EP1911134B1 - Funkenstrecke - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1911134B1
EP1911134B1 EP06761836A EP06761836A EP1911134B1 EP 1911134 B1 EP1911134 B1 EP 1911134B1 EP 06761836 A EP06761836 A EP 06761836A EP 06761836 A EP06761836 A EP 06761836A EP 1911134 B1 EP1911134 B1 EP 1911134B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
spark gap
electrodes
insulator
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06761836A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1911134A1 (de
Inventor
Jürgen Boy
Winfried VÖLKNER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
Epcos AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Epcos AG filed Critical Epcos AG
Publication of EP1911134A1 publication Critical patent/EP1911134A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1911134B1 publication Critical patent/EP1911134B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark gap, in particular for the protection of supply lines or AC networks against lightning.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved spark gap, especially in a compact design, with stable connection electrodes with good leadership properties, which is suitable for high current loads.
  • a spark gap with a cavity which is comprised of two terminal electrodes and an electrical insulator arranged therebetween.
  • the spark gap points a protruding into a tube electrode pin electrode and cavity-side indentations or bulges of the terminal electrodes and a guide of the terminal electrodes by means of beads on the inner wall of the insulator.
  • This embodiment has an extremely compact construction of the spark gap with excellent overall properties.
  • the terminal electrodes terminate the insulator at the end and together with the latter form the cavity. From the respective edge-side transition region of the connection electrodes to the insulator, bulges of the connection electrodes extend into the cavity.
  • the beads in the bulges also allow a precise and secure guidance of the terminal electrodes on the inner wall of the insulator.
  • the connection electrodes and the insulator can therefore be adjusted very precisely to each other even in a miniaturized spark gap during assembly. It is even possible to connect the terminal electrodes self-aligned with each other with the insulator.
  • a spark gap is provided with a cavity which is comprised of two connection electrodes and an electrical insulator arranged therebetween.
  • the spark gap has a stylus projecting into a tube electrode and stiffening electrodes, which are each connected to one of the terminal electrodes.
  • the terminal electrodes are thin and made of a highly conductive material.
  • the terminal electrodes have a low heat capacity.
  • the material combination of pin or tube electrode, connection electrode, stiffening electrode and possibly externally connected connection pin enables optimization of the spark gap with regard to its compactness as well as electrical, thermal and mechanical properties.
  • the shapes of the terminal electrodes and the stiffening electrodes are preferably matched to each other. As a result, both a stable outer electrode and a good heat dissipation in the discharge case is possible.
  • the stiffening electrodes ensure the stability and integrity of the spark gap, especially if the stiffening electrodes are made of a harder material than the terminal electrodes.
  • the pin electrode as the first electrode and the tube electrode as the second electrode are arranged in the cavity of the insulator.
  • the first and second electrodes protrude into each other and are spatially separated.
  • the second electrode lies between the insulator and the first electrode and is spatially separated from both. This results in a simple realized nested arrangement.
  • the pin electrode is considered to be any type of electrode which has a pen-like or rod-like appearance according to its external appearance. This includes pipes with at least one frontal flange. Likewise, a tube electrode has a closed or partially interrupted tube shape. In the following, the terms first electrode and pin electrode and second electrode and tube electrode are used interchangeably.
  • the pin electrode preferably engages the tube electrode such that the inner wall of the insulator surrounding the electrodes, which is preferably tubular, is partially shaded by the pin electrode by the tube electrode.
  • a shading of the insulator of the pin-shaped electrode by means of the tubular electrode allows the ignition of the spark gap advantageously compliance the structural integrity of the insulator and optionally applied thereon ignition aids, such as graphite, and the stability of the insulating property of the insulator.
  • the interior of the spark gap is preferably filled with gas, in particular a gas mixture containing noble gas.
  • gas in particular a gas mixture containing noble gas.
  • the ends of one or both electrodes are chamfered in the discharge space. It is preferred that the ends have rounded or smoothed outer surfaces, so that local electric Feldüberhöhungen be avoided.
  • At least one of the electrodes has an activation mass.
  • the activation mass With the activation mass, a higher AC load capacity of the spark gap can be ensured. This is particularly possible if the activation mass is arranged on the free end of the pin electrode and / or on the bottom of the pipe electrode.
  • each a connection electrode allows electrical connection of the spark gap to the outside.
  • one connection electrode is connected to the pin or tube electrode. The contacting of the electrodes is carried out so that each electrode is on the one hand exactly positioned and on the other hand the occurring currents can be safely dissipated.
  • the connecting electrodes can completely cover the front sides of the insulator.
  • FIG. 1 shows a spark gap, in particular as a high-current spark gap, which contains a tubular insulator 2, in particular made of ceramic.
  • the spark gap has connection electrodes 7a and 7b.
  • the terminal electrodes have cavity-side bulges, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1 cup-shaped. They serve alone or, as in FIG. 1 shown in conjunction with stiffening electrodes 12a, 12b, inter alia for electrical connection to the network to be protected.
  • a filled with gas preferably a gas mixture with inert gas, sealed outward cavity 3.
  • a first electrode 4 and a second electrode 5 are arranged, each attached to one of the terminal electrodes 7a and 7b and are electrically connected thereto.
  • the first electrode 4, shown as a partial section, is preferably pin-shaped and the second electrode 5 is preferably tubular.
  • the spark gap preferably has a height and a diameter of between 25 mm to 35 mm, in particular 30 mm.
  • the arrangement of the pin and tube electrodes is chosen so that the pin electrode 4 protrudes partially with its free end into the tube electrode 5 or inserted. As a result, the tube electrode 5 partially overlaps the pin electrode 4 and shadows the pin electrode in this area from the inner wall of the insulator. This arrangement forms a nested geometry.
  • the pin electrode and the tube electrode are preferably concentrically positioned in their nested region so that there is a space 8 between the peripheral surface of the pin electrode and the inner surface of the tube electrode.
  • the space 8 serves as a primary electrical discharge space, with secondary discharges also taking place in other spaces between the first and second electrodes 4 and 5.
  • the pin and the tube electrode each have free ends lying in the cavity.
  • the respective other end of the pin or tube electrode is firmly connected to a connection electrode 7a or 7b, in particular by means of a hypereutectic brazing.
  • edges 4a and 5a preferably of all ends of the electrodes are chamfered or rounded off, thus avoiding excesses of the electric fields at these edges.
  • a more uniform current discharge in the cavity 3, in particular in the discharge space 8 is achieved.
  • locally highly concentrated electromagnetic fields and thus the formation of accompanying temperature peaks are avoided.
  • the current load for the pin and the tube electrode is reduced.
  • Non-chamfered electrodes can cause impermissibly high current densities at the edges of the electrodes, which can lead to unwanted melting of the electrodes.
  • the preferred materials of the pin electrode and the tube electrode are copper, iron or a tungsten-copper mixture or at least portions of these materials.
  • the Electrodes may also contain different materials relative to each other, such as a tungsten-copper stud electrode and a copper rod electrode. In this case, the expensive tungsten copper has the lowest burnup at surge current loads, so that this material is also preferred for both electrodes. Electrodes of iron or copper show a higher burnup, but are cheaper and therefore also advantageous.
  • the interleaved construction of the first and second electrodes 4 and 5 allows materials which are unsuitable for a reliable ceramic-metal compound per se, such as iron or tungsten-copper, to be used in the discharge region.
  • a suitable ceramic for the insulator 2 is alumina (Al 2 O 3 ).
  • the insulator is dimensioned with a wall thickness of 4 mm to 6 mm, but preferably with a wall thickness of 5 mm, to safely master the enormous pressure wave during a surge discharge in the interior of the spark gap, without the insulator bursting or cracking.
  • one or more graphite-containing ignition marks are applied, which ensure above all the good dynamic ignition behavior (eg ignition at ⁇ 1500 V with a rise time of 5 kV / ⁇ sec). Furthermore, such stable characteristic values, such as, for example, ignition voltage and insulation resistance, are ensured. Due to the shading effect of the pipe electrode, the ignition strips are effectively protected against burning.
  • the ceramic-metal compound is preferably made by FeNi alloy or copper.
  • the pin and the tube electrode are made of current-resistant materials and fixed to the connection electrode, for example, welded or brazed. Therefore, the terminal electrode contains a material that can be connected well with the material of the pin and tube electrode as well as with that of the insulator.
  • Composite electrodes each of first and second electrode, terminal electrode and, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1 , Stiffening electrode with their respective optimized materials and shapes contribute significantly to a mechanical and electrical optimization of the spark gap.
  • the pin electrode and / or the tube electrode are provided with an activation mass to a high. Safely handle AC load. It is according to FIG. 1 an activation mass is disposed on the free end of the pin electrode. It is also possible to apply an activation mass between the walls of the tubular electrode 5 to the inside of the connecting electrode 7b connected to the tubular electrode, that is to say to the bottom of the tubular electrode.
  • the activation compound is preferably a silicate coating, which is applied in recesses at the free end 4a of the inner pin electrode, for example in the form of a wafer pattern.
  • connection electrodes 7a and 7b are particularly preferably made of copper. They have at the periphery a plurality, preferably six beads 11. These lead the terminal electrodes within the ceramic tube 2 precisely and safely, without the terminal electrodes must be completely against the entire ceramic inner wall. Each terminal electrode is mechanically or electrically connected to either the pin or tube electrode, e.g. connected by means of a hypereutectic brazing.
  • connection electrodes are made of copper and can in principle be so thick that they correspond to the resulting pressure and thermal loads. Comparatively thin connection electrodes are possible, according to FIG. 1 additional stiffening electrodes 12a and 12b are provided, which in particular contain an iron-nickel alloy. The additional stiffening electrodes 12a, 12b are brazed to the associated terminal electrodes 7a, 7b quasi in sandwich construction and form composite electrodes.
  • the stiffening electrodes may for example be about 1 mm thick.
  • the stiffening electrodes preferably have a form complementary to the terminal electrodes, so that they also have indentations and are adapted to the shape of the terminal electrodes.
  • the stiffening is provided in the case of thin connection electrodes in order to prevent bursting of the spark gap or pressing out of the connection electrodes during a rush current discharge.
  • the stiffening electrodes 12a, 12b may be omitted if the terminal electrodes are correspondingly boosted, eg to 1 mm, see also FIG. 4 . In this case, it is preferable to choose copper or an FeNi alloy coppered before assembly as the electrode material. During the execution, the reliability of the gas-tight ceramic-metal connection must be maintained.
  • the interior 3 of the spark gap is filled with a gas mixture, which preferably contains an argon content of about 35 to 95%, a hydrogen content of 5 to 20% and a neon content of up to 40%. This achieves a dynamic ignition voltage and a safe extinguishing behavior.
  • a gas mixture which preferably contains an argon content of about 35 to 95%, a hydrogen content of 5 to 20% and a neon content of up to 40%. This achieves a dynamic ignition voltage and a safe extinguishing behavior.
  • this gas mixture can be set at a distance of 2 mm between the pin and the tube electrode or the width of the discharge chamber 8, a static ignition voltage of about 600 V safely.
  • Discharge through the spark gap typically proceeds as follows.
  • the current flows from the stiffening electrode 12a and the terminal electrode 7a to the pin electrode 4, via the spark discharge of the discharge space 8 to the tube electrode 5 and to the terminal electrode 7b. It leaves the spark gap at the stiffening electrode 12b to be further derived there, for example by means of an external line.
  • the surge current discharge takes place mainly in a radial manner, wherein the insulator 2 is largely shielded from the pin electrode by means of the tube electrode.
  • a current flow in the reverse direction is also possible, with current flowing through the electrodes 12b, 7b into the tube electrode 5 flows, from there via the discharge space 8 to the pin electrode 4 and finally to the electrodes 7a and 12a.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a spark gap according to the Tecknik.
  • a pin electrode 24 and a tube electrode 25 which are nested and define the main discharge space 28 extend.
  • an activation mass 26 is attached, for example in a waffle-like surface structure.
  • the inner wall of the insulator carries applied Zündstriche 29.
  • Sandwich-like stiffening electrodes 27c and 27d are fixedly connected to the terminal electrodes 27a and 27b, for example by soldering. With regard to the choice of materials and the choice of gases to avoid repetition on the versions FIG. 1 directed.
  • the embodiment leads to an extremely compact design with excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties.
  • the execution according to FIG. 2 differs from the structure according to FIG. 1 on the one hand by an even lower overall height.
  • the terminal and stiffening electrodes are flat and have no cavity-side protrusions.
  • the structure with a height of 10 mm is extremely compact, the diameter of, for example, 30 mm of the FIG. 1 equivalent.
  • This construction is suitable for switching several, in particular 3 or 4, spark gaps electrically in series.
  • a lowered ignition voltage of about 200 V is ensured with a gas mixture of neon-argon-hydrogen (Ne / Ar / H 2 ) in a ratio of 89/11/10 and an electrode gap 8 of 1 mm.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention with a spark gap 30.
  • a pin electrode 34 and a tube electrode 35 which are nested and nested Define main discharge space 38.
  • an activation mass 36 is applied, for example in a waffle-like surface structure.
  • the inner wall of the insulator carries applied ignition strips 39, which are largely shadowed by the tube electrode 35 from the pin electrode 34.
  • the terminal electrodes 37a, 37b on the end faces of the cylindrical insulator 32 have on the outer edge of the cavity 33 annular bulges 31, wherein a series of beads in the bulges of the terminal electrodes takes the lead.
  • the tube electrode 35 is welded or soldered to the bulge of the terminal electrode 37b, while the pin electrode 34 is welded or soldered thereto in the central area of the terminal electrode 37a.
  • Sandwich-like are with the terminal electrodes 37a and 37b Stiffening electrodes 40a and 40b firmly connected, eg welded or soldered. Possibly.
  • Connecting bolts are preferably arranged in the bulges of the stiffening electrodes 40a, 40b. Regarding the materials and the selection of the gases is to avoid repetition on the versions FIG. 1 directed.
  • the embodiment achieves a very compact design of the spark gap with optimized properties. This allows the electrode materials to be tailored to specific requirements and to prefabricate the complete electrodes. Through the beads a self-adjusting or easy to adjust mounting is possible. Further advantages result in the same way as in the corresponding features of the other figures.
  • FIG. 4 shows a third solution form of the task.
  • the spark gap 50 has a cavity 43 formed by the insulator 42 and the terminal electrodes 47a, 47b.
  • a pin electrode 44 and a tube electrode 45 extend, which are nested and define the discharge space 48.
  • an activation mass 46 is attached, for example in a waffle-like surface structure.
  • an activation mass 19 is attached on the bottom of the tube electrode 45.
  • the inner wall of the insulator carries applied ignition strips 29.
  • the terminal electrodes 47a and 47b have annular bulges 41.
  • the bulges are shaped that a series of beads in the bulges of the terminal electrodes takes the lead.
  • the tube electrode 45 is welded or soldered to the bulge of the terminal electrode 47b, while the pin electrode 44 is welded or soldered thereto in the central area of the terminal electrode 47a.
  • the material thickness of the terminal electrodes is larger and selected so that the pressures and temperatures occurring during a discharge are safely controlled.
  • the embodiment leads to an extremely compact design with excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties.
  • the functionality of the spark gap corresponds to that of FIG. 2 shown spark gap.
  • the embodiments of the invention according to FIGS. 1 . 3 and 4 form the essential solutions of the invention.
  • connection bolts 13a, 13b can either be connected directly to the connection electrodes 7a, 7b or to the stiffening electrodes 12a, 12b, preferably in their respective indentations.
  • the connection can be carried out by soldering or welding.
  • spark gaps described are preferably used for deriving direct lightning currents. They can also be used as a device or separating spark gap for the corrosion protection of gas, water and oil lines. Furthermore they can be used as arresters for network protection in home installations.
  • the spark gaps according to the invention have a very compact design of eg 30 mm diameter and 30 mm height or less. They have AC carrying capacities of, for example, 300 amps for a period of 0.2 seconds and can dissipate lightning currents of up to 200 kiloamps. They are suitable for the load with surge current waves of the normalized curve of 8/20 (rise time 8 ⁇ sec and back half-life 20 ⁇ sec) and 10/350. They also respond quickly, such as at a voltage of less than 1500 volts with a slope of about 5 kV / ⁇ sec before and after current loads. The static ignition voltage is for example between 600 and 900 volts. The spark gaps have a good extinguishing behavior at an alternating voltage of 255 volts, whereby reticule currents in the range of about 100 amperes can be safely extinguished after the first half cycle.

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  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP06761836A 2005-08-02 2006-08-02 Funkenstrecke Active EP1911134B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005036265A DE102005036265A1 (de) 2005-08-02 2005-08-02 Funkenstrecke
PCT/DE2006/001348 WO2007014556A1 (de) 2005-08-02 2006-08-02 Funkenstrecke

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1911134A1 EP1911134A1 (de) 2008-04-16
EP1911134B1 true EP1911134B1 (de) 2012-10-03

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US (1) US8169145B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1911134B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4928549B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN101233659B (ja)
DE (1) DE102005036265A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2007014556A1 (ja)

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US8169145B2 (en) 2012-05-01
CN101233659A (zh) 2008-07-30
WO2007014556A1 (de) 2007-02-08
JP4928549B2 (ja) 2012-05-09
EP1911134A1 (de) 2008-04-16
CN101233659B (zh) 2012-08-08
JP2009503795A (ja) 2009-01-29
DE102005036265A1 (de) 2007-02-08
US20080218082A1 (en) 2008-09-11

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