EP1883064B1 - Instrument de musique doté d'un accordeur - Google Patents

Instrument de musique doté d'un accordeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1883064B1
EP1883064B1 EP07014781.4A EP07014781A EP1883064B1 EP 1883064 B1 EP1883064 B1 EP 1883064B1 EP 07014781 A EP07014781 A EP 07014781A EP 1883064 B1 EP1883064 B1 EP 1883064B1
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Prior art keywords
profile
sound
acoustic transducer
frequency response
sound transducer
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EP07014781.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1883064A1 (fr
Inventor
Christoph Kemper
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KEMPER, CHRISTOPH
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/06—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/031—Musical analysis, i.e. isolation, extraction or identification of musical elements or musical parameters from a raw acoustic signal or from an encoded audio signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
    • G10H2250/131—Mathematical functions for musical analysis, processing, synthesis or composition
    • G10H2250/215—Transforms, i.e. mathematical transforms into domains appropriate for musical signal processing, coding or compression
    • G10H2250/235—Fourier transform; Discrete Fourier Transform [DFT]; Fast Fourier Transform [FFT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
    • G10H2250/471—General musical sound synthesis principles, i.e. sound category-independent synthesis methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sound transducer, which transforms an excitation signal generated by at least one resonator into a sound signal, and in which the sound transducer is provided with an adjustable oscillation profile, wherein at least one profile parameter is defined by a reference profile of a reference instrument, and a corresponding method for adaptation a sound transducer.
  • the sound production of a musical instrument is usually done by the interaction of three individual components. Initially, an excitation takes place, with which an excitation energy is entered into the instrument. This can be for example the bow of a violin, the hammer of a piano or the mouthpiece and the leaflet of a saxophone. Another component concerns the presence of one or more resonators which determine the fundamental frequency of the individual tones.
  • the resonators can have constant or variable properties. Resonators are, for example, the strings of a violin or a guitar or the variable air column of a saxophone.
  • the excitation energy introduced into the resonator, together with the exciting element and the resonator, leads to the generation of sound.
  • a third component acts on the sound generator with a sound transducer or sound box, which transforms the vibration energy provided by the instrument in sound level in the surrounding air and the vibration energy transported thereby the highest possible efficiency of the instrument in the air.
  • resonant bodies are for example the body of a violin, the funnel of a saxophone, the pickup of an electric guitar or the loudspeaker of a guitar amplifier.
  • the sounder or sounder typically represents an acoustic or electroacoustic impedance transducer and is typically designed to achieve a high perceived loudness of the instrument.
  • the sound transducer or resonator fulfills the task of shaping the frequency spectrum of the instrument, thereby producing a pleasant and characterful sound of the instrument.
  • the tonal character influenced by the resonant body essentially determines the perceived quality of a musical instrument and thus also the quality of a musical lecture.
  • the acoustic properties of the transducer are determined both by its geometry and by the materials used.
  • the individual sound character of an instrument is determined by the so-called formants.
  • formants are narrowband increases in the frequency spectrum and usually independent of the pitch played.
  • the human ear responds very sensitively based on a pattern recognition on these formants, so that even musically untrained people, for example, can easily distinguish the sound of a violin from the sound of a viola, although the instruments differ essentially only by the size of your body.
  • the US 2005/0045027 A1 describes a variable memory for frequency responses to be generated to match the sound of a musical instrument to other given instruments. Corresponding stored frequency responses are retrieved and processed as part of a control.
  • the US B1-6,504,935 illustrates a method for analyzing and replicating nonlinearity according to a given nonlinearity.
  • the object of the present invention is to design a sound transducer such that the generation of a predetermined sound image is supported, and to provide a method for adapting a sound transducer to a given sound image.
  • the sound transducer By designing the sound transducer with an adjustable vibration profile and by the parameterization of this vibration profile as a function of the reference profile of a reference instrument, it is possible to model the reference profile of any reference instrument to be selected. It is thus possible to approximate the sound image of the sound transducer largely to the sound image of the reference instrument. In particular, it is also possible to produce a large number of sound transducers with the same sound patterns determined by the reference profile of the reference instrument. In particular, it is thought that the sound transducer generates a sound signal as a sound transducer.
  • a realization of the sound transducer is typically such that the sound transducer is designed as a sound box.
  • the sound transducer is designed as an acoustic sound box.
  • the sound transducer is formed as an electroacoustic sounding body.
  • the reference profile is determined by mean value formation taking place during a predefinable time interval.
  • a meaningful storage of a sound image can take place in that the reference profile is defined by the frequency response of the reference instrument.
  • the reference profile defines a statistical distribution of pitches and volumes.
  • Immediate detection of a reference profile can take place in that the reference profile is defined by evaluation of music played at the time of evaluation.
  • An objective presence of the reference instrument can be dispensed with by defining the reference profile by evaluating recorded music.
  • An adaptive frequency response adaptation of the sound transducer is supported by the fact that a measuring device for measuring a frequency response of the sound transducer is coupled to the sound transducer.
  • a concrete realization of the parameterization takes place in that the sound transducer has at least one adaptive element for frequency response adaptation.
  • An exact adaptation of the intrinsic profile to the reference profile can take place in that the sound transducer is designed as part of a control loop for evaluating a difference between the reference profile and an intrinsic profile of the sound transducer.
  • An individual influenceability is achieved in that a parameterization of the sound transducer can be influenced manually.
  • Fig. 1 shows in a schematic block diagram representation the generation, storage and use of a reference profile (1).
  • a reference instrument (2) which is formed from a sound generator (3) and a reference sound transducer (4), a reference sound is generated directly or by using a loudspeaker (5), which is detected by a microphone (6).
  • the microphone (6) is connected to a reference memory (7), which allows storage of the reference profile.
  • the reference memory (7) is coupled to a signal processor (8) which in particular supports a statistical evaluation of the sound image captured by the microphone (6).
  • a detection of the reference profile (1) can for example be such that a sufficiently long musical performance on a specific reference instrument (2) detected and using the signal processing (8) statistically with respect to the characteristic frequency response of the reference instrument (2) and its reference sound transducer (4 ) is evaluated.
  • the signal processing (8) may include averaging.
  • the signal processing (8) not only a frequency response of the reference sound transducer (4) is determined, but it is also the frequency response of Sound production analyzed and recorded.
  • the result of the statistical evaluation is therefore also dependent on the type of musical lecture and in particular on the statistical distribution of the pitches played and their volume.
  • a typical reference profile thus contains for individual frequency components the respective amplitude values or the relative amplitude components over the entire signal amplitude.
  • a quantization of the frequency response is carried out with a sufficiently fine subdivision.
  • the reference instrument Due to the coupling of the microphone (6) to the reference memory (7) or the signal processing (8), it is not necessary for the reference instrument to be physically present during the execution of the signal processing. An audio recording of the sound image of the reference instrument (2) proves to be sufficient. According to one embodiment of the invention, it is also particularly conceivable to deposit a plurality of different reference profiles (1) in the region of the reference memory (7). A user can thus select between several reference profiles (1).
  • the musical instrument (9) a sound generator (10) which is coupled to a sound transducer (11).
  • the sound transducer (11) generates an acoustic signal which is supplied to an environment directly or by using a loudspeaker (12).
  • a current intrinsic profile (13) of the sound transducer (11) is fed to a difference formation (14), which evaluates the reference profile (1) as the second input variable.
  • the output signal provided by the difference formation (14) is supplied to the sound transducer (11), taking into account a gain (15), and here parameterizes its concrete present sound pattern.
  • the sound transducer (11) In the event that the difference formation (14) delivers the value zero as the output signal, the sound transducer (11) has its sound image varied in such a way that the current intrinsic profile is equal to the predetermined reference profile (1).
  • the sound transducer (11) is typically designed such that it has a variable and parameterizable sound image and continuously measures the frequency response of its output signal during the musical performance. The sound transducer (11) thus automatically determines its own profile (13) at the same time to generate the musical lecture.
  • the frequency response adjustment of the musical instrument (9) can be done automatically or interactively with a user.
  • it is possible to carry out a manual influencing of the adaptation process such that the user can interactively control the frequency response adaptation by the nature of his musical presentation.
  • the musician can control the approach to the reference profile (1) by the statistical choice of pitches and volumes.
  • the above explanations on the construction of the sound transducer (11) and the associated functional components in combination with the musical instrument apply in the same way even in a device implementation without assignment to a musical instrument and without simultaneous generation of an acoustic sound signal.
  • the loop provided by the feedback comprises according to the embodiment in FIG Fig. 1 the airway between the speaker (12) and the microphone (6).
  • Fig. 2 Fig. 12 illustrates a process in which the reference profile (1) is generated using an audio recording stored on a cassette (16), for example.
  • the procedure corresponds essentially to the representation in FIG Fig. 1 ,
  • an ear (17) of a user or a listener is shown. It is also possible to use reference profiles (1) stored in a different manner.
  • the sound transducer (11) is an electrical or other output signal generated, which is converted in a further processing step at the same time or offset in time into an acoustic sound signal.
  • the immediate output signal of the sound transducer (11) which is generally referred to as a sound transducer in the following text, is first recorded and transformed into audible sound after a corresponding storage at a later time.
  • the sound transducer (11) can also be realized as a digital or analog circuit whose output signal is fed to an amplifier or directly to a loudspeaker or to a different type of sound generator. In a digital realization of the sound transducer (11), in particular, it is also intended to carry out the signal processing using a Fourier transformation.
  • the sound transducer (11) may be implemented as an adaptive filter. According to the embodiment in FIG Fig. 2 it is not mandatory that an acoustic airway is included as a transmission link in the provided control loop.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment in which the sound generator (10) of the musical instrument (9) supplies its output signal to both the sound transducer (11) and the reference sound transducer (4).
  • the output signal of the sound transducer (11) is in turn fed back via the intrinsic profile (13), the difference formation (14) and an adjustable gain (15).
  • the output signal of the reference sound transducer (4) with the interposition of the reference memory (7) and the signal processing (8) is also performed.
  • the transmission profile of the sound transducer (11) can thereby be adapted to the transmission profile of the reference sound transducer (4). In particular, this can be achieved by adapting a sound converter (11), which has comparatively inexpensive design, with regard to its transmission behavior to the transmission behavior of a high-quality reference sound transducer (4).
  • the adaptation of the transmission behavior of the sound transducer (11) can at a simultaneous supply of the output signal of the tone generator (10) both to the reference sound transducer (4) and to the sound transducer (11), but it is also possible, initially offset in time using the reference sound transducer (4) to store the reference profile (1) and to temporally later process steps adapt an arbitrary number of transducers (11) to the reference profile (1).
  • the method is therefore also suitable for carrying out a series production.
  • the series production can take place both by an individual adaptation made for each device and by using a once determined adaptation profile which is stored and used identically for each device to be adapted.
  • the sound transducer (11) used was preferably explained as a sound transducer.
  • the actual generation of sound and / or the processing of an initially present as a sound signal input signal is not an indispensable part of the invention. Rather, the described transducer is only one embodiment of the sound transducer.
  • the transducer can also be implemented as a speaker, linear or non-linear amplifier, guitar amplifier, processor or audio effect processor. The implementation can be done either analog, digital or partially analog and partially digital. Use as a sound transducer can also find signal processors.
  • the evaluated reference sound profile can be determined acoustically via the already explained reference sound transducer (4), but it is also a purely electronic processing conceivable.
  • evaluating a sound profile of an actual instrument it is possible to evaluate the already mentioned musical lecture on this instrument, but it is also possible to deliberately subject the instrument mechanically or electrically to an excitation function and to analyze the corresponding output signal. It is not necessarily musical sounds generated in the true sense, but the sound production can be done in response to test signals or test suggestions.
  • the sound transducer and the reference sound transducer are not necessarily an inseparable part of a musical instrument and may be stimulated to perform the measurements both with a musical instrument and with a different analytical broadband signal.
  • nonlinearities are often intentional and considered to be part of the sonic nature of the transducer.
  • An example is a guitar amp or a speaker, or a combination of both.
  • the amplifier is often operated in the non-linear range, in which the sound transducer (the loudspeaker) generates distortions in the amplifier output stage due to its high energy consumption.
  • the loudspeaker itself also produces a high harmonic distortion factor because the damping diaphragm suspension gets out of its linear range with large signal deflections.
  • z.T. Historical sound processors such as analog equalizers can be used here. They produce nonlinearities that have a positive effect on the sound in addition to the frequency response change.
  • Typical nonlinearities limit the signal amplitude up or down. This is done more or less gently depending on the characteristic. Small amplitudes remain nearly linear and uncompressed.
  • a nonlinear sound transducer can be broken down into three components: the pure nonlinearity, and the frequency responses before and after this nonlinearity.
  • the input frequency response primarily determines the character of the distortion and intermodulation.
  • the output frequency response generates the characteristic formants of the sound transducer.
  • nonlinearity has no significance and can be neglected.
  • both frequency responses are perceived as a single frequency response.
  • the sound transducer has two separate vibration profiles with an intermediate nonlinearity.
  • the adaptive sound transducer is switched as the described combination of two frequency responses A and B with an intermediate nonlinearity.
  • the frequency response B is controlled such that its own profile corresponds to the reference profile B. This process corresponds exactly to the previously described control loop.
  • the intrinsic profile is additionally influenced by the frequency response A and the nonlinearity.
  • the control loop experiences its second feedback: while frequency response B is controlled, frequency response A is simultaneously modified in such a way that the multiplication of frequency response A and B corresponds to the previously determined frequency response L.
  • frequency response A is controlled inversely: If a spectral component of frequency response B is increased in level, the corresponding spectral component of frequency response A is lowered in the same mass. Thus, the combined serial frequency response L is maintained.
  • Frequency response A also has an influence on the intrinsic profile of the sound transducer, and thus on the control, despite the downstream non-linearity. However, due to the compressive effect of nonlinearity, this influence is less than the influence of frequency response B. This guarantees that the control process is not unstable or indifferent at any point.
  • the character of the intermediate non-linearity has a decisive influence on the dynamic sound behavior of the sound transducer.
  • the present invention relies essentially on a trivial nonlinearity, as occurs throughout nature.
  • the trivial nonlinearity has two fundamental parameters: the quasi-linear gain and the absolute amplitude limit.
  • the combined frequency response L thus corrects the gain in the quasi-linear range.
  • the downstream frequency response B corrects the level of absolute amplitude limitation of the non-linearity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé pour adapter un accordeur à un accordeur de référence, dans lequel l'accordeur présente un premier profil d'oscillation avec une première réponse en fréquences, un second profil d'oscillation avec une seconde réponse en fréquences, et une non-linéarité triviale couplée entre les premier et second profils d'oscillation, et dans lequel l'accordeur possède un profil propre qui correspond à la réponse en fréquences, laquelle résulte de la combinaison entre le premier profil d'oscillation, la non-linéarité triviale, et le second profil d'oscillation, avec les étapes suivantes :
    la détermination d'un premier profil de référence de l'accordeur de référence en cas de niveau d'entrée bas, et d'un second profil de référence de l'accordeur de référence en cas de niveau d'entrée élevé ;
    le réglage des première et secondes réponses en fréquences de l'accordeur de telle sorte que, en cas de niveau d'entrée bas où le profil propre de l'accordeur n'est pas influencé par la non-linéarité, le profil correspond au produit des première et seconde réponses en fréquences,
    le réglage des première et seconde réponses en fréquences de l'accordeur de telle sorte que, en cas de niveau d'entrée élevé où le profil propre de l'accordeur est influencé par la non-linéarité, la différence entre le profil propre de l'accordeur et le second profil de référence est minimisée et que le produit des première et seconde réponses en fréquences correspond toujours au premier profil de référence.
  2. Accordeur, dans lequel l'accordeur présente un premier profil d'oscillation avec une première réponse en fréquences, un second profil d'oscillation avec une seconde réponse en fréquences, et une non-linéarité triviale couplée entre les première et seconde réponses en fréquences,
    dans lequel l'accordeur possède un profil propre qui correspond à la réponse en fréquences, laquelle résulte de la combinaison entre le premier profil d'oscillation, la non-linéarité triviale, et le second profil d'oscillation, et
    dans lequel l'accordeur est adapté conformément au procédé selon la revendication 1.
  3. Accordeur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'accordeur est au moins partiellement réalisé en tant que circuit numérique.
  4. Accordeur selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que l'accordeur présente un dispositif pour l'exécution d'une transformation de Fourier.
  5. Accordeur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'accordeur est réalisé en tant qu'une partie d'un amplificateur numérique de guitare.
EP07014781.4A 2006-07-29 2007-07-27 Instrument de musique doté d'un accordeur Active EP1883064B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006035188A DE102006035188B4 (de) 2006-07-29 2006-07-29 Musikinstrument mit Schallwandler

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1883064A1 EP1883064A1 (fr) 2008-01-30
EP1883064B1 true EP1883064B1 (fr) 2015-12-02

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US (1) US8796530B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1883064B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006035188B4 (fr)

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DE102006035188B4 (de) 2009-12-17
US20080134867A1 (en) 2008-06-12
EP1883064A1 (fr) 2008-01-30
DE102006035188A1 (de) 2008-02-07
US8796530B2 (en) 2014-08-05

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