispielsweise die Position bzw. der Abstand der Lagerung vom Schwingtisch, die Anpresskraft, die Dämpfung oder die Rückstellkraft vorgesehen sein. Die Rückstellkraft kann beispielsweise durch Verwendung einer pneumatischen Lagerung erzielt werden, wenn der entsprechende Luftdruck angepasst wird.Tuning of the swinging behavior can be improved if the elastic support of the mold is variable to bring about matching of the elastic supports of the vibrating table and the mold to each other. As a variable parameter, for example, the position or the distance of the storage of the vibrating table, the contact pressure, the damping or be provided the restoring force. The restoring force can be achieved, for example, by using a pneumatic bearing, if the corresponding air pressure is adjusted.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Abstimmung verbessert werden, wenn die Vorrichtung ein Wegmessungselement zur Wegmessung der Stauchtiefe der Federelemente und eine Steuer- oder Regeleinheit aufweist, mittels welcher zur Durchführung der Abstimmung der Anpressdruck der Form in Abhängigkeit der Stauchtiefe einstellbar ist. Ebenfalls alternativ oder zusätzlich kann eine Verbesserung der Abstimmung erreicht werden, wenn die Vorrichtung wenigstens einen Drucksensor zur Messung des Hydraulikdrucks beim Anpressen der Federelemente und eine Steuer- oder Regeleinheit aufweist, mittels welcher zur Durchführung der Abstimmung der Anpressdruck der Form einstellbar ist.Alternatively or additionally, the tuning can be improved if the device has a displacement measuring element for measuring the depth of the spring elements and a control or regulating unit, by means of which the contact pressure of the mold is adjustable in dependence on the depth to perform the vote. Also alternatively or additionally, an improvement of the vote can be achieved if the device has at least one pressure sensor for measuring the hydraulic pressure when pressing the spring elements and a control or regulating unit, by means of which the contact pressure of the mold is adjustable to carry out the tuning.

Vorzugsweise ist zusätzlich eine Auswerteeinheit vorgesehen, mittels welcher verschiedene Messgrößen der Vorrichtung miteinander und/oder mit vorgegebenen Werten vergleichbar sind. Dies ermöglicht es, aus Abweichungen Rückschlüsse auf Änderungen der Federeigenschaften der Federelemente zu ziehen und damit die Vorrichtung in einem optimalen Betriebszustand zu betreiben.Preferably, an evaluation unit is additionally provided, by means of which different measured variables of the device are comparable with each other and / or with predetermined values. This makes it possible to draw conclusions from deviations to changes in the spring characteristics of the spring elements and thus to operate the device in an optimal operating condition.

Zur Entlastung des hydraulischen Formhubzylinders kann gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Vorrichtung ein Bremsgestänge und/oder eine insbesondere hydraulische Bremse zur Verriegelung der Lagerung der Form und/oder des Formhubzylinders mit dem Rahmen vorgesehen sein. Dies ermöglicht eine energiesparende Betriebsweise, wenn der Hydraulikantrieb in arretiertem Zustand deaktiviert wird.To relieve the hydraulic Formhubzylinders a brake linkage and / or a particular hydraulic brake for locking the storage of the mold and / or the Formhubzylinders can be provided with the frame according to an embodiment of the device. This allows an energy-saving mode of operation when the hydraulic drive is deactivated in the locked state.

Eine zusätzliche Vergrößerung der Verspannkraft auf dem äußeren Kraftflussweg ist durch pneumatische Elemente möglich.An additional increase in the clamping force on the outer power flow path is possible by pneumatic elements.

Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Verfahren zum Verdichten von trockenen Gemengen, bspw. zur Herstellung von Steinen aus erdfeuchtem Beton, insbesondere mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß einer der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen, mit folgenden Schritten: Einfüllen des Gemenges in wenigstens eine Form, die auf einem Schwingtisch oder einem ggf. vorgesehenen Unterlagsbrett angeordnet ist oder wird, Erzeugen einer vorzugsweise harmonischen Vibration zum Verdichten des Gemenges durch den Schwingtisch und/oder diesem zugeordneten Anrichtungen, wobei wenigstens ein Formhubzylinder die Form während der Vibration so stark auf den Schwingtisch oder das Unterlagsbrett presst, dass während der Vibration die Form und der Schwingtisch im Wesentlichen gemeinsam schwingen. Dies ermöglicht eine Reduktion des Lärms sowie eine deutliche Verbesserung der Verdichtungsleistung.The invention also relates to a method for compacting dry mixtures, for example for producing stones from earth-moist concrete, in particular with a device according to one of the embodiments described above, comprising the following steps: filling the mixture in at least one mold, which on a vibrating table or an optionally provided backing board is or will be arranged, generating a preferably harmonic vibration for compressing the mixture through the vibrating table and / or the associated devices, wherein at least one Formhubzylinder so strongly presses the mold during the vibration on the vibrating table or the backing board during the vibration of the mold and the swinging table essentially swing together. This enables a reduction of the noise and a significant improvement of the compaction performance.

Zum Entschalen ist gemäß einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens vorgesehen, dass das verdichtete Gemenge durch ein Abheben der Form von dem Schwingtisch oder dem Unterlagsbrett mittels des wenigstens einen Formhubzylinders entschalt wird, wobei das verdichtete Gemenge gleichzeitig insbesondere durch eine Auflast niedergehalten werden kann. Die Auflast wird beispielsweise mit einem Auflasthubzylinder aufgebracht.For demoulding is provided according to a development of the method that the compacted mixture is canceled by lifting the mold from the vibrating table or the backing board by means of at least one Formhubzylinders, the compacted mixture can be held down at the same time in particular by a surcharge. The ballast is applied for example with a Auflasthubzylinder.

Für ein möglichst prellschlagfreies Verdichten ist es günstig, wenn bei der Vibration, insbesondere durch eine aufeinander abgestimmte elastische Lagerung des Schwingtisches und der Form, der Schwingtisch und die Form im Wesentlichen als ein Ein-Massensystem gemeinsam schwingen.For a possible bounce-free compaction, it is advantageous if, during vibration, in particular by a coordinated elastic mounting of the vibrating table and the mold, the oscillating table and the mold essentially oscillate together as a one-mass system.

Der Anpressdruck wird gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens an das Schwingverhalten der Gesamteinheit angepasst, um ein Abheben der Form zu verhindern. Insbesondere wird der Anpressdruck lediglich genauso hoch gewählt, dass die Form bei einem üblichen Betriebsverhalten gerade nicht vom Schwingtisch abhebt.The contact pressure is adjusted according to a preferred embodiment of the method of the vibration behavior of the entire unit to prevent lifting of the mold. In particular, the contact pressure is selected to be just as high that the shape just does not stand out from the vibrating table in a conventional performance.

Für einen möglichst geräuscharmen bzw. prellschlagfreien Betrieb schwingen die wenigstens eine Form und der Schwingtisch oder das Unterlagsbrett während der Vibration vorzugsweise phasengleich mit gleicher Amplitude. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, dass zumindest keine nennenswerte Relativbewegung zwischen der wenigstens einen Form und dem Schwingtisch oder dem Unterlagsbrett stattfindet.For as quiet as possible or impact-free operation swing the at least one shape and the vibrating table or the backing board during the vibration preferably in phase with the same amplitude. It can thereby be achieved that at least no appreciable relative movement takes place between the at least one mold and the oscillating table or the underlay board.

Zur Verbesserung der Abstimmung des Schwingverhaltens der Vorrichtung können verschiedene weitere Maßnahmen vorgesehen sein. In einer ersten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass zur Abstimmung des Schwingverhaltens der Vorrichtung der Anpressdruck in Abhängigkeit des insbesondere durch Wegmessung der Stauchtiefe der Federelemente bestimmten Anpressdruckes eingestellt wird. Beispielsweise kann ein Anpressdruck erhöht werden, wenn die Stauchtiefe der Federelemente einen voreingestellten Schwellwert überschreitet. Dieser Schwellwert ist insbesondere so gewählt, dass bei seiner Einhaltung ein Abheben der Form vom Schwingtisch verhindert wird. Insbesondere kann der Anpressdruck in Abhängigkeit eines vorgegebenen funktionalen Zusammenhanges zwischen Stauchtiefe und Soll-Anpressdruck vorgegeben werden. Der Anpressdruck kann dabei erfindungsgemäß z.B. auch durch Messung des Hydraulikdrucks beim Anpressen der Federelemente bestimmt werden.To improve the tuning of the vibration behavior of the device, various other measures can be provided. In a first embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the contact pressure is set as a function of the contact pressure determined, in particular, by measuring the depth of the spring elements in order to tune the vibration behavior of the device. For example, a contact pressure can be increased if the depth of the spring elements exceeds a preset threshold. This threshold is chosen in particular so that its compliance with a lifting of the mold is prevented by the vibrating table. In particular, the contact pressure can be preset as a function of a predetermined functional relationship between the depth of the pressure and the desired contact pressure. The contact pressure can according to the invention, e.g. be determined by measuring the hydraulic pressure when pressing the spring elements.

In einer alternativen oder zusätzlichen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann zur Abstimmung des Schwingungsverhaltens der Vorrichtung die Wegmessung der Stauchtiefe der Federelemente sowie die Messung des Hydraulikdrucks miteinander sowie insbesondere mit vorgegebenen Werten verglichen und ausgewertet werden. Dadurch können Änderungen der Federeigenschaften der Federelemente aufgedeckt und kompensiert werden.In an alternative or additional embodiment of the method according to the invention, the distance measurement of the compression depth of the spring elements and the measurement of the hydraulic pressure can be compared and evaluated with predetermined values to tune the vibration behavior of the device. As a result, changes in the spring properties of the spring elements can be detected and compensated.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung beispielhaft erläutert. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf die dort dargestellte Merkmalskombination beschränkt. Vielmehr können in der Beschreibung und/oder den Figuren dargestellte Merkmale einzeln oder in Kombination unabhängig von deren Rückbeziehung in den Patentansprüchen erfindungswesentlich sein.In the following the invention will be explained by way of example with reference to the drawing. However, the invention is not limited to the feature combination shown there. Rather, features illustrated in the description and / or figures may be essential to the invention, individually or in combination, independently of their dependency in the claims.

Es zeigen schematisch:

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von erdfeuchtem Beton,
Fig. 2
eine Detailansicht einer Lagerung von Form und Schwingtisch, und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Detailansicht einer alternativen Lagerung.
They show schematically:
Fig. 1
a device according to the invention for compacting earth-moist concrete,
Fig. 2
a detailed view of a storage of form and swing table, and
Fig. 3
a schematic detail view of an alternative storage.

Die linke Bildhälfte der Fig. 1 zeigt die Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung, während die rechte Hälfte der Fig. 1 eine Ausführungsform gemäß dem Stand der Technik darstellt.The left half of the picture Fig. 1 shows the embodiment according to the invention, while the right half of Fig. 1 represents an embodiment according to the prior art.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 umfasst einen in einem Gestell 2 gelagerten Schwingtisch 3, auf welchem eine Form 4 zur Herstellung eines nicht im Einzelnen dargestellten Betonformteiles verspannt ist. Damit das Betonformteil nach dem Entschalen leicht aus der Vorrichtung 1 entnommen werden kann, ist unterhalb der Form 4 ein Unterlagsbrett 5 angeordnet.The device 1 according to the invention comprises a rocking table 3 which is mounted in a frame 2 and on which a mold 4 is braced to produce a concrete shaped part not shown in detail. So that the concrete molding can be easily removed from the device 1 after demoulding, a base board 5 is arranged below the mold 4.

Der Schwingtisch 3 ist durch eine Schwingtischaufhängung 6, welche eine elastische Lagerung 7 ist, in dem Gestell 2 gelagert. Zur Erzeugung der Vibrationen weist der Schwingtisch 3 mehrere Unwuchterreger 8 auf. Dabei kann es sich sowohl um harmonische als auch um anharmonische Anregungen handeln.The oscillating table 3 is supported in the frame 2 by a swing table suspension 6, which is an elastic bearing 7. To generate the vibrations, the vibrating table 3 has a plurality of unbalance exciters 8. These can be harmonic as well as anharmonic suggestions.

Bei der Ausgestaltung gemäß dem Stand der Technik ist die Form 4 mittels einer pneumatischen Formverspannung 9 in vertikaler Richtung auslenkbar auf dem Schwingtisch 3 fixiert. Bei den durch die Unwuchterreger 8 erzeugten Schockvibrationen hebt die Form 4 in der Aufwärtsbewegung vom Schwingtisch 3 ab und schlägt in der Abwärtsbewegung auf sogenannten Klopfleisten 10 auf. Dabei entstehen Prellschläge hoher Beschleunigungsintensität, die einen hohen Lärmpegel erzeugen.In the embodiment according to the prior art, the mold 4 is fixed in a deflectable manner on the rocking table 3 in the vertical direction by means of a pneumatic clamping of the form 9. In the shock vibrations generated by the unbalance exciter 8 lifts the mold 4 in the upward movement of the rocking table 3 and strikes in the downward movement on so-called knock strips 10. This produces bounce blows of high acceleration intensity, which generate a high noise level.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung ist die Form 4 mittels einer weiteren elastischen Lagerung 11 auf dem Schwingtisch 3 fixiert. Dazu ist ein Formhubzylinder 12 vorgesehen, welcher einerseits starr mit einem Boden 13 des Gestells 2 der Vorrichtung 1 verbunden ist. Andererseits ist der Formhubzylinder 12 mit der weiteren elastischen Lagerung 11 verbunden, so dass diese nach oben und nach unten verfahren werden kann. Bei einer solchen Bewegung in Richtung des Bodens 13 wird die Form 4 auf dem Unterlagsbrett 5 bzw. dem Schwingtisch 3 durch Anpressen fixiert. Die elastische Lagerung 7 des Schwingtisches 3 und die elastische Lagerung 11 der Form 4 sind derart aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die Federungseigenschaften wenigstens näherungsweise identisch sind. Die Form 4, das Unterlagsbrett 5 und der Schwingtisch 3 bilden somit ein Ein-Massensystem 14.In the embodiment according to the invention, the mold 4 is fixed by means of a further elastic bearing 11 on the rocking table 3. For this purpose, a Formhubzylinder 12 is provided, which is on the one hand rigidly connected to a bottom 13 of the frame 2 of the device 1. On the other hand, the Formhubzylinder 12 is connected to the other elastic support 11 so that it can be moved up and down. In such a movement in the direction of the bottom 13, the mold 4 is fixed on the base board 5 and the vibrating table 3 by pressing. The elastic bearing 7 of the rocking table 3 and the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 are matched to one another such that the suspension properties are at least approximately identical. The mold 4, the base board 5 and the rocking table 3 thus form a single-mass system 14.

Zur Entlastung des Formhubzylinders 12 ist an einem Bremsgestänge 15 eine z.B. hydraulische Bremse 16 vorgesehen, welche die mittels einer Führungshülse 17 an einer Führungssäule 18 geführte elastische Lagerung 11 der Form 4 in vertikaler Richtung arretieren kann. Zur Abstimmung der elastischen Lagerungen 11, 7 sind mehrere, nicht im Einzelnen dargestellte, Sensoren vorgesehen, deren Messwerte in eine Steuer- oder Regeleinheit 19 eingespeist werden. Weiter ist eine Auswerteeinheit 20 vorgesehen, mittels welcher eine Auswertung der Messwerte vorgenommen werden kann. Mit der Steuer- oder Regeleinheit 19 kann der Anpressdruck der Form 4 auf den Schwingtisch 3 mittels des Formhubzylinders 12 eingestellt werden. Zudem können beispielsweise die Federeigenschaften der elastischen Lagerung 11 der Form 4 verändert werden.To relieve the Formhubzylinders 12 is a hydraulic brake 16 is provided on a brake linkage 15, which can lock the guided by means of a guide sleeve 17 on a guide column 18 elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 in the vertical direction. For tuning the elastic bearings 11, 7 several, not shown in detail, sensors are provided, the measured values are fed into a control or regulating unit 19. Furthermore, an evaluation unit 20 is provided, by means of which an evaluation of the measured values can be carried out. With the control unit 19, the contact pressure of the mold 4 on the rocking table 3 by means of the Formhubzylinders 12 are set. In addition, for example, the spring properties of the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 can be changed.

In der schematischen Detailansicht gemäß Fig. 3 ist die gleichartige Lagerung von Form 4 und Schwingtisch 3 noch einmal veranschaulicht. Die elastische Lagerung 7 des Schwingtisches 3 sowie die elastische Lagerung 11 der Form 4 weisen im Wesentlichen die gleichen elastischen Eigenschaften auf, so dass bei entsprechende dimensionierten Massen von Form 4 und Schwingtisch 3 der Abstand 21 zwischen Form 4 und Schwingtisch 3 praktisch stets konstant bleibt.In the schematic detail view according to Fig. 3 is the same storage of Form 4 and swinging table 3 illustrated again. The elastic mounting 7 of the rocking table 3 and the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 have substantially the same elastic properties, so that with appropriate dimensioned masses of mold 4 and rocking table 3, the distance 21 between the mold 4 and vibrating table 3 practically always remains constant.

An Stelle der in Fig. 1 gewählten Anordnung können die elastische Lagerung 11 der Form 4 und die elastische Lagerung 7 des Schwingtisches 3 auch gemäß einer Anordnung nach Fig. 2 zueinander angeordnet sein. In diesem Fall sind sowohl die elastische Lagerung 7 des Schwingtisches 3 als auch die elastische Lagerung 11 der Form 4 starr mit dem Gestell 2 verbunden. Die Form 4 ist wiederum über den Formhubzylinder 12 mit der elastischen Lagerung 11 der Form 4 verbunden.In place of in Fig. 1 selected arrangement, the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 and the elastic bearing 7 of the rocking table 3 also according to an arrangement after Fig. 2 be arranged to each other. In this case, both the elastic bearing 7 of the rocking table 3 and the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4 are rigidly connected to the frame 2. The mold 4 is in turn connected via the mold lifting cylinder 12 with the elastic bearing 11 of the mold 4.

Nach dem Verdichten können bspw. die aus dem Gemenge gebildeten Betonsteine auf dem Unterlagsbrett 5 entschalt werden. Hierzu wird die Form 4 mittels des Formhubzylinders 12 angehoben, während das Produkt, d.h. die Betonsteine oder dgl., von einer Auflast 22 auf dem Unterlagsbrett 5 niedergehalten werden. Danach wird das Unterlagsbrett 5 zusammen mit den darauf liegenden Betonsteinen aus der Vorrichtung 1 ausgestoßen, während gleichzeitig oder kurz darauf ein neues, leeres Unterlagsbrett5 auf den Schwingtisch 3 gefördert wird.After compaction, for example, the concrete blocks formed from the batch can be switched off on the base board 5. For this purpose, the mold 4 is raised by means of the Formhubzylinders 12, while the product, ie the concrete blocks or the like., Are held down by a load 22 on the base board 5. Thereafter, the base board 5 is ejected together with the concrete blocks thereon from the device 1, while at the same time or shortly thereafter, a new, empty base board 5 is conveyed to the rocking table 3.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtungcontraption
22
Gestellframe
33
Schwingtischvibrating table
44
Formshape
55
Unterlagsbrettsupport board
66
SchwingtischaufhängungVibrating table suspension
77
elastische Lagerung des Schwingtischeselastic mounting of the swinging table
88th
Unwuchterregerunbalance exciter
99
pneumatische Formverspannungpneumatic strain
1010
Klopfleistenknock strips
1111
elastische Lagerung der Formelastic storage of the mold
1212
FormhubzylinderFormhubzylinder
1313
Bodenground
1414
Ein-MassensystemA mass system
1515
Bremsgestängebrake linkage
1616
Bremsebrake
1717
Führungshülseguide sleeve
1818
Führungssäuleguide column
1919
Steuer- oder RegeleinheitControl unit
2020
Auswerteeinheitevaluation
2121
Abstanddistance
2222
Auflastballasted

Claims (17)

Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von trockenen Gemengen, insbesondere erdfeuchtem Beton, mit wenigstens einer auf einem Schwingtisch (3), der zur Erzeugung einer Vibration geeignet ist, oder einem diesem zugeordneten Unterlagsbrett (5) angeordneten Form (4) zur Herstellung wenigstens eines Formteils aus dem Gemenge, insbesondere zur Herstellung eines Steins aus Beton, und mit wenigstens einem Formhubzylinder (12) zum Abheben der Form (4) von dem Schwingtisch (3) nach dem Verdichten des Gemenges durch Vibration, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der wenigstens eine Formhubzylinder (12) und die Form (4) derart aneinander angepasst sind, dass die Form (4) von dem wenigstens einen Formhubzylinder (12) auch bei Betätigung des Schwingtisches (3) auf diesem fixierbar ist.Apparatus for compacting dry mixtures, in particular earth-moist concrete, comprising at least one mold (4) arranged on a vibrating table (3) suitable for generating a vibration or a base plate (5) associated therewith for producing at least one molded part from the mixture in particular for producing a concrete block, and with at least one mold lifting cylinder (12) for lifting the mold (4) from the vibrating table (3) after the mixture has been compacted by vibration, characterized in that the at least one mold lifting cylinder (12) and the mold (4) are adapted to one another in such a way that the mold (4) can be fixed by the at least one mold lifting cylinder (12) even on actuation of the oscillating table (3). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwingtisch (3) und die Form (4) elastisch in einem Rahmen oder Gestell (2) gelagert sind.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the oscillating table (3) and the mold (4) are mounted elastically in a frame or frame (2). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwingtisch (3) elastisch in dem Rahmen oder Gestell (2) gelagert ist, und dass die Form (4) elastisch an dem wenigstens einen Formhubzylinder (12) gelagert ist, der starr mit dem Rahmen oder Gestell (2) verbunden ist.Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the oscillating table (3) is elastically mounted in the frame or frame (2), and that the mold (4) is elastically mounted on the at least one Formhubzylinder (12) rigid with the frame or frame (2) is connected. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schwingtisch (3) elastisch in dem Rahmen oder Gestell gelagert ist, und dass die Form (4) insbesondere starr an dem wenigstens einen Formhubzylinder (12) gelagert ist, der elastisch mit dem Rahmen oder Gestell (2) verbunden ist.Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the vibrating table (3) is elastically mounted in the frame or frame, and that the mold (4) is in particular rigidly mounted on the at least one Formhubzylinder (12), which is elastic with the frame or frame (2) is connected. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastischen Lagerungen (7, 11) des Schwingtisches (3) und der Form (4) derart aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass die Federeigenschaften wenigstens näherungsweise identisch sind, so dass der Schwingtisch (3) und die Form (4) im Wesentlichen ein Ein-Massensystem (14) bilden.Apparatus according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the elastic bearings (7, 11) of the vibrating table (3) and the mold (4) are coordinated such that the spring properties are at least approximately identical, so that the vibrating table ( 3) and the mold (4) form essentially a one-mass system (14). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastische Lagerung (11) der Form (4) veränderlich ist, um die Abstimmung der elastischen Lagerungen (7, 11) des Schwingtisches (3) und der Form (4) aufeinander herbeizuführen.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the elastic support (11) of the mold (4) is variable in order to bring about alignment of the elastic supports (7, 11) of the vibrating table (3) and the mold (4). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, gekennzeichnet durch ein Wegmessungselement zur Wegmessung der Stauchtiefe der Federelemente und eine Steuer- oder Regeleinheit (19), mittels welcher zur Durchführung der Abstimmung der Anpressdruck der Form (4) in Abhängigkeit der Stauchtiefe einstellbar ist.Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by a displacement measuring element for the distance measurement of the compression depth of the spring elements and a control or regulating unit (19), by means of which the contact pressure of the mold (4) is adjustable in dependence on the compression depth for carrying out the tuning. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch einen Drucksensor zur Messung des Hydraulikdrucks beim Anpressen der Federelemente und eine Steuer- oder Regeleinheit (19), mittels welcher zur Durchführung der Abstimmung der Anpressdruck der Form (4) einstellbar ist.Device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized by a pressure sensor for measuring the hydraulic pressure when pressing the spring elements and a control or regulating unit (19), by means of which the contact pressure of the mold (4) is adjustable to carry out the tuning. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch eine Auswerteeinheit, mittels welcher verschiedene Messgrößen der Vorrichtung miteinander oder/und mit vorgegebenen Werten vergleichbar sind.Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized by an evaluation unit, by means of which different measured variables of the device are comparable with each other and / or with predetermined values. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein Bremsgestänge (15) und/oder eine Bremse (16) zur Verriegelung der Lagerung (11) der Form (4) oder des Formhubzylinders mit dem Gestell (2).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a brake linkage (15) and / or a brake (16) for locking the bearing (11) of the mold (4) or the Formhubzylinders with the frame (2). Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Gemenge durch Vibration, insbesondere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit wenigstens einem in einer Schwingtischaufhängung (6) in der Vorrichtung gelagerten Schwingtisch (3) und wenigstens einer darauf verspannbaren Form (4) sowie wenigstens einem Formhubzylinder (12) zum Abheben der Form vom Schwingtisch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Form (4) mittels wenigstens einer elastischen Lagerung (11) in der Vorrichtung (1) gelagert ist.Apparatus for compressing mixtures by vibration, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one vibrating table (3) mounted in the apparatus in a vibrating table suspension (6) and at least one mold (4) to be clamped thereon and at least one mold lifting cylinder (12) for lifting the shape of the vibrating table, characterized in that the mold (4) by means of at least one elastic bearing (11) in the device (1) is mounted. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastische Lagerung (11) der Form (4) in Reihe mit dem Formhubzylinder (12) in einer Kraftflussverbindung zwischen einer Krafteinleitung an der Vorrichtung (1) und der Form (4) angeordnet ist.Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the elastic support (11) of the mold (4) is arranged in series with the mold lifting cylinder (12) in a force flow connection between a force input to the device (1) and the mold (4). Verfahren zum Verdichten von trockenen Gemengen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Steinen aus erdfeuchtem Beton, mit folgenden Schritten: - Einfüllen des Gemenges in wenigstens eine Form (4), die auf einem Schwingtisch (3) und/oder einem Unterlagsbrett (5) angeordnet ist oder wird, - Erzeugen einer vorzugsweise harmonischen Vibration zum Verdichten des Gemenges durch den Schwingtisch und/oder diesem zugeordnete Einrichtungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Formhubzylinder (12) die Form (4) während der Vibration so stark auf den Schwingtisch (3) oder das Unterlagsbrett (5) presst, dass während der Vibration Form (4) und Schwingtisch (3) gemeinsam schwingen.Process for compacting dry mixtures, in particular for producing stones from earth-moist concrete, comprising the following steps: Filling the mixture in at least one mold (4) arranged on a vibrating table (3) and / or a base (5), Generating a preferably harmonic vibration for compressing the mixture through the vibrating table and / or devices associated therewith, characterized in that at least one Formhubzylinder (12) presses the mold (4) during the vibration so strong on the vibrating table (3) or the base board (5) that oscillate during the vibration mold (4) and vibrating table (3) together. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Verdichten das verdichtete Gemenge durch Abheben der Form (4) von dem Schwingtisch (3) oder dem Unterlagsbrett (5) mittels des wenigstens einen Formhubzylinders (12) entschalt wird, wobei insbesondere das verdichtete Gemenge gleichzeitig durch eine Auflast (22) niedergehalten wird.A method according to claim 13, characterized in that after compacting the compacted mixture by lifting the mold (4) from the Oscillating table (3) or the base board (5) by means of at least one Formhubzylinders (12) is de-switching, in particular, the compacted mixture is simultaneously held down by a load (22). Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Vibration, insbesondere durch eine aufeinander abgestimmte elastische Lagerung (7, 11) des Schwingtisches (3) und der Form (4), der Schwingtisch und die Form im Wesentlichen als ein Ein-Massensystem (14) gemeinsam schwingen.A method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that in the vibration, in particular by a coordinated elastic bearing (7, 11) of the vibrating table (3) and the mold (4), the vibrating table and the mold essentially as an Swing mass system (14) together. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anpressdruck an das Schwingverhalten der Gesamteinheit angepasst wird, um ein Abheben der Form (4) zu verhindern.Method according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the contact pressure is adapted to the vibration behavior of the entire unit in order to prevent lifting of the mold (4). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während der Vibration die wenigstens eine Form (4) und der Schwingtisch (3) oder das Unterlagsbrett (5) phasengleich mit gleicher Amplitude schwingen.Method according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that oscillate during the vibration, the at least one shape (4) and the vibrating table (3) or the base board (5) in phase with the same amplitude.
EP08003921.7A 2007-03-07 2008-03-03 Method and device for compacting dry mixtures Not-in-force EP1967339B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL08003921T PL1967339T3 (en) 2007-03-07 2008-03-03 Method and device for compacting dry mixtures

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DE102007011473 2007-03-07

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EP3031601A1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-15 Quadra 1 Method for stripping a construction element from a vibrating press
EP3031589A1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-15 Quadra 1 System for compressing a vibrating press for the production of a construction element
CN107756856A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-03-06 丁继来 A kind of cow dung burning block cow dung briquetting apparatus
CN114232788A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-03-25 江西省萍乡市联友建材有限公司 Ultra-long structure concrete seamless construction structure and construction method

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CN112008828B (en) * 2020-09-04 2022-01-28 上海民航新时代机场设计研究院有限公司 Water conservancy construction concrete prefabricated member forming manufacturing method

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DK1967339T3 (en) 2014-06-23
EP1967339A3 (en) 2011-03-16
EP1967339B1 (en) 2014-04-23

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