EP1955787A1 - Method and device for stretching metal strips by traction - Google Patents
Method and device for stretching metal strips by traction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1955787A1 EP1955787A1 EP08000279A EP08000279A EP1955787A1 EP 1955787 A1 EP1955787 A1 EP 1955787A1 EP 08000279 A EP08000279 A EP 08000279A EP 08000279 A EP08000279 A EP 08000279A EP 1955787 A1 EP1955787 A1 EP 1955787A1
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- Prior art keywords
- stretching zone
- stretching
- bandwidth
- temperature
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
- B21D1/05—Stretching combined with rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D25/00—Working sheet metal of limited length by stretching, e.g. for straightening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for (continuous) stretching of metal strips, in particular thin metal strips of aluminum alloys, wherein the metal strip is plastically deformed in one or more stretching zones under a tensile stress in the range or above the yield strength.
- - Thin metal bands in particular metal bands with a thickness of 0.05 to 1 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- Stretching zone usually means a strip line within a strip treatment plant between two driven rollers, in which the strip is plastically elongated and is under a tensile stress in the order of the yield strength.
- the belt passes through a brake roller set and a Switzerlandrollensatz and is subjected to a stretch between the two sets of rollers in the course of stretching in the plastic range.
- the strip can pass through several stretching zones between the two sets of rolls and can be stretched in these stretching zones in the plastic region and / or elastic region (cf. DE 103 23 811 A1 ).
- metal striping can also be done by rolling, for example temper rolling and / or straightening.
- temper rolling and / or straightening With the known method for leveling metal strips by rolling, straightening and / or stretching, in particular ripples or band saber can hardly be completely eliminated, so that an ideal flatness is rarely achieved.
- the invention has the object of developing a method of the type described above such that the flatness of the metal strip can be improved in a simple yet cost-effective manner by means of Switzerlandreckens.
- the invention teaches in a generic method for the continuous stretching of metal strips that the metal strip is heated and / or cooled in regions within at least one stretching zone for setting a temperature distribution inhomogeneous over the bandwidth temperature distribution over the bandwidth.
- the invention is based on the recognition that the draw-stretching process can be influenced particularly sensitively if the strip is heated zone-wise within one or even within several stretching zones during the plastic deformation. Consequently, the strip is not already heated before entering the draw zone, where the stretch is still below the yield point, but only when it is actually in the stretch zone. The strip is thus already before the beginning of the heating under a tensile stress with the amount of the yield strength ⁇ s.
- the heating of a strip of tape does not change the tensile stress distribution in the strip assuming ideal plastic material behavior.
- Ideal plastic material means in the context of the invention, a material in which in the course of a plastic deformation no or only a negligible cold work hardening occurs. However, even with low work hardening it can be assumed that the tensile stress distribution changes only insignificantly if a strip of tape within a stretching zone in which the strip is under a tensile stress in the region of the yield strength, is heated.
- ⁇ ges ⁇ S / e + ⁇ p . cold
- ⁇ ges ⁇ S / e + ⁇ p . warm + ⁇ * .DELTA.T
- the distribution of plastic elongation over the bandwidth can therefore be influenced directly by the introduced temperature differences.
- the adjustment of the temperature distribution forms, as it were, another flatness actuator for the draw-stretching process.
- the inventive method is characterized by high flexibility.
- the temperature is applied to the tape within the Werreckzone and thus after the respective first train role of Werreckrollencrues. It is thus excluded an influence on the temperature of the access roller, which otherwise could affect the Glasreckrea in an undesirable manner.
- the invention proposes, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, that the metal strip is subsequently heated (at least in certain regions) and / or cooled in regions in the same stretching zone for setting a temperature distribution which is homogeneous over the bandwidth.
- the invention is based on the recognition that it is particularly advantageous to compensate for the initially inhomogeneous temperature profile even in the same stretching zone and consequently to eliminate the temperature differences in the strip again.
- the tape again has a constant temperature across the bandwidth. It is particularly advantageous to carry out this temperature compensation within the same stretching zone, since in this way an inhomogeneous temperature influence of both the first Switzerlandreckrolle and the second Switzerlandreckrolle a Switzerlandreckrollenpackes is reliably avoided.
- the strip In order to even out the temperature profile, it is possible within the scope of the invention for the strip to be subsequently reversed in temperature in initially heated (or cooled) areas, and consequently heated areas to be cooled and / or cooled areas to be heated. However, there is also the possibility that not the previously heated areas are then cooled, but that just those areas are heated that were not previously heated. In this way, the temperature profile can be uniform, without cooling elements are required.
- the invention proposes that the temperature distribution within the stretch zone and / or behind the stretch zone is measured and that the adjustment of the temperature profile is controlled and / or regulated as a function of these measurement results. By determining the temperature distribution, the process can be properly monitored, so that in particular changing belt speeds can be traced.
- the invention also relates to a system for the stretching of metal strips, in particular thin metal strips, by a method of the type described.
- a drafting system has at least one pair of drawstring rollers which form a stretching zone between a first drawstring roll and a second drawstring roll.
- a drafting system has at least one pair of drawstring rollers which form a stretching zone between a first drawstring roll and a second drawstring roll.
- such Buchreckstrom has at least one Einlaufspannrollensatz, for example, brake roller set, and at least one Auslaufspannrollensatz, for example Switzerlandrollensatz, wherein between the Einlaufspannrollensatz and the Auslaufspannrollensatz at least one Buchreckrollencru is arranged.
- the invention includes also embodiments with several stretching zones and in particular with several Buchreckrollenformen.
- At least one first tempering device is arranged with one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements for setting a temperature profile which is inhomogeneous over the bandwidth. Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if in the same stretching zone of this first temperature control device, a second temperature control device is arranged downstream with a predetermined distance, which also has one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements for setting a homogeneous over the bandwidth temperature profile. While with the first tempering consequently the inhomogeneous temperature profile required for influencing the draw stretching process is set, the downstream tempering device serves to equalize the initially set temperature profile.
- Such a temperature control device may have a plurality of (separate) heating elements and / or cooling elements distributed over the bandwidth.
- a temperature control device has one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements which can be moved or traversed over the belt width.
- the heating elements may be thermal radiators, for example infrared radiators. Alternatively or additionally, induction heating elements or heating elements of another type can also be used as heating elements.
- Cooling elements can be designed, for example, as blowing air elements for a cooling air admission.
- the first temperature control device with which an inhomogeneous temperature profile is set over the bandwidth, is arranged directly behind the first access roller, that is to say the temperature control takes place at the beginning of the tensile stress zone.
- the second Temperature control with which the inhomogeneous temperature profile is compensated again, is arranged immediately before or shortly before the second access roller or in the region of the end of Switzerlandreckzone.
- the distance between the first temperature control device and the second temperature control device is at least half the length of the stretch zone or half of the distance between the tension rollers of a pair of take-up rollers.
- the invention proposes that in the stretching zone and / or behind the stretching zone at least one temperature measuring device is arranged, which may be connected to a control and / or regulating device, which in turn is connected to the one or more tempering. Furthermore, it may be expedient if in the stretching zone and / or behind the stretching zone, a flatness measuring device is arranged, which may also be connected to a control and / or regulating device, which in turn operates on the tempering.
- Such Switzerlandreckstrom has in its basic structure designed as a brake roller set 1 Einlaufspannrollensatz and trained as Werrollensatz 2 Auslaufspannrollensatz.
- a Buchreckrollencruroll 3 is arranged in the exemplary embodiment, which forms a stretch zone R between a first Switzerlandreckrolle 4 and a second Switzerlandreckrolle 5.
- Brake roller set 1 and Werrollensatz 2 each have a plurality of rollers, which are applied with staggered torques / speeds and consequently stretch trains to the to set the desired stretch tension between the brake roller set 1 and the Switzerland2.
- the Switzerlandreckrollen 4, 5 of the Werreckrollenschreibes 3 are driven accordingly, so that the band is within the stretching zone R under a tensile stress in the order of the yield strength and the band B is plastically deformed or extended.
- a first temperature control device 6 is now provided within this stretching zone R, which has one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements.
- this first tempering device 6 a temperature profile which is inhomogeneous with the band width is generated immediately after the first draw-stretching roller 4 and consequently during the plastic deformation of the metal strip B.
- the tape B is locally heated in one or more selected tape strips. This local heating or the introduced temperature differences directly influence the plastic elongation, so that the draw-stretching process can be sensitively influenced. Cold areas are more elongated than correspondingly heated areas.
- the first temperature control device 6 is arranged directly behind the first roller 4 of the Switzerlandreckrollencrues 3. The ribbon is thus tempered locally immediately after it leaves the first roll 4.
- a second tempering device 7 is provided, which is arranged downstream of the first tempering device 6 at a distance a.
- This tempering device 7 also has one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements with which the previously inhomogeneously set temperature profile can then be uniformed again.
- the belt B thus leaves the stretching zone R over the bandwidth of constant temperature.
- the distance A between the two access stretching rollers 4, 5 and the length of the stretching zone R is usually up to 5 m, for example 2 to 3 m.
- the first tempering device 6 is arranged directly behind the access roller 4, so that the belt B is locally tempered immediately after it leaves the first roller 4.
- Immediately behind the first draw roll means in the first half of the stretch zone, preferably in the first third of the stretch zone, for example in the first quarter of the stretch zone.
- the distance x of the tempering device from the draw-stretching roller 4 is preferably less than 1 m, for example less than 0.5 m.
- the second temperature control device 7 is arranged directly in front of the second access roller 5.
- the distance y between the second temperature control device 7 and the second access roller 5 is for example less than 1 m, preferably less than 0.5 m. In this respect, it is expedient if the distance a between the two tempering devices 6, 7 with respect to the distance A between the Buchreckrollen 4, 5 is as large as possible. The distance a is preferably at least half of the distance A between the Buchreckrollen 4, 5.
- Distance means in the invention, the distance or the distance along the tape, for example, the distance of the tempering or the corresponding tempered band area to the area in which the tape leaves the roll or in which the tape comes into contact with the roll.
- a flatness measuring device 8 for example, a flatness measuring roller or a non-contact flatness measuring device may be arranged.
- the flatness of the band B achieved by means of stretching can consequently be measured or checked directly.
- the measurement result can be fed to a control and / or regulating device, which is connected to the individual components of the drafting system and in particular also to the tempering device or devices 6, 7. This is not shown in the figure.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum (kontinuierlichen) Zugrecken von Metallbändern, insbesondere dünnen Metallbändern aus Aluminiumlegierungen, wobei das Metallband in einer oder in mehreren Reckzonen unter einer Zugspannung im Bereich oder oberhalb der Streckgrenze plastisch verformt wird. - Dünne Metallbänder meint insbesondere Metallbänder mit einer Dicke von 0,05 bis 1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,5 mm. Reckzone meint üblicherweise eine Bandstrecke innerhalb einer Bandbehandlungsanlage zwischen zwei angetriebenen Rollen, in denen das Band plastisch verlängert wird und unter einer Zugspannung in der Größenordnung der Streckgrenze steht.The invention relates to a method for (continuous) stretching of metal strips, in particular thin metal strips of aluminum alloys, wherein the metal strip is plastically deformed in one or more stretching zones under a tensile stress in the range or above the yield strength. - Thin metal bands in particular metal bands with a thickness of 0.05 to 1 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Stretching zone usually means a strip line within a strip treatment plant between two driven rollers, in which the strip is plastically elongated and is under a tensile stress in the order of the yield strength.
Es ist bekannt, dünne Metallbänder im Wege des kontinuierlichen Zugreckens zu planieren. Das Band durchläuft einen Bremsrollensatz und einen Zugrollensatz und wird zwischen den beiden Rollensätzen im Zuge einer Reckung im plastischen Bereich einem Streckzug unterworfen. Dabei kann das Band zwischen den beiden Rollensätzen mehrere Reckzonen durchlaufen und in diesen Reckzonen im plastischen Bereich und/oder elastischen Bereich gereckt werden (vgl.
Neben dem Zugrecken kann das Planieren von Metallbändern auch durch Walzen, zum Beispiel Dressierwalzen und/oder Richten erfolgen. Mit den bekannten Verfahren zum Planieren von Metallbändern durch Walzen, Richten und/oder Zugrecken lassen sich insbesondere Welligkeiten oder Bandsäbel kaum vollständig beseitigen, so dass eine ideale Planlage nur selten erreicht wird.In addition to drawing, metal striping can also be done by rolling, for example temper rolling and / or straightening. With the known method for leveling metal strips by rolling, straightening and / or stretching, in particular ripples or band saber can hardly be completely eliminated, so that an ideal flatness is rarely achieved.
Aus diesem Grunde ist insbesondere beim Walzen vorgeschlagen worden, in dem Metallband durch zonenweises Erwärmen oder Abkühlen ein über die Bandbreite und gegebenenfalls vorgegebene Bandlänge veränderbares Temperaturprofil zur Beeinflussung der Zugspannungsverteilung zu erzeugen. Der Planiergrad wird dabei folglich durch Veränderung der Zugspannungsverteilung eingestellt (vgl.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art derart weiterzubilden, dass sich die Planheit des Metallbandes auf einfache und zugleich kostengünstige Weise im Wege des Zugreckens verbessern lässt.The invention has the object of developing a method of the type described above such that the flatness of the metal strip can be improved in a simple yet cost-effective manner by means of Zugreckens.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe lehrt die Erfindung bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Zugrecken von Metallbändern, dass das Metallband innerhalb zumindest einer Reckzone zur Einstellung einer über die Bandbreite inhomogenen Temperaturverteilung über die Bandbreite bereichsweise erwärmt und/oder gekühlt wird. - Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Erkenntnis aus, dass sich der Zugreckprozess besonders empfindlich beeinflussen lässt, wenn innerhalb einer oder auch innerhalb mehrerer Reckzonen während der plastischen Verformung das Band zonenweise erwärmt wird. Das Band wird folglich nicht bereits vor dem Einlaufen in die Zugreckzone erwärmt, wo sich die Dehnung noch unterhalb der Streckgrenze befindet, sondern erst, wenn es sich tatsächlich in der Reckzone befindet. Das Band steht folglich bereits vor Beginn der Erwärmung unter einer Zugspannung mit dem Betrag der Streckgrenze σs. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei die Tatsache, dass sich durch zum Beispiel die Erwärmung eines Bandstreifens die Zugspannungsverteilung im Band bei Annahme idealplastischen Materialverhaltens nicht ändert. Idealplastisches Material meint im Rahmen der Erfindung ein Material, bei welchem im Zuge einer plastischen Verformung keine oder lediglich eine vernachlässigbar geringe Kaltverfestigung eintritt. Doch auch bei geringer Kaltverfestigung kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass sich die Zugspannungsverteilung lediglich unwesentlich ändert, wenn ein Bandstreifen innerhalb einer Reckzone, in der das Band unter einer Zugspannung im Bereich der Streckgrenze steht, erwärmt wird. Dennoch lässt sich durch eine Erwärmung eines solchen Bandstreifens innerhalb der Zugreckzone der Zugreckprozess lokal beeinflussen, denn der Unterschied in der plastischen Längung zwischen den einzelnen Bandstreifen unterschiedlicher Temperatur ergibt sich direkt durch die thermische Dehnung des erwärmten Bandstreifens (und nicht etwa durch unterschiedliche Zugspannungsverteilung).To solve this problem, the invention teaches in a generic method for the continuous stretching of metal strips that the metal strip is heated and / or cooled in regions within at least one stretching zone for setting a temperature distribution inhomogeneous over the bandwidth temperature distribution over the bandwidth. The invention is based on the recognition that the draw-stretching process can be influenced particularly sensitively if the strip is heated zone-wise within one or even within several stretching zones during the plastic deformation. Consequently, the strip is not already heated before entering the draw zone, where the stretch is still below the yield point, but only when it is actually in the stretch zone. The strip is thus already before the beginning of the heating under a tensile stress with the amount of the yield strength σs. Of particular importance is the fact that, for example, the heating of a strip of tape does not change the tensile stress distribution in the strip assuming ideal plastic material behavior. Ideal plastic material means in the context of the invention, a material in which in the course of a plastic deformation no or only a negligible cold work hardening occurs. However, even with low work hardening it can be assumed that the tensile stress distribution changes only insignificantly if a strip of tape within a stretching zone in which the strip is under a tensile stress in the region of the yield strength, is heated. Nevertheless, by heating such a strip of tape within the Zugreckzone the Zugreckprozess can influence locally, because the difference in the plastic elongation between the individual strips of different temperature results directly from the thermal expansion of the heated strip strip (and not by different tensile stress distribution).
Für einen nicht erwärmten bzw. kalten Streifen gilt:
Demgegenüber gilt für einen erwärmten Streifen:
εges meint die Gesamtdehnung. σs ist die Streckgrenze. E ist der Elastizitätsmodul. α ist der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient. ΔT ist die (relative) Erwärmung des erwärmten Bandstreifens in °C. εp,warm bzw. εp,kalt sind die plastischen Dehnungen des warmen bzw. kalten Streifens. Da die Gesamtdehnung εges für einerseits den kalten Streifen, andererseits den warmen Streifen innerhalb der Zugreckzone identisch ist, ergibt sich aus den oben erläuterten Zusammenhängen unmittelbar, dass die Verteilung der plastischen Längung über die Bandbreite direkt von dem Temperaturunterschied ΔT abhängt
Die Verteilung der plastischen Längung über der Bandbreite lässt sich also direkt über die eingeleiteten Temperaturunterschiede beeinflussen. Die Einstellung der Temperaturverteilung bildet gleichsam ein weiteres Planheitsstellglied für den Zugreckprozess. Im Ergebnis lassen sich im Zuge des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens Metallbänder mit besonders hoher Planheit erzeugen. Zudem zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durch hohe Flexibilität aus. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist ferner die Tatsache, dass die Temperaturbeaufschlagung des Bandes innerhalb der Zugreckzone und folglich nach der jeweiligen ersten Zugrolle des Zugreckrollenpaares erfolgt. Es ist folglich eine Beeinflussung der Temperatur der Zugreckrolle ausgeschlossen, welche den Zugreckprozess anderenfalls in unerwünschter Weise beeinflussen könnte.The distribution of plastic elongation over the bandwidth can therefore be influenced directly by the introduced temperature differences. The adjustment of the temperature distribution forms, as it were, another flatness actuator for the draw-stretching process. As a result, can be in the course of the invention Produce metal strips with particularly high flatness. In addition, the inventive method is characterized by high flexibility. Of particular importance is also the fact that the temperature is applied to the tape within the Zugreckzone and thus after the respective first train role of Zugreckrollenpaares. It is thus excluded an influence on the temperature of the access roller, which otherwise could affect the Zugreckprozess in an undesirable manner.
In diesem Zusammenhang schlägt die Erfindung in besonders vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung vor, dass das Metallband anschließend in derselben Reckzone zur Einstellung einer über die Bandbreite homogenen Temperaturverteilung über die Bandbreite (zumindest) bereichsweise erwärmt und/oder gekühlt wird. Dabei geht die Erfindung von der Erkenntnis aus, dass es besonders vorteilhaft ist, noch in derselben Reckzone das zunächst inhomogene Temperaturprofil wieder auszugleichen und folglich die Temperaturunterschiede im Band wieder zu beseitigen. Damit weist das Band nach dem Recken wieder eine konstante Temperatur über die Bandbreite auf. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es dabei, diesen Temperaturausgleich noch innerhalb der gleichen Reckzone durchzuführen, da auf diese Weise eine inhomogene Temperaturbeeinflussung sowohl der ersten Zugreckrolle als auch der zweiten Zugreckrolle eines Zugreckrollenpaares zuverlässig vermieden wird. Dieses ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn in ein und derselben Anlage nacheinander verschiedene Bänder bzw. Coils behandelt werden, die eine unterschiedliche Temperaturverteilung zum Planieren erfordern. Denn auf diese Weise wird zuverlässig vermieden, dass nach Behandlung eines ersten Coils mit einer bestimmten Temperaturverteilung sich diese Temperaturverteilung auf eine oder mehrere Rollen der Zugreckanlage überträgt. Folglich wird verhindert, dass bei der anschließenden Behandlung eines weiteren Coils eine Beeinflussung durch die zuvor erwärmte Rolle in Kauf genommen werden muss.In this context, the invention proposes, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, that the metal strip is subsequently heated (at least in certain regions) and / or cooled in regions in the same stretching zone for setting a temperature distribution which is homogeneous over the bandwidth. The invention is based on the recognition that it is particularly advantageous to compensate for the initially inhomogeneous temperature profile even in the same stretching zone and consequently to eliminate the temperature differences in the strip again. Thus, after stretching, the tape again has a constant temperature across the bandwidth. It is particularly advantageous to carry out this temperature compensation within the same stretching zone, since in this way an inhomogeneous temperature influence of both the first Zugreckrolle and the second Zugreckrolle a Zugreckrollenpaares is reliably avoided. This is particularly advantageous if successively different bands or coils are treated in one and the same system, which require a different temperature distribution for leveling. Because in this way it is reliably avoided that after treatment of a first coil with a certain temperature distribution, this temperature distribution is transferred to one or more roles of Zugreckanlage. Consequently, it is prevented that in the subsequent treatment of another coil, an influence by the previously heated role must be taken into account.
Zur Vergleichmäßigung des Temperaturprofils besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, dass das Band in zunächst erwärmten (oder gekühlten) Bereichen anschließend umgekehrt temperiert wird und folglich erwärmte Bereiche gekühlt und/oder gekühlte Bereiche erwärmt werden. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, dass nicht die zuvor erwärmten Bereiche anschließend gekühlt werden, sondern dass gerade die Bereiche erwärmt werden, die zuvor nicht erwärmt wurden. Auch auf diese Weise lässt sich das Temperaturprofil vergleichmäßigen, und zwar ohne dass Kühlelemente erforderlich sind.In order to even out the temperature profile, it is possible within the scope of the invention for the strip to be subsequently reversed in temperature in initially heated (or cooled) areas, and consequently heated areas to be cooled and / or cooled areas to be heated. However, there is also the possibility that not the previously heated areas are then cooled, but that just those areas are heated that were not previously heated. In this way, the temperature profile can be uniform, without cooling elements are required.
Ferner schlägt die Erfindung vor, dass die Temperaturverteilung innerhalb der Reckzone und/oder hinter der Reckzone gemessen wird und dass die Einstellung des Temperaturprofils in Abhängigkeit von diesen Messergebnissen gesteuert und/oder geregelt wird. Durch Ermittlung der Temperaturverteilung lässt sich der Prozess einwandfrei überwachen, so dass insbesondere auch ändernde Bandgeschwindigkeiten nachgefahren werden können.Furthermore, the invention proposes that the temperature distribution within the stretch zone and / or behind the stretch zone is measured and that the adjustment of the temperature profile is controlled and / or regulated as a function of these measurement results. By determining the temperature distribution, the process can be properly monitored, so that in particular changing belt speeds can be traced.
Außerdem besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die Planheit des Bandes in der Reckzone und/oder hinter der Reckzone gemessen wird und dass die Einstellung des Temperaturprofils in Abhängigkeit von der Messung gesteuert und/oder geregelt wird.In addition, there is the possibility that the flatness of the strip in the stretch zone and / or behind the stretch zone is measured and that the adjustment of the temperature profile is controlled and / or regulated as a function of the measurement.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch eine Anlage zum Zugrecken von Metallbändern, insbesondere dünnen Metallbändern, nach einem Verfahren der beschriebenen Art. Eine solche Zugreckanlage weist zumindest ein Zugreckrollenpaar auf, welches zwischen einer ersten Zugreckrolle und einer zweiten Zugreckrolle eine Reckzone bildet. Vorzugsweise weist eine solche Zugreckanlage zumindest einen Einlaufspannrollensatz, zum Beispiel Bremsrollensatz, und zumindest einen Auslaufspannrollensatz, zum Beispiel Zugrollensatz, auf, wobei zwischen dem Einlaufspannrollensatz und dem Auslaufspannrollensatz zumindest ein Zugreckrollenpaar angeordnet ist. Die Erfindung umfasst jedoch auch Ausführungsformen mit mehreren Reckzonen und insbesondere mit mehreren Zugreckrollenpaaren.The invention also relates to a system for the stretching of metal strips, in particular thin metal strips, by a method of the type described. Such a drafting system has at least one pair of drawstring rollers which form a stretching zone between a first drawstring roll and a second drawstring roll. Preferably, such Zugreckanlage has at least one Einlaufspannrollensatz, for example, brake roller set, and at least one Auslaufspannrollensatz, for example Zugrollensatz, wherein between the Einlaufspannrollensatz and the Auslaufspannrollensatz at least one Zugreckrollenpaar is arranged. However, the invention includes also embodiments with several stretching zones and in particular with several Zugreckrollenpaaren.
Erfindungsgemäß ist in der Reckzone bzw. in den Reckzonen oder zumindest einer der Reckzonen zumindest eine erste Temperiervorrichtung mit einem oder mehreren Heizelementen und/oder Kühlelementen für die Einstellung eines über die Bandbreite inhomogenen Temperaturprofils angeordnet. Ferner ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn in derselben Reckzone dieser ersten Temperiervorrichtung eine zweite Temperiervorrichtung mit vorgegebenem Abstand nachgeordnet ist, welche ebenfalls ein oder mehrere Heizelemente und/oder Kühlelemente für die Einstellung eines über die Bandbreite homogenen Temperaturprofils aufweist. Während mit der ersten Temperiereinrichtung folglich das zur Beeinflussung des Zugreckprozesses erforderliche inhomogene Temperaturprofil eingestellt wird, dient die nachgeordnete Temperiervorrichtung der Vergleichmäßigung des zunächst eingestellten Temperaturprofils.According to the invention, in the stretching zone or in the stretching zones or at least one of the stretching zones, at least one first tempering device is arranged with one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements for setting a temperature profile which is inhomogeneous over the bandwidth. Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if in the same stretching zone of this first temperature control device, a second temperature control device is arranged downstream with a predetermined distance, which also has one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements for setting a homogeneous over the bandwidth temperature profile. While with the first tempering consequently the inhomogeneous temperature profile required for influencing the draw stretching process is set, the downstream tempering device serves to equalize the initially set temperature profile.
Eine solche Temperiervorrichtung kann mehrere über die Bandbreite verteilte (separate) Heizelemente und/oder Kühlelemente aufweisen. Es liegt jedoch auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass eine solche Temperiervorrichtung ein oder mehrere über die Bandbreite verfahrbare bzw. traversierende Heizelemente und/oder Kühlelemente aufweist. Bei den Heizelementen kann es sich um thermische Strahler, zum Beispiel Infrarot-Strahler, handeln. Alternativ oder ergänzend können als Heizelemente auch Induktionsheizelemente oder Heizelemente anderer Art eingesetzt werden. Kühlelemente können beispielsweise als Blasluftelemente für eine Kühlluftbeaufschlagung ausgebildet sein.Such a temperature control device may have a plurality of (separate) heating elements and / or cooling elements distributed over the bandwidth. However, it is also within the scope of the invention that such a temperature control device has one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements which can be moved or traversed over the belt width. The heating elements may be thermal radiators, for example infrared radiators. Alternatively or additionally, induction heating elements or heating elements of another type can also be used as heating elements. Cooling elements can be designed, for example, as blowing air elements for a cooling air admission.
In bevorzugter Ausführungsform ist die erste Temperiervorrichtung, mit der ein inhomogenes Temperaturprofil über die Bandbreite eingestellt wird, unmittelbar hinter der ersten Zugreckrolle angeordnet, das heißt, die Temperierung erfolgt zu Beginn der Zugreckzone. Ferner ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die zweite Temperiervorrichtung, mit der das inhomogene Temperaturprofil wieder ausgeglichen wird, unmittelbar vor bzw. kurz vor der zweiten Zugreckrolle bzw. im Bereich des Endes der Zugreckzone angeordnet ist. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es beispielsweise zweckmäßig, wenn der Abstand zwischen der ersten Temperiervorrichtung und der zweiten Temperiervorrichtung zumindest der Hälfte der Länge der Reckzone bzw. der Hälfte des Abstandes zwischen den Zugreckrollen eines Zugreckrollenpaares beträgt.In a preferred embodiment, the first temperature control device, with which an inhomogeneous temperature profile is set over the bandwidth, is arranged directly behind the first access roller, that is to say the temperature control takes place at the beginning of the tensile stress zone. Furthermore, it is expedient if the second Temperature control, with which the inhomogeneous temperature profile is compensated again, is arranged immediately before or shortly before the second access roller or in the region of the end of Zugreckzone. In this context, it is expedient, for example, if the distance between the first temperature control device and the second temperature control device is at least half the length of the stretch zone or half of the distance between the tension rollers of a pair of take-up rollers.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung schlägt die Erfindung vor, dass in der Reckzone und/oder hinter der Reckzone zumindest eine Temperaturmessvorrichtung angeordnet ist, welche mit einer Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung verbunden sein kann, die wiederum an die eine oder die mehreren Temperiereinrichtungen angeschlossen ist. Ferner kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn in der Reckzone und/oder hinter der Reckzone eine Planheitsmessvorrichtung angeordnet ist, welche ebenfalls mit einer Steuer- und/oder Regelvorrichtung verbunden sein kann, die wiederum auf die Temperiereinrichtungen arbeitet.In a further embodiment, the invention proposes that in the stretching zone and / or behind the stretching zone at least one temperature measuring device is arranged, which may be connected to a control and / or regulating device, which in turn is connected to the one or more tempering. Furthermore, it may be expedient if in the stretching zone and / or behind the stretching zone, a flatness measuring device is arranged, which may also be connected to a control and / or regulating device, which in turn operates on the tempering.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die einzige Zeichnung zeigt in einer schematischen und stark vereinfachten Seitenansicht eine Zugreckanlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. The single drawing shows in a schematic and highly simplified side view of a drafting system for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Eine solche Zugreckanlage weist in ihrem grundsätzlichen Aufbau einen als Bremsrollensatz 1 ausgebildeten Einlaufspannrollensatz und einen als Zugrollensatz 2 ausgebildeten Auslaufspannrollensatz auf. Zwischen dem Bremsrollensatz 1 und dem Zugrollensatz 2 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel ein Zugreckrollenpaar 3 angeordnet, welches zwischen einer ersten Zugreckrolle 4 und einer zweiten Zugreckrolle 5 eine Reckzone R bildet. Bremsrollensatz 1 und Zugrollensatz 2 weisen jeweils mehrere Rollen auf, die mit gestaffelten Drehmomenten/Drehzahlen und folglich Streckzügen beaufschlagt werden, um den gewünschten Streckzug zwischen dem Bremsrollensatz 1 und dem Zugrollensatz 2 einzustellen. Auch die Zugreckrollen 4, 5 des Zugreckrollenpaares 3 sind entsprechend angetrieben, so dass das Band innerhalb der Reckzone R unter einer Zugspannung in der Größenordnung der Streckgrenze steht und das Band B plastisch verformt bzw. verlängert wird.Such Zugreckanlage has in its basic structure designed as a brake roller set 1 Einlaufspannrollensatz and trained as
Erfindungsgemäß ist nun innerhalb dieser Reckzone R eine erste Temperiervorrichtung 6 vorgesehen, welche ein oder mehrere Heizelemente und/oder Kühlelemente aufweist. Mit Hilfe dieser ersten Temperiervorrichtung 6 wird unmittelbar nach der ersten Zugreckrolle 4 und folglich während der plastischen Verformung des Metallbandes B ein über die Bandbreite inhomogenes Temperaturprofil erzeugt. Das Band B wird in einem oder in mehreren ausgewählten Bandstreifen lokal erwärmt. Diese lokale Erwärmung beziehungsweise die eingeleiteten Temperaturunterschiede beeinflussen unmittelbar die plastische Längung, so dass der Zugreckprozess empfindlich beeinflusst werden kann. Kalte Bereiche werden stärker gelängt als entsprechend erwärmte Bereiche. Die erste Temperiervorrichtung 6 ist dabei unmittelbar hinter der ersten Rolle 4 des Zugreckrollenpaares 3 angeordnet. Das Band wird folglich lokal temperiert, unmittelbar nachdem es die erste Rolle 4 verlässt.According to the invention, a first temperature control device 6 is now provided within this stretching zone R, which has one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements. With the aid of this first tempering device 6, a temperature profile which is inhomogeneous with the band width is generated immediately after the first draw-stretching roller 4 and consequently during the plastic deformation of the metal strip B. The tape B is locally heated in one or more selected tape strips. This local heating or the introduced temperature differences directly influence the plastic elongation, so that the draw-stretching process can be sensitively influenced. Cold areas are more elongated than correspondingly heated areas. The first temperature control device 6 is arranged directly behind the first roller 4 of the
Ferner ist in der Figur angedeutet, dass innerhalb derselben Reckzone R eine zweite Temperiereinrichtung 7 vorgesehen ist, welche der ersten Temperiereinrichtung 6 mit Abstand a nachgeordnet ist. Auch diese Temperiereinrichtung 7 weist ein oder mehrere Heizelemente und/oder Kühlelemente auf, mit denen sich das zuvor inhomogen eingestellte Temperaturprofil anschließend wieder vergleichmäßigen lässt. Das Band B verlässt die Reckzone R folglich mit über die Bandbreite konstanter Temperatur. Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird folglich keine der beteiligten Rollen mit einem inhomogen temperierten Band beaufschlagt, so dass keine Gefahr besteht, dass eine beteiligte Rolle sich lokal erwärmt und/oder abkühlt. Dieses gewährleistet, dass der erfindungsgemäße Prozess besonders zuverlässig durchgeführt werden kann.Furthermore, it is indicated in the figure that within the same stretching zone R a
Der Abstand A zwischen den beiden Zugreckrollen 4, 5 bzw. die Länge der Reckzone R beträgt üblicherweise bis zu 5 m, zum Beispiel 2 bis 3 m. In der Figur ist angedeutet, dass die erste Temperiereinrichtung 6 unmittelbar hinter der Zugreckrolle 4 angeordnet ist, so dass das Band B lokal temperiert wird, unmittelbar nachdem es die erste Rolle 4 verlässt. Unmittelbar hinter der ersten Zugreckrolle meint in der ersten Hälfte der Reckzone, vorzugsweise im ersten Drittel der Reckzone, zum Beispiel im ersten Viertel der Reckzone. Der Abstand x der Temperiervorrichtung von der Zugreckrolle 4 beträgt vorzugsweise weniger als 1 m, zum Beispiel weniger als 0,5 m. Ferner ist in der Figur angedeutet, dass die zweite Temperiervorrichtung 7 unmittelbar vor der zweiten Zugreckrolle 5 angeordnet ist. Unmittelbar vor der zweiten Zugreckrolle meint in der zweiten Hälfte der Reckzone, vorzugsweise im letzten Drittel der Reckzone, zum Beispiel im letzten Viertel der Reckzone. Der Abstand y zwischen der zweiten Temperiervorrichtung 7 und der zweiten Zugreckrolle 5 beträgt beispielsweise weniger als 1 m, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,5 m. Insofern ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der Abstand a zwischen den beiden Temperiervorrichtungen 6, 7 bezogen auf den Abstand A zwischen den Zugreckrollen 4, 5 möglichst groß ist. Der Abstand a beträgt dabei vorzugsweise zumindest die Hälfte des Abstandes A zwischen den Zugreckrollen 4, 5. Abstand meint im Rahmen der Erfindung den Abstand bzw. die Entfernung entlang des Bandes, zum Beispiel den Abstand der Temperiervorrichtung bzw. des korrespondierenden temperierten Bandbereiches zu dem Bereich, in dem das Band die Rolle verlässt bzw. in dem das Band mit der Rolle in Berührung kommt.The distance A between the two access stretching rollers 4, 5 and the length of the stretching zone R is usually up to 5 m, for example 2 to 3 m. In the figure, it is indicated that the first tempering device 6 is arranged directly behind the access roller 4, so that the belt B is locally tempered immediately after it leaves the first roller 4. Immediately behind the first draw roll means in the first half of the stretch zone, preferably in the first third of the stretch zone, for example in the first quarter of the stretch zone. The distance x of the tempering device from the draw-stretching roller 4 is preferably less than 1 m, for example less than 0.5 m. Furthermore, it is indicated in the figure that the second
In der Figur ist ferner angedeutet, dass in der Zugreckanlage, zum Beispiel hinter dem Zugreckrollenpaar 3 und gegebenenfalls auch hinter dem Zugrollensatz 2 eine Planheitsmessvorrichtung 8, zum Beispiel eine Planheitsmessrolle oder auch eine berührungslose Planheitsmessvorrichtung angeordnet sein kann. Die im Wege des Zugreckens erreichte Planheit des Bandes B kann folglich unmittelbar gemessen bzw. überprüft werden. Das Messergebnis kann einer Steuer- und/oder Regelvorrichtung zugeführt werden, welche mit den einzelnen Komponenten der Zugreckanlage und insbesondere auch mit der oder den Temperiereinrichtungen 6, 7 verbunden ist. Dieses ist in der Figur nicht dargestellt.In the figure, it is further indicated that in the Zugreckanlage, for example, behind the
Claims (16)
wobei das Metallband in einer oder in mehreren Reckzonen unter einer Zugspannung im Bereich oder oberhalb der Streckgrenze plastisch verformt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Metallband innerhalb zumindest einer Reckzone zur Einstellung einer über die Bandbreite inhomogenen Temperaturverteilung über die Bandbreite bereichsweise erwärmt und/oder gekühlt wird.Method for (continuously) stretching metal strips, in particular thin metal strips,
wherein the metal strip is plastically deformed in one or more stretching zones under a tensile stress in the region or above the yield strength,
characterized,
that the metal strip is heated and / or cooled in regions within at least one stretching zone for setting a temperature distribution inhomogeneous over the bandwidth over the bandwidth.
mit zumindest einem Zugreckrollenpaar (3), welches zwischen einer ersten Zugreckrolle (4) und einer zweiten Zugreckrolle (5) eine Reckzone (R) bildet,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass in der Reckzone (R) zumindest eine erste Temperiervorrichtung (6) mit einem oder mehreren Heizelementen und/oder Kühlelementen für die Einstellung eines über die Bandbreite inhomogenen Temperaturprofils angeordnet ist.Installation for drawing metal strips (B), in particular thin metal strips, according to a method according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
with at least one draw-out roller pair (3) which forms a stretching zone (R) between a first draw-stretching roller (4) and a second drawing-out roller (5),
characterized,
in that at least one first temperature control device (6) with one or more heating elements and / or cooling elements is arranged in the stretching zone (R) for the setting of a temperature profile inhomogeneous over the bandwidth.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102007006809A DE102007006809B4 (en) | 2007-02-07 | 2007-02-07 | Method and apparatus for continuously drawing a metal strip |
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EP1955787A1 true EP1955787A1 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
EP1955787B1 EP1955787B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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EP08000279A Active EP1955787B1 (en) | 2007-02-07 | 2008-01-09 | Method and device for stretching metal strips by traction |
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US (1) | US7954351B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1955787B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101526564B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101239362B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2619202A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007006809B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2388356T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2391170C2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102513411A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Small narrow band bending straightener |
Families Citing this family (6)
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DE102008024013B3 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-08-20 | Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh | Method and device for straightening a metal strip |
US9327338B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2016-05-03 | Alcoa Inc. | Knockout for use while necking a metal container, die system for necking a metal container and method of necking a metal container |
WO2016113176A1 (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2016-07-21 | Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for the thermal treatment of a multiplicity of melt-spun fiber members of a fiber cable |
JP6183736B1 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-08-23 | 日立金属株式会社 | Metal strip slitting apparatus and slitting method |
CN108144989B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-06-18 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | A kind of roll leveller device parameter selection method |
CN112588837B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-10-11 | 日照宝华新材料有限公司 | System and method for automatically identifying pressing-down of roll box of scale breaking withdrawal and straightening machine |
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EP0906797A1 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-07 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for straightening a metal strip in a hot rolling mill |
DE19933610A1 (en) | 1999-07-17 | 2001-01-25 | Bwg Bergwerk Walzwerk | Method of leveling metal strips |
DE10323811A1 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2005-01-13 | Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh | Method for the continuous drawing of metallic strips and drawstring line |
DE102004043150A1 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh - Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH | Tensioning roller for a belt treatment plant and belt treatment plant and use of the tensioning roller |
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AT345237B (en) * | 1976-12-28 | 1978-09-11 | Voest Ag | DEVICE FOR ROLLING STRIP OR TABLE-SHAPED ROLLED MATERIAL |
DE3515459A1 (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1986-10-30 | Achenbach Buschhütten GmbH, 5910 Kreuztal | DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE PLANNESS OF STRIP-SHAPED ROLLING MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR FINE-BANDING, FOR COLD ROLLING MILLS |
-
2007
- 2007-02-07 DE DE102007006809A patent/DE102007006809B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-01-09 ES ES08000279T patent/ES2388356T3/en active Active
- 2008-01-09 EP EP08000279A patent/EP1955787B1/en active Active
- 2008-01-30 CN CN2008100044663A patent/CN101239362B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-05 KR KR1020080011815A patent/KR101526564B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-02-05 US US12/012,790 patent/US7954351B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-06 CA CA002619202A patent/CA2619202A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-02-06 RU RU2008104607/02A patent/RU2391170C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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US4765169A (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1988-08-23 | The Monarch Machine Tool Co. | Method of tension leveling nonhomogeneous metal sheet |
EP0906797A1 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-07 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for straightening a metal strip in a hot rolling mill |
DE19933610A1 (en) | 1999-07-17 | 2001-01-25 | Bwg Bergwerk Walzwerk | Method of leveling metal strips |
DE10323811A1 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2005-01-13 | Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh | Method for the continuous drawing of metallic strips and drawstring line |
DE102004043150A1 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-09 | Betriebsforschungsinstitut VDEh - Institut für angewandte Forschung GmbH | Tensioning roller for a belt treatment plant and belt treatment plant and use of the tensioning roller |
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CN102513411A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Small narrow band bending straightener |
CN102513411B (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-09-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Small narrow band bending straightener |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7954351B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 |
EP1955787B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
CA2619202A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
KR20080074048A (en) | 2008-08-12 |
ES2388356T3 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
CN101239362A (en) | 2008-08-13 |
DE102007006809B4 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
RU2008104607A (en) | 2009-08-20 |
KR101526564B1 (en) | 2015-06-05 |
CN101239362B (en) | 2012-07-18 |
RU2391170C2 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
US20080196467A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
DE102007006809A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
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