Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
  • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
  • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
  • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
  • B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
  • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
  • B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
  • C22C1/11—Making amorphous alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
  • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
  • C22C45/02—Amorphous alloys with iron as the major constituent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
  • C22C45/04—Amorphous alloys with nickel or cobalt as the major constituent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
  • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
  • F28F21/089—Coatings, claddings or bonding layers made from metals or metal alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
  • C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
  • Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component

Definitions

• the invention relates to an iron-nickel-based brazing foil and to a method for brazing two or more metal parts.
• Iron-based brazing alloys are known, for example, from US Pat. No. 4,402,742. Iron-based brazing alloys have the advantage that they are less expensive than nickel-based brazing alloys, since the raw material costs are lower. Furthermore, connections between iron alloys can be made reliably since the composition of the solder seam adapts more accurately to the composition of the connected parts.
• the known iron-based brazing alloys are crystalline and made as a powder and as a paste. Powders are typically made by melt atomization. Pastes are made by mixing the metal powders with organic binders and solvents. They thus have the disadvantages that the decomposition of the organic constituents, which takes place during heating to the soldering temperature, can negatively influence the flow and wetting properties of the molten solder.
• the braze alloy should be produced as a rapidly solidified film in a wide thickness and width spectrum, so that it meets the technical requirements of various applications.
• this object is achieved by an amorphous, ductile brazing foil with a composition consisting essentially of
• the brazing foils according to the invention are thus inexpensive and are suitable for industrial use. trielle application.
• the brazing foil preferably has a Ni content of 30 ⁇ b ⁇ 45 atom%.
• the chromium content provides good corrosion resistance so that the braze joint can also be used in operation in corrosive media.
• the ductility is degraded with increasing chromium content.
• a chromium content of 5 to 15 atomic% can be added without a significant deterioration of the ductility occurring.
• composition of the brazing alloy according to the invention is also chosen so that the alloy can be produced as a ductile amorphous film.
• the film is made by rapid solidification techniques.
• the elements boron, silicon and phosphorus are metalloids and glass-forming elements. A higher content of these elements leads to a reduction of the melting or. Liguidustempera- ture. On the one hand, if the content of the glass-forming elements is too low, the films solidify in crystalline form and the films are very brittle. On the other hand, if the content of the glass-forming elements is too high, the foils are brittle at very thin strip thicknesses and can not be processed for technical processes.
• the content of the metalloids is selected so that the solder seam made of the brazing foil has suitable mechanical properties.
• a high B-content leads to the precipitation of B-hard phases in the solder seam and in the base material, which leads to a deterioration of the mechanical properties. properties of the solder joint. Boron reacts with chromium, which also leads to a significant reduction in corrosion resistance.
• a higher Si content also leads to the formation of undesirable Si hard phases in the solder seam, which also causes a deterioration in the strength of the solder seam.
• the brazing foil has a composition, wherein the glass-forming elements have a total content of 10 to 28 atomic% of the alloy.
• Brazing foils with such a composition can be prepared by rapid solidification as ductile amorphous foils.
• the B content is between 4 and 15 atom%, preferably between 4 and 12 atom%, and the Si content is 4-15 atom%, preferably between 5 and 13 atomic%.
• the brazing sheet of the invention has a Liquidustempera- ture of less than 1200 0 C. This is desirable because the maximum soldering temperature is limited for many industrial soldering processes in particular for joining stainless steel base materials to about 1200 0 C. In general, as low as possible soldering temperature is desired, since from a temperature of 1000 0 C, an undesirable coarse grain formation of the base material occurs. This undesirable coarse grain formation leads to a lowering of the mechanical strength of the base material, which is critical for some technical applications such as heat exchangers. This problem is significantly reduced in the brazing foils according to the invention. It is found that at a nickel content of 25 to 50 atom% and an Fe content of 25 to 50 atom%, the melting temperature is less than 1200 0 C. The content of the glass-forming elements can be reduced due to the nickel content. The disadvantages of the formation of B and Si hard phases can thus be avoided since the metalloid content can be reduced.
• brazing foils according to the invention can be reliably used for industrial applications whose Maximallöttemperatur is limited to 1200 0C.
• a reliable braze joint is provided.
• the braze alloys according to the invention are provided as a homogeneous, ductile, amorphous brazing foil which is typically 50% amorphous, preferably more than 80% amorphous.
• the brazing foils according to the invention have an excellent flow and wetting behavior, so that filled fillet welds and faultless joints can be reliably produced.
• the mechanical stability of the braze joint is thereby ensured and the number of applications in which the brazing foils according to the invention can be used is increased.
• the brazing foils according to the invention can be produced in significantly thicker strip thicknesses and larger widths than ductile foils.
• the brazing alloys according to the invention are thus outstandingly suitable with thicknesses of more than 30 ⁇ m, preferably 40 ⁇ m ⁇ D ⁇ 80 ⁇ m and with widths of more than 40 mm or of 20 mm ⁇ B ⁇ 300 mm, which was very limited in the alloys known from the prior art.
• brazing foils according to the invention with a nickel content of more than 25 atom% show more favorable ductility limits in comparison to brazing alloys with a nickel content of less than 20 atom%.
• Thicker, ductile brazing foils can be realized and the foil thus fully meets all the technical requirements of a large number of applications.
• Brazing alloys according to the invention can produce tape thicknesses in the range of at least 30 ⁇ m, which are required in a variety of technical applications.
• the invention also provides a heat exchanger.
• Heat exchanger has at least one solder seam made with a solder foil having a composition consisting essentially of
• the solder seam is made from an amorphous ductile brazing foil.
• the Ni content is in the range of 30 ⁇ b ⁇ 45 atom%.
• the heat exchanger may comprise a brazing seam made of an amorphous ductile brazing foil according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
• the solder seam made of an amorphous ductile brazing foil differs from a brazing seam which is produced by means of crystalline powder. was made by the size of the B and Si hard phases.
• the invention also provides a method for materially joining two or more metal parts, which has the following steps.
• An amorphous ductile brazing foil according to one of the previous embodiments is introduced between two or more metal parts to be joined.
• the metal parts to be joined have a higher melting temperature than the hard solder foil and can, for example, have a stainless steel, a nickel or a Co alloy.
• the solder composite is heated to a temperature above the Liguidustemperatur the brazing foil and cooled to form a braze joint between the metal parts to be joined.
• the metal parts to be joined are preferably parts of a heat exchanger or exhaust gas recirculation cooler or a fuel cell. These products require a reliable solder bond that is completely leak-proof, corrosion-resistant at higher operating temperatures, mechanically stable and therefore reliable.
• the brazing foils of the invention provide such a compound.
• the brazing foil according to the invention can be used for producing one or more soldered seams in an article.
• the brazed article may be used, for example, as a heat exchanger, exhaust gas recirculation cooler or fuel cell.
• the brazing alloys according to the invention are manufactured as fast, amorphous, homogeneous and ductile brazing foils by means of rapid solidification. This is a molten metal through a casting nozzle sprayed on at least one rapidly rotating casting wheel or a casting drum and cooled at a cooling rate of more than 10 5 ° C / sec. The cast strip is then typically removed with a temperature between 100 0 C and 300 0 C by the casting wheel and wound up directly to a so-called coil or on a bobbin.
• amorphous brazing foils according to the invention are used for materially joining two or more metal parts, the following steps being carried out:
• the cohesive joining described in this way represents brazing with the iron-nickel brazing alloy according to the invention, with which perfect braze joints can be achieved without joining errors.
• the liquidus temperature of the brazing alloys according to the invention is less than 1200 0 C 0 C.
• the soldering process according to the invention can in particular metal parts made of stainless steel and / or nickel and / or Co alloys add cohesively. Parts typically come into consideration which are installed to heat exchangers or related products (eg exhaust gas recirculation coolers).
• the molten brazing foils then wet the metal parts to be joined and completely fill the brazing seam due to the composition according to the invention, so that no joining errors occur.
• Table 1 shows the solidus and liquidus temperatures of Fe-Ni brazing foils with different Ni content and metalloid content.
• the Hartlotfolien with the serial numbers 1 to 5 are not part of the invention whereas the brazing foils with the serial numbers 6 to 14 are brazing foils according to the present invention.
• the processing and thus soldering temperature of such solder foils is typically 10 to 50 0 C above the liquidity dustemperatur.
• Fe-Ni solder foils having a Ni content of less than 25 atomic% partially exhibit a heat-softening property well above 1200 0 C.
• For Fe-Ni solder foils with a Ni content of less than 25 atomic% thus resulting processing temperatures well above 1200 0 C. This processing temperatures are unacceptable because these temperatures fertil to Grobkornbil- and damage to the base material of the lead to parts to be joined.
• the Fe-Ni brazing alloys with a higher Ni content of 25 or 40 atom% have a Liigidustemperatur below the permitted in industrial technology maximum temperature of 1200 0 C. The processing temperature is thus below 1200 0 C and is acceptable.
• These alloys can also be produced as amorphous ductile foils with a strip thickness of more than 30 ⁇ m and thus fulfill the requirements of industrial applications.
• a solder seam was made with a ductile amorphous brazing foil having a composition of Fe32-Ni-40 ⁇ Crl0-Si9-B9.
• the soldering conditions of 119O 0 C for 30 min were used.
• the solder flowed, wetted the base material and formed an ideally filled fillet weld.
• the solder seam shows no defects in the form of binding defects.
• a brazing seam was made with an amorphous brazing foil having a composition of Fe62-NilO-Cr10-Si5-Bll.
• the soldering conditions of 124O 0 C for 30 min were used.
• the lot shows very poor flow and wetting properties, so that the solder seam is not completely filled with solder.
• the connection shows massive binding errors. A reliable connection is not guaranteed.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-08-22 DE DE102005039803A patent/DE102005039803A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2006
  • 2006-07-18 WO PCT/DE2006/001242 patent/WO2007022740A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2006-07-18 CN CN2006800393907A patent/CN101291775B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-07-18 EP EP06761819A patent/EP1917120A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2006-07-18 US US11/990,785 patent/US20090130483A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-07-18 KR KR1020087006740A patent/KR20080043365A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2013
  • 2013-02-06 US US13/760,400 patent/US20130333810A9/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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