EP2257415B1 - Concrete block finisher, having harmonic vibration by means of shape excitation and method for shaping and compacting concrete mixtures - Google Patents

Concrete block finisher, having harmonic vibration by means of shape excitation and method for shaping and compacting concrete mixtures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2257415B1
EP2257415B1 EP09715186.4A EP09715186A EP2257415B1 EP 2257415 B1 EP2257415 B1 EP 2257415B1 EP 09715186 A EP09715186 A EP 09715186A EP 2257415 B1 EP2257415 B1 EP 2257415B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vibration
surcharge
board
frame
vibrating
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EP09715186.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2257415A2 (en
Inventor
Joerg-Henry Schwabe
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IAB Institut fuer Angewandte Bauforschung Weimar gGmbH
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IAB Institut fuer Angewandte Bauforschung Weimar gGmbH
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Priority to PL09715186T priority Critical patent/PL2257415T3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/087—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/022—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form combined with vibrating or jolting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/04—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould
    • B28B3/06—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould with two or more ram and mould sets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/022—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space whereby the material is subjected to vibrations

Definitions

  • such a device comprises (i) a replaceable mold insert which receives the mixture to be compacted, (ii) a vibrating frame to which the mold insert is non-positively and / or positively connected, (iii) a vibration exciter system attached to the vibrating frame, with which the vibration frame is placed in substantially harmonic vibration, (iv) a ballast assembly, and (v) a backing board which is pressed against the mold insert from below during vibration.
  • the apparatus also includes a board lift assembly comprising one or more log lifting cylinders and a board lift.
  • the invention also relates to a method for shaping and compacting mixtures with a device according to one of claims 1 to 10.
  • shock vibration for the shaping and compression of mixtures, especially concrete quantities in stiff to very stiff consistency has been known for many years.
  • devices are mostly used in industrial production, which generate shock-like vibrations for the compression of the concrete amount by the generation of shock processes between machine components and act on the mixture to be processed.
  • shock vibration with the very intense compaction effect are faced with a number of significant disadvantages. These consist in the extremely high load the machine technology and the associated high machine wear and the operating costs, in the high environmental impact with vibrations, and in the extreme noise emission.
  • the harmonic motion functions with the required acceleration amplitudes are generated by various technical methods. It can be assumed that the values of the accelerations in the exciter frequency must at least come to the order of magnitude of the accelerations in the excitation frequency in the event of shock-like vibration in order to achieve comparable compaction effects.
  • This force is applied by vertically movable spring assemblies, which press on the mold during the vibration and are positioned on the opposite side of the spring temporarily fixed to the frame. Due to their elastic properties, they ensure the oscillating movement of the vibration bandage.
  • a load assembly pushes passively or actively with its own vibratory drives during the vibration action on the upper side of the concrete in the mold chambers amount.
  • a vibration frame is mounted on a machine frame via elastic damping elements.
  • the vibration frame is equipped with a vibration exciter system attached directly to it.
  • a mold insert is used in the vibration frame.
  • a backing board is pressed to the mold insert from below with a board lift assembly during vibration.
  • the base board, on which elements are attached, which determine the shape of the stones is inserted into the bottom of the mold and fixed there.
  • the object of the invention is, while maintaining the method of shaping and compaction of mixtures, preferably concrete quantities in rigid and very stiff consistency for the production of concrete products and paving stones by means of the harmonic vibration action to develop a manufacturing facility, which is characterized by a significant simplification of the particular tension in terms of size of the clamping force and a reduction of the necessary for the plant of the backing board to the mold insert forces.
  • a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim in that the backing board is elastically connected to the board stroke via board springs, and during vibration by a force applied by the board lifting cylinder such a contact force is pressed against the molding insert (i) forming chambers are closed downwardly and relative motion between mold insert and backing board is eliminated, and (ii) vibration frame, mold insert and backing board without clamping as a temporary vibratory bandage perform synchronous, harmonic swinging motion while the board lifting assembly remains in a frame fixed position ,
  • a temporary vibration or vibration dressing is understood to mean that said three components do not change their relative position relative to one another during the vibration. In this case, the vibrations preferably take place not only with the same amplitude but also with the same phase position.
  • a vibration excitation on the backing board is used.
  • an auxiliary swing table with an auxiliary vibration exciter system is mounted between the board stroke and the base board.
  • additional vibrations are introduced into the mixture, which are coordinated with the vibration excitation on the vibration frame.
  • the mold insert and the board each have their own excitation system, which is necessary for their harmonic oscillatory movement.
  • the excitation systems are coordinated via a controller. So only small forces between mold insert and base plate are exchanged.
  • the temporary vibratory structure is formed within the concrete block maker so that the force path between the source of excitation forces - the vibratory exciter system - and the amount of concrete to be compacted in the mold insert is reduced to the shortest possible extent by the vibration exciter system acts directly on the mold insert on the vibration frame and initiates the excitement forces directly into the form.
  • the mold insert For the production of concrete blocks and concrete products in various dimensions of the mold insert is designed as a detachable from the vibrating frame component. Depending on the product to be manufactured, the respectively required mold insert is placed in the vibration frame and i. A. non-positively and / or positively connected thereto.
  • the ability to vibrate the Form Rushing the vibrating frame and the vibration exciter system attacking it is achieved by an elastic mounting on vibrating frame springs, via which the vibrating frame is elastically connected to a frame-fixed machine frame.
  • the vibration frame springs thus simultaneously take over the vibration isolation with respect to the machine frame.
  • the vibration frame can then oscillate freely with vibration excitation as part of the temporary vibration bandage - vibration frame, mold insert, and base board vibrations with the same amplitude and the same phase.
  • the backing plate follows by a resilient contact with the mold bottom by means of spring elements of the oscillatory motion of the mold and ensures a secure closure of the mold chambers during the harmonic vibration.
  • the load assembly comprises a load, a load cylinder and one or more load springs, wherein the Auflastthubzylinder frame fixed to a machine frame, wherein the load is elastically connected via the Auflastfedern with the frame-fixed part of the load assembly, and wherein the Auflasthubzylinder the load during the vibration with such a force on the surface of the mixture to be compacted presses (i) no lifting of the load from the surface of the batch takes place and (ii) the surcharge on the elastic attachment with the Auflastfedern the movements of the surface the mixture follows. Upwards, each mold chamber is then temporarily closed during the harmonic vibration by a respective load plate. All load plates are combined as an assembly and form the ballast assembly.
  • the attached to the vibration frame vibration exciter system is designed in mirror-symmetrical design to a vertical center plane formed by the vertical center of the mold and is dynamically preferably operated so that the mold is subjected to the compacted concrete amount with a directed vertical vibration. But horizontal vibration components are possible.
  • the inventive task of simplifying the bracing, in particular with regard to the size of the bracing force is achieved in that it is omitted in the previous function. Because of the direct application of force in the vibrating frame with mold insert a strain between unbalance exciter and mold insert, which opens and closes for the demoulding in the clock cycle, no longer required.
  • the temporarily secure connection of the base plate with the mold during the harmonic vibration is achieved by a Bretthub coupled Bretthubzylinder that moves the backing board from below against the mold insert. Because of the much smaller oscillating mass of the backing board including proportionate batch mass in relation to the moving masses in previous solutions from the prior art significantly smaller forces for the temporary installation of the base plate to the form are required to be applied by the Bretthubzylinder or , During harmonic vibration, the board springs ensure the movement of the backing board with the mold and its permanent abutment against the bottom of the mold.
  • the vibration is set to zero, which can be achieved by switching off or by power-free operation z. B. can be reached in a four-wave arrangement.
  • the shuttering is carried out by a synchronous movement of the Bretthubzylinders and Auflasthubzylinders down, the shape maintains its position.
  • the vibratory exciter system comprises a single shaft unbalance exciter, ie a pair of unbalance exciter shafts or torsionally coupled unbalanced vibratory strands installed in mirror symmetry with the vibrating frame with respect to the vertical center plane of the mold and in opposite directions the same speed and mirror-symmetrical phase position to work vertical vertical center plane.
  • a single shaft unbalance exciter ie a pair of unbalance exciter shafts or torsionally coupled unbalanced vibratory strands installed in mirror symmetry with the vibrating frame with respect to the vertical center plane of the mold and in opposite directions the same speed and mirror-symmetrical phase position to work vertical vertical center plane.
  • vertically directed harmonic oscillations are excited.
  • the vibration exciter system comprises an imbalance exciter in a double-shaft arrangement or in a four-shaft arrangement, ie a pair of mirror-symmetrically mounted and driven double or administratfachunwuchterregerwellen or torsionally coupled unbalanced vibration strands which both produce a directed harmonic vibration effect on the mold and in a advantageous development as unbalance exciter pair with Verstellunwucht in coaxial shaft arrangement enable adjustment of the effective resulting excitation force amplitude during the vibration continuously between zero and a maximum by pairwise synchronous changing the phase position between the corresponding unbalanced shafts. This feature allows, for example, a zero exciter power up the speed from zero to the operating speed.
  • a further embodiment of the invention consists in the application of a force-excited vibration drive via hydraulic, pneumatic or piezoelectric actuators that put the vibration frame with mold insert as a single drive or in a mirror-symmetrical arrangement with respect to the vertical shape center plane in vertical harmonic oscillations. Because of the lower excitation forces in comparison to the harmonic vibration of the prior art, smaller components can be used here as units of purchase.
  • the Bretthubbaue expediently performs a lifting movement, which is at least as large as the height of the finished compacted and deactivated product.
  • vibration frame and mold insert perform such a large stroke movement.
  • Fig.1 is the basic structure of a device for shaping of mixtures, in particular for the production of concrete blocks shown, but without an auxiliary swing table.
  • the device comprises a replaceable mold insert (4) for receiving the mixture to be compacted (17), a vibration frame (5) to which the mold insert (4) is non-positively and / or positively connected, a vibration exciter system attached to the vibration frame (5) with which the vibrating frame (5) is set in substantially harmonic vibration, an impact assembly and a backing board (7) which is pressed from below onto the mold insert (4) during vibration so that the vibrating frame (5), mold insert (4 ), and backing board (7) form a temporary vibration bandage and perform substantially the same swinging movements.
  • the vibration exciter are generally mounted in a mirror-symmetrical arrangement to the mold center plane, in the simplest case an unbalance exciter pair in single-shaft arrangement (11) is sufficient.
  • the vibration frame (5) is the component that transmits the vibrations from the vibration source - the vibration exciters - to the mold insert (4) with the mixture (17) to be compacted therein. From the vibration engineering Requires out he ensures the rigidity of the vibrating bandage, consisting of vibration frame (5) with attached vibration exciters, the mold insert (4) and backing board (7) and ballast (2).
  • the vibration frame thus fulfills the same function as the vibration table and the mold frame of a technical solution according to the prior art. Due to the short force path and the compact design, the moving mass of the solution according to the invention is advantageously significantly lower in comparison to known solutions such as in DE 20301954 , This is associated with a significant reduction of the excitation forces while achieving equal acceleration amplitudes for the shaping and compression of the batch.
  • the backing board (7) is pressed after its transfer into the position shown with the Bretthubbauè consisting of Bretthubzylinder (10), Bretthub (8) and board springs (9) against the vibration of the mold insert (4).
  • the elastic connection between the backing board (7) and board stroke (8) via the board springs (9) together with a sufficient applied by the Bretthubzylindern (10) contact force ensures the mobility of the backing board (7) during the vibration without it from the mold insert (4 ) takes off. It follows during the vibration action of the movements of the mold insert (4) and closes the mold chambers down.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the necessary clamping forces between vibrational and shaping components - ie according to the invention between vibrating frame (5) with mold insert (4), vibration exciter and base plate (7) - because of the much lower mass of the backing board (7) compared to the known masses of the components to be clamped in the Trade journal "Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik", issue 10/2007, p.
  • the mixture to be compacted (17) is filled before the start of vibration. Thereafter, the on-load assembly consisting of lift lift cylinder (1) and load (2) lowers until the load plates hit the batch surface to press.
  • the preloading springs (3) ensure the movement of the ballast (2) during the vibration and the vibration isolation to the machine frame.
  • the vibrating frame (5) with mold insert (4) remains in its position, unlike the prior art, which is advantageous for vibration exciter and filling car. Due to the fixed position of the vibration frame (5) with mold insert (4) eliminates the Formhub observed from the prior art, which had to lift during the demoulding relatively high masses.
  • the demoulding takes place in the solution according to the invention by the board stroke with smaller masses to be moved, with ballast movement and Bretthub proceed in a coordinated manner. If required, a decoupling by Formhub is still possible, in which case the backing board (7) can remain in its position.
  • Fig. 2 shows design variants of the vibration frame (5) with attached vibration exciters and mold insert (4).
  • the vibration exciter system may consist of rotating unbalance systems, which are mounted in pairs on the sides and synchronized z. B. with the help of an electronic control.
  • the vibration generation can also be done by means of dynamically operating hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical or piezoelectric actuators (15).
  • Fig. 3 shows an exemplary solution of the connection between the vibration frame (5) and mold insert (4).
  • This play-free connection can be done mechanically by means of screwing or by means of wedge-shaped clamping elements (16), such as a clamping plate, whereby hydraulic actuators can also be used.
  • Fig. 4 finally shows the device according to the invention with the auxiliary vibrating table.
  • the auxiliary swing table (19) has an auxiliary vibration exciter system (20) which serves to coordinate the movement of the base board (7) relative to the movement of the vibration frame (5) with mold insert (4).
  • a control (21) both movements are coordinated so that the backing board (7) during the vibration always on the bottom of the mold insert (4) is applied and at the same time the required pressure forces are minimized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft gemäβ dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, eine Vorrichtung zur Formgebung von Gemengen, bevorzugt von Betongemengen zur Steinfertigung durch Formgebung und Verdichtung mittels Einwirkung harmonischer Schwingungen, umfassend

  • eine Formbaugruppe mit Vibrationsrahmen zur Aufnahme des zu verdichtenden Gemenges, Vibrationsrahmenfeder zur elastischen Lagerung des Vibrationsrahmens und mit einem am Vibrationsrahmen angebrachten Vibrationserregersystem als Schwingungsantrieb
  • eine Palettenbaugruppe mit Unterlagsbrett zur Aufnahme der herzustellenden Produkte, Brettfeder zur schwingungstechnischen Entkopplung während der Vibrationseinwirkung und Bretthubtisch für Zustellbewegungen während der Fertigungstakte
  • eine Auflastbaugruppe mit Auflast zur Formgebung der Oberfläche des herzustellenden Produktes, Auflastfeder für die elastische Lagerung und Auflasthub zur Ausführung von zustell- und Entschalbewegungen.
The invention relates according to the preamble of claim 1, a device for shaping mixtures, preferably of concrete quantities for stone production by shaping and compression by the action of harmonic vibrations, comprising
  • a mold assembly with vibration frame for receiving the mixture to be compacted, vibrating frame spring for resilient mounting of the vibrating frame and with a mounted on the vibration frame vibration exciter system as vibration drive
  • a pallet assembly with base board for receiving the products to be produced, board spring for vibration control decoupling during vibration and Bretthubtisch for Zustellbewegungen during the production cycles
  • a load-bearing assembly with load for shaping the surface of the product to be produced, loading spring for the elastic bearing and Auflasthub for performing delivery and Entschalbewegungen.

Genauer umfasst eine solche Vorrichtung (i) einen auswechselbaren Formeinsatz, der das zu verdichtende Gemenge aufnimmt, (ii) einen Vibrationsrahmen, mit dem der Formeinsatz kraft- und / oder formschlüssig verbunden ist, (iii) ein an dem Vibrationsrahmen angebrachtes Vibrationserregersystem, mit dem der Vibrationsrahmen in im wesentlichen harmonische Vibration versetzt wird, (iv) eine Auflastbaugruppe und (v) ein Unterlagsbrett, welches während der Vibration von unten an den Formeinsatz gepreßt wird. Schließlich umfaßt die Vorrichtung außerdem eine Bretthubbaugruppe, welche einen oder mehrere Bretthubzylinder und einen Bretthub umfasst.Specifically, such a device comprises (i) a replaceable mold insert which receives the mixture to be compacted, (ii) a vibrating frame to which the mold insert is non-positively and / or positively connected, (iii) a vibration exciter system attached to the vibrating frame, with which the vibration frame is placed in substantially harmonic vibration, (iv) a ballast assembly, and (v) a backing board which is pressed against the mold insert from below during vibration. Finally, the apparatus also includes a board lift assembly comprising one or more log lifting cylinders and a board lift.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur formgebung und Verdichtung von Gemengen mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.The invention also relates to a method for shaping and compacting mixtures with a device according to one of claims 1 to 10.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die industrielle Herstellung kleinformatiger Betonwaren, insbesondere aus Gemengen in steifer bis sehr steifer Konsistenz erfolgt im Stand der Technik durch die zwei Verfahren der Schockvibration und der harmonischen Vibration.The industrial production of small-sized concrete products, in particular from mixtures in stiff to very stiff consistency takes place in the prior art by the two methods of shock vibration and harmonic vibration.

Das technologische Verfahren der Schockvibration für die Formgebung und Verdichtung von Gemengen, insbesondere Betongemengen in steifer bis sehr steifer Konsistenz ist seit vielen Jahren bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren werden in der industriellen Produktion meist Vorrichtungen verwendet, die zur Verdichtung des Betongemenges durch die Erzeugung von Stoßvorgängen zwischen maschinentechnischen Komponenten schockartige Vibrationen erzeugen und auf das zu verarbeitende Gemenge einwirken.The technological process of shock vibration for the shaping and compression of mixtures, especially concrete quantities in stiff to very stiff consistency has been known for many years. In this method, devices are mostly used in industrial production, which generate shock-like vibrations for the compression of the concrete amount by the generation of shock processes between machine components and act on the mixture to be processed.

Bekannte Vorrichtungen verwenden zur Schwingungserzeugung Systeme, die auf elektromotorisch angetriebenen Unwuchtwellen basieren, wie beispielsweise im Artikel " Steigerung der Produktqualität durch effiziente Verdichtung" von Berthold Schlecht und Alexander Neubauer, erschienen in der Zeitschrift "Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik", Ausgabe 9/2000, S. 44 - 52 , ausführlich dargestellt. Eine ausführliche Darstellung zum Stand der Technik des Schockvibrationsverfahrens und der dafür verwendeten Vorrichtungen ist in DE 20301954 enthalten, auf die hier ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird.Known devices use vibration generating systems based on electric motor driven unbalanced shafts, such as in the article " Enhancing product quality through efficient compaction "by Berthold Schlecht and Alexander Neubauer, published in the magazine" Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik ", issue 9/2000, p. 44 - 52 , presented in detail. A detailed description of the state of the art of the shock vibration method and the devices used therefor is given in US Pat DE 20301954 which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Aus dem Bereich von mit Schockvibration arbeitenden Blocksteinmaschinen auf dem US-Markt sind Formen mit direkt an der Form fest angebrachten Unwuchterregern, wie z. B. in DE 689 04 376 T2 und der US 4,312,242 bekannt. Das Formgehäuse bei diesen Formen enthält stützende Seitenarme, die einen Vibrationsrahmen bilden. Beide Elemente bilden hier eine nicht von einander trennbare Einheit. An der Unterseite wird diese Einheit durch eine in vertikaler Richtung hebbare Palette verschlossen, die lösbar mit dem unteren Ende der Einheit verklammert wird. Auch in der US 4,235,580 wird eine mit Schockvibration arbeitende Blocksteinmaschine beschrieben. Zur Vermeidung von Lärm beim Einwirken der Vibrationsimpulse wird die auf einem Palettenträger auf Gummielementen lagernde Palette mittels einer auf den Palettenträger wirkenden Luftfeder gegen die Form gepreßt.From the field of working with shock vibration block machines in the US market are forms with directly attached to the form immobile rogue such. In DE 689 04 376 T2 and the US 4,312,242 known. The mold housing in these molds includes supporting side arms that form a vibrating frame. Both elements form a unit that can not be separated from each other. At the bottom of this unit is closed by a liftable in the vertical direction pallet, which is releasably clamped to the lower end of the unit. Also in the US 4,235,580 is described a working with shock vibration block machine. To avoid noise when exposed to the vibration pulses on a pallet carrier on rubber elements overlapping pallet is pressed by means of a force acting on the pallet carrier air spring against the mold.

Die genannten Blocksteinmaschinen, die beispielsweise von der Firma Besser, Inc., angeboten werden sind jedoch ausschließlich für die Schockvibration konzipiert. Von den zwei am Vibrationsrahmen angebrachten, gegenläufig angetriebenen Unwuchten - beispielsweise vom Typ AFC SmartPac® werden in der Regel Amplituden zwischen 50 kN und 70 kN pro Unwucht erzielt, für eine harmonische Vibration - beispielsweise wie in der DE 20301954 beschrieben - sind derzeit jedoch wesentlich höhere Kräfte von etwa 600 kN notwendig.The block machines mentioned, which are offered for example by the company Besser, Inc., however, are designed exclusively for shock vibration. Of the two mounted on the vibrating frame, counter-rotating unbalance - for example of the type AFC SmartPac ® usually amplitudes between 50 kN and 70 kN are achieved per imbalance, for a harmonic vibration - for example, as in the DE 20301954 However, significantly higher forces of about 600 kN are currently required.

Dem Vorteil der Schockvibration mit der sehr intensiven Verdichtungswirkung stehen eine Reihe von entscheidenden Nachteilen gegenüber. Diese bestehen in der extrem hohen Belastung der Maschinentechnik und dem damit verbundenen hohen Maschinenverschleiß und den Betriebskosten, in der hohen Umweltbelastung mit Schwingungen, und in der extremen Lärmemission.The advantage of the shock vibration with the very intense compaction effect are faced with a number of significant disadvantages. These consist in the extremely high load the machine technology and the associated high machine wear and the operating costs, in the high environmental impact with vibrations, and in the extreme noise emission.

Auf der anderen Seite sind in jüngster Zeit Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Formgebung und Verdichtung von Gemengen, insbesondere Betongemengen in steifer bis sehr steifer Konsistenz mittels der harmonischen Vibrationseinwirkung entstanden, um bei mindestens gleichen Bedingungen für die Produktqualität die Nachteile der Schockvibration zu reduzieren bzw. zu vermeiden. Möchte man auf die Schockvibration verzichten, so muß das Fehlen der durch die Prellschläge erzeugten Beschleunigungsspitzen durch entsprechend höhere Kräfte in der harmonischen Vibration ersetzt werden. Die notwendige Gesamtkraft liegt bei etwa 600 kN. Aus Platzgründen ist bei bestehenden, nach dem Prinzip der Schockvibration arbeitenden Maschinen eine einfache Erhöhung der Anzahl der Unwuchten nicht möglich, so daß neue konstruktive Lösungen gefunden werden müssen, wie beispielsweise in der DE 20301954 beschrieben, auf deren Offenbarung, die Bestandteil dieser Anmeldung ist, hier ausdrücklich verwiesen wird.On the other hand, methods and devices for shaping and compacting mixtures, in particular concrete quantities in rigid to very stiff consistency by means of the harmonic vibration effect have recently been developed in order to reduce or avoid the disadvantages of shock vibration under at least the same conditions for product quality , If you do not want to miss the shock vibration, the absence of the acceleration peaks generated by the bounce impacts must be replaced by correspondingly higher forces in the harmonic vibration. The necessary total force is about 600 kN. For reasons of space is in existing, operating on the principle of shock vibration machines, a simple increase in the number of imbalances not possible, so that new constructive solutions must be found, such as in the DE 20301954 whose disclosure, which is a component of this application, is expressly referred to here.

Bei den bekannten technischen Lösungen werden die harmonischen Bewegungsfunktionen mit den erforderlichen Beschleunigungsamplituden durch verschiedene technische Verfahren erzeugt. Dabei ist davon auszugehen, daß die Werte der Beschleunigungen in der Erregerfrequenz mindestens in die Größenordnung der Beschleunigungen in der Erregerfrequenz bei schockartiger Vibrationseinwirkung kommen müssen, um vergleichbare Verdichtungswirkungen zu erreichen.In the known technical solutions, the harmonic motion functions with the required acceleration amplitudes are generated by various technical methods. It can be assumed that the values of the accelerations in the exciter frequency must at least come to the order of magnitude of the accelerations in the excitation frequency in the event of shock-like vibration in order to achieve comparable compaction effects.

Eine bekannte technische Lösung für die Formgebung und Verdichtung von Gemengen in steifer bis sehr steifer Konsistenz besteht in der Anwendung eines oder mehrerer hydraulisch betätigter Servozylinder, um die erforderlichen hohen Kräfte in einer harmonischen Zeitfunktion zu erzeugen. Auf hydraulischem Antrieb basierende Vorrichtungen zur Betonsteinfertigung werden im oben genannten Artikel von Schlecht und Neubauer sowie in der Schrift WO 01/47698 A1 beschrieben.One known technical solution for shaping and compacting blends of stiff to very stiff consistency is the use of one or more hydraulically actuated servo cylinders to produce the required high forces in a harmonic time function. Hydraulic drive-based devices for concrete block production are in the above-mentioned article by Schlecht and Neubauer and in the Scriptures WO 01/47698 A1 described.

Eine weitere technische Lösungsvariante für die Formgebung und Verdichtung von Gemengen besteht in der Erzeugung von harmonischen Schwingungen mittels rotierender Unwuchtwellen. Dieses Prinzip wird auch für die Zwangserregung des Schwingtisches beim Schockvibrationsverfahren genutzt. Allerdings müssen beim harmonischen Vibrationsverfahren die Erregerkräfte deutlich höher sein im Vergleich zum Schockvibrationsverfahren, um vergleichbare Beschleunigungsamplituden für die ausreichende Formgebung und Verdichtung des Gemenges zu erreichen.Another technical solution for the shaping and compression of mixtures is the generation of harmonic vibrations by means of rotating unbalanced shafts. This principle is also used for the forced excitation of the vibrating table in the shock vibration process. However, in the harmonic vibration method, the excitation forces must be significantly higher compared to the shock vibration method in order to achieve comparable acceleration amplitudes for the sufficient shaping and compression of the batch.

Eine bekannte Lösung für dieses Verfahren ist in DE 20301954 beschrieben. Während der Vibrationsverdichtung mit harmonischer Vibration wird temporär ein steifer Schwingverband bestehend aus dem Schwingtisch, der Unterlagsplatte und der Form durch eine Formverspannung hergestellt.A known solution for this method is in DE 20301954 described. During vibration compacting with harmonic vibration, a stiff vibrating band consisting of the vibrating table, the base plate and the mold is temporarily produced by a form tension.

Eine weitere Lösung der Formgebung und Verdichtung von Gemengen mittels harmonischer Vibration, entwickelt von G. Becker, ist in der Fachzeitschrift "Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik", Ausgabe 10/2007 "Leistungssteigerung und Lärmminderung mit harmonischer Vibration", S. 22 - 27 , beschrieben. Auf einem elastisch gelagerten Schwingtisch mit den an der Unterseite befestigten Unwuchtvibratoren liegen Unterlagsbrett und Form mit dem in den Formkammern enthaltenen zu verdichtenden Betongemenge. Während der Einwirkung der harmonischen Vibrationen werden die Form und das Unterlagsbrett mit einer solchen Kraft auf den Schwingtisch gedrückt, daß während dieser Zeit keine Relativbewegungen zwischen diesen Komponenten des Schwingverbandes mehr auftreten können. Diese Kraft wird durch vertikal bewegliche Federbaugruppen aufgebracht, die während der Vibrationseinwirkung auf die Form drücken und auf der gegenüberliegenden Federseite temporär gestellfest positioniert sind. Durch ihre elastische Eigenschaft sichern sie die Schwingbewegung des Vibrationsverbandes. Eine Auflastbaugruppe drückt während der Vibrationseinwirkung passiv oder aktiv mit eigenen Vibrationsantrieben auf die obere Seite des in den Formkammern befindlichen Betongemenges.Another solution of shaping and compression of mixtures by means of harmonic vibration, developed by G. Becker, is in the journal "Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik", issue 10/2007 "Increasing Performance and Reducing Noise with Harmonic Vibration", p. 22 - 27 , described. On an elastically mounted vibrating table with the unbalanced vibrators attached to the underside are base plate and mold with the concrete contained in the mold chambers to be compacted. During the action of the harmonic vibrations, the mold and the backing board are pressed onto the vibrating table with such force that during this time no relative movements between these components of the vibrating formation can occur any more. This force is applied by vertically movable spring assemblies, which press on the mold during the vibration and are positioned on the opposite side of the spring temporarily fixed to the frame. Due to their elastic properties, they ensure the oscillating movement of the vibration bandage. A load assembly pushes passively or actively with its own vibratory drives during the vibration action on the upper side of the concrete in the mold chambers amount.

Alle hier beschriebenen harmonischen Verdichtungseinrichtungen reduzieren in deutlichen Maße die vorab bezeichneten Nachteile von Schockvibrationseinrichtungen hinsichtlich der extrem hohen Maschinenbelastung, der hohen Umweltbelastung mit Schwingungen und der extremen Lärmemission. Trotz der sichtbaren Vorteile der beschriebenen technischen Lösungen für die Formgebung und Verdichtung mittels harmonischer Vibration sind diese auch mit deutlichen Nachteilen verbunden.All of the harmonic compressors described herein significantly reduce the above-described drawbacks of shock vibration equipment in terms of extremely high engine load, high environmental impact with vibration, and extreme noise emission. Despite the visible advantages of the described technical solutions for shaping and compression by means of harmonic vibration, these are also associated with significant disadvantages.

In der Wahl einer Hydraulik als Antriebsmedium liegt ein großer Nachteil. Gerade Servohydraulik erfordert eine extreme Reinheit des Öls, die sich in der Umgebung eines Betonwerkes nur mit hohen Aufwand aufrecht erhalten läßt. Außerdem liegt der Energiebedarf einer auf Hydraulik basierenden Vorrichtung wegen des relativ schlechten Wirkungsgrades deutlich höher als bei herkömmlichen elektromotorisch arbeitenden Schockvibrationsvorrichtungen. Zudem sind die Anschaffungskosten für ein derartiges Servohydrauliksystem deutlich höher als für einen elektromotorischen Antrieb.In the choice of a hydraulic drive medium is a major disadvantage. Servohydraulik requires an extreme purity of the oil, which can be maintained in the environment of a concrete plant only with great effort. In addition, the energy requirement of a hydraulic-based device is much higher than in conventional electric motor-operated shock vibration devices because of the relatively poor efficiency. In addition, the cost of such a servo-hydraulic system are significantly higher than for an electric motor drive.

Als weiterer Nachteil zeigt sich in einigen der beschriebenen Lösungen, daß neben dem zu verdichtenden Gemenge weitere Komponenten mitbewegt werden müssen, die strukturbedingt eine hohe Masse haben. Eine Massebetrachtung zeigt, daß deutlich mehr Stahlbau als zu verdichtendes Gemenge in Vibrationen versetzt werden müssen, was entsprechend groß ausgelegte Unwuchtwellen erfordert und den Wirkungsgrad reduziert.Another disadvantage is found in some of the solutions described that in addition to the mixture to be compacted other components must be moved, which have a high mass due to the structure. A mass analysis shows that significantly more steel construction than to be compacted mixture must be placed in vibration, which requires correspondingly sized unbalanced shafts and reduces the efficiency.

Wegen der notwendigen temporär festen Verbindung aller Komponenten des Schwingverbundes, bestehend aus Schwingtisch mit Vibrationserregersystem, Unterlagsplatte, Form und dem zu verdichtenden Gemenge ist eine Formverspannung erforderlich, die sehr große Kräfte aufbringen muß um Relativbewegungen zwischen den schwingenden Komponenten sicher zu verhindern. Die großen Spannkräfte erfordern entsprechend aufwendig und fest ausgelegte Verspannbaugruppen, die selbst auch die schwingende Masse weiter erhöhen und einem hohen Verschleiß unterliegen. Im Lösungsbeispiel der Fertigungseinrichtung von G. Becker werden die auch hier aufzubringenden Verspannkräfte über einen relativ großen Kraftweg durch Teile des Maschinengestells geleitet, was einerseits eine entsprechend belastungsgerechte Auslegung erfordert und eine hohe Maschinenbelastung darstellt.Because of the necessary temporarily fixed connection of all components of the vibrating composite, consisting of vibrating table with vibration exciter system, base plate, shape and the mixture to be compacted a strain forming is required, which must apply very large forces to reliably prevent relative movements between the vibrating components. The large clamping forces require correspondingly complex and fixed bracing assemblies, which themselves also increase the oscillating mass and are subject to high wear. In the solution example of G. Becker's production facility, the clamping forces to be applied here are also conducted through a relatively large force path through parts of the machine frame, which on the one hand requires a correspondingly load-balanced design and represents a high machine load.

In der Offenlegungsschrift JP 06-298581 wird eine Vorrichtung gemäβ dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zur Herstellung von Betonsteinen beschrieben, bei der ein Vibrationsrahmen über elastische Dämpfungselemente auf einem Maschinenrahmen gelagert ist. Der Vibrationsrahmen ist mit einem direkt an diesem angebrachten Vibrationserregersystem ausgestattet. In den Vibrationsrahmen ist ein Formeneinsatz eingesetzt. Ein Unterlagsbrett wird mit einer Bretthubbaugruppe von unten während der Vibration an den Formeneinsatz gepresst. Das Unterlagsbrett, auf welchem Elemente angebracht sind, welche die Form der Steine bestimmen, wird in die Unterseite der Form eingesetzt und dort fixiert.In the published patent application JP 06-298581 a device according to the preamble of claim 1 for the production of concrete blocks is described, in which a vibration frame is mounted on a machine frame via elastic damping elements. The vibration frame is equipped with a vibration exciter system attached directly to it. In the vibration frame, a mold insert is used. A backing board is pressed to the mold insert from below with a board lift assembly during vibration. The base board, on which elements are attached, which determine the shape of the stones is inserted into the bottom of the mold and fixed there.

In der GB 2 001 574 A wird ein ähnliches Vibrationssystem zur Herstellung von Betonsteinen beschrieben, bei dem der Formeneinsatz jedoch fest mit der Form verbunden ist. Das Unterlagsbrett steht mit einer elastischen Schicht in engem Kontakt. Die elastische Schicht selbst ist auf Leisten einer als Bretthub fungierenden Plattform aufgebracht, so dass das Unterlagsbrett elastisch mit dem Bretthub verbunden ist. Zusätzliche Luftfedern können als Unterstützung der elastischen Schicht vorgesehen sein um eine extreme Stauchung dieser Schicht zu verhindern.In the GB 2 001 574 A a similar vibration system for the production of concrete blocks is described, but in which the mold insert is firmly connected to the mold. The backing board is in close contact with an elastic layer. The elastic layer itself is applied to strips of a functioning as Bretthub platform, so that the base board is elastically connected to the Bretthub. Additional air springs may be provided as support of the elastic layer to prevent extreme compression of this layer.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, unter Beibehaltung des Verfahrens der Formgebung und Verdichtung von Gemengen, bevorzugt Betongemengen in steifer und sehr steifer Konsistenz zur Herstellung von Betonwaren und Pflastersteinen mittels der harmonischen Vibrationseinwirkung eine Fertigungseinrichtung zu entwickeln, die gekennzeichnet ist durch eine deutliche Vereinfachung der Verspannung insbesondere hinsichtlich Größe der Verspannkraft sowie eine Reduzierung der für die Anlage des Unterlagsbretts an den Formeinsatz notwendigen Kräfte.The object of the invention is, while maintaining the method of shaping and compaction of mixtures, preferably concrete quantities in rigid and very stiff consistency for the production of concrete products and paving stones by means of the harmonic vibration action to develop a manufacturing facility, which is characterized by a significant simplification of the particular tension in terms of size of the clamping force and a reduction of the necessary for the plant of the backing board to the mold insert forces.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung gemäβ anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren gemäβ Anspruch in gelöst, und zwar dass das Unterlagsbrett über Brettfedern elastisch mit dem Bretthub verbunden ist, und während der Vibration durch eine durch die Bretthubzylinder aufgebrachte derartige Anlagekraft an den Formeinsatz gepresst wird, dass (i) im Formeinsatz vorhandenen Formkammern nach unten abgeschlossen sind und eine Relativbewegung zwischen Formeinsatz und Unterlagsbrett ausgeschlossen ist, und (ii) Vibrationsrahmen, Formeinsatz und Unterlagsbrett ohne Verklammerung als temporärer Vibrationsverband eine synchrone, harmonische Schwingbewegung ausführen, während die Bretthubbaugruppe in einer gestellfesten Position verbleibt.This object is solved by a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim in that the backing board is elastically connected to the board stroke via board springs, and during vibration by a force applied by the board lifting cylinder such a contact force is pressed against the molding insert (i) forming chambers are closed downwardly and relative motion between mold insert and backing board is eliminated, and (ii) vibration frame, mold insert and backing board without clamping as a temporary vibratory bandage perform synchronous, harmonic swinging motion while the board lifting assembly remains in a frame fixed position ,

Die dafür notwendige Anlagekraft wird demnach so eingestellt, daß im Zustand der Vibration - also während der Vibrationseinwirkung - Vibrationsrahmen, Formeinsatz, und Unterlagsbrett einen temporären Vibrationsverband bilden und im wesentlichen die gleichen, harmonischen Schwingbewegungen ausführen. Unter einem temporären Vibrations- oder Schwingverband wird dabei verstanden, daß die genannten drei Komponenten während der Vibration ihre relative Lage zueinander nicht ändern. Bevorzugt erfolgen die Schwingungen dabei nicht nur mit der gleichen Amplitude, sondern auch mit der gleichen Phasenlage.The necessary contact force is therefore adjusted so that in the state of vibration - ie during vibration - vibration frame, mold insert, and backing board form a temporary vibration bandage and perform essentially the same, harmonious swinging movements. A temporary vibration or vibration dressing is understood to mean that said three components do not change their relative position relative to one another during the vibration. In this case, the vibrations preferably take place not only with the same amplitude but also with the same phase position.

Außerdem wird auch eine Vibrationserregung am Unterlagsbrett genutzt. Dazu ist zwischen Bretthub und Unterlagsbrett ein Hilfsschwingtisch mit einem Hilfsvibrationserregersystem angebracht. Über diese beiden Komponenten werden zusätzliche Vibrationen in das Gemenge eingebracht, die mit der Schwingungserregung am Vibrationsrahmen koordiniert sind. So verfügen Formeinsatz und Brett jeweils selber über das Erregersystem, das zu ihrer harmonischen Schwingbewegung notwendig ist. Die Erregersysteme sind über eine Steuerung koordiniert. So sind nur geringe Kräfte zwischen Formeinsatz und Unterlagsbrett auszutauschen.In addition, a vibration excitation on the backing board is used. For this purpose, an auxiliary swing table with an auxiliary vibration exciter system is mounted between the board stroke and the base board. Through these two components additional vibrations are introduced into the mixture, which are coordinated with the vibration excitation on the vibration frame. For example, the mold insert and the board each have their own excitation system, which is necessary for their harmonic oscillatory movement. The excitation systems are coordinated via a controller. So only small forces between mold insert and base plate are exchanged.

Auf eine Verklammerung zwischen Unterlagsbrett und Formeinsatz wird verzichtet.On a clamping between the backing board and mold insert is omitted.

Dabei wird der temporäre Schwingverband innerhalb des Betonsteinfertigers so ausgebildet, daß der Kraftweg zwischen der Quelle der Erregerkräfte - dem Vibrationserregersystem - und dem zu verdichtenden Betongemenge in dem Formeinsatz auf das kürzestmögliche Maß reduziert wird, indem das Vibrationserregersystem über den Vibrationsrahmen unmittelbar auf den Formeinsatz einwirkt und die Erregerkräfte direkt in die Form einleitet.In this case, the temporary vibratory structure is formed within the concrete block maker so that the force path between the source of excitation forces - the vibratory exciter system - and the amount of concrete to be compacted in the mold insert is reduced to the shortest possible extent by the vibration exciter system acts directly on the mold insert on the vibration frame and initiates the excitement forces directly into the form.

Für die Herstellung von Betonsteinen und Betonwaren in verschiedenen Abmessungen ist der Formeinsatz als vom Vibrationsrahmen lösbare Komponente ausgebildet. In Abhängigkeit vom zu fertigendem Produkt wird der jeweils erforderliche Formeinsatz in den Vibrationsrahmen gesetzt und i. A. kraft- und / oder formschlüssig mit diesem verbunden.For the production of concrete blocks and concrete products in various dimensions of the mold insert is designed as a detachable from the vibrating frame component. Depending on the product to be manufactured, the respectively required mold insert is placed in the vibration frame and i. A. non-positively and / or positively connected thereto.

Die Schwingfähigkeit des Formeinsatze mit dem Vibrationsrahmen und den daran angreifendem Vibrationserregersystem wird durch eine elastische Lagerung auf Vibrationsrahmenfedern erreicht, über die der Vibrationsrahmen elastisch mit einem gestellfesten Maschinenrahmen verbunden ist. Die Vibrationsrahmenfedern übernehmen somit gleichzeitig auch die Schwingungsisolierung gegenüber dem Maschinengestell. Der Vibrationsrahmen kann dann bei Vibrationserregung als Teil des temporären Vibrationsverbandes - Vibrationsrahmen, Formeinsatz, und Unterlagsbrett führen Schwingungen mit gleicher Amplitude und gleicher Phase aus - frei schwingen.The ability to vibrate the Formeinsatze with the vibrating frame and the vibration exciter system attacking it is achieved by an elastic mounting on vibrating frame springs, via which the vibrating frame is elastically connected to a frame-fixed machine frame. The vibration frame springs thus simultaneously take over the vibration isolation with respect to the machine frame. The vibration frame can then oscillate freely with vibration excitation as part of the temporary vibration bandage - vibration frame, mold insert, and base board vibrations with the same amplitude and the same phase.

Nach unten wird die Form und jedes Formelement durch das bekannte Unterlagsbrett geschlossen, wobei in der erfinderischen Lösung die Unterlagsplatte durch eine elastische Anlage an der Formunterseite mittels Federelementen der Schwingbewegung der Form folgt und einen sicheren Verschluß der Formkammern während der harmonischen Vibration gewährleistet.Down the mold and each mold element is closed by the known backing board, wherein in the inventive solution, the backing plate follows by a resilient contact with the mold bottom by means of spring elements of the oscillatory motion of the mold and ensures a secure closure of the mold chambers during the harmonic vibration.

In einer weiteren, zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung umfaßt die Auflastbaugruppe eine Auflast, einen Auflastzylinder und eine oder mehrere Auflastfedern umfaßt, wobei der Auflasthubzylinder gestellfest mit einem Maschinenrahmen verbunden ist, wobei die Auflast elastisch über die Auflastfedern mit dem gestellfesten Teil der Auflastbaugruppe verbunden ist, und wobei der Auflasthubzylinder die Auflast während der Vibration mit einer derartigen Kraft auf die Oberfläche des zu verdichtenden Gemenges preßt, daß (i) kein Abheben der Auflast von der Oberfläche des Gemenges erfolgt und (ii) die Auflast über die elastische Befestigung mit den Auflastfedern den Bewegungen der Oberfläche des Gemenges folgt. Nach oben wird jede Formkammer dann temporär während der harmonischen Vibration durch jeweils eine Auflastplatte abgeschlossen. Alle Auflastplatten sind als Baugruppe zusammengefaßt und bilden die Auflastbaugruppe. Sie wird durch eine Auflasthubeinrichtung gegen die Oberfläche des Betongemenges gedrückt, wobei ein bewegter Teil der Auflastbaugruppe den Bewegungen der Form mit dem Betongemenge durch eine elastische Kopplung zwischen bewegtem und gestellfestem Teil über Auflastfedern folgt und damit einen Verschluß der Formkammer gewährleistet.In a further expedient embodiment, the load assembly comprises a load, a load cylinder and one or more load springs, wherein the Auflastthubzylinder frame fixed to a machine frame, wherein the load is elastically connected via the Auflastfedern with the frame-fixed part of the load assembly, and wherein the Auflasthubzylinder the load during the vibration with such a force on the surface of the mixture to be compacted presses (i) no lifting of the load from the surface of the batch takes place and (ii) the surcharge on the elastic attachment with the Auflastfedern the movements of the surface the mixture follows. Upwards, each mold chamber is then temporarily closed during the harmonic vibration by a respective load plate. All load plates are combined as an assembly and form the ballast assembly. It is pressed by a Auflasthubeinrichtung against the surface of the concrete amount, wherein a moving part of the Auflastbaugruppe follows the movements of the mold with the concrete amount by an elastic coupling between the moving and frame-fixed part on Auflastfedern and thus ensures a closure of the mold chamber.

Das am Vibrationsrahmen befestigte Vibrationserregersystem ist in spiegelsymmetrischer Bauweise zu einer vertikalen Mittenebene, die durch die vertikale Formmitte gebildet wird ausgeführt und wird dynamisch bevorzugt so betrieben, daß die Form mit dem zu verdichtenden Betongemenge mit einer gerichteten vertikalen Schwingung beaufschlagt wird. Aber auch horizontale Schwingungsanteile sind möglich.The attached to the vibration frame vibration exciter system is designed in mirror-symmetrical design to a vertical center plane formed by the vertical center of the mold and is dynamically preferably operated so that the mold is subjected to the compacted concrete amount with a directed vertical vibration. But horizontal vibration components are possible.

Die erfinderische Aufgabe der Vereinfachung der Verspannung insbesondere hinsichtlich Größe der Verspannkraft wird dadurch gelöst, daß sie in der bisherigen Funktion entfällt. Wegen der unmittelbaren Krafteinleitung in den Vibrationsrahmen mit Formeinsatz ist eine Verspannung zwischen Unwuchterreger und Formeinsatz, die für die Entschalung im Taktzyklus öffnet und schließt, nicht mehr erforderlich.The inventive task of simplifying the bracing, in particular with regard to the size of the bracing force is achieved in that it is omitted in the previous function. Because of the direct application of force in the vibrating frame with mold insert a strain between unbalance exciter and mold insert, which opens and closes for the demoulding in the clock cycle, no longer required.

Für die Möglichkeit des Auswechselns des Formeinsatzes bei Produktwechsel gibt es Verbindungsstellen als Schnittstelle zwischen Formeinsatz und Vibrationsrahmen, durch die die Kräfte zu leiten sind. Diese müssen jedoch nur bei Formeinsatzwechsel gelöst und wieder verbunden werden, was durch übliche Schraub- und/oder Klemmverbindungen ausgeführt wird. Geeignet sind dafür beispielsweise keilförmig ausgebildete Klemmelemente, durch die der Formeinsatz spielfrei mit dem Vibrationsrahmen verbunden wird.For the possibility of replacing the mold insert during product change, there are joints as an interface between mold insert and vibrating frame, through which the forces are to be directed. However, these must be solved only when mold replacement and reconnected, which is performed by conventional screw and / or clamp connections. Suitable for this example, wedge-shaped clamping elements by which the mold insert is connected without play with the vibration frame.

Die temporär sichere Verbindung der Unterlagsplatte mit der Form während der harmonischen Vibration wird durch eine Bretthubeinrichtung mit Bretthubzylinder, die das Unterlagsbrett von unten gegen den Formeinsatz fährt, erreicht. Wegen der sehr viel kleineren schwingenden Masse des Unterlagsbrettes einschließlich anteiliger Gemengemasse im Verhältnis zu den bewegten Massen in bisherigen Lösungen aus dem Stand der Technik sind deutlich kleinere Kräfte für die temporäre Anlage der Unterlagsplatte an der Form erforderlich, die durch den bzw. die Bretthubzylinder aufzubringen sind. Während der harmonischen Vibration sichern die Brettfedern die Bewegung des Unterlagsbrettes mit der Form und seine ständige Anlage an der Formunterseite.The temporarily secure connection of the base plate with the mold during the harmonic vibration is achieved by a Bretthubeinrichtung Bretthubzylinder that moves the backing board from below against the mold insert. Because of the much smaller oscillating mass of the backing board including proportionate batch mass in relation to the moving masses in previous solutions from the prior art significantly smaller forces for the temporary installation of the base plate to the form are required to be applied by the Bretthubzylinder or , During harmonic vibration, the board springs ensure the movement of the backing board with the mold and its permanent abutment against the bottom of the mold.

Nach Beendigung der Formgebung und Verdichtung wird die Vibrationseinwirkung auf Null gestellt, was durch Abschaltung oder durch kräftefreien Betrieb z. B. in einer Vier-WellenAnordnung erreichbar ist. Die Entschalung erfolgt durch eine synchrone Bewegung des Bretthubzylinders und des Auflasthubzylinders nach unten, wobei die Form ihre Position beibehält.After completion of the molding and compression, the vibration is set to zero, which can be achieved by switching off or by power-free operation z. B. can be reached in a four-wave arrangement. The shuttering is carried out by a synchronous movement of the Bretthubzylinders and Auflasthubzylinders down, the shape maintains its position.

In einer einfachen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfaßt das Vibrationserregersystem ein Unwuchterregerpaar in Einfachwellenanordnung, d.h. ein Paar von Unwuchterregerwellen oder drehstarr gekoppelten Unwuchtvibrationssträngen, die spiegelsymmetrisch am Vibrationsrahmen bezüglich der vertikalen Formmittenebene installiert sind und gegenläufig mit gleicher Drehzahl und spiegelsymmetrischer Phasenlage zur vertikalen Formmittenebene arbeiten. In dieser Arbeitsweise werden vertikal gerichtete harmonische Schwingungen angeregt. Durch eine geeignete Auslegung der dynamischen Unwuchtmomente werden die erforderlichen Kräfte zur Erzeugung der für die Formgebung und Verdichtung günstigen Vibrationseinwirkungen erreicht.In a simple embodiment of the invention, the vibratory exciter system comprises a single shaft unbalance exciter, ie a pair of unbalance exciter shafts or torsionally coupled unbalanced vibratory strands installed in mirror symmetry with the vibrating frame with respect to the vertical center plane of the mold and in opposite directions the same speed and mirror-symmetrical phase position to work vertical vertical center plane. In this mode of operation, vertically directed harmonic oscillations are excited. By a suitable design of the dynamic unbalance moments, the forces required to generate the favorable for the shaping and compression vibration effects are achieved.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfaßt das Vibrationserregersystem ein Unwuchterregerpaar in Doppelwellenanordnung oder in Vier-Wellenanordnung, d.h. ein Paar spiegelsymmetrisch angebrachter und angetriebener Doppel- bzw. Vierfachunwuchterregerwellen oder drehstarr gekoppelter Unwuchtvibrationsstränge, die sowohl eine gerichtete harmonische Vibrationswirkung auf die Form erzeugen als auch in einer vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung als Unwuchterregerpaar mit Verstellunwucht in Koaxial-Wellenanordnung eine Einstellung der wirkenden resultierenden Erregerkraftamplitude während der Vibrationseinwirkung stetig zwischen Null und einem Maximum durch paarweises synchrones Ändern der Phasenlage zwischen den korrespondierenden Unwuchtwellen ermöglichen. Diese Eigenschaft erlaubt beispielsweise ein erregerkraftfreies Hochfahren der Drehzahl von Null auf die Betriebsdrehzahl. ohne Schwingwegüberhöhungen bei der Durchfahrt durch die Starrkörpereigenfrequenzen. Weiterhin ist auch ein Dauerbetrieb dieses Vibrationserregersystems möglich, bei dem durch eine Phasenwinkelverstellung die resultierende Erregerkraftamplitude während des Taktwechsels auf Null gestellt wird, ohne die Antriebsdrehzahl der Unwuchtwellen auf Null stellen zu müssen. Durch den Verzicht auf die Hochfahr- und Abfahrampen der Drehzahl sind kurze Taktzeiten möglich. Durch Ändern der Phasenlage in der Betriebsfrequenz können die als günstig für die Verdichtung ermittelten Erregerkraftamplituden eingestellt werden. Eine vergleichbare Funktionalität der Vibrationserregung wird bei Anwendung eines Verstell-Erregersystems entsprechend DE 197 35 268 erreicht.In a further embodiment of the invention, the vibration exciter system comprises an imbalance exciter in a double-shaft arrangement or in a four-shaft arrangement, ie a pair of mirror-symmetrically mounted and driven double or vierfachunwuchterregerwellen or torsionally coupled unbalanced vibration strands which both produce a directed harmonic vibration effect on the mold and in a advantageous development as unbalance exciter pair with Verstellunwucht in coaxial shaft arrangement enable adjustment of the effective resulting excitation force amplitude during the vibration continuously between zero and a maximum by pairwise synchronous changing the phase position between the corresponding unbalanced shafts. This feature allows, for example, a zero exciter power up the speed from zero to the operating speed. without swing path overshoots when passing through the rigid body natural frequencies. Furthermore, a continuous operation of this vibration exciter system is possible in which the resulting exciter force amplitude is set to zero by a phase angle adjustment during the clock change, without having to set the drive speed of the unbalanced shafts to zero. By dispensing with the ramp-up and ramp-down speed, short cycle times are possible. By changing the phase position in the operating frequency, the exciter force amplitudes determined as favorable for the compression can be set. A comparable functionality of the vibration excitation is when using an adjustment exciter system accordingly DE 197 35 268 reached.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht in der Anwendung eines zwangserregten Vibrationsantriebes über hydraulische, pneumatischen oder piezoelektrische Aktuatoren, die den Vibrationsrahmen mit Formeinsatz als Einzelantrieb oder in einer spiegelsymmetrischen Anordnung bezüglich der vertikalen Formmittenebene in vertikale harmonische Schwingungen versetzen. Wegen der geringeren Erregerkräfte im Vergleich zur Harmonischen Vibration aus dem Stand der Technik sind hier kräftemäßig kleinere Komponenten als Kaufeinheiten einsetzbar.A further embodiment of the invention consists in the application of a force-excited vibration drive via hydraulic, pneumatic or piezoelectric actuators that put the vibration frame with mold insert as a single drive or in a mirror-symmetrical arrangement with respect to the vertical shape center plane in vertical harmonic oscillations. Because of the lower excitation forces in comparison to the harmonic vibration of the prior art, smaller components can be used here as units of purchase.

Die Bretthubbaugruppe führt zweckmäßig eine Hubbewegung aus, die vom Weg her mindestens so groß ist wie die Höhe des fertig verdichteten und entschalten Produkts. Alternativ oder ergänzend führen auch Vibrationsrahmen und Formeinsatz eine solch große Hubbewegung aus.The Bretthubbaugruppe expediently performs a lifting movement, which is at least as large as the height of the finished compacted and deactivated product. Alternatively or additionally, also vibration frame and mold insert perform such a large stroke movement.

Es versteht sich, daß die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in den angegebenen Kombinationen, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung einsetzbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand von Beispielen näher erläutert werden. In den dazugehörigen Figuren, die auch erfindungswesentliche Merkmale offenbaren, zeigt

Fig.1
eine schematische Darstellung des Verdichtungssystems,
Fig.2
Varianten für Vibrationserregersysteme am Vibrationsrahmen,
Fig.3
Befestigung des Formeinsatzes im Vibrationsrahmen und
Fig.4
erfindungsgemäβes Verdichtungssystem mit zusätzlicher Bretterregung
The invention will be explained in more detail by way of examples. In the accompanying figures, which also reveal features essential to the invention, shows
Fig.1
a schematic representation of the compression system,
Fig.2
Variants for vibration exciter systems on the vibration frame,
Figure 3
Attachment of the mold insert in the vibration frame and
Figure 4
according to the invention compression system with additional board excitation

Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungenDetailed description of the drawings

In Fig.1 ist der prinzipielle Aufbau einer Vorrichtung zur Formgebung von Gemengen, insbesondere zur Fertigung von Betonsteinen dargestellt, allerdings ohne einen Hilfsschwingtisch. Die Vorrichtung umfaßt einen auswechselbaren Formeinsatz (4) zur Aufnahme des zu verdichtenden Gemenges (17), einen Vibrationsrahmen (5), mit dem der Formeinsatz (4) kraft- und / oder formschlüssig verbunden ist, ein an dem Vibrationsrahmen (5) angebrachtes Vibrationserregersystem, mit dem der Vibrationsrahmen (5) in im wesentlichen harmonische Vibration versetzt wird, eine Auflastbaugruppe und ein Unterlagsbrett (7), welches während der Vibration von unten an den Formeinsatz (4) gepreßt wird, so daß Vibrationsrahmen (5), Formeinsatz (4), und Unterlagsbrett (7) einen temporären Vibrationsverband bilden und im wesentlichen die gleichen Schwingbewegungen ausführen.In Fig.1 is the basic structure of a device for shaping of mixtures, in particular for the production of concrete blocks shown, but without an auxiliary swing table. The device comprises a replaceable mold insert (4) for receiving the mixture to be compacted (17), a vibration frame (5) to which the mold insert (4) is non-positively and / or positively connected, a vibration exciter system attached to the vibration frame (5) with which the vibrating frame (5) is set in substantially harmonic vibration, an impact assembly and a backing board (7) which is pressed from below onto the mold insert (4) during vibration so that the vibrating frame (5), mold insert (4 ), and backing board (7) form a temporary vibration bandage and perform substantially the same swinging movements.

In den Vibrationsrahmen (5) ist der Formeinsatz (4) eingesetzt und mit diesem spielfrei und lösbar verbunden. Die Verbindung zwischen Formeinsatz (4) und Vibrationsrahmen (5) ist nur bei Produktwechsel und dem damit verbundenen Formeinsatzwechsel zu lösen und wieder herzustellen.In the vibration frame (5) of the mold insert (4) is inserted and connected to this play and releasably. The connection between the mold insert (4) and the vibrating frame (5) can only be released and restored if the product is changed and the mold insert changed.

Am Vibrationsrahmen (5) sind die Vibrationserreger im allgemeinen in spiegelsymmetrischer Anordnung zur Formmittenebene befestigt, wobei im einfachsten Fall ein Unwuchterregerpaar in Einfach-Wellenanordnung (11) genügt. Der Vibrationsrahmen (5) ist die Komponente, die die Vibrationen von der Vibrationsquelle - den Vibrationserregern - zum Formeinsatz (4) mit dem darin enthaltenen zu verdichtenden Gemenge (17) überträgt. Aus den schwingungstechnischen Erfordernissen heraus gewährleistet er die Steifigkeit des Schwingverbandes, bestehend aus Vibrationsrahmen (5) mit daran befestigten Vibrationserregern, dem Formeinsatz (4) sowie Unterlagsbrett (7) und Auflast (2).On the vibration frame (5), the vibration exciter are generally mounted in a mirror-symmetrical arrangement to the mold center plane, in the simplest case an unbalance exciter pair in single-shaft arrangement (11) is sufficient. The vibration frame (5) is the component that transmits the vibrations from the vibration source - the vibration exciters - to the mold insert (4) with the mixture (17) to be compacted therein. From the vibration engineering Requires out he ensures the rigidity of the vibrating bandage, consisting of vibration frame (5) with attached vibration exciters, the mold insert (4) and backing board (7) and ballast (2).

Der Vibrationsrahmen erfüllt damit die gleiche Funktion wie der Vibrationstisch und der Formrahmen einer technischen Lösung gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Aufgrund des kurzen Kraftweges und des kompakten Aufbaus ist die bewegte Masse der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung vorteilhafterweise deutlich geringer im Vergleich zu bekannten Lösungen wie beispielsweise in DE 20301954 . Damit verbunden ist eine deutliche Reduzierung der Erregerkräfte bei Erreichung gleichgroßen Beschleunigungsamplituden für die Formgebung und Verdichtung des Gemenges.The vibration frame thus fulfills the same function as the vibration table and the mold frame of a technical solution according to the prior art. Due to the short force path and the compact design, the moving mass of the solution according to the invention is advantageously significantly lower in comparison to known solutions such as in DE 20301954 , This is associated with a significant reduction of the excitation forces while achieving equal acceleration amplitudes for the shaping and compression of the batch.

Das Unterlagsbrett (7) wird nach seinem Transfer in die dargestellte Position mit der Bretthubbaugruppe, bestehend aus Bretthubzylinder (10), Bretthub (8) und Brettfedern (9) vor der Vibrationseinwirkung gegen den Formeinsatz (4) gedrückt. Die elastische Verbindung zwischen Unterlagsbrett (7) und Bretthub (8) über die Brettfedern (9) sichert zusammen mit einer ausreichenden von den Bretthubzylindern (10) aufzubringenden Anlagekraft die Beweglichkeit des Unterlagsbrettes (7) während der Vibration, ohne daß es vom Formeinsatz (4) abhebt. Es folgt während der Vibrationseinwirkung den Bewegungen des Formeinsatzes (4) und schließt die Formkammern nach unten ab.The backing board (7) is pressed after its transfer into the position shown with the Bretthubbaugruppe consisting of Bretthubzylinder (10), Bretthub (8) and board springs (9) against the vibration of the mold insert (4). The elastic connection between the backing board (7) and board stroke (8) via the board springs (9) together with a sufficient applied by the Bretthubzylindern (10) contact force ensures the mobility of the backing board (7) during the vibration without it from the mold insert (4 ) takes off. It follows during the vibration action of the movements of the mold insert (4) and closes the mold chambers down.

Die notwendigen Anpresskräfte für eine dauerhafte Anlage während der Vibration sind im Wesentlichen abhängig von der Masse des Unterlagsbrettes (7) und den Beschleunigungsamplituden am Unterlagsbrett (7). Unter der Annahme gleicher Vibrationseinwirkungen, d. h. Beschleunigungsamplituden am Unterlagsbrett (7) und dem Formeinsatz (4) als Schnittstelle zum zu verdichtenden Gemenge (17) besteht eine weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung darin, daß die erforderlichen Verspannkräfte zwischen schwingungserregenden und formgebenden Komponenten - d. h. entsprechend der Erfindung zwischen Vibrationsrahmen (5) mit Formeinsatz (4), Vibrationserreger sowie Unterlagsbrett (7) - wegen der wesentlich geringeren Masse des Unterlagsbrettes (7) im Vergleich zu den bekannten Massen der zu verspannenden Komponenten der in der Fachzeitschrift "Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik", Ausgabe 10/2007, S. 22 - 27 bzw. in DE 20301954 beschriebenen Lösungen sehr viel kleiner sind. Sie können durch die dargestellte Bretthubbaugruppe mit den Bretthubzylindern (10) ohne Probleme erzeugt werden. Die Brettfedern (9) haben auch gleichzeitig die Funktion der Schwingungsisolierung gegenüber der gestellfesten Umgebung.The necessary contact forces for a permanent contact during vibration are essentially dependent on the mass of the underlay board (7) and the acceleration amplitudes on the underlay board (7). Assuming equal vibration effects, ie acceleration amplitudes on the backing board (7) and the mold insert (4) as an interface to be compacted mixture (17), a further advantage of the invention is that the necessary clamping forces between vibrational and shaping components - ie according to the invention between vibrating frame (5) with mold insert (4), vibration exciter and base plate (7) - because of the much lower mass of the backing board (7) compared to the known masses of the components to be clamped in the Trade journal "Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik", issue 10/2007, p. 22 - 27 or in DE 20301954 described solutions are much smaller. They can be generated by the illustrated Bretthubbaugruppe with the Bretthubzylindern (10) without problems. The board springs (9) also have at the same time the function of vibration isolation relative to the frame-fixed environment.

In den einzelnen Formkammern des Formeinsatzes (4) wird vor Vibrationsbeginn das zu verdichtende Gemenge (17) eingefüllt. Danach senkt sich die Auflastbaugruppe, bestehend aus Auflasthubzylinder (1) und Auflast (2) ab, bis die Auflastplatten auf die Gemengeoberfläche drücken. Die Auflastfedern (3) sichern die Bewegung der Auflast (2) während der Vibrationseinwirkung sowie die Schwingungsisolierung zum Maschinengestell.In the individual mold chambers of the mold insert (4), the mixture to be compacted (17) is filled before the start of vibration. Thereafter, the on-load assembly consisting of lift lift cylinder (1) and load (2) lowers until the load plates hit the batch surface to press. The preloading springs (3) ensure the movement of the ballast (2) during the vibration and the vibration isolation to the machine frame.

Während der Entschalung verbleibt der Vibrationsrahmen (5) mit Formeinsatz (4) im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik in seiner Position, was vorteilhaft für Vibrationserreger und Füllwagen ist. Aufgrund der festen Position des Vibrationsrahmens (5) mit Formeinsatz (4) entfällt die Formhubeinrichtung aus dem Stand der Technik, die während der Entschalung relativ hohe Massen zu heben hatte. Die Entschalung erfolgt in der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung durch den Bretthub mit kleineren zu bewegenden Massen, wobei Auflastbewegung und Bretthub koordiniert ablaufen. Bei Erfordernis ist auch weiterhin eine Entschalung durch Formhub möglich, wobei dann das Unterlagsbrett (7) in seiner Position verbleiben kann.During the demoulding, the vibrating frame (5) with mold insert (4) remains in its position, unlike the prior art, which is advantageous for vibration exciter and filling car. Due to the fixed position of the vibration frame (5) with mold insert (4) eliminates the Formhubeinrichtung from the prior art, which had to lift during the demoulding relatively high masses. The demoulding takes place in the solution according to the invention by the board stroke with smaller masses to be moved, with ballast movement and Bretthub proceed in a coordinated manner. If required, a decoupling by Formhub is still possible, in which case the backing board (7) can remain in its position.

Fig. 2 zeigt Ausgestaltungsvarianten des Vibrationsrahmens (5) mit angebrachten Vibrationserregern und Formeinsatz (4). Das Vibrationserregersystem kann aus rotierenden Unwuchtsystemen bestehen, wobei diese paarweise an den Seiten angebracht sind und synchronisiert z. B. mit Hilfe einer elektronischen Steuerung laufen. Es sind paarweise angeordnete Unwuchtwellensysteme - Unwuchterregerpaare - mit Einfach-Wellenanordnung (11), mit Doppelwellenanordnung (12) und Vierfach-Wellenanordnung (13) sowie mit Verstellunwucht in Koaxial-Wellenanordnung (14) denkbar. Die Vibrationserzeugung kann ebenfalls mittels dynamisch arbeitender hydraulischer, pneumatischer, elektrischer oder piezoelektrischer Aktuatoren (15) erfolgen. Fig. 2 shows design variants of the vibration frame (5) with attached vibration exciters and mold insert (4). The vibration exciter system may consist of rotating unbalance systems, which are mounted in pairs on the sides and synchronized z. B. with the help of an electronic control. There are paired unbalanced wave systems - unbalance exciter pairs - conceivable with single shaft assembly (11), with double shaft assembly (12) and quadruple shaft assembly (13) and with Verstellunwucht in coaxial shaft assembly (14). The vibration generation can also be done by means of dynamically operating hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical or piezoelectric actuators (15).

Fig. 3 zeigt eine beispielhafte Lösung der Verbindung zwischen Vibrationsrahmen (5) und Formeinsatz (4). Diese spielfreie Verbindung kann mechanisch mittels Verschraubung oder mittels keilförmig ausgebildeter Klemmelemente (16), wie einer Klemmplatte erfolgen, wobei auch hydraulische Aktuatoren Anwendung finden können. Fig. 3 shows an exemplary solution of the connection between the vibration frame (5) and mold insert (4). This play-free connection can be done mechanically by means of screwing or by means of wedge-shaped clamping elements (16), such as a clamping plate, whereby hydraulic actuators can also be used.

Fig. 4 zeigt die erfindungsgemäβe Vorrichtung schließlich mit dem Hilfsschwingtisch. Zwischen Bretthub (8) und Unterlagsbrett (7) ist ein Hilfsschwingtisch (19) dargestellt. Der Hilfsschwingtisch (19) besitzt ein Hilfsvibrationserregersystem (20), das der koordinierten Bewegung des Unterlagsbrettes (7) relativ zur Bewegung des Vibrationsrahmens (5) mit Formeinsatzes (4) dient. Über eine Steuerung (21) sind beide Bewegungen so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß das Unterlagsbrett (7) während der Vibrationseinwirkung immer an der Unterseite des Formeinsatzes (4) anliegt und gleichzeitig die dafür erforderlichen Andruckkräfte minimiert werden. Fig. 4 finally shows the device according to the invention with the auxiliary vibrating table. Between Bretthub (8) and base board (7) an auxiliary swing table (19) is shown. The auxiliary swing table (19) has an auxiliary vibration exciter system (20) which serves to coordinate the movement of the base board (7) relative to the movement of the vibration frame (5) with mold insert (4). A control (21) both movements are coordinated so that the backing board (7) during the vibration always on the bottom of the mold insert (4) is applied and at the same time the required pressure forces are minimized.

Aufgrund der unmittelbaren Verbindung der Vibrationserreger mit dem Vibrationsrahmen (5) und den darin eingesetzten und befestigten Formeinsatz (4) wird ein kürzestmöglicher Weg zwischen der Vibrationserregerquelle und dem zu verdichtenden Betongemenge (17) im Formeinsatz (4) unter Beachtung einer ausreichenden Biegesteifigkeit und der Möglichkeit des Formeinsatzwechsels bei Produktwechsel erreicht. Damit verbunden ist eine deutliche Reduzierung der bewegten Massen. Die geringeren Massen, die in Vibrationen zu versetzen sind haben zur Folge, daß bei gleichen zu erreichenden Werten der Bewegungsgrößen für eine ausreichende Formgebung und Verdichtung geringere Erregerkräfte erforderlich sind, was den Wirkungsgrad der Vorrichtung erhöht.Due to the direct connection of the vibration exciter with the vibration frame (5) and the mold insert (4) inserted and fixed therein, a shortest possible path between the vibration excitation source and the concrete amount to be compacted (17) in the mold insert (4), taking into account a sufficient flexural rigidity and the possibility of the mold insert change achieved at product change. This is associated with a significant reduction of the moving masses. The lower masses which are to be put into vibration have the consequence that with the same values of the motion variables to be achieved for sufficient shaping and compression, lower excitation forces are required, which increases the efficiency of the device.

Die technische Lösung der Verspannung wurde aufgrund der geringeren erforderlichen Verspannkräfte wesentlich einfacher gestaltet.The technical solution of the tension was made much easier due to the lower clamping forces required.

Mit den insgesamt geringeren bewegten Massen und den deutlich geringeren Verspannkräften können geringere Taktzeiten erreicht werden, weil beispielsweise für hydraulische Aktoren kleinere Baugrößen mit geringerem Schluckvolumen anwendbar sind, die bei gleichem Hydraulik-Volumenstrom die Stellwege schneller durchfahren.With the overall lower moving masses and the significantly lower clamping forces lower cycle times can be achieved because, for example, smaller sizes with lower displacement are applicable for hydraulic actuators that pass through the travel paths faster with the same hydraulic volume flow.

Die Vorteile der Lärmreduzierung bei der Anwendung der harmonischen Vibration sind bereits in den beschriebenen Lösungen zum Stand der Technik bekannt geworden. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist eine weitere Reduzierung möglich, weil sich mit der Verringerung der bewegten Massen auch die wirksame Abstrahlfläche für den Lärm reduziert.The advantages of noise reduction in the application of harmonic vibration have already become known in the prior art solutions described. With the solution according to the invention, a further reduction is possible, because with the reduction of the moving masses also reduces the effective radiation surface for the noise.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
AuflasthubzylinderAuflasthubzylinder
22
Auflastballasted
33
AuflastfederAuflastfeder
44
Formeinsatzmold insert
55
VibrationsrahmenBed frame
66
VibrationsrahmenfederBed frame spring
77
Unterlagsbrettsupport board
88th
BretthubBretthub
99
BrettfederBrett spring
1010
BretthubzylinderBretthubzylinder
1111
Unwuchterregerpaar in Einfach-WellenanordnungUnbalance exciter pair in single-shaft arrangement
1212
Unwuchterregerpaar in DoppelwellenanordnungUnbalance exciter pair in double shaft arrangement
1313
Unwuchterregerpaar in Vier-WellenanordnungUnbalance exciter pair in four-shaft arrangement
1414
Unwuchterregerpaar mit Verstellunwucht in Koaxial-WellenanordnungUnbalance exciter pair with adjustment imbalance in coaxial shaft arrangement
1515
Aktuatoractuator
1616
Klemmelementclamping element
1717
zu verdichtendes Gemengeto be compacted mixture
1818
Maschinenrahmenmachine frame
1919
HilfsschwingtischAuxiliary vibrating table
2020
HilfsvibrationserregersystemAuxiliary vibration excitation system
2121
Steuerungcontrol

Claims (12)

  1. Device used for shape forming and compacting of mixtures, especially concrete mixtures of a of stiff to very stiff consistency used for the production of concrete blocks and concrete goods with instant demoulding and application of mainly harmonic vibrations, including
    - an exchangeable form cartridge (4), which contains the mixture (17) to be compacted,
    - a vibrating frame (5), to which the form cartridge (4) is connected by force closure and / or form closure,
    - a vibration exiting system connected to the vibrating frame (5), by which the vibrating frame (5) is exited using mainly harmonic vibrations, and which is designed to act via the vibrating frame (5) directly onto the form cartridge (4),
    - a surcharge subunit
    - a formwork board (7), which is pressed by a contact force to the form cartridge (4) from below during the vibration,
    - devices used to regulate the contact force, and
    - board rising unit, which incorporates one or multiple board rising cylinders (10) and a board riser (8)
    - characterized in that the formwork board (7) is linked to the board riser (8) elastically by board springs (9) and the devices used to regulate the contact force are set up in a way, that during the vibration the formwork board (7) is pressed to the form cartridge (4) by a contact force brought up by board rising cylinders (10) causing (i) the forming chambers within the form cartridge (4) to be closed on the downside and eliminating any relative movement between form cartridge (4) and formwork board (7), and (ii) ensuring that vibrating frame (5), form cartridge (4) and formwork board (7) carry out a synchronous harmonic oscillation as a temporary vibration unit without clamping while the board rising unit remains in a fixed position relatively to the frame, as well as
    - wherein an auxiliary swinging table (19) with an auxiliary vibration exiting system (20) is installed between board riser (8) and formwork board (7), by which additional vibrations are brought into the mixture (17), which are coordinated with the vibrations in the vibrating frame (5) by a control (21) to minimize the contact force.
  2. Device means as set forth in Claim 1, characterized by the vibrating frame (5) being elastically connected to the machine frame (18) in a fixed position by a vibrating frame spring (6) and being able to oscillate freely under influence of vibration as a part of the temporary vibration unit.
  3. Device means as set forth in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the surcharge subunit incorporates a surcharge (2), a surcharge rising cylinder (1) and one or multiple surcharge springs(3), in which the surcharge rising cylinder (1) is connected to the machine frame (18) in a fixed position, in which the surcharge (2) is elastically connected to the part of the surcharge subunit with a fixed position relatively to the frame by surcharge springs (3) and in which the surcharge rising cylinder (1) is designed to press the surcharge (2) to the surface of the compacted mixture (17) by a force to such an extent, that during vibration (i) no lift off of the surcharge (2) from the surface of the compacted mixture (17) occurs and (ii) due to the elastic fixation by the surcharge springs(3) the surcharge (2) follows the movement of the surface of the compacted mixture (17) .
  4. Device means as set forth in claim 1 to 3, characterized by the form cartridge (4) being connected to the vibrating frame (5) free of play by wedge-shaped clamping elements (16).
  5. Device means as set forth in claim 1 to 4, characterized by the vibration exiting system consisting of a pair of unbalance exciters in single shaft arrangement (11), which possesses two vibrating unbalance exciters or rotationally stiffly coupled unbalance exciter trains with parallel rotation axes and which are counterrotating with the same rotational speed and a symmetric phase position with reference to the vertical center plane of the form.
  6. Device means as set forth in claim 1 to 4, characterized by the vibration exiting system consisting of a pair of unbalance exciters in double shaft arrangement (12) or a pair of unbalance exciters in quadruple shaft arrangement (13), which possesses four respectively eight vibrating unbalance exciters or rotationally stiffly coupled unbalance exciter trains with parallel rotation axes and which are counterrotating pairwise with the same rotational speed and a symmetric phase position with reference to the vertical center plane of the form.
  7. Device means as set forth in claim 1 to 4, characterized by the vibration exiting system consisting of a pair of unbalance exciters with adjustable unbalance in coaxial shaft arrangement (14), which possesses two, four or eight vibrating unbalance exciters or rotationally stiffly coupled unbalance exciter trains with parallel rotation axes and which are counterrotating pairwise with the same rotational speed and a symmetric phase position with reference to the vertical center plane of the form, in which on each shaft axis two around their common rotational axis between 0° and 180° with respect to each other twistable unbalanced masses with an own driving motor for each are positioned in a way that their centers of mass are positioned in a plane which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
  8. Device means as set forth in claim 1 to 4, characterized by the vibration exiting system including one or multiple hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or piezoelectric actuators used as vibration exciters, which are anchored on one side in a fixed position relatively to the frame and which on the other side are connected to the vibrating frame (5) and are setting the vibrating frame (5) into vibrations.
  9. Device means as set forth in claim 1 to 8, wherein the displacement of the board rising unit during the rising movement is at least as large as the height of the finished compacted and demoulded product.
  10. Device means as set forth in claim 1 to 9, wherein the displacement of the vibrating frame (5) and the form cartridge (4) during the rising movement is at least as large as the height of the finished compacted and demoulded product.
  11. Processes used for shape forming and compacting of mixtures , especially concrete mixtures of a of stiff to very stiff consistency used for the production of concrete blocks and concrete goods with instant demoulding and application of mainly harmonic vibrations, using a device as set forth in claim 1 to 10, wherein
    - an exchangeable form cartridge (4) contains the mixture (17) to be compacted,
    - a form cartridge (4) is connected by force closure and / or form closure to the vibrating frame (5),
    - the vibrating frame (5) is exited by an vibration exiting system connected to the vibrating frame (5) using mainly harmonic vibrations, and the vibration exiting system is designed to act via the vibrating frame (5) directly onto the form cartridge (4),
    - a surcharge subunit is closing the form cartridge (4) during vibration
    - a formwork board (7) is pressed by a contact force to the form cartridge (4) from below during the vibration,
    - the contact force is adjusted in a way that during the vibration vibrating frame (5), form cartridge (4) and the formwork board (7) carry out a synchronous harmonic oscillation as a temporary vibration unit without clamping
    - a contact force superimposed by board rising cylinders (10) which in combination with a board riser (8) form the board rising unit of the device, wherein the formwork board (7) is connected elastically to the board riser (8) by board springs (9), presses the formwork board (7) during the vibration to the form cartridge (4) in a way, that (i) the forming chambers within the form cartridge (4) are closed on the downside and any relative movement between form cartridge (4) and formwork board (7) is eliminated, and (ii) it is ensured, that form cartridge (4) and formwork board (7) carry out a synchronous movement while the board rising unit remains in a fixed position relatively to the frame.
    - the movement of the formwork board (7) relatively to the movement of the vibrating frame (5) with form cartridge (4) is coordinated by an auxiliary vibration exiting system (20) fixed to an auxiliary swinging table (19), in which both movements are tuned by a control (21) in a way that minimizes the contact force used to press the formwork board (7) to the lower side of the form cartridge (4).
  12. Processes means as set forth in claim 11, characterized by the surcharge subunit incorporating a surcharge (2), a surcharge cylinder (1) and one or multiple surcharge springs (3), in which the surcharge rising cylinder (1) is connected to the machine frame (18) in a fixed position, and in which the surcharge (2) is connected elastically to the part of the surcharge subunit which remains in a fixed position relatively to the frame by surcharge springs (3) and in which the surcharge rising cylinder (1) is designed to press the surcharge (2) during vibration to the surface of the compacted mixture (17) by a force to such an extent, that (i) no lift off of the surcharge (2) from the surface of the compacted mixture (17) occurs and (ii) due to the elastic fixation by the surcharge springs (3) the surcharge (2) follows the movement of the surface of the compacted mixture (17).
EP09715186.4A 2008-02-26 2009-02-25 Concrete block finisher, having harmonic vibration by means of shape excitation and method for shaping and compacting concrete mixtures Active EP2257415B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09715186T PL2257415T3 (en) 2008-02-26 2009-02-25 Concrete block finisher, having harmonic vibration by means of shape excitation and method for shaping and compacting concrete mixtures

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008011272A DE102008011272A1 (en) 2008-02-26 2008-02-26 Concrete paver with harmonic vibration due to shape excitation
PCT/EP2009/001317 WO2009106297A2 (en) 2008-02-26 2009-02-25 Concrete block finisher, having harmonic vibration by means of shape excitation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2257415A2 EP2257415A2 (en) 2010-12-08
EP2257415B1 true EP2257415B1 (en) 2013-04-10

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EP (1) EP2257415B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102008011272A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2257415T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2257415T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2009106297A2 (en)

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CN103612319B (en) * 2013-10-21 2016-03-09 刘亦宽 Chained block forming machine
CN103722606A (en) * 2014-01-17 2014-04-16 葛恒闯 Mold box vibrating type masonry block molding device
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CN112078090B (en) * 2020-09-03 2022-06-24 临朐县大地汽车零部件有限公司 Universal engineering plastic injection molding demolding method
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009106297A2 (en) 2009-09-03
DE102008011272A1 (en) 2009-08-27
WO2009106297A3 (en) 2009-11-05
PL2257415T3 (en) 2013-09-30
DK2257415T3 (en) 2013-07-01
EP2257415A2 (en) 2010-12-08

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