EP1965924B1 - Centrifuge for cleaning a liquid - Google Patents
Centrifuge for cleaning a liquid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1965924B1 EP1965924B1 EP06818613A EP06818613A EP1965924B1 EP 1965924 B1 EP1965924 B1 EP 1965924B1 EP 06818613 A EP06818613 A EP 06818613A EP 06818613 A EP06818613 A EP 06818613A EP 1965924 B1 EP1965924 B1 EP 1965924B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- support
- rotor
- centrifuge
- bearing
- inner part
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
- B04B5/005—Centrifugal separators or filters for fluid circulation systems, e.g. for lubricant oil circulation systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
- B04B9/12—Suspending rotary bowls ; Bearings; Packings for bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/10—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters
- F01M2001/1028—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters characterised by the type of purification
- F01M2001/1035—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters characterised by the type of purification comprising centrifugal filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a centrifuge for cleaning a liquid, in particular the lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine, with a housing, with at least one housing-side bearing means and rotatably mounted thereon a rotor which is formed at least in two parts and serving for storage of the inner part and a dirt collection in a dirt collecting portion serving as a dirt collecting portion, wherein for the purpose of maintenance of the centrifuge, the dust collecting part is detachable from the inner part, wherein the / each housing side bearing means is a part of a first bearing material and one or more first sliding bearing surfaces, wherein the inner part is an integral part of a second Lagerwerstoff is and has one or more second sliding bearing surfaces.
- a centrifuge is known from US-A 2750107.
- Centrifuges of the aforementioned type have been known in principle for many decades and are used in various applications, an application being the cleaning of the lubricating oil of internal combustion engines. Especially in this and in many other applications, the centrifuge is a machine component that is both possible to produce inexpensive and on the other hand should have a good efficiency with high durability.
- the rotor of the centrifuge is mounted by means of two such bearings on the housing-side bearing means. If a bearing is designed as a sliding bearing, at least one separately manufactured bearing sleeve must be installed in the centrifuge, this bearing sleeve either on the housing side bearing means or in the rotor installed, for example, up or pressed must be.
- two slide bearing sleeves are to be installed, in which case a first slide bearing sleeve is then applied to the housing-side bearing means and a second slide bearing sleeve is to be installed in the rotor.
- the two plain bearing sleeves then together form the plain bearing. Since usually two plain bearings are used, in extreme cases, a total of four bearing sleeves must be manufactured separately and then mounted. If rolling bearings are used as an alternative, they must also be manufactured and installed separately. Obviously arises here by the parts that are needed to form the camp, a relatively high manufacturing and assembly costs, which has a noticeable effect on the manufacturing cost of the centrifuge.
- the document EP-B-066 994 discloses a centrifuge rotor which is made of plastic welded together, inseparable parts to completely burn the rotor after its use can. With regard to the bearing of the rotor sliding surfaces are formed directly in the upper part and lower part of the plastic rotor. Thus, the one-piece rotor without bearing bushes directly on the housing side bearing means to form two plain bearings can be stored. A concrete embodiment of the housing-side storage means is not shown.
- the centrifuge according to the invention in the housing a projecting into the inner part or the inner part passing through axis is arranged, which forms the housing-side bearing means, and that the inner part comprises a central tubular body which surrounds the axis.
- the rotor is rotatably mounted directly on the axis, in other words without the interposition of plain bearing sleeves or bearings or other separate bearing components. Slide bearing sleeves or roller bearings or the like separate bearing components are no longer needed in the centrifuge according to the invention for the storage of the rotor.
- the number of processing steps for the production of fits remains the same and so there is no in this respect higher processing costs; but it eliminates all costs and assembly steps for the installation of separate plain bearings or bearings or the like separate bearing components.
- the solution according to the invention advantageously the tolerance chains are smaller, resulting in particular to an improved balancing and thus to a higher rotational speed of the centrifuge with the same drive power.
- the dirt trap part is connected to the inner part of the rotor and the dirt trap part for disposal or cleaning of the inner part while retaining the inner part on the housing side storage means separable.
- the dirt trap part can be removed together with the dirt collected therein during maintenance of the centrifuge from the housing and replaced by a fresh dirt trap part, while the inner part remains permanently in the centrifuge.
- the storage of the rotor is thus charged in the maintenance process in any way or exposed to a risk of contamination.
- the use of a more expensive material for the inner part is justified because it is not replaced during maintenance of the centrifuge, but remains permanently in the centrifuge.
- the inner part of the rotor is designed as a drive part with at least one radially outwardly pointing nozzle arm with at least one recoil nozzle.
- the inner part is expediently a life-time component of the centrifuge, which for this reason is already made of a suitably durable material in order to ensure the necessary durability.
- the dirt-catching part of the rotor is designed as a drive part with at least one recoil nozzle.
- the inner part is expediently a lifetime component of the centrifuge, which also here the advantages stated in the preceding paragraph can be achieved.
- new replacement nozzles are used with each replacement of the dirt trap part.
- the inner part is expediently a casting-produced part of the second bearing material.
- the axis forming the housing-side bearing means is a turning or turning-milling part of the first bearing material.
- the axis can thus be completely manufactured and processed in automatic processing machines, which allows a more cost-effective production in large quantities.
- the housing-side bearing means forming the axis on its outer circumference and on the other hand, the central tubular body are surface-treated on its inner circumference in at least one area to at least one immediate mutual bearing fit.
- the bearing of the rotor on the housing side bearing means for.
- the axis instead, with the number and the arrangement of the areas of direct mutual bearing fit according to the boundary conditions of the particular application of the centrifuge, such.
- mass of the rotor and / or externally acting on the centrifuge mechanical loads, such as vibrations of an internal combustion engine or shocks from a moving vehicle.
- two axially spaced apart from each other in the rotor areas of immediate mutual bearing fit are provided and that in other areas of the outer periphery of the housing-side bearing means forming the axis and the inner circumference of the central tubular body have radial distance from each other.
- the areas of direct mutual bearing fit are expediently carried out so that they are on the one hand as large as necessary to ensure adequate durability, and on the other hand, they are as small as possible to keep the processing costs low and the smoothest possible mounting of the rotor to achieve.
- a first region of the immediate mutual bearing fit is also provided at or near a first axial end of the rotor and a second region of the immediate mutual bearing fit is provided at or near a second axial end of the rotor.
- the greatest possible distance of the areas of the immediate mutual bearing fit ensures a relatively low Load of the individual storage areas under given external conditions, which contributes to a good durability of the centrifuge.
- bearing materials are metallic materials or plastic materials or plastic-metal composites.
- a more concrete selection of materials in this respect preferably provides that the first bearing material is a steel and that the second bearing material is an over- or hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy or a bronze or a bronze alloy.
- the housing-side bearing means is then expediently made of steel and can be made inexpensively from a semi-finished by machining.
- the aluminum-silicon alloy or bronze or bronze alloy can be processed conveniently in die casting and is therefore expediently used for a casting production of the rotor or its inner part or its central tubular body.
- the plastic-metal composite materials are plastics with metal particles embedded therein. These composites combine light weight with good storage properties and good durability.
- the housing-side bearing means and the inner part of the rotor have cooperating bearing means for axial bearing of the rotor on the bearing means.
- the bearing means for axial bearing of the rotor include an axial forces receiving rolling bearing.
- this roller bearing must be installed separately, but ensures a particularly low-friction and durable axial bearing of the rotor.
- the rolling bearing is not required.
- the bearing means for axial bearing of the rotor by at least one radially outwardly facing step on the bearing means and / or by at least one connected to the bearing means, a radially outwardly facing collar bearing bearing end piece are formed.
- both the pivot bearing and the thrust bearing carried only sliding, for which simple and inexpensive elements are used.
- the dirt-trapping part of the rotor preferably consists partly or entirely of plastic.
- plastic for the dirt trap part of the rotor leads to a lower overall weight of the rotor and also allows an advantageous easy disposal of dirt-loaded part after maintenance of the centrifuge, because with a suitable selection of the plastic, the waste collection part is completely thermally recoverable.
- the housing-side bearing means is hollow over at least part of its axial length and that in the channel thus formed in the interior of the housing-side bearing means a minimum pressure valve is arranged, which releases a liquid flow through the centrifuge only when a minimum liquid pressure is exceeded.
- the minimum pressure valve is space-saving in a easily loadable with a higher fluid pressure part of the centrifuge, namely housed in the housing side, stable storage means.
- the first embodiment of a centrifuge 1 shown here has a housing 11 which has a hollow cylindrical basic shape. At the top, the housing 11 is closed by a removable screw 15. Inside the housing 11, a housing part 11 'is arranged, inserted here, which divides the interior of the housing 11 into a lower and an upper region.
- a rotor 10 of the centrifuge 1 is arranged and mounted rotatably on a housing-side bearing means 12 in the form of an axis pointing upwards from the housing part 11 '.
- the axle 12 is connected at its lower end to the housing part 11 ', bolted here.
- On the axis 12 of the rotor about an axis of rotation 19 is rotatable.
- the upper end of the axle 12 is formed by an upper Achsend consultancy 12 'which is bolted to the remaining axis 12 and which in turn is centered with its upper end in a centering recess 16 on the underside of the lid 15 centering.
- an upper Achsend consultancy 12 which is bolted to the remaining axis 12 and which in turn is centered with its upper end in a centering recess 16 on the underside of the lid 15 centering.
- a freely upwardly projecting axis 12 can be used, which experiences no centering support on the lid 15.
- the rotor 10 of the centrifuge 1 here consists of two parts, namely an inner part 2 and a waste collecting part 3.
- the inner part 2 consists essentially of a central tubular body 20 which is arranged concentrically to the axis 12 and surrounds it. From a lower region of the tubular body 20, two nozzle arms 21 extend in the radial direction obliquely outwards and downwards, opposite one another. At the radially outer end of each nozzle arm 21, a respective recoil nozzle 22 for driving the rotor 10 is arranged by means of a liquid flow. Thus, here forms the inner part 2 of the rotor 10 whose drive part.
- the dirt trap part 3 is mounted in the axial direction from above on the inner part 2 and connected thereto via provided at the upper end of the rotor 10 connecting means 32 so that an automatic relative movement in Axial direction between the dirt trap part 3 and the inner part 2 is excluded.
- the inner part 2 and the dust collecting part 3 of the rotor 10 are designed so that any movement of the inner part 2 is compulsorily miter in the circumferential direction of the waste collecting part 3, which serve not shown here in detail torque transmitting means.
- the rotor 10 by means of its inner part 2 directly, d. H. in particular without interposition of plain bearing sleeves and / or roller bearings, mounted on the housing-side bearing means forming the axis 12. Slide bearing sleeves or roller bearings are no longer needed here and therefore do not need to be installed in the centrifuge 1 during their production.
- the storage takes place here in two areas 24 and 25.
- the first area 24 is located near the lower axial end of the rotor 10, where the outer circumference of the axis 12 and the inner circumference of the tubular body 20 of the inner part 2 are each surface-finished to an immediate bearing fit.
- a second region 25 is located near the axially upper end of the rotor 10, where also the outer periphery of the axis 12 and the inner periphery of the tubular body 20 are surface-finished to an immediate bearing fit.
- the outer circumference of the axle 12 has a first sliding bearing surface 17 and the inner circumference of the tubular body 20 has a directly matching second sliding bearing surface 27
- the axis 12 and on the other hand the central tube body 20 or the inner part 2 are made of suitable materials, e.g. on the one hand a first metal or a first metallic alloy and on the other hand of a second metal or a second metallic alloy, which form mutually bearing-compatible plain bearing material pairings.
- the axis 12 is hollow and forms a channel 13 extending in the axial direction.
- a minimum pressure valve 4 is arranged, which is of a known type and which releases a liquid flow through the centrifuge 1 until a sufficient minimum liquid pressure is reached or exceeded.
- the housing 11 In the lower region of the housing 11 below the housing part 11 'may be arranged, for example, a filter cartridge.
- the housing 11 may also be designed so that it receives only the centrifuge 1.
- the rotor 10 is rotatably mounted directly on the axis 12, ie without interposition of plain bearing sleeves and / or bearings. Due to the suitable materials used results in a smooth and durable bearing of the rotor 10 on the axis 12 even without such plain bearing sleeves or bearings.
- a first axial bearing means consists of a radially outwardly projecting collar 18 on the Achsend Georgia 12 '.
- the underside of the collar 18 forms a contact surface on which the inner part 2 applies in an axial movement upward.
- a second axial bearing means is formed by a radially outwardly projecting step 18 'in the lower end portion of the axle 12. This step 18 'forms a contact surface for the lower end face of the inner part 2 and the central tubular body 20, whereby the axial mobility is limited downwards.
- a liquid flow passes from below in the axial direction upwards into the channel 13 in the axis 12 to the minimum pressure valve 4. If a sufficiently high fluid pressure, opens the minimum pressure valve 4 and a first partial flow of the liquid passes through radial openings 14 in the lower region of the axis 12 in the two nozzle arms 21 and through them to the two recoil nozzles 22. In this way, the rotor 10, consisting of the inner part 2 and the waste collecting part 3, set in rotation.
- a second partial flow of the liquid flows through the annular gap between the outer circumference of the axis 12 and the inner circumference of the central tubular body 20 in the axial direction upwards and through the upper bearing fitting region 25.
- the Lagerpassungs Scheme 25 forms a throttle point for this second liquid stream.
- this second liquid flow flows through radial openings 23 near the upper end of the central tubular body 20 in the radial direction from the inside out into the interior of the waste collecting part 3, which forms a dirt collecting area 30. Radially inside and down, the cleaned liquid partial flow leaves the waste collecting part 3 and flows together with the emerging from the nozzle 22 liquid partial flow without pressure.
- the lid 15 is unscrewed and removed.
- the lid 15 By actuating two gripping and actuating elements 33 at the top of the top wall 31 of the waste collecting part 3, the latter can be detached from the inner part 2 and pulled off the inner part 2 in the axial direction upwards. Thereafter, a cleaned or new dirt trap part 3 can be plugged in the reverse direction on the inner part 2 and connected to this in the circumferential direction against rotation and releasably connected in the axial direction.
- the centrifuge 1 is ready for use again.
- Serving as a drive part inner part 2 remains as a service life component usually in the centrifuge 1 and must not be removed from the centrifuge 1 for the change of the dust collecting part 3. If necessary, but after removal of the upper Achsend Cultures 12 'and the inner part 2 can be removed and replaced by a new inner part 2, if this should unexpectedly be necessary.
- the axis 12 on the one hand and the inner part 2 on the other hand consist of materials, such as metallic materials or composites, which form mutually bearing-compatible plain bearing material pairings. All other parts of the centrifuge 1 that are not involved in the storage can be made of other materials, regardless of their suitability for storage.
- the other material may for example be plastic, which means a low Weight and ease of manufacture can be achieved.
- the dirt trap part 3 can then be utilized thermally in its design made of plastic with a suitable choice of material together with the dirt deposited therein, without leaving metallic individual parts.
- FIG. 2 The drawing shows as a second embodiment also in longitudinal section a centrifuge 1, in which the rotor 3 again an inner part 2 and a dirt trap part 3, which is detachably connected to the inner part 2, comprises.
- the centrifuge 1 is housed in a housing 11 with screw cap 15, in which case the housing 11 receives only the centrifuge 1.
- the dirt trap part 3 now has two recoil nozzles 22, of which in the sectional view according to FIG. 2 only one is visible.
- the dirt trap part 3 here forms the drive part of the rotor 10.
- the inner part 2 of the rotor 10 serves here for the mounting of the rotor 10 and the detachable mounting of the waste collecting part 3.
- the inner part 2 is here formed by a central tubular body 20, which in each case has a sliding bearing surface 27 at its inner circumference in the lower region and near its upper end.
- the inner part 2 directly, ie without interposition of bearing sleeves or Rolling bearings, mounted on the axis 12.
- An axial bearing of the inner part 2 is carried down by a radially outwardly projecting step 18 in the lower part of the axis 12. Axial upward, the mobility of the inner part 2 by a radially outwardly projecting collar 18 at one in the upper end of the axis 12 screwed Achsend Published 12 'limited.
- FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment, another centrifuge 1, again in a longitudinal section.
- the axis 12 In the center of FIG. 3 is the axis 12 with the mounted thereon central tubular body 20 of the inner part 2 of the rotor recognizable. Left and right of the tubular body 20 of this plugged on this dirt catching part 3 of the rotor 10 is visible.
- FIG. 3 Top in FIG. 3 the central part of the cover 15 can be seen, in which an axle centering insert 12 "is held centering in a downwardly open catch 16.
- the axle centering insert 12" engages centrally in the upper end region of the axle 12 with the cover 15 attached.
- an axial roller bearing 18 '' which is mounted with its inner ring on the Achszentriermon 12 "In the operation of the centrifuge 1 of the inner part 2 runs with his in FIG. 3 below the lower end the outer ring of the axial roller bearing 18 '' lying, upwardly facing end face to the outer ring of the axial bearing 18 '' at.
- the axial forces are absorbed by the roller bearing 18 "with a very low friction, whereby the axial start of the inner part 2 upwards against the roller bearing ⁇ 18 '' does not lead to a significant braking of the rotor.
- the pivotal mounting of the inner part 2 is also done here via the slide bearing previously described without the use of separate plain bearing sleeves or the like components.
- a lower bearing fitting region 24 and an upper bearing fitting region 25 are also provided here.
Landscapes
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zentrifuge zum Reinigen einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere des Schmieröls einer Brennkraftmaschine, mit einem Gehäuse, mit mindestens einem gehäuseseitigen Lagermittel und mit einem daran drehbar gelagerten Rotor, der mindestens zweiteilig ausgebildet ist und einen der Lagerung dienenden Innenteil und einen der Schmutzsammlung in einem Schmutzsammelbereich dienenden Schmutzfangteil umfaßt, wobei zwecks Wartung der Zentrifuge der Schmutzfangteil von dem Innenteil abnehmbar ist, wobei das/jedes gehäuseseitige Lagermittel ein Teil aus einem ersten Lagerwerkstoff ist und eine oder mehrere erste Gleitlagerflächen aufweist, wobei der innenteil ein einstückiges Teil aus einem zweiten Lagerwerstoff ist und eine oder mehrere zweite Gleitlagerflächen aufweist. Eine solche Zentrifuge ist aus US-A 2750107 bekannt.The present invention relates to a centrifuge for cleaning a liquid, in particular the lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine, with a housing, with at least one housing-side bearing means and rotatably mounted thereon a rotor which is formed at least in two parts and serving for storage of the inner part and a dirt collection in a dirt collecting portion serving as a dirt collecting portion, wherein for the purpose of maintenance of the centrifuge, the dust collecting part is detachable from the inner part, wherein the / each housing side bearing means is a part of a first bearing material and one or more first sliding bearing surfaces, wherein the inner part is an integral part of a second Lagerwerstoff is and has one or more second sliding bearing surfaces. Such a centrifuge is known from US-A 2750107.
Zentrifugen der vorstehend genannten Art sind seit vielen Jahrzehnten grundsätzlich bekannt und stehen in verschiedenen Anwendungen im Einsatz, wobei eine Anwendung die Reinigung des Schmieröls von Brennkraftmaschinen ist. Besonders in dieser und auch in vielen anderen Anwendungen stellt die Zentrifuge eine Maschinenkomponente dar, die einerseits möglich kostengünstig herstellbar sein soll und die andererseits einen guten Wirkungsgrad bei hoher Dauerhaltbarkeit aufweisen soll.Centrifuges of the aforementioned type have been known in principle for many decades and are used in various applications, an application being the cleaning of the lubricating oil of internal combustion engines. Especially in this and in many other applications, the centrifuge is a machine component that is both possible to produce inexpensive and on the other hand should have a good efficiency with high durability.
Zur Erzielung eines guten Wirkungsgrades ist eine möglichst leichtgängige Lagerung des Rotors wesentlich, wozu bei den bekannten Zentrifugen entweder Gleitlager oder Wälzlager oder Kombinationen daraus verwendet werden. Dabei wird meistens der Rotor der Zentrifuge mittels zweier derartiger Lager an dem gehäuseseitigen Lagermittel gelagert. Wenn ein Lager als Gleitlager ausgestaltet ist, muß bisher mindestens eine separat zu fertigende Lagerhülse in die Zentrifuge eingebaut werden, wobei diese Lagerhülse entweder auf das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel oder in den Rotor eingebaut, beispielsweise auf- oder eingepreßt, werden muß. Bei manchen Gleitlagerkonstruktionen sind auch zwei Gleitlagerhülsen einzubauen, wobei dann eine erste Gleitlagerhülse auf das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel aufzubringen und eine zweite Gleitlagerhülse in den Rotor einzubauen ist. Die beiden Gleitlagerhülsen bilden dann zusammen das Gleitlager. Da üblicherweise zwei Gleitlager verwendet werden, müssen im Extremfall also insgesamt vier Lagerhülsen separat gefertigt und dann montiert werden. Wenn alternativ Wälzlager eingesetzt werden, müssen diese ebenfalls separat gefertigt und eingebaut werden. Ersichtlich entsteht hier durch die Teile, die zur Bildung der Lager benötigt werden, ein relativ hoher Herstellungs- und Montageaufwand, der sich auf die Fertigungskosten der Zentrifuge insgesamt merklich auswirkt.To achieve a good efficiency as smooth as possible storage of the rotor is essential, which are used in the known centrifuges either plain bearings or bearings or combinations thereof. there Usually, the rotor of the centrifuge is mounted by means of two such bearings on the housing-side bearing means. If a bearing is designed as a sliding bearing, at least one separately manufactured bearing sleeve must be installed in the centrifuge, this bearing sleeve either on the housing side bearing means or in the rotor installed, for example, up or pressed must be. In some slide bearing constructions, two slide bearing sleeves are to be installed, in which case a first slide bearing sleeve is then applied to the housing-side bearing means and a second slide bearing sleeve is to be installed in the rotor. The two plain bearing sleeves then together form the plain bearing. Since usually two plain bearings are used, in extreme cases, a total of four bearing sleeves must be manufactured separately and then mounted. If rolling bearings are used as an alternative, they must also be manufactured and installed separately. Obviously arises here by the parts that are needed to form the camp, a relatively high manufacturing and assembly costs, which has a noticeable effect on the manufacturing cost of the centrifuge.
Das Dokument
Für die vorliegende Erfindung stellt sich deshalb die Aufgabe, eine Zentrifuge der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die die vorstehend dargelegten Nachteile vermeidet und die mit einem geringeren Fertigungs- und Montageaufwand herstellbar ist, wobei gleichzeitig ein hoher Wirkungsgrad der Zentrifuge bei einfacher Wartung gewährleistet werden soll.For the present invention, therefore, the task of creating a centrifuge of the type mentioned above, which avoids the disadvantages set out above and which can be produced with a lower manufacturing and assembly costs, at the same time a high efficiency of the centrifuge is to be ensured with easy maintenance ,
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt erfindungsgemäß mit einer Zentrifuge mit den im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Die abhängigen Ansprüche enthalten zweck- mässige Ausgestaltungen daszu.The solution of this object succeeds according to the invention with a centrifuge with the features specified in
Vorteilhaft ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifuge im Gehäuse eine in den Innenteil hineinragende oder den Innenteil durchsetzende Achse angeordnet ist, die das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel bildet, und daß der Innenteil einen zentralen Rohrkörper umfaßt, der die Achse umgibt. Hiermit ergibt sich eine kompakte, übersichtliche und stabile Ausführung der einzelnen Teile der Zentrifuge. Der Rotor ist unmittelbar an der Achse drehbar gelagert, mit anderen Worten also ohne die Zwischenschaltung von Gleitlagerhülsen oder Wälzlagern oder anderen separaten Lagerbauteilen. Gleitlagerhülsen oder Wälzlager oder dergleichen separate Lagerbauteile werden bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifuge für die Lagerung des Rotors nicht mehr benötigt. Damit entfällt auch der mit der Fertigung und Montage der Lagerhülsen oder Wälzlager oder dergleichen separaten Lagerbauteile verbundene Aufwand, wodurch Zeit und Kosten bei der Herstellung der Zentrifuge eingespart werden. Gleichzeitig sind aber ein hoher Wirkungsgrad und eine lange Lebensdauer der Zentrifuge gewährleistet, weil aufgrund der Verwendung geeigneter Lagermaterialien, die miteinander lagertaugliche Gleitlagermaterialpaarungen bilden, eine niedrige Lagerreibung bei geringem Lagerverschleiß auch ohne separate Lagerbauteile erreicht wird. Bei den bekannten Zentrifugen mußten Passungen für die Aufnahme der separaten Gleitlager hergestellt werden; bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifuge werden in gleicher Anzahl Passungen für die unmittelbare Lagerung gefertigt. Somit bleibt die Zahl der Bearbeitungsschritte für die Herstellung von Passungen gleich und es entsteht in dieser Hinsicht also kein höherer Bearbeitungsaufwand; es entfallen aber alle Kosten und Montageschritte für das Einbauen von separaten Gleitlagern oder Wälzlagern oder dergleichen separaten Lagerbauteilen. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung werden vorteilhaft die Toleranzketten kleiner, was insbesondere zu einer verbesserten Wuchtung und somit zu einer höheren Drehzahl der Zentrifuge bei gleicher Antriebsleistung führt. Dabei ist der Schmutzfangteil mit dem Innenteil zu dem Rotor verbunden und der Schmutzfangteil zu seiner Entsorgung oder Reinigung vom Innenteil unter Verbleib des Innenteils auf dem gehäuseseitigen Lagermittel trennbar. Auf diese Weise kann der Schmutzfangteil zusammen mit dem darin gesammelten Schmutz bei einer Wartung der Zentrifuge aus dem Gehäuse entnommen und durch einen frischen Schmutzfangteil ersetzt werden, während der Innenteil dauerhaft in der Zentrifuge verbleibt. Die Lagerung des Rotors wird also beim Wartungsvorgang in keiner Weise belastet oder einer Verschmutzungsgefahr ausgesetzt. Damit ist auch der Einsatz eines teureren Materials für den Innenteil gerechtfertigt, da dieser bei der Wartung der Zentrifuge nicht ausgetauscht wird, sondern dauerhaft in der Zentrifuge verbleibt.It is advantageous in the centrifuge according to the invention in the housing a projecting into the inner part or the inner part passing through axis is arranged, which forms the housing-side bearing means, and that the inner part comprises a central tubular body which surrounds the axis. This results in a compact, clear and stable design of the individual parts of the centrifuge. The rotor is rotatably mounted directly on the axis, in other words without the interposition of plain bearing sleeves or bearings or other separate bearing components. Slide bearing sleeves or roller bearings or the like separate bearing components are no longer needed in the centrifuge according to the invention for the storage of the rotor. This also eliminates the costs associated with the manufacture and assembly of the bearing sleeves or bearings or the like separate bearing components, which saves time and costs in the manufacture of the centrifuge. At the same time, however, high efficiency and a long service life of the centrifuge are ensured because, due to the use of suitable bearing materials which form mutually bearing-compatible plain bearing material pairings, low bearing friction with low bearing wear is achieved even without separate bearing components. In the known centrifuges had to be made fits for receiving the separate plain bearings; in the centrifuge according to the invention fits are made in the same number for direct storage. Thus, the number of processing steps for the production of fits remains the same and so there is no in this respect higher processing costs; but it eliminates all costs and assembly steps for the installation of separate plain bearings or bearings or the like separate bearing components. The solution according to the invention advantageously the tolerance chains are smaller, resulting in particular to an improved balancing and thus to a higher rotational speed of the centrifuge with the same drive power. In this case, the dirt trap part is connected to the inner part of the rotor and the dirt trap part for disposal or cleaning of the inner part while retaining the inner part on the housing side storage means separable. In this way, the dirt trap part can be removed together with the dirt collected therein during maintenance of the centrifuge from the housing and replaced by a fresh dirt trap part, while the inner part remains permanently in the centrifuge. The storage of the rotor is thus charged in the maintenance process in any way or exposed to a risk of contamination. Thus, the use of a more expensive material for the inner part is justified because it is not replaced during maintenance of the centrifuge, but remains permanently in the centrifuge.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, daß der Innenteil des Rotors als Antriebsteil mit mindestens einem radial nach außen weisenden Düsenarm mit mindestens einer Rückstoßdüse ausgeführt ist. In dieser Ausführung der Zentrifuge ist der Innenteil zweckmäßig ein Lebensdauerbauteil der Zentrifuge, der aus diesem Grunde schon aus einem entsprechend haltbaren Material gefertigt ist, um die notwendige Dauerhaltbarkeit zu gewährleisten. Hier genügt es demnach, für den Innenteil das geeignete Material auszuwählen, das mit dem Material des gehäuseseitigen Lagermittels eine geeignete Gleitlagermaterialpaarung bildet.In a further embodiment of the invention is preferably provided that the inner part of the rotor is designed as a drive part with at least one radially outwardly pointing nozzle arm with at least one recoil nozzle. In this embodiment of the centrifuge, the inner part is expediently a life-time component of the centrifuge, which for this reason is already made of a suitably durable material in order to ensure the necessary durability. Here, it is therefore sufficient to select the appropriate material for the inner part, which forms a suitable bearing material pairing with the material of the housing-side bearing means.
Alternativ ist vorgesehen, daß der Schmutzfangteil des Rotors als Antriebsteil mit mindestens einer Rückstoßdüse ausgeführt ist. Auch in dieser Ausführung der Zentrifuge ist der Innenteil zweckmäßig ein Lebensdauerbauteil der Zentrifuge, womit auch hier die im vorangehenden Absatz angegebenen Vorteile erreicht werden. Zusätzlich ist hier vorteilhaft, daß mit jedem Austausch des Schmutzfangteils auch neue Rückstoßdüsen eingesetzt werden.Alternatively, it is provided that the dirt-catching part of the rotor is designed as a drive part with at least one recoil nozzle. Also in this embodiment of the centrifuge, the inner part is expediently a lifetime component of the centrifuge, which also here the advantages stated in the preceding paragraph can be achieved. In addition, it is advantageous here that new replacement nozzles are used with each replacement of the dirt trap part.
Zur Erzielung einer möglichst kostengünstigen Fertigung in großen Stückzahlen ist der Innenteil zweckmäßig ein gießtechnisch hergestelltes Teil aus dem zweiten Lagerwerkstoff.To achieve the most cost-effective production in large numbers, the inner part is expediently a casting-produced part of the second bearing material.
Ein weiterer Beitrag zu einer kostengünstigen Massenfertigung der Zentrifuge besteht darin, daß bevorzugt die das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel bildende Achse ein Dreh- oder Dreh-Fräs-Teil aus dem ersten Lagerwerkstoff ist. Die Achse kann somit in automatischen Bearbeitungsmaschinen vollständig hergestellt und bearbeitet werden, was eine kostengünstigere Fertigung bei großen Stückzahlen erlaubt.Another contribution to cost-effective mass production of the centrifuge is that preferably the axis forming the housing-side bearing means is a turning or turning-milling part of the first bearing material. The axis can thus be completely manufactured and processed in automatic processing machines, which allows a more cost-effective production in large quantities.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung wird vorgeschlagen, daß einerseits die das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel bildende Achse an ihrem Außenumfang und andererseits der zentrale Rohrkörper an seinem Innenumfang in wenigstens einem Bereich zu wenigstens einer unmittelbaren gegenseitigen Lagerpassung oberflächenbearbeitet sind. In dem Bereich oder den Bereichen der unmittelbaren gegenseitigen Lagerpassung findet die Lagerung des Rotors auf dem gehäuseseitigen Lagermittel, z. B. der Achse, statt, wobei sich die Zahl und die Anordnung der Bereiche unmittelbarer gegenseitiger Lagerpassung nach den Randbedingungen des jeweiligen Einsatzfalls der Zentrifuge richten, wie z. B. axiale Länge des Rotors, Masse des Rotors und/oder von außen auf die Zentrifuge einwirkende mechanische Belastungen, wie Vibrationen einer Brennkraftmaschine oder Erschütterungen durch ein sich bewegendes Fahrzeug.In a further embodiment, it is proposed that, on the one hand, the housing-side bearing means forming the axis on its outer circumference and on the other hand, the central tubular body are surface-treated on its inner circumference in at least one area to at least one immediate mutual bearing fit. In the area or areas of the immediate mutual bearing fit the bearing of the rotor on the housing side bearing means, for. As the axis, instead, with the number and the arrangement of the areas of direct mutual bearing fit according to the boundary conditions of the particular application of the centrifuge, such. As axial length of the rotor, mass of the rotor and / or externally acting on the centrifuge mechanical loads, such as vibrations of an internal combustion engine or shocks from a moving vehicle.
Bevorzugt wird dabei weiter vorgeschlagen, daß zwei in Axialrichtung des Rotors voneinander beabstandete Bereiche unmittelbarer gegenseitiger Lagerpassung vorgesehen sind und daß in übrigen Bereichen der Außenumfang der das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel bildende Achse und der Innenumfang des zentralen Rohrkörpers radialen Abstand voneinander haben. Die Bereiche der unmittelbaren gegenseitigen Lagerpassung werden zweckmäßig so ausgeführt, daß sie einerseits so groß wie nötig sind, um eine ausreichende Dauerhaltbarkeit zu gewährleisten, und daß sie andererseits so klein wie möglich sind, um den Bearbeitungsaufwand niedrig zu halten und eine möglichst leichtgängige Lagerung des Rotors zu erzielen.Preferably, it is further proposed that two axially spaced apart from each other in the rotor areas of immediate mutual bearing fit are provided and that in other areas of the outer periphery of the housing-side bearing means forming the axis and the inner circumference of the central tubular body have radial distance from each other. The areas of direct mutual bearing fit are expediently carried out so that they are on the one hand as large as necessary to ensure adequate durability, and on the other hand, they are as small as possible to keep the processing costs low and the smoothest possible mounting of the rotor to achieve.
Bevorzugt ist weiterhin ein erster Bereich der unmittelbaren gegenseitigen Lagerpassung an oder nahe einem ersten axialen Ende des Rotors und ein zweiter Bereich der unmittelbaren gegenseitigen Lagerpassung an oder nahe einem zweiten axialen Ende des Rotors vorgesehen. Ein möglichst großer Abstand der Bereiche der unmittelbaren gegenseitigen Lagerpassung sorgt für eine relativ geringe Belastung der einzelnen Lagerbereiche bei vorgegebenen äußeren Bedingungen, wodurch zu einer guten Dauerhaltbarkeit der Zentrifuge beigetragen wird.Preferably, a first region of the immediate mutual bearing fit is also provided at or near a first axial end of the rotor and a second region of the immediate mutual bearing fit is provided at or near a second axial end of the rotor. The greatest possible distance of the areas of the immediate mutual bearing fit ensures a relatively low Load of the individual storage areas under given external conditions, which contributes to a good durability of the centrifuge.
Günstige Gleitlagermaterialpaarungen lassen sich allgemein dadurch erreichen, daß die Lagerwerkstoffe metallische Werkstoffe oder Kunststoff-Werkstoffe oder Kunststoff-Metall-Verbundwerkstoffe sind.Favorable plain bearing material pairings can be generally achieved in that the bearing materials are metallic materials or plastic materials or plastic-metal composites.
Eine konkretere Materialauswahl sieht diesbezüglich bevorzugt vor, daß der erste Lagerwerkstoff ein Stahl ist und daß der zweite Lagerwerkstoff eine über- oder untereutektische Aluminium-Silizium-Legierung oder eine Bronze oder eine Bronze-Legierung ist. Das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel besteht dann zweckmäßig aus dem Stahl und kann günstig aus einem Halbzeug durch spanende Bearbeitung gefertigt werden. Die Aluminium-Silizium-Legierung oder Bronze oder Bronze-Legierung läßt sich günstig im Druckguß verarbeiten und wird deshalb zweckmäßig für eine gußtechnische Fertigung des Rotors oder seines Innenteils oder seines zentralen Rohrkörpers eingesetzt.A more concrete selection of materials in this respect preferably provides that the first bearing material is a steel and that the second bearing material is an over- or hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy or a bronze or a bronze alloy. The housing-side bearing means is then expediently made of steel and can be made inexpensively from a semi-finished by machining. The aluminum-silicon alloy or bronze or bronze alloy can be processed conveniently in die casting and is therefore expediently used for a casting production of the rotor or its inner part or its central tubular body.
In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung sind die Kunststoff-Metall-Verbundwerkstoffe Kunststoffe mit darin eingebetteten Metallpartikeln. Diese Verbundwerkstoffe vereinen ein geringes Gewicht mit guten Lagereigenschaften und guter Haltbarkeit.In an alternative embodiment, the plastic-metal composite materials are plastics with metal particles embedded therein. These composites combine light weight with good storage properties and good durability.
Um den Rotor im Betrieb der Zentrifuge in axialer Richtung zu sichern, ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, daß das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel und der Innenteil des Rotors zusammenwirkende Lagerungsmittel zur Axiallagerung des Rotors auf dem Lagermittel aufweisen.In order to secure the rotor during operation of the centrifuge in the axial direction, it is preferably provided that the housing-side bearing means and the inner part of the rotor have cooperating bearing means for axial bearing of the rotor on the bearing means.
In einer ersten diesbezüglichen Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, daß die Lagerungsmittel zur Axiallagerung des Rotors ein axiale Kräfte aufnehmendes Wälzlager umfassen. Dieses Wälzlager muß zwar separat eingebaut werden, sorgt aber für eine besonders reibungsarme und dabei belastbare axiale Lagerung des Rotors. Für die Drehlagerung des Rotors an sich ist das Wälzlager nicht erforderlich.In a first related refinement, it is provided that the bearing means for axial bearing of the rotor include an axial forces receiving rolling bearing. Although this roller bearing must be installed separately, but ensures a particularly low-friction and durable axial bearing of the rotor. For the rotary bearing of the rotor itself, the rolling bearing is not required.
Alternativ wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Lagerungsmittel zur Axiallagerung des Rotors durch wenigstens eine radial nach außen weisende Stufe am Lagermittel und/oder durch wenigstens ein mit dem Lagermittel verbundenes, einen radial nach außen weisenden Kragen aufweisendes Lagermittelendstück gebildet sind. In dieser Ausführung erfolgen sowohl die Drehlagerung als auch die Axiallagerung ausschließlich gleitend, wofür einfache und preiswerte Elemente verwendbar sind.Alternatively, it is proposed that the bearing means for axial bearing of the rotor by at least one radially outwardly facing step on the bearing means and / or by at least one connected to the bearing means, a radially outwardly facing collar bearing bearing end piece are formed. In this embodiment, both the pivot bearing and the thrust bearing carried only sliding, for which simple and inexpensive elements are used.
Da der Rotor mit dem Innenteil und dem davon trennbaren Schmutzfangteil ausgeführt ist, besteht bevorzugt der Schmutzfangteil des Rotors zum Teil oder ganz aus Kunststoff. Die Verwendung von Kunststoff für den Schmutzfangteil des Rotors führt zu einem geringeren Gesamtgewicht des Rotors und erlaubt zudem eine vorteilhaft einfache Entsorgung des mit Schmutz beladenen Schmutzfangteils nach einer Wartung der Zentrifuge, weil bei geeigneter Auswahl des Kunststoffes der Schmutzfangteil komplett thermisch verwertbar ist.Since the rotor is designed with the inner part and the dirt-trapping part which can be separated therefrom, the dirt-trapping part of the rotor preferably consists partly or entirely of plastic. The use of plastic for the dirt trap part of the rotor leads to a lower overall weight of the rotor and also allows an advantageous easy disposal of dirt-loaded part after maintenance of the centrifuge, because with a suitable selection of the plastic, the waste collection part is completely thermally recoverable.
Ebenfalls aus Gründen eines möglichst geringen Gewichts der Zentrifuge sowie zur Erzielung von möglichst geringen Herstellungskosten können vorteilhaft weitere Teile des Gehäuses, die dieses neben dem gehäuseseitigen Lagermittel umfaßt, zum Teil oder sämtlich aus Kunststoff bestehen.Also, for reasons of the lowest possible weight of the centrifuge as well as to achieve the lowest possible production costs can advantageously further parts of the housing, which includes this in addition to the housing-side bearing means, partly or all made of plastic.
Schließlich ist gemäß Erfindung vorgesehen, daß das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel über zumindest einen Teil seiner axialen Länge hohl ist und daß in dem so gebildeten Kanal im Inneren des gehäuseseitigen Lagermittels ein Mindestdruckventil angeordnet ist, das einen Flüssigkeitsstrom durch die Zentrifuge erst bei Überschreiten eines Mindestflüssigkeitsdrucks freigibt. Das Mindestdruckventil ist hier platzsparend in einem problemlos auch mit einem höheren Flüssigkeitsdruck belastbaren Teil der Zentrifuge, nämlich in dem gehäuseseitigen, stabilen Lagermittel untergebracht.Finally, it is provided according to the invention that the housing-side bearing means is hollow over at least part of its axial length and that in the channel thus formed in the interior of the housing-side bearing means a minimum pressure valve is arranged, which releases a liquid flow through the centrifuge only when a minimum liquid pressure is exceeded. The minimum pressure valve is space-saving in a easily loadable with a higher fluid pressure part of the centrifuge, namely housed in the housing side, stable storage means.
Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung erläutert. Die Figuren der Zeichnung zeigen:
Figur 1- eine Zentrifuge in einer ersten Ausführung im Längsschnitt,
Figur 2- die Zentrifuge in einer zweiten Ausführung eben- falls im Längsschnitt und
Figur 3- die Zentrifuge in einer dritten Ausführung im Längsschnitt.
- FIG. 1
- a centrifuge in a first embodiment in longitudinal section,
- FIG. 2
- the centrifuge in a second embodiment also in longitudinal section and
- FIG. 3
- the centrifuge in a third embodiment in longitudinal section.
Wie die
Im oberen Bereich ist ein Rotor 10 der Zentrifuge 1 angeordnet und auf einem gehäuseseitigen Lagermittel 12 in Form einer von dem Gehäuseteil 11' nach oben weisenden Achse drehbar gelagert. Die Achse 12 ist dazu an ihrem unteren Ende mit dem Gehäuseteil 11' verbunden, hier verschraubt. Auf der Achse 12 ist der Rotor um eine Drehachse 19 drehbar.In the upper region, a
Das obere Ende der Achse 12 wird durch ein oberes Achsendstück 12' gebildet, das mit der übrigen Achse 12 verschraubt ist und das seinerseits mit seinem oberen Ende in einer Zentriereintiefung 16 an der Unterseite des Dekkels 15 zentrierend abgestützt ist. Alternativ kann selbstverständlich auch eine frei nach oben ragende Achse 12 verwendet werden, die keine zentrierende Abstützung am Deckel 15 erfährt.The upper end of the
Der Rotor 10 der Zentrifuge 1 besteht hier aus zwei Teilen, nämlich einem Innenteil 2 und einem Schmutzfangteil 3.The
Der Innenteil 2 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem zentralen Rohrkörper 20, der konzentrisch zur Achse 12 angeordnet ist und diese umgibt. Von einem unteren Bereich des Rohrkörpers 20 erstrecken sich einander gegenüberliegend zwei Düsenarme 21 in Radialrichtung schräg nach außen und nach unten. Am radial äußeren Ende jedes Düsenarms 21 ist je eine Rückstoßdüse 22 zum Antreiben des Rotors 10 mittels eines Flüssigkeitsstroms angeordnet. Damit bildet hier der Innenteil 2 des Rotors 10 dessen Antriebsteil.The
Der Schmutzfangteil 3 ist in Axialrichtung von oben her auf den Innenteil 2 aufgesteckt und mit diesem über am oberen Ende des Rotors 10 vorgesehene Verbindungsmittel 32 so verbunden, daß eine selbsttätige Relativbewegung in Axialrichtung zwischen dem Schmutzfangteil 3 und dem Innenteil 2 ausgeschlossen ist. Außerdem sind der Innenteil 2 und der Schmutzfangteil 3 des Rotors 10 so ausgestaltet, daß jede Bewegung des Innenteils 2 in Umfangsrichtung von dem Schmutzfangteil 3 zwangsweise mitgemacht wird, wozu hier nicht im einzelnen dargestellte Drehmomentübertragungsmittel dienen.The
Wie die Zeichnungsfigur weiter veranschaulicht, ist der Rotor 10 mittels seines Innenteils 2 unmittelbar, d. h. insbesondere ohne Zwischenlage von Gleitlagerhülsen und/oder Wälzlagern, auf der das gehäuseseitige Lagermittel bildenden Achse 12 gelagert. Gleitlagerhülsen oder Wälzlager werden hier nicht mehr benötigt und müssen dementsprechend auch nicht in die Zentrifuge 1 bei deren Fertigung eingebaut werden.As the drawing figure further illustrates, the
Dabei erfolgt die Lagerung hier in zwei Bereichen 24 und 25. Der erste Bereich 24 liegt nahe dem unteren axialen Ende des Rotors 10, wo der Außenumfang der Achse 12 und der Innenumfang des Rohrkörpers 20 des Innenteils 2 jeweils zu einer unmittelbaren Lagerpassung oberflächenbearbeitet sind. Ein zweiter Bereich 25 liegt nahe dem axial oberen Ende des Rotors 10, wo ebenfalls der Außenumfang der Achse 12 und der Innenumfang des Rohrkörpers 20 zu einer unmittelbaren Lagerpassung oberflächenbearbeitet sind. In den Bereichen 24 und 25 weist jeweils der Außenumfang der Achse 12 eine erste Gleitlagerfläche 17 und der Innenumfang des Rohrkörpers 20 eine unmittelbar dazu passende zweite Gleitlagerfläche 27 aufHere, the storage takes place here in two
In den Bereichen zwischen dem Außenumfang der Achse 12 und dem Innenumfang des zentralen Rohrkörpers 20, die außerhalb der Lagerpassungsbereiche 24 und 25 liegen, besteht ein radialer Abstand. Dieser radiale Abstand wird als Kanal für die Führung der zu reinigenden Flüssigkeit in das Innere des Schmutzfangteils 3 benutzt.In the regions between the outer circumference of the
Damit die unmittelbare Lagerung ausreichend leichtgängig und zugleich haltbar ist, bestehen einerseits die Achse 12 und andererseits der zentrale Rohrkörper 20 bzw. der Innenteil 2 aus geeigneten Materialien, z.B. einerseits einem ersten Metall oder einer ersten metallischen Legierung und andererseits aus einem zweiten Metall oder einer zweiten metallischen Legierung, die miteinander lagertaugliche Gleitlagermaterialpaarungen bilden.In order for the immediate storage to be sufficiently smooth and durable, on the one hand the
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Im unteren Bereich des Gehäuses 11 unterhalb des Gehäuseteils 11' kann beispielsweise ein Filtereinsatz angeordnet sein. Das Gehäuse 11 kann auch so ausgeführt sein, daß es nur die Zentrifuge 1 aufnimmt.In the lower region of the
Im zusammengebauten, betriebsfertigen Zustand der Zentrifuge 1, wie ihn die
Um den Rotor 3 und dessen Innenteil 2 im Betrieb der Zentrifuge 1 in Axialrichtung zu lagern und zu sichern, sind hier entsprechende axiale Lagerungsmittel vorgesehen. Ein erstes axiales Lagerungsmittel besteht aus einem radial nach außen vorspringenden Kragen 18 an dem Achsendstück 12'. Die Unterseite des Kragens 18 bildet eine Anlauffläche, an die sich der Innenteil 2 bei einer axialen Bewegung nach oben anlegt. Ein zweites axiales Lagerungsmittel wird durch eine radial nach außen vorspringende Stufe 18' im unteren Endbereich der Achse 12 gebildet. Diese Stufe 18' bildet eine Anlauffläche für das untere Stirnende des Innenteils 2 bzw. des zentralen Rohrkörpers 20, wodurch die axiale Beweglichkeit nach unten begrenzt wird.In order to store and secure the
Ein Flüssigkeitsstrom gelangt von unten her in Axialrichtung nach oben hin in den Kanal 13 in der Achse 12 zum Mindestdruckventil 4. Liegt ein ausreichend hoher Flüssigkeitsdruck vor, öffnet das Mindestdruckventil 4 und ein erster Teilstrom der Flüssigkeit gelangt durch radiale Durchbrechungen 14 im unteren Bereich der Achse 12 in die beiden Düsenarme 21 und durch diese hindurch zu den beiden Rückstoßdüsen 22. Auf diese Weise wird der Rotor 10, bestehend aus dem Innenteil 2 und dem Schmutzfangteil 3, in Rotation versetzt.A liquid flow passes from below in the axial direction upwards into the
Ein zweiter Teilstrom der Flüssigkeit fließt durch den Ringspalt zwischen dem Außenumfang der Achse 12 und dem Innenumfang des zentralen Rohrkörpers 20 in Axialrichtung nach oben und durch den oberen Lagerpassungsbereich 25 hindurch. Dabei bildet der Lagerpassungsbereich 25 eine Drosselstelle für diesen zweiten Flüssigkeitsstrom. Nach dem Durchtritt durch den Lagerpassungsbereich 25 fließt dieser zweite Flüssigkeitsstrom durch radiale Durchbrechungen 23 nahe dem oberen Ende des zentralen Rohrkörpers 20 in Radialrichtung von innen nach außen in das Innere des Schmutzfangteils 3, das einen Schmutzsammelbereich 30 bildet. Radial innen und unten verläßt der gereinigte Flüssigkeitsteilstrom den Schmutzfangteil 3 und strömt zusammen mit dem aus den Düsen 22 austretenden Flüssigkeitsteilstrom drucklos ab.A second partial flow of the liquid flows through the annular gap between the outer circumference of the
Zum Zweck einer Wartung der Zentrifuge 1 wird der Deckel 15 abgeschraubt und entfernt. Durch Betätigen von zwei Griff- und Betätigungselementen 33 an der Oberseite der Deckwand 31 des Schmutzfangteils 3 kann letzterer von dem Innenteil 2 gelöst und in Axialrichtung nach oben vom Innenteil 2 abgezogen werden. Danach kann ein gereinigter oder neuer Schmutzfangteil 3 in umgekehrter Richtung auf den Innenteil 2 aufgesteckt und mit diesem in Umfangsrichtung verdrehfest und in Axialrichtung lösbar verbunden werden. Nach dem Aufsetzen des Schraubdeckels 15 ist die Zentrifuge 1 wieder betriebsbereit. Der als Antriebsteil dienende Innenteil 2 verbleibt als Lebensdauerbauteil üblicherweise in der Zentrifuge 1 und muß für den Wechsel des Schmutzfangteils 3 nicht aus der Zentrifuge 1 entfernt werden. Bei Bedarf kann aber nach Abnehmen des oberen Achsendstücks 12' auch der Innenteil 2 entnommen und durch einen neuen Innenteil 2 ersetzt werden, falls dies wider Erwarten doch einmal nötig werden sollte.For the purpose of servicing the
Die Achse 12 einerseits und der Innenteil 2 andererseits bestehen aus Werkstoffen, z.B. metallischen Werkstoffen oder Verbundwerkstoffen, die miteinander lagertaugliche Gleitlagermaterialpaarungen bilden. Alle anderen, nicht an der Lagerung beteiligten Teile der Zentrifuge 1 können, ohne Rücksicht auf eine Lagertauglichkeit nehmen zu müssen, aus anderen Materialien bestehen. Das andere Material kann beispielsweise Kunststoff sein, womit ein geringes Gewicht und eine einfache Fertigung erreicht werden. Der Schmutzfangteil 3 kann dann in seiner Ausführung aus Kunststoff bei geeigneter Materialwahl zusammen mit dem darin abgelagerten Schmutz thermisch verwertet werden, ohne daß metallische Einzelteile zurückbleiben.The
Unterschiedlich zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 ist hier insbesondere, daß der Schmutzfangteil 3 nun zwei Rückstoßdüsen 22 aufweist, von denen in der Schnittdarstellung gemäß
Der Innenteil 2 des Rotors 10 dient hier der Lagerung des Rotors 10 und der lösbaren Halterung des Schmutzfangteils 3.The
Der Innenteil 2 ist hier durch einen zentralen Rohrkörper 20 gebildet, der an seinem Innenumfang im unteren Bereich und nahe seinem oberen Ende jeweils eine Gleitlagerfläche 27 aufweist. Eine Achse 12, die auch hier in einen unteren Gehäuseteil 11' eingesetzt, hier eingeschraubt, ist, trägt in den entsprechenden Bereichen auf ihrem Außenumfang jeweils eine dazu passende Gleitlagerfläche 17. Damit ist auch hier der Innenteil 2 unmittelbar, d.h. ohne Zwischenlage von Lagerhülsen oder Wälzlagern, auf der Achse 12 gelagert.The
Eine axiale Lagerung des Innenteils 2 erfolgt nach unten durch eine radial nach außen vorspringende Stufe 18 im unteren Teil der Achse 12. Axial nach oben hin wird die Beweglichkeit des Innenteils 2 durch einen radial nach außen ragenden Kragen 18 an einem in das obere Ende der Achse 12 eingeschraubten Achsendstück 12' begrenzt.An axial bearing of the
In ihren weiteren in
Oben in
Zur axialen Lagerung des Innenteils 2 in Richtung nach oben dient hier im Unterschied zu den beiden vorherigen Ausführungsbeispielen ein axiales Wälzlager 18'', das mit seinem Innenring auf den Achszentriereinsatz 12" aufgesetzt ist. Im Betrieb der Zentrifuge 1 läuft der Innenteil 2 mit seiner in
Die Drehlagerung des Innenteils 2 erfolgt auch hier über die zuvor schon beschriebenen Gleitlager ohne Verwendung von separaten Gleitlagerhülsen oder dergleichen Bauteilen. Dabei sind auch hier jeweils ein unterer Lagerpassungsbereich 24 und ein oberer Lagerpassungsbereich 25 vorgesehen.The pivotal mounting of the
In ihren weiteren in
Claims (14)
- A centrifuge (1) for cleaning a liquid, in particular the lubricant of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing (11), comprising at least one support element (12) on the housing side and comprising a rotor (10), which is rotatably mounted thereon and which is embodied at least in two parts and comprises an inner part (2), which serves as support, and a dirt collecting part (3), which serves to collect dirt in a dirt collecting area (30), wherein the dirt collecting part (3) can be detached from the inner part (2) for maintenance of the centrifuge (1), wherein the/each support element (12) on the housing side is a part consisting of a first support material and encompasses one or a plurality of first plain support surfaces (17), wherein the inner part (2) is a one-piece part consisting of a second support material and encompasses one or a plurality of second plain support surfaces (27), characterized in- that an axis, which projects into the inner part (2) or which permeates the inner part (2) and which forms the support element (12) on the housing side and which encompasses the first plain support surface(s) (17) on its outer periphery, is arranged in the housing (11),- that the inner part (2) comprises a central pipe body (20), which surrounds the axis and which encompasses the second plain support surface(s) (27) on its inner periphery,- that the first and second plain support surfaces (17 and 27) interact directly without the interleaving of plain support sleeves or ball bearings or other separate support components and- that the first and the second support material forms a support-suitable plain support material pairing with one another.
- The centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part (2) of the rotor (10) is designed as drive part comprising at least one nozzle arm (21) pointing radially outwardly and comprising at least one thrust nozzle (22).
- The centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that the dirt collecting part (3) of the pipe (10) is designed as drive part comprising at least one thrust nozzle (22).
- The centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part (2) is a part, which is produced by means of casting technology and which consists of the second support material.
- The centrifuge according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis, which forms the support element (12) on the housing side, is a turning or turning-milled part consisting of the first support material.
- The centrifuge according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the one hand, the axis, which forms the support element (12) on the housing side, is surface-treated on its outer periphery and, on the other hand, the central pipe body (20) is surface-treated on its inner periphery in at least one area (24, 25) for at least a direct mutual support fit.
- The centrifuge according to claim 6, characterized in that provision is made for two areas (24 and 25) having a direct mutual support fit and being spaced apart from one another in axial direction of the pipe (10) and in that the outer periphery of the axis forming the support element (12) on the housing side and the inner periphery of the central pipe body (20) have a radial distance from one another in the remaining areas.
- The centrifuge according to claim 7, characterized in that provision is made for a first area (24) of the direct mutual support fit on or close to a first axial end of the rotor (10) and for a second area (25) of the direct mutual support fit on or close to a second axial end of the rotor (10).
- The centrifuge according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support materials are metallic materials or synthetic materials or synthetic-metal composite materials.
- The centrifuge according to claim 9, characterized in that the first support material is a steel and that the second support material is a hypereutectic or hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy or a bronze or a bronze alloy.
- The centrifuge according to claim 9, characterized in that the synthetic material-metal composite materials are synthetic materials comprising metal particles embedded therein.
- The centrifuge according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support element (12) on the housing side and the inner part (2) of the rotor (10) encompass interacting support elements for an axial support of the rotor (10) on the support element (12).
- The centrifuge according to claim 12, characterized in that the support elements comprise a ball bearing (18"), which accommodate axial forces, for axially supporting the rotor (10).
- The centrifuge according to claim 12, characterized in that the support elements for axially supporting the rotor (10) are formed in each case by at least one step (18'), which points radially outwardly, on the support element (12) and on the inner part (2) and/or by at least one support element end piece (12'), which is connected to the support element (12) and which encompasses a collar (18) pointing radially outwardly.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202005020012U DE202005020012U1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2005-12-22 | Centrifuge for cleaning a liquid |
PCT/EP2006/011033 WO2007079815A2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-11-17 | Centrifuge for cleaning a liquid |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1965924A2 EP1965924A2 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
EP1965924B1 true EP1965924B1 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
Family
ID=37709498
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06818613A Not-in-force EP1965924B1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2006-11-17 | Centrifuge for cleaning a liquid |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7959547B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1965924B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE499156T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE202005020012U1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007079815A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202005007162U1 (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-09-21 | Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg | Rotor for a centrifuge |
DE202005020012U1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-05-10 | Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg | Centrifuge for cleaning a liquid |
DE202007009913U1 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2008-11-20 | Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg | Separator for separating oil mist from the crankcase ventilation gas of an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine with a separator |
DE102007046000A1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-09 | Scania Cv Ab | Filter for hydraulic fluid circuit |
DE102010002784A1 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2011-09-15 | Hengst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Oil mist separator and internal combustion engine with an oil mist separator |
US20110226219A1 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-09-22 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel lubricated pump and common rail fuel system using same |
US11654385B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2023-05-23 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc | Utilizing a mechanical seal between a filter media and an endcap of a rotating filter cartridge |
GB201518508D0 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2015-12-02 | Delphi Internat Operations Luxembourg S À R L | Hydraulic machine with centrifugal particle trap |
EP3320977B1 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2021-07-07 | Alfdex AB | Housing for a centrifugal separator |
WO2018236921A1 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2018-12-27 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | Axial flow centrifugal separator |
DE202017107733U1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-03-21 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | separating |
CN111135596B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2024-05-17 | 荆门金贤达生物科技有限公司 | Concentrate preparation production line on etoxazole production line |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB723279A (en) | 1952-10-02 | 1955-02-02 | Glacier Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to centrifugal cleaners for separating impurities from liquids |
DE1105351B (en) | 1959-06-06 | 1961-04-20 | Knecht G M B H | Centrifuge for separating impurities from liquid media, in particular from lubricating oil for internal combustion engines |
DE1123625B (en) * | 1960-06-18 | 1962-02-08 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Centrifugal cleaner for liquids, especially for lubricating oils |
GB1089355A (en) * | 1965-09-22 | 1967-11-01 | Glacier Co Ltd | Centrifugal fluid cleaners |
FR2725917B1 (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1997-11-21 | Moatti Filtration | ASSEMBLY FOR TREATING A FLUID BY FILTRATION AND CENTRIFUGATION |
EP1066884B1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2005-06-22 | Fleetguard, Inc. | Disposable, self-driven centrifuge rotor |
US6929596B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2005-08-16 | Fleetguard, Inc. | Centrifuge with separate hero turbine |
DE10344664B4 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2015-02-12 | Mahle Filtersysteme Gmbh | Device for separating impurities from the lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine |
US7182724B2 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2007-02-27 | Fleetguard, Inc. | Disposable centrifuge rotor |
DE202004004215U1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-07-28 | Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg | Free jet centrifuge for cleaning lubricating oil in internal combustion engine, has rotor with nozzle and drive and dust collecting parts that are respectively subjected to their own lubricating oil stream |
DE202004008785U1 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-10-13 | Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg | Free-jet centrifuges for cleaning the lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine |
WO2005087383A1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-22 | Hengst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Impulse centrifuge for the purification of the lubricating oil from an internal combustion engine |
DE202005014427U1 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2007-02-01 | Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg | Two-piece rotor for a centrifuge and centrifuge with such a rotor |
DE202005017208U1 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-03-22 | Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg | Recoil nozzle for the rotor of a centrifuge and rotor with such recoil nozzles |
DE202005020012U1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-05-10 | Hengst Gmbh & Co.Kg | Centrifuge for cleaning a liquid |
JP4983611B2 (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2012-07-25 | トヨタ紡織株式会社 | Centrifugal oil filter |
-
2005
- 2005-12-22 DE DE202005020012U patent/DE202005020012U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-11-17 DE DE502006008962T patent/DE502006008962D1/en active Active
- 2006-11-17 WO PCT/EP2006/011033 patent/WO2007079815A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-17 AT AT06818613T patent/ATE499156T1/en active
- 2006-11-17 EP EP06818613A patent/EP1965924B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-11-17 US US12/158,243 patent/US7959547B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007079815A2 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
US20080296212A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
US7959547B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
WO2007079815A3 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
EP1965924A2 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
DE202005020012U1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
DE502006008962D1 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
ATE499156T1 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
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