EP1936016B1 - Verfahren zur Einstellung der lokalen Eigenschaften eines Vliesstoffs und entsprechende Anlage - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Einstellung der lokalen Eigenschaften eines Vliesstoffs und entsprechende Anlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1936016B1
EP1936016B1 EP07150195.1A EP07150195A EP1936016B1 EP 1936016 B1 EP1936016 B1 EP 1936016B1 EP 07150195 A EP07150195 A EP 07150195A EP 1936016 B1 EP1936016 B1 EP 1936016B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
orientation
width
lap
fibres
Prior art date
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Revoked
Application number
EP07150195.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1936016A2 (de
EP1936016A3 (de
Inventor
Cathia Dos Santos
Michel Colotte
Jean-Louis Dupont
François LOUIS
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Andritz Asselin Thibeau SAS
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Andritz Asselin Thibeau SAS
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Application filed by Andritz Asselin Thibeau SAS filed Critical Andritz Asselin Thibeau SAS
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Publication of EP1936016A3 publication Critical patent/EP1936016A3/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G23/00—Feeding fibres to machines; Conveying fibres between machines
    • D01G23/06—Arrangements in which a machine or apparatus is regulated in response to changes in the volume or weight of fibres fed, e.g. piano motions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G25/00—Lap-forming devices not integral with machines specified above
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/482—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with shrinkage
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for producing a nonwoven fabric having locally determined characteristics, in particular in terms of mechanical strength.
  • the invention also relates to an installation for implementing this method.
  • the web is folded alternately in one direction and the other on an exit belt, thus giving a web composed of overlapping web segments, tilted alternately in one direction and the other relatively to the direction of the web width.
  • the folds between successive segments are aligned along the side edges of the web produced.
  • the sheet of fibers obtained is generally intended for a subsequent consolidation treatment, for example by needling, by coating, and / or etc. to give the desired nonwoven fabric, endowed with a certain consistency and having a certain number of characteristics of mechanical strength, particularly in tensile strength.
  • the patent FR-A-2 234 395 teaches the speed relationships that must be observed in the spreader-lapper to control the surface weight of the web at all points of its width.
  • the needling machine consolidates the web by entangling the fibers with one another and interpenetrating the different layers. Planks lined with a large number of needles perpendicular to the plane of the web regularly strike the web of fibers passing through the needling machine. Fibers of the different layers are thus drawn from one layer to the other, and a felting effect follows which gives the web a certain resistance.
  • the web undergoes changes in the distribution of fibers. Due to the interpenetration and the entanglement of the fibers, the web is compacted mainly by reducing its thickness. However, it is also observed that the width of the web decreases slightly. In addition, the surface weight of the water table is often affected by the consolidation process, typically being increased at the edges of the web.
  • a drawback of these alterations to the web is that the overall quantity of fibers must be increased so that the lightest point of the consolidated web meets the criteria of weight per unit area requested by the purchaser.
  • the heaviest areas of the web, i.e. the edges, then correspond to unnecessary consumption of fibers which is not profitable on sale, as well as an unnecessary increase in the total weight of the web with subsequent drawbacks resulting therefrom, for example during handling or implementation.
  • the patent EP-B-0 371 948 describes a process intended to precompensate the defects occurring during the subsequent consolidation, in particular the needling, by locally varying the weight of the topping web introduced into the spreader-lapper. This is achieved by automatically adjusting the speed of a card comber relative to the speed of the card drum. The faster the comb turns relative to the drum, the lighter the haze formed by the comb. The lightest areas of the web are those intended to form the edges of the web.
  • the patent EP-A-1 036 227 describes a process making it possible to produce a web whose surface weight has a determined profile over the width of the web, again by locally varying the surface weight of the web of lapping introduced into the spreader-lapper. This is obtained by varying at the level of the card a dynamic adjustment influencing the weight of the web, for example by modifying the spacing between the combing device and the carding drum to modify the quantity of fibers taken up by the combing device, or again by “Condensing” the fibers in a variable manner downstream of the comb.
  • the dynamic weight adjustment means form part of a control loop comprising means for detecting the surface weight profile of the consolidated sheet.
  • the speed of rotation of the card comber is readjusted according to the difference between the result of this detection and a set point.
  • the detection detects at the same time the width of the consolidated web and the regulation corrects the length of the stroke of the lapper carriage of the lapper-lapper as a function of the difference between the detected width and a nominal width setpoint, so as to giving the web an actual width as close as possible to the desired nominal width.
  • the longitudinal profile of the surface weights of the web is also regulated.
  • the consolidated sheet obtained thus has a width and a surface weight that are very uniform and very close to the respective nominal values targeted.
  • the EP 1 057 906 B1 describes another method of dynamically adjusting the weight profile of a web.
  • tensile strength values measured in particular according to different directions of the nonwoven, for example according to the direction of the width of the nonwoven ("Cross Direction") and in the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven ("Machine Direction").
  • the current practice consists in reinforcing the entire web by increasing the quantity of fibers, locally or in general. To satisfy one of these characteristics, it often comes to use more fiber than required by the other characteristic, which goes against an optimization of the amount of fiber consumed.
  • the MD / CD ratio should be as close as possible to the value 1: 1
  • the MD / CD ratio has a fairly different value on the edges of the web compared to the central part. Even if the surface weight of the nonwoven is uniform over its entire width, thanks in particular to the weight compensations carried out according to the prior art, the MD / CD ratio of a nonwoven according to the prior art is generally not uniform, because the orientation distribution of the fibers is not the same at all points of the width of the nonwoven. For example, consolidation by needling tends to favor the transverse orientation of the fibers near the center of the web rather than near the edges of the web.
  • the web will have to be reinforced over its entire width so that the lowest value is sufficient.
  • the invention also seeks to optimize the quantity of fibers necessary to obtain a nonwoven fabric of which all the parts have certain minimum characteristics, as well as to optimize the weight or the volume of such a nonwoven fabric.
  • the invention provides a method for manufacturing nonwoven web textiles according to claim 1.
  • the distribution of orientation of the fibers is influenced in a targeted manner as a function of the position of said fibers in the direction of the width of the strip.
  • dynamic adjustment is meant an adjustment which is revised and if necessary modified continuously or repetitively (for example at regular time intervals) while the installation is operating in production.
  • the invention is based on the idea of differentiating the orientations of fibers as a function of the location of the fibers along the width of the web, either to obtain different mechanical characteristics in different areas of the width of the web, or to precompensate for uniformity defects introduced into the mechanical characteristics of the web during subsequent steps of the manufacturing process, in particular during consolidation and more particularly during needling.
  • the invention can be used to give the fibers close to the edges of the web before needling a distribution of orientations favoring more the transverse orientation than for the fibers forming the central zone of the web.
  • the desired control may aim to provide one or more zones of lower resistance, or a sufficiently low resistance at all points of the textile.
  • the notion of “distribution of orientations” is used. This notion takes into account the different orientations present in a given zone, and the greater or lesser abundance of each orientation in this zone.
  • the fibers are typically all parallel to the length of the web (orientation distribution curve flattened to give a single segment).
  • the initially longitudinal fibers of the non-condensed web have been folded back on themselves and / or “transversalized” by the condensation so that the orientation distribution is no longer unidirectional but omnidirectional, represented by an oval.
  • the orientation of the fibers in the web is influenced.
  • Such a dynamic adjustment relating to the web is carried out before folding the web back on itself to form the web.
  • the orientation distribution of the fibers is adjusted in the successive zones of the length of the web as a function of the position that these zones will take along the width of the web.
  • the orientation of the fibers can be influenced by means of adjustable condensation of the web.
  • Such condensation of the veil can itself be obtained in several ways which can be used as desired or even be combined with one another.
  • the dynamically adjustable condensation according to the invention is obtained at least in part by varying the speeds of at least two rotary members of the card which contribute to the manufacture or transport of the web with respect to each other.
  • the condensation is obtained at least in part by adjusting a movement of at least one carriage of the spreader-lapper in a direction substantially transverse to the tablecloth, for example by giving this carriage a speed different from that which would ensure that the web leaves the lapper carriage with a travel speed equal to the displacement speed of the lapper carriage.
  • the displacement of the lapper carriage is slower than the movement of the web through the lapper carriage, the web condenses locally at the outlet of the lapper carriage.
  • the web is stretched at the exit of the lapper carriage. This can for example locally reduce the effect of a pre-existing condensation of the web and thus modify the local distribution of the orientations of the fibers to make it closer to a longitudinal unidirectional distribution relative to the web.
  • the speed of movement of the lapper carriage is equal to the travel speed of the web through the lapper carriage, the web is deposited substantially unchanged on the output apron of the spreader. lapper.
  • the relationship between the deposit of the web on the output apron of the spreader-lapper and the travel speed of the output apron conveying the web in formation towards the output of the spreader lapper in a second embodiment, possibly combinable with the first embodiment, the relationship between the deposit of the web on the output apron of the spreader-lapper and the travel speed of the output apron conveying the web in formation towards the output of the spreader lapper.
  • the direction in which the web is deposited on the web is thus modified, that is to say the angle formed by this direction with the axes of the web, and therefore the angle formed by the fibers deposited with the axes of the web. sheet, in particular when the fibers of the web are longitudinal relative to the web.
  • the angle of inclination of the web segments in the web depends on the ratio between the speed of the outlet apron and the speed of movement of the lapper carriage.
  • the fibers of the web are deposited with a less inclination with respect to the width of the web in the vicinity of the edges of the web; which precompensates the defect introduced later by a consolidation process by needling.
  • the invention is very advantageously combined with the methods known per se to achieve a predetermined distribution of surface weights over the width of the web.
  • the degree of condensation of the parts of the web intended to be located at the edge of the web can be reduced so that the fibers are “more transverse” in the web in the vicinity of the edges of the web before consolidation.
  • this results in a variation in surface weight in the vicinity of the edges of the sheet.
  • a second variation is added to this first variation which has substantially no effect on the orientation distribution of the fibers, for example a variation in the spacing between the comb and the card drum, or again a variation in the speed of the comb and a proportional variation of the fiber transport members located downstream of the comb.
  • an accumulator means capable of absorbing the speed fluctuations is provided downstream of the scraper so that the speed of transport of the fibers downstream of the accumulator is not affected by these fluctuations.
  • Such an accumulator may for example be constituted by an apparatus interposed between the card and the spreader, or alternatively by an accumulator placed at the outlet of the spreader lapper, or alternatively by the accumulator carriage of the spreader-lapper as described in EP-A-1 036 227 .
  • the method according to the invention comprises a regulation of the dynamic adjustment of the orientation of the fibers as a function of a detection of at least one quantity representative of the orientation distribution of the fibers in the nonwoven, preferably the non-woven after consolidation.
  • the measured quantity may be the shrinkage undergone by the web during its consolidation by needling.
  • a shrinkage can be interpreted in terms of modification of the orientation distribution of the fibers in the edge zones of the web.
  • the dynamic adjustment consists in pre-compensating for this modification by one of the orientation means described above, namely the condensation in the card, between the card and the spreader, or at the exit of the lapper carriage, or else the adjustment of the speed of the spreader output apron relative to the speed of movement of the lapper carriage.
  • the measured quantity can be taken from an image of the web which is analyzed to determine the local distribution of orientations, or a numerical value or a set of numerical values which represents this distribution, for example its bidirectional spectrum such as it will be defined later.
  • the invention relates to an installation for the production of nonwovens according to claim 20.
  • This comprises a card providing at least one web of fibers, a spreader-lapper arranging the web in successive transverse segments on an output apron to form a web, and a consolidation machine such as a needling machine or a binding device. by water, thermal or chemical jet downstream of the outlet apron, characterized in that it further comprises orientation means for influencing the orientation distribution of the fibers according to their position along the width of the web, in a process according to one of claims 1 to 19.
  • the consolidation gives a nonwoven fabric having a profile 440a whose edges are significantly heavier, for example example with a surface weight of the order of 115 to 120 for the edges if the surface weight at the center is 100. This increase in the surface weight near the edges is fed by a lateral shrinkage dc of the consolidated sheet with respect to the sheet non-consolidated.
  • compensation for variations in surface weight is typically obtained by depositing more fibers in the central part of the web.
  • a domed profile 430b is thus produced as shown in dotted lines in figure 1b . Consolidation then gives a nonwoven fabric exhibiting a substantially uniform weight profile 440b.
  • the different tensile strengths obtained in the transverse direction CD and in the longitudinal direction MD exhibit a certain heterogeneity between the edges and the central part of the consolidated sheet of the prior art.
  • the MD / CD ratio between these two breaking strengths can in some cases be 40% greater near the edges than in the central part.
  • the tensile strength in the longitudinal direction of the web (MD strength) is higher near the edges of the web than in its central region, compared to the tensile strength in the width direction of the web (resistance CD). It is believed that this heterogeneity is due to the fact that the orientation of fibers near the edge of the web is altered by the needling process, together with the occurrence of dc shrinkage. According to this theory, the fibers of the edge of the consolidated web would tend to form, on average, a greater angle with the width of the web, than the fibers of the central region of the web.
  • Tablecloth 430 ( figure 2 ) is typically obtained by superimposing several segments of S430 sails overlapping each other. The segments are interconnected by folds extending along the edges of the web. The fibers of the web 430 have different orientations resulting from the orientation of the fibers within each of these segments, as well as from the angle A430 according to which these segments are deposited on the mobile apron carrying the web.
  • a web made of non-condensed web the fibers of which are therefore longitudinal in the web, exhibits a much greater tensile strength in the transverse direction of the web (CD) than in its longitudinal direction (MD) because the longitudinal direction of the web, and therefore the direction of the fibers, are almost transverse in the water table.
  • the orientation distribution in the web is more homogeneous, but the transverse or quasi-transverse orientations remain preferred. Therefore, the resistance CD remains higher than the resistance MD, although the ratio between the two is less than 1: 1 than when the web used is not condensed.
  • the distribution of the orientation of all the fibers present can be represented by a closed curve C F linked to this zone and having a center of symmetry Cs.
  • the figure 3a represents an example of curve C F for a sheet made of non-condensed veil and the figure 3b an example of curve C F for a sheet made of condensed veil.
  • Each point P of the curves C F indicates by its distance from the center Cs the proportion of fibers having an orientation identical to that of the vector ray CsP connecting the center Cs to this point P.
  • the orientation of the fibers in the web 430 has been influenced so as to obtain in the central part of the web not yet consolidated an orientation spectrum ON2 different from the orientation spectrum ON1 in the parts of the web close to its edges.
  • the orientation of the fibers in a given part of the web 430 is influenced by a dynamic adjustment made upstream of the consolidation treatment in the needling machine 3. More particularly, in this example, the adjustment affects each region of the length of the web. depending on the position that this region of the length of the web will take in the web.
  • the fibers of the regions of the web intended to come to be placed at the edges of the web are given an orientation spectrum having a greater longitudinal preponderance (relative to the web) than the fibers of the web intended to come to be placed in the central region of the web. the tablecloth.
  • the figure 4 illustrates a nonwoven production installation comprising a card 1 producing a web 421 feeding a spreader-lapper 2.
  • the card comprises a feed roller 11 collecting fibers 411 directly or indirectly in a reserve, to feed a card drum 12.
  • the periphery of the drum 12 is equipped with known means, not shown, for working the fibers carried by the drum. These fibers are taken from the drum 12 by a combing roller 13, then transferred successively to a first condensing roll 14 and a second condensing roll 15.
  • the web 421 thus formed is detached by a stripping roller 16 rotating in the same direction as the last. condenser roller and depositing the web on a conveyor belt 17 leading to the inlet 20 of the spreader-lapper 2.
  • the fibers are oriented circumferentially on the comb 13.
  • the condensers 14 and 15 are used to increase the surface weight of the veil, reduce the speed of the veil and give the fibers a more varied orientation than on the comb.
  • the condensation effect is obtained by giving the second condensation roller 15 a peripheral speed less than that of the first condensation roller 14, the peripheral speed of which is itself lower than that of the comb 13.
  • the spreader-lapper 2 comprises an inlet mat or front mat 24 and a rear mat 25 each forming a closed loop. These loops are exterior to each other and bypass various rollers rotating around fixed axes, as well as rollers carried by an accumulator carriage 21 and others carried by a lapper carriage 22. Each of the two belts 24 and 25 is driven by one of the fixed-axis rollers which is associated with it and which is coupled to a respective electric servo motor.
  • the web 421 is brought to the accumulator carriage 21 by the inlet belt or front belt 24, one region of which may constitute the transport belt 17, as shown.
  • the web passes downward through the first accumulator carriage 21, then the lapper carriage 22.
  • the lapper carriage 22 is in reciprocating motion M22 in a direction perpendicular to the width of the web, and thus deposits the web 421 in successive segments on an apron of outlet 28 movable in a direction parallel to the width of the web.
  • the successive accumulated and offset segments formed by the web 421 deposited on the outlet apron 28 form the web 431 ( Fig 5 ) which is routed to consolidation processing 3 ( figure 2 ).
  • the accumulator carriage 21 is in reciprocating motion M21 in the same direction as the lapper carriage 22 with a displacement law calculated to adjust the distance to be traveled by the web between the inlet 20 of the lapper-lapper and the lapper carriage 22. Said distance is more particularly adjusted to combine with each other the speed of entry of the web 421 into the spreader-lapper with the speed at which the web passes through the lapper carriage 22.
  • the entry speed 20 is equal. at the production speed of the card, as modified if necessary at each instant by the comb 13 which can be at variable speed and by the variable condensation which will be described.
  • the speed at which the web passes through the lapper carriage 22 is either equal to the travel speed of the lapper carriage 22 if the web is to be deposited without adding condensation or stretching, or is different if the web is to be condensed or stretched when it is deposited on the output apron of the spreader-lapper.
  • the dynamic adjustment according to the invention affects the preparation or transport of the web 421, that is to say upstream of the deposition of the web on the outlet apron 28 by the lapper carriage 22.
  • this adjustment modification produces in the web 421 entering the spreader-lapper 2 an alternating structure having, along the longitudinal direction of the web 421, an alternation of VC and VB zones which differ in their fiber orientation distributions.
  • the areas VB are intended to compose the edge areas B1 of the web 431, while the areas VC are intended to compose its central part.
  • the fibers of the web In the VB zones corresponding to the edges of the web, the fibers of the web have a certain OVB orientation spectrum, while in the VC zones corresponding to the center of the web, the fibers of the web have another OVC orientation spectrum.
  • the dynamic adjustment is made so as to increase the transverse component of the OVC orientation spectrum of the VC zones of the web 421.
  • These VC zones produce then in the sheet a central zone where the fibers present an orientation spectrum ON2 ( figure 2 ) having a larger longitudinal component FM2.
  • this same central zone presents an increased MD / CD ratio.
  • the MD / CD ratio of the edge zones of the consolidated sheet has been increased by the effect of the needling described with reference to the figure 1c , the two MD / CD ratios can be made equal.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to produce other types of distribution profile of the orientation spectra of the fibers within the width of the web such as 431.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to produce a nonwoven having, after consolidation, mechanical strengths distributed according to a chosen profile, preferably taking into account the variations directly induced by the consolidation in the edge areas as shown in figure 1c .
  • Such selected profiles can make it possible, for example, to produce a textile which will tear more easily along a selected longitudinal zone, for example to facilitate separation or cutting in such a zone.
  • the orientation profile of the fibers in the web 431 such as that shown in figure 5 which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the web 431
  • the periodicity of variation of the settings influencing the orientation of the fibers corresponds to a half-period of work of the spreader-lapper 2, corresponding to a sequence of a VC zone and a zone VB on the web 421.
  • the adjustment variation period corresponds to a complete working period of the spreader-lapper.
  • the orientation of the fibers of the web 421 is influenced by carrying out condensation in the VC parts of the web.
  • a condensation of the order of 17% by surface weight can cause the value of MD / CD in the consolidated web to vary by approximately 40%, in the case of a geotextile based on polypropylene fibers.
  • variable condensation is carried out within the card, during the production or transport of the web, by varying the speeds of at least two rotary members of the card with respect to each other or transportation.
  • One of these members rotates for example at a given speed and one or more subsequent members rotate at a lower speed when the condensation is to be effective.
  • the web produced will exhibit a condensation of 30%.
  • This condensation could for example be carried out in several intermediate phases, with the first condenser roll 14 rotating at 80 m / min and the second condenser roll 15 rotating at 50 m / min.
  • the card could include a single condenser roll. Such a condensation of 30% can then be obtained with a comb roller rotating at 130 m / min, the condenser roller rotating at 80 m / min, and the stripper rotating at 100 m / min.
  • a comb roller 13 is directly followed by a stripper roller 16. Such a condensation of 30% can then be carried out directly between the comber rotating at 130 m / min and the stripper rotating at 100 m / min.
  • a condensation can also be dynamically adjusted on the transport path or within the spreader-lapper 2.
  • the transport path can thus include one or more condensing devices. It may be, for example, one or more condenser rolls, the circumferential speed of which is dynamically adjusted.
  • Dynamically adjustable condensation can be achieved with a stretching or compression device as described in WO 02/101130 A1 where the FR-A3-2 828 696 placed between the card itself and the spreader-lapper itself. These devices can for example, according to the invention, operate in variable stretching to cancel at least in part, and in a variable manner, a constant condensation at the exit of the card. Both an adjustment of the surface weight and an adjustment of the orientation spectrum are thus carried out, since the zones of the length of the web undergoing the strongest stretching, intended to be placed near the edges of the web, are at the same time.
  • a dynamic adjustment of the condensation of the web can also be carried out in the spreader-lapper 2, for example by modifying the law of displacement of one or two of its carriages 21 and 22 so as to adjust the speed at which the web passes through the web.
  • lapper carriage 22 relative to the speed of movement of the lapper carriage 22.
  • zones for example the two edge zones and the central zone.
  • a second embodiment which will be described with reference to figures 7 and 8 , can be implemented as an alternative to the first embodiment or in combination with it.
  • a dynamic adjustment is carried out affecting the preparation or transport of the web 432, that is to say at the stage or downstream of the deposition of the web 422 on the outlet apron 28 in the spreader-lapper. 2.
  • this adjustment modification produces a modification of the web deposition pattern to form each of the transverse segments making up the web 432, by modifying the inclination of the segment relative to the width of the web.
  • the longitudinal direction DB or DC of each segment forms with the width of the web an angle AB or AC respectively.
  • the exit apron such as 28 advances at a constant speed.
  • the ratio between this constant speed and the speed of movement of the lapper carriage such as 22 defines the angle between the width of the web and the longitudinal direction of the web segments.
  • the exit apron is further slowed down, so that the angle AB in the edge areas B2 is less than the angle AC in the central region of the web, as shown. figure 7 .
  • the orientation spectrum ON2 at the center of the web is less elongated in the direction of the width of the web than the ON1 orientation spectrum in the edge zones.
  • the edge zones After consolidation, the edge zones have an MD / CD ratio close to that of the central zone.
  • this second embodiment can also be used to obtain a selected non-uniform profile, with regard to the distribution of resistances within the textile obtained, and not simply a uniform profile.
  • the installation according to the invention combines the means described so far aimed at controlling the orientation distributions of the fibers over the width of the web, with means such as according to EP-1 036 227 to control the profile of the surface weights over the width of the web.
  • a second dynamic adjustment is carried out affecting the surface weight of the web but having substantially no effect on the orientation of the fibers.
  • the second adjustment may be an adjustment varying the quantity of fibers taken by the comber from the carding drum.
  • the second adjustment can for example consist in varying the speed of rotation of the comb (the faster the comb turns the less fibers it collects at each turn, and the lighter the haze it produces) or the spacing of the comber relative to the carding drum (the farther away the comber is from the drum, the less fibers it withdraws at each turn, and the lighter the haze it produces).
  • the speed of the comber is dynamically adjusted to produce a web whose weight is non-uniform along its longitudinal direction as for example described in EP-A-1036 227 , and the orientation distribution of the fibers in the web is adjusted by dynamically varying the rate of condensation of this web, that is to say for example the ratio between the speed of a detacher and the speed of the comber. Therefore, if at any point in time the speed of the comb is changing and the rate of condensation is to remain constant, typically the speed of the stripper should vary in the same proportion as the speed of the comb.
  • this regulation is combined with a regulation of the surface weight profile such as according to the WO A 00/73547 where the EP 1 057 906 B1 .
  • a transverse detector 41 of the type of that described in section 3 is placed above the web exiting the needling machine 3.
  • WO A 00/73547 comprising a series of sensors aligned parallel to the width of the web or, as a variant, a single so-called "traveling" sensor making back and forth movements above the web.
  • the transverse detector 41 detects the width of the consolidated web 440 and the surface weight at different points of the width of the web.
  • the detection of the width of the web allows a computer 42 to calculate the lateral shrinkage dc undergone by the web during consolidation, either by difference with a detection of width (not shown) upstream of the needling machine 3, either by difference with the stroke length of the lapper carriage of the lapper-lapper 2.
  • This stroke length is known to the computer 42 because the lapper carriage is actuated precisely by a servo-motor (not shown) also controlled by this calculator.
  • the width of the edge zone of the sheet which is altered in connection with the phenomenon of shrinkage dc is known from experience or from prior tests. A simple arithmetic calculation and / or preliminary tests make it possible to evaluate the impact of this shrinkage on the orientation distribution of the fibers in the edge zone affected by the shrinkage. As a function of this evaluation, the computer 42 controls an adjustment of the orientation means.
  • the computer 42 calculates a rate of condensation which must be applied to the parts of the web intended to form the central zone of the sheet so that this central zone presents in the consolidated sheet an orientation distribution. , or in any case a bidirectional orientation spectrum, which is substantially equal to that of the edge zones.
  • the computer 42 receives from the detector 41 measurements of the surface weight at different points of the width of the consolidated sheet 440 and regulates the surface weight profile of the consolidated sheet and the width of the consolidated sheet as described in WO A 00/73547 , by influencing parameters, such as those described previously (speed of the comb, distance of the comb), little or no affecting the orientation of the fibers in the web.
  • the figure 4 schematically illustrates the computer 42 sending orders 43 to the condensers 14, 15 and to the detacher 16 for the dynamic adjustment of the condensation, orders 44 to the comb 13 for the dynamic adjustment of the weight without affecting the orientation of the fibers, and orders 46 to the lapper spreader 2 to adjust and define at any time the position of the two lapper carriages 21, 22 in their reciprocating movements M21, M22 as well as the speed of circulation of the belts 24, 25.
  • the lines 43, 44, 46 are bidirectional for transmitting in return, to the computer 42, information on the real values of the operating parameters of the card and of the spreader-lapper in particular.
  • the regulation it is envisaged to use at the output of the needling machine 3, in addition to the detector 41, at least one image sensor (not shown) in one of the edge zones , and preferably at least three image sensors for the two edge zones and the central zone respectively.
  • the images produced by these sensors are analyzed to determine the orientation distribution of the fibers in the images obtained.
  • the computer 42 calculates, for example, the bidirectional orientation spectra corresponding to the observed distributions, and controls the orientation means in a direction tending to equalize or keep these bidirectional spectra equal.
  • the regulation based on a detection of the transverse shrinkage of the web could be carried out without being combined with a regulation of the surface weight profile.
  • the orientation means controlled within the framework of the regulation of the distributions or orientation spectra can be any of those described, for example the drive motor of the output apron of the spreader-lapper 2 as described in reference to figure 7 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Claims (26)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines bandförmigen Vliesstoffs (440), bei dem durch eine dynamische Einstellung gezielt die Orientierungsverteilung (OVB, OVC) der Fasern in Abhängigkeit von der Position der Fasern entlang der Richtung der Breite des Bandes (430, 440) beeinflusst wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass verschiedene Orientierungsverteilungen (OVB, OVC) an verschiedenen Punkten der Breite des Bandes in einem Zwischenstadium der Herstellung (430) erstellt werden, so dass der in einem späteren Herstellungsstadium (440) erhaltene Vliesstoff an verschiedenen Punkten der Breite des Stoffs jeweilige gewünschte Verteilungen im Hinblick auf die mechanische Festigkeit und/oder die Dehnung aufweist, wobei die Orientierungsverteilungen der Fasern dahingehend gewählt werden, dass eine für die mechanische Festigkeit oder die Dehnung des Vliesstoffs repräsentative Größe (MD/CD) an allen Punkten der Breite des Vliesstoffs vereinheitlicht wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem ein Faservlies ausgeführt wird und dieses Faservlies insbesondere durch Vernadelung verfestigt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Orientierungsspektrum der Fasern (430, 431, 432) eine Komponente parallel zur Breite des Vlieses vor der Vernadelung bezogen auf eine Längskomponente in zwei Randregionen des Vlieses größer als in einer mittleren Region des Vlieses ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem eine Krempel (1) mindestens einen Flor (421, 422) bereitstellt, der in aufeinander folgenden im Wesentlichen quer verlaufenden Segmenten, die sich überlappen, übereinandergelegt wird, um in einem Vliesleger (2) ein Vlies (430, 431, 432) zu bilden, das anschließend eine Verfestigungsbehandlung (3) erfährt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dynamische Einstellung die Orientierung der Fasern in aufeinander folgenden Regionen (VB, VC) der Länge des Flors (421) beeinflusst.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dynamische Einstellung einen Stauchgrad des Flors (421) beeinflusst.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dynamische Einstellung, welche die Stauchung beeinflusst, mindestens teilweise eine Einstellung der relativen Geschwindigkeiten von mindestens zwei drehenden Bauteilen (12 bis 17) der Krempel, die zur Herstellung oder zum Transport des Flors (421) beitragen, in Bezug aufeinander ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die relativen Geschwindigkeiten die eines Abzugs (16) und eines Abnehmers (13) der Krempel sind.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die relativen Geschwindigkeiten die einer Stauchwalze (15; 14) und einer weiteren Stauchwalze (14) oder eines Abnehmers (13) der Krempel sind.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die relativen Geschwindigkeiten die eines Abzugs (16) und einer Stauchwalze (15, 15) der Krempel sind.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die dynamische Einstellung auf die Verlagerung (M21, M22) mindestens eines Wagens (21, 22) des Vlieslegers (2) entlang einer im Wesentlichen quer zum Vlies verlaufenden Richtung auswirkt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dynamische Einstellung das Verhältnis zwischen einer Geschwindigkeit, mit der das Vlies aus dem Vliesleger ausläuft, und einer Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich ein Ablegepunkt des Flors (422) auf dem sich bildenden Vlies im Vliesleger (2) entlang der Breite des Vlieses fortbewegt, beeinflusst.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine dynamische Einstellung eine Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit eines Auslauftisches (28) des Vlieslegers (2) beeinflusst, der mit einem Faserflor gespeist wird, der eine anisotrope Orientierungsverteilung aufweist, bevorzugt mit Längspräponderenz bezogen auf den Flor.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verfestigungsschritt eine mechanische Vernadelung und/oder eine thermische, chemische und/oder Wasserstrahlbindung umfasst.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dynamische Einstellung zu einem Regelkreis gehört, der ferner Messmittel (31) zum Messen mindestens einer physikalischen Größe bezüglich des Bandes und Steuerungsmittel zum Ändern der dynamischen Einstellung in Abhängigkeit von der gemessenen physikalischen Größe umfasst.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gemessene physikalische Größe der Einsprung in der Breite (dc) ist, den das Band während des Verfestigungsprozesses erfährt.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die physikalische Größe auf die Orientierungsverteilung bezieht.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sich auf die Orientierungsverteilung beziehende physikalische Größe durch Bildanalyse bestimmt wird.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zweifache Regelung vorgenommen wird, zum einen die vorgenannte Regelung, welche die Orientierungsverteilungen der Fasern beeinflusst, und zum anderen eine Regelung am Flächengewicht des Bandes an verschiedenen Punkten seiner Breite, indem eine zweite dynamische Einstellung beeinflusst wird, die im Wesentlichen ohne Wirkung auf die Orientierung der Fasern ist.
  18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das Flächengewicht des Bandes an verschiedenen Punkten seiner Breite durch eine zweite dynamische Einstellung beeinflusst, die im Wesentlichen ohne Wirkung auf die Orientierung der Fasern ist.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die zweite dynamische Einstellung auf die von einem Krempelabnehmer gesammelte Fasermenge auswirkt.
  20. Anlage zur Herstellung von Vliesstoffen, umfassend:
    - eine Krempel (1), die mindestens einen Faserflor (421, 422) bereitstellt;
    - einen Vliesleger (2), der den Flor in aufeinander folgenden Quersegmenten auf einem Auslauftisch (28) anordnet, um ein Vlies (431, 432) zu bilden;
    - eine Verfestigungsmaschine wie eine Nadelmaschine (3) oder eine Einrichtung zur thermischen, chemischen oder Wasserstrahlbindung stromab des Auslauftisches (28);
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner Orientierungsmittel umfasst, um die Orientierungsverteilung der Fasern in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Position entlang der Breite des Vlieses bei einem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19 zu beeinflussen.
  21. Anlage nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Orientierungsmittel Mittel umfassen, um eine Stauchrate stromauf des Vlieslegers anzupassen.
  22. Anlage nach Anspruch 20 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner Gewichtsanpassungsmittel umfasst, um gezielt das lokale Flächengewicht des Vlieses an verschiedenen Punkten seiner Breite zu beeinflussen, wobei die Gewichtsanpassungsmittel im Wesentlichen ohne Wirkung auf die Orientierung der Fasern sind.
  23. Anlage nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gewichtsanpassungsmittel Mittel zum Anpassen der Fasermenge umfassen, die von einem Abnehmer (13) der Krempel (1) an einem Tambour (12) der Krempel entnommen werden.
  24. Anlage nach Anspruch 22 oder 23, gekennzeichnet durch Detektionsmittel (41), um mindestens indirekt die Flächengewichte des Vlieses an verschiedenen Stellen seiner Breite zu detektieren und um die Gewichtsanpassungsmittel in Abhängigkeit vom Ergebnis dieser Detektion zu steuern.
  25. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 20 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Detektionsmittel, insbesondere die des Anspruchs 25, mindestens indirekt die Breite des verfestigten Vlieses detektieren und die Anlage Mittel zum Steuern der Orientierungsmittel in Abhängigkeit von der detektierten Breite umfasst.
  26. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 20 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Bildanalysemittel umfasst, um die Orientierungsverteilung der Fasern des Vlieses zu detektieren, wobei die Orientierungsmittel in Abhängigkeit vom Ergebnis dieser Analyse gesteuert werden.
EP07150195.1A 2006-12-22 2007-12-20 Verfahren zur Einstellung der lokalen Eigenschaften eines Vliesstoffs und entsprechende Anlage Revoked EP1936016B1 (de)

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FR0611238A FR2910496B1 (fr) 2006-12-22 2006-12-22 Procede de reglage des caracteristiques locales d'un non-tisse, et installation de production s'y rapportant.

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ITFI20110169A1 (it) * 2011-08-05 2013-02-06 Trafi S R L Dispositivo per la produzione di veli per tessuto-non-tessuto, processo per la loro produzione e veli e tessuto-non-tessuto così ottenuti.
DE102012008931B4 (de) * 2012-05-04 2014-08-21 Trützschler GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Einstellung der Faserorientierung an Krempelanlagen
DE202012102597U1 (de) * 2012-07-13 2013-10-14 Hi Tech Textile Holding Gmbh Vliesleger
ES2568023T3 (es) * 2013-09-02 2016-04-27 Karl Mayer Technische Textilien Gmbh Procedimiento y dispositivo para producir un tejido no tejido
EP2918719B1 (de) * 2014-03-13 2016-09-14 Oskar Dilo Maschinenfabrik KG Verfahren zur Homogenisierung des Einstichbildes bei einem vernadelten Vlies
FR3026112B1 (fr) * 2014-09-22 2017-06-23 Andritz Asselin Thibeau Installation de consolidation, notamment par aiguilletage, d'une nappe de fibres
DE102017126753A1 (de) * 2017-11-14 2019-05-29 Autefa Solutions Germany Gmbh Überwachungstechnik für Vliesfabrikationsanlagen
FR3081885B1 (fr) 2018-05-31 2020-09-11 Andritz Asselin Thibeau Systeme de formation d’une nappe de fibres
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EP0315930A2 (de) 1987-11-10 1989-05-17 AUTEFA Holding GmbH Vliesleger
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EP1936016A3 (de) 2009-04-29
FR2910496B1 (fr) 2009-03-13
US20090217498A1 (en) 2009-09-03
FR2910496A1 (fr) 2008-06-27
US8381375B2 (en) 2013-02-26

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