EP1811062A1 - Metal producing method and producing device by molten salt electrolysis - Google Patents
Metal producing method and producing device by molten salt electrolysis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1811062A1 EP1811062A1 EP05790573A EP05790573A EP1811062A1 EP 1811062 A1 EP1811062 A1 EP 1811062A1 EP 05790573 A EP05790573 A EP 05790573A EP 05790573 A EP05790573 A EP 05790573A EP 1811062 A1 EP1811062 A1 EP 1811062A1
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- Prior art keywords
- metal
- molten
- cathode
- salt
- production
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 95
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001669 calcium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000004434 Calcinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/129—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds by dissociation, e.g. thermic dissociation of titanium tetraiodide, or by electrolysis or with the use of an electric arc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of alkali or alkaline earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
- C25C3/28—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium of titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the production of metal from a chloride thereof, and in particular, relates to a method for producing calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis and to a method for producing metal, including a method for producing titanium metal, by using the calcium metal, and relates to an apparatus therefor.
- titanium metal which is a simple substance
- Kroll method in which titanium tetrachloride is reduced by molten magnesium to obtain sponge titanium
- various kinds of improvements have been made to reduce the cost of production.
- the Kroll method is a batch process in which a set of operations is repeated noncontinuously, there is a limitation to its efficiency.
- a method in which titanium oxide is reduced by calcium metal in molten salt to obtain titanium metal directly see WO99/064638 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
- the calcium metal generated in the molten-salt electrolysis has a tendency to reverse react with chlorine gas generated in the electrolysis reaction to again form calcium chloride.
- production efficiency is deteriorated.
- the present invention has been completed in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis, in which metal calcium used for reducing, such as an oxide or chloride of titanium metal, is produced, and in which titanium metal can be obtained by using this metal calcium efficiently at low cost.
- the method for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis of the present invention is a method for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis which is performed by filling molten salt of calcium chloride in an electrolysis vessel having a anode and a cathode, one electrode (the anode or cathode) is arranged surrounding the other electrode, the cathode has at least one hole communicating the inner area surrounded by the cathode with the outer area, and the molten salt flows through the communicating holes from one area including the anode (the inner area or outer area) to the other area.
- the present invention since one electrode of the positive or cathode is surrounding the other electrode and the molten salt flows from the area including the anode to the other area through the communicating holes arranged on the cathode, the calcium metal generated on the surface of the cathode during the molten salt electrolysis always flows to the area not including the anode, and the calcium metal is precipitated and accumulated at the electrolysis bath surface of the area. Therefore, the back reaction with chlorine gas generated on the surface of anode can be avoided, and calcium metal can be produced at high efficiency.
- the apparatus for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis is an apparatus for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis having a anode and a cathode in a electrolysis vessel, one electrode of the cathode or anode being arranged surrounding the other electrode, the cathode having at least one hole communicating an inner area surrounded by the cathode with an outer area, molten salt of calcium chloride being supplied to the area including the anode, the molten salt of calcium chloride flowing to the other area through the communicating hole, and the molten salt of calcium chloride containing calcium metal generated at the cathode is extracted from the other area.
- a titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe is arranged in the inner area in which calcium metal is generated by molten-salt electrolysis, and titanium tetrachloride in the gas phase is supplied through the titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe to generate titanium metal.
- titanium tetrachloride is supplied to the calcium metal generated in the inner area by molten-salt electrolysis, they are reacted with each other to generate titanium metal. Therefore, it is not necessary that calcium metal be once recovered and be sent to a titanium producing process, and titanium metal can be obtained in the production process of calcium metal.
- the back reaction of calcium metal and chlorine gas generated during the molten-salt electrolysis of calcium chloride can be reduced, and calcium metal can be efficiently produce at low cost. Furthermore, by directly supplying titanium tetrachloride, titanium metal can also be obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, and an electrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride (melting point 780°C) is filled in the vessel.
- the electrolysis bath 2 is heated to a temperature above the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater (not shown) to be maintained in a molten state.
- Reference numeral 3 indicates a anode.
- Reference numeral 4 indicates a cylindrical cathode, which is arranged surrounding the anode 3.
- Plural communicating holes are formed at a lower part of the cathode 4, and the molten salt can be moved between the inner area and the outer area of the cathode. Since the communicating holes are formed at the lower part of the cathode, the upper part of the cathode can function as a division wall.
- a bath supplying pipe 6 is arranged at an inner part of the cathode 4, and calcium chloride which is a raw material of the molten-salt electrolysis is continuously supplied therethrough.
- An extracting pipe 7 is arranged at an upper and outer part of the cathode 4 to extract calcium metal.
- the molten calcium metal which is moved to the outside of the cathode 4 and floats up, and the calcium chloride in which calcium metal is precipitated, are continuously extracted by the extracting pipe 7.
- the molten calcium metal and the calcium chloride having precipitated calcium metal are both extracted and can be used in a reduction reaction of titanium oxide or titanium chloride using molten salt, for example.
- chlorine gas is generated at the surface of the anode 3 and is emitted out of the system.
- the chlorine gas can be used in a chlorination reaction of titanium ore or the like.
- Fig. 2 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, and an electrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride (melting point 780°C) is filled in the vessel.
- the electrolysis bath 2 is heated to a temperature above the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater, which is not shown, so as to be maintained in a molten state.
- Reference numeral 3 indicates a anode which is unified with the electrolysis vessel.
- Reference numeral 4 is a cylindrical cathode, and it is immersed at the central part of the electrolysis vessel 1.
- Plural communicating holes are formed at a lower part of the cathode 4, and the molten salt can be moved between the outer area and the inner area of the cathode. Since the communicating holes are formed at the lower part of the cathode, an upper part of the cathode can function as a division wall.
- a bath supplying pipe 6 is arranged at an outer part of the cathode 4, and calcium chloride which is a raw material of the molten-salt electrolysis is continuously supplied therethrough.
- An extracting pipe 7 is arranged at an upper and inner part of the cathode 4 to extract calcium metal.
- the molten calcium metal which is moved to the inside of the cathode 4 and floats up, and the calcium chloride in which calcium metal is precipitated, are continuously extracted by the extracting pipe 7.
- the molten calcium metal and the calcium chloride having precipitated calcium metal are both extracted and can be used in a reduction reaction of titanium oxide or titanium chloride using molten salt, for example.
- chlorine gas is generated at the surface of the anode 3 and is emitted out of the system.
- the chlorine gas can be used in a chlorination reaction of titanium ore or the like.
- Fig. 3 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the third favorable embodiment of the present invention. Explanations of reference numerals 1 to 8 are omitted since they are similar to those for Fig. 2.
- inert gas is injected from the bottom part of the inner area of the cathode 4 through an inert gas supplying pipe 9.
- a gas-lift effect occurs by the injection of the inert gas, and upward flow occurs in the inner area of the cathode 4.
- Accompanied by this effect a flow from the outer area to the inner area occurs.
- calcium metal generated on the surface of the cathode 4 can be moved into the inside the cathode in a short time, and a loss by the back reaction with chlorine gas which is generated in the outer area of the cathode can be reduced.
- Fig. 4 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the fourth favorable embodiment of the present invention. Arrangement of reference numerals 1 to 8 is omitted since they are similar to those in Fig. 2. Differing from the above-mentioned embodiments, an oblique communicating hole inclining in a vertical direction is formed at a side wall of the cathode 4, as shown in Fig. 4. In addition, as shown in Fig. 9, which is a conceptual cross sectional diagram in which the cathode 4 is seen from above, the communicating holes are inclined uniformly from the normal line direction of the cylindrical electrode also in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, the cathode 4 is arranged so as to be rotatable.
- the molten salt By rotating such a cathode 4, the molten salt can be forcibly moved from the outer area of the cathode 4 to the inner area.
- calcium metal generated on the outer surface of the cathode 4 can be moved into the inner area of the cathode in a short time, and a loss by the back reaction with chlorine gas which is generated in the outer area of the cathode can be reduced.
- Fig. 5 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the fifth favorable embodiment of the present invention. Explanation of reference numerals 1 to 8 is omitted since they are similar to those in Fig. 2. Differing from the above-mentioned embodiments, an agitating fin 10 is arranged at the bottom part of the inner area of the cathode 4. The agitating fin can be rotated via a driving axis to form a flow of molten salt from the bottom to the upper surface. As a result, calcium m 4 can be moved to the inner area of the cathode in a short time, and a loss by the back reaction with chlorine gas which is generated in the outer area of the cathode can be reduced.
- the present invention since calcium metal is continuously pushed out of the system soon after its generation, the back reaction with chlorine gas can be prevented, and the calcium metal can be efficiently produced.
- the structure of the apparatus can be favorably simplified.
- the back reaction of calcium metal and chlorine gas can be efficiently reduced.
- the material of the negative electrode is not limited in particular as long as the material has conductivity.
- carbon steel, stainless steel, or material such as copper or the like can be used. From the viewpoint of processing the negative electrode to have a cylindrical shape and forming communicating holes, carbon steel having easy workability is desirable.
- the electrolysis bath consisting of calcium chloride is required to be maintained at a temperature which is not lower than the melting point of calcium metal (845°C). If the temperature is lower than the melting point of the calcium metal, calcium metal is generated in a solid state at the inner part of the cathode and blocks up the communicating holes, and this interferes with the flow-through of molten salt and calcium metal. On the other hand, if the temperature is much greater than the melting point of calcium metal, evaporation of the electrolysis bath is promoted and solubility of calcium metal in calcium chloride is increased. This is undesirable from the viewpoint of the yield. A range not exceeding 100°C above the melting point of calcium metal is desirable.
- the temperature of the electrolysis bath can be controlled by using a heating burner immersed in the electrolysis bath. Furthermore, if the burner has a cooling function, this is desirable because the temperature can be freely controlled in a target range. In addition, temperature control can be performed by another means of selection.
- another salt can be added to calcium chloride.
- the melting point of the electrolysis bath can be lowered by adding potassium chloride.
- Potassium chloride added to calcium chloride is desirably in a range from 20 to 80 mass%. By adding potassium chloride in such a range, the melting point of the electrolysis bath can be lowered to 615 to 760°C.
- Fig. 6 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the sixth desirable embodiment of the present invention.
- Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, an electrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride is filled therein, and it is heated to a temperature not less than the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater, which is not shown, to be maintained in a molten state.
- Reference numeral 3 indicates a anode unified with the electrolysis vessel, and a cathode 4 having cylindrical shape is arranged being immersed in a central part of the electrolysis vessel 1. Since the upper and lower parts of the cathode 4 are open, the molten salt can be moved between the outer area and inner area of the cathode. Furthermore, a titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe 11 is arranged in the inner area of the cathode 4.
- the electrolysis is started by connecting the anode 3 and cathode 4 to a direct current power supply, which is not shown, and at the same time adding titanium tetrachloride 12 through the titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe 11. Calcium metal in a molten state is generated on an outer surface of the cathode 4 by the starting of the electrolysis.
- titanium tetrachloride 12 floats up in a bubbled state in the electrolysis bath 2, upward-flow occurs in the electrolyte bath 2 by this gas-lift effect, the electrolysis bath runs over from the inner area to the outer area at the upper part of the cathode, and downward-flow occurs in the outer area. In this way, flow in the electrolysis bath occurs along the arrowed line shown in Fig. 6. Calcium metal generated by the electrolysis floats up in the inner area of the cathode and sinks down in the outer area along the flow.
- the above-mentioned upward-flow of the calcium metal generated in the inner area of the cathode contacts and reacts with the bubbles 12 of the titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 + 2Ca ⁇ 2CaCl 2 + Ti), to generate titanium metal.
- the titanium metal generated is carried to the upper or lower part of the electrolysis bath by the flow of the bath, so as to be recovered by a recovering device, which is not shown.
- Fig. 7 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the seventh desirable embodiment of the present invention.
- Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, an electrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride is filled therein, and it is heated at a temperature not less than the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater, which is not shown, so as to be maintained in a molten state.
- Reference numeral 3 indicates a anode unified with the electrolysis vessel, a cathode 4 having a cylindrical shape is arranged immersed in a central part of the electrolysis vessel 1. The lower part of the cathode 4 is open, and a hole communicating the outer part and inner part of the cathode is arranged at a side surface of the cathode. These communicating holes are inclined downward of the vertical direction.
- the communicating holes of the cathode 4 are inclined from the normal line direction of the cylindrica 4 is arranged so as to be rotatable.
- a titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe 11 is arranged at the lower part of the inner area of the cathode 4.
- the electrolysis is started by connecting the anode 3 and cathode 4 to a direct current power supply, which is not shown, and at the same time rotating the cathode 4 and adding titanium tetrachloride 12 through the titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe 11. Calcium metal in a molten state is generated on an outer surface of the cathode 4 by the starting of the electrolysis.
- the electrolysis bath flows from the outer area of the cathode 4 into the inner area by the rotation of the cathode 4, and furthermore, since a downward flow occurs, calcium metal which is generated is gathered in the inner area and flows downward.
- titanium tetrachloride 12 floats up in bubbled state in the electrolysis bath and contacts with this calcium metal flow, they react to generate titanium metal.
- the titanium metal generated is carried to the lower part of the electrolysis bath by the flow of the bath so as to be recovered by a recovering device, which is not shown.
- Fig. 8 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the eighth desirable embodiment of the present invention.
- Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, an electrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride is filled therein, and it is heated to a temperature not less than the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater, which is not shown, to be maintained in a molten state.
- Reference numeral 3 is a anode which is unified with the electrolysis vessel, and a cathode 4 having cylindrical shape is arranged being immersed in a central part of the electrolysis vessel 1.
- the lower part of the cathode 4 is open, and a hole communicating the outer part and inner part of the cathode is arranged at a side surface of the cathode.
- a titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe 11 is arranged at the lower part of the inner area of the cathode 4.
- An agitating fin 10 is rotatably arranged at the inner area of the cathode 4.
- the electrolysis is started by connecting the anode 3 and cathode 4 to a direct current power supply, which is not shown, and at the same time rotating the agitating fin 10 and adding titanium tetrachloride 12 through the titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe 11. Calcium metal in a molten state is generated on an outer surface of the cathode 4 by the starting of the electrolysis.
- the electrolysis bath flows from the outer area of the cathode 4 into the inner area by the rotation of the agitating fin 10, and furthermore, since a downward flow occurs, calcium metal which is generated is gathered in the inner area and flows downward.
- titanium tetrachloride 12 floats up in bubbled state in the electrolysis bath and contacts with this calcium metal flow, they react to generate titanium metal.
- the titanium metal generated is carried to the lower part of the electrolysis bath by the flow of the bath, so as to be recovered by a recovering device, which is not shown.
- electrolysis of a molten salt of calcium chloride was performed.
- the temperature of the electrolysis bath consisting of calcium chloride was maintained at 850 ⁇ 5°C, and the temperature of the circular cathode 4 was also maintained at 850 ⁇ 5°C, and they were not particularly being cooled.
- Molten calcium chloride which is a raw material was continuously supplied to the inside the cathode through the bath supplying pipe 6, and at the same time, the precipitated layer of calcium metal was extracted to the outside of the system through the extracting pipe immersed in the outside the cathode.
- Calcium metal extracted out of the system was used in a reduction reaction of titanium oxide.
- chlorine gas generated at the anode was used in a chlorination reaction of titanium ore.
- Calcium metal was produced corresponding to 80% of theoretical weight calculated from the amount of electricity applied to the cathode and anode.
- calcium metal can be efficiently produced by the electrolysis of calcium chloride. Furthermore, the calcium metal can be used in the production of titanium metal, without recovery.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to the production of metal from a chloride thereof, and in particular, relates to a method for producing calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis and to a method for producing metal, including a method for producing titanium metal, by using the calcium metal, and relates to an apparatus therefor.
- Conventionally, titanium metal, which is a simple substance, is produced by the Kroll method in which titanium tetrachloride is reduced by molten magnesium to obtain sponge titanium, and various kinds of improvements have been made to reduce the cost of production. However, since the Kroll method is a batch process in which a set of operations is repeated noncontinuously, there is a limitation to its efficiency. To overcome this, a method in which titanium oxide is reduced by calcium metal in molten salt to obtain titanium metal directly (see
WO99/064638 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-129268 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-306725 - Furthermore, a technique has been disclosed in which a molten salt electrolysis is performed at a temperature lower than that in the conventional electrolysis using a complex molten salt having a melting point lower than that of calcium metal to deposit calcium metal on a cathode in a solid state (see
US Patent No. 3226311 ). However, in this production method, it is necessary to prepare the complex molten salt specially, and the cost is considerable. - In addition, in any of the methods explained above, the calcium metal generated in the molten-salt electrolysis has a tendency to reverse react with chlorine gas generated in the electrolysis reaction to again form calcium chloride. Thus, production efficiency is deteriorated.
- As explained above, there is a problem in that it is difficult to recover an active metal such as calcium metal alone, and there is a problem in that the cost is high even if the recovery is possible. As a result, the cost of producing titanium is increased.
- The present invention has been completed in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis, in which metal calcium used for reducing, such as an oxide or chloride of titanium metal, is produced, and in which titanium metal can be obtained by using this metal calcium efficiently at low cost.
- The method for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis of the present invention is a method for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis which is performed by filling molten salt of calcium chloride in an electrolysis vessel having a anode and a cathode, one electrode (the anode or cathode) is arranged surrounding the other electrode, the cathode has at least one hole communicating the inner area surrounded by the cathode with the outer area, and the molten salt flows through the communicating holes from one area including the anode (the inner area or outer area) to the other area.
- By the present invention, since one electrode of the positive or cathode is surrounding the other electrode and the molten salt flows from the area including the anode to the other area through the communicating holes arranged on the cathode, the calcium metal generated on the surface of the cathode during the molten salt electrolysis always flows to the area not including the anode, and the calcium metal is precipitated and accumulated at the electrolysis bath surface of the area. Therefore, the back reaction with chlorine gas generated on the surface of anode can be avoided, and calcium metal can be produced at high efficiency.
- Furthermore, the apparatus for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis is an apparatus for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis having a anode and a cathode in a electrolysis vessel, one electrode of the cathode or anode being arranged surrounding the other electrode, the cathode having at least one hole communicating an inner area surrounded by the cathode with an outer area, molten salt of calcium chloride being supplied to the area including the anode, the molten salt of calcium chloride flowing to the other area through the communicating hole, and the molten salt of calcium chloride containing calcium metal generated at the cathode is extracted from the other area.
- By this apparatus for production, as described above, calcium metal generated on the surface of the cathode by the molten salt electrolysis is always flowed to the area without the anode, and the calcium metal is precipitated and accumulated at the electrolysis bath surface of the area. Therefore, the calcium metal does not reverse react with chlorine gas generated on the surface of the anode, and the calcium metal can be produced at high efficiency.
- Furthermore, in the method for production of metal by molten-salt electrolysis of the present invention, a titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe is arranged in the inner area in which calcium metal is generated by molten-salt electrolysis, and titanium tetrachloride in the gas phase is supplied through the titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe to generate titanium metal.
- By such a method for production, since titanium tetrachloride is supplied to the calcium metal generated in the inner area by molten-salt electrolysis, they are reacted with each other to generate titanium metal. Therefore, it is not necessary that calcium metal be once recovered and be sent to a titanium producing process, and titanium metal can be obtained in the production process of calcium metal.
- By the present invention, the back reaction of calcium metal and chlorine gas generated during the molten-salt electrolysis of calcium chloride can be reduced, and calcium metal can be efficiently produce at low cost. Furthermore, by directly supplying titanium tetrachloride, titanium metal can also be obtained.
-
- Fig. 1 is a conceptual cross sectional diagram showing a production process for calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis in an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a conceptual cross sectional diagram showing a production process for calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis in another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a conceptual cross sectional diagram showing a production process for calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis in another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a conceptual cross sectional diagram showing a production process for calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis in another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a conceptual cross sectional diagram showing a production process for calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis in another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a conceptual cross sectional diagram showing a production process for calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis and a production process of titanium metal in another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a conceptual cross sectional diagram showing a production process for calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis and a production process of titanium metal in another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is a conceptual cross sectional diagram showing a production process for calcium metal by molten-salt electrolysis and a production process of titanium metal in another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 9 is a conceptual cross sectional diagram showing a finned cylindrical cathode used in the present invention.
- Embodiments of the present invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. The drawings show appropriate examples of apparatus construction to practice the present invention. Fig. 1 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, and anelectrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride (melting point 780°C) is filled in the vessel. Theelectrolysis bath 2 is heated to a temperature above the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater (not shown) to be maintained in a molten state.Reference numeral 3 indicates a anode.Reference numeral 4 indicates a cylindrical cathode, which is arranged surrounding theanode 3. Plural communicating holes are formed at a lower part of thecathode 4, and the molten salt can be moved between the inner area and the outer area of the cathode. Since the communicating holes are formed at the lower part of the cathode, the upper part of the cathode can function as a division wall. - Furthermore, a
bath supplying pipe 6 is arranged at an inner part of thecathode 4, and calcium chloride which is a raw material of the molten-salt electrolysis is continuously supplied therethrough. An extractingpipe 7 is arranged at an upper and outer part of thecathode 4 to extract calcium metal. - Starting the electrolysis by connecting the
anode 3 andcathode n 4 to a direct current power supply, which is not shown, calcium metal in a molten state is generated on an inner surface of thecathode 4. Since the molten salt is continuously supplied through thebath supplying pipe 6, the generated calcium metal is flowed from the inside of thecathode 4 against the outside, and the calcium metal is pushed out to the outside. Thecalcium metal 5 reaching the outside of thecathode 4 is partially dissolved in the electrolyte bath and floats up, forming a precipitated layer ofcalcium metal 5. - The molten calcium metal which is moved to the outside of the
cathode 4 and floats up, and the calcium chloride in which calcium metal is precipitated, are continuously extracted by the extractingpipe 7. The molten calcium metal and the calcium chloride having precipitated calcium metal are both extracted and can be used in a reduction reaction of titanium oxide or titanium chloride using molten salt, for example. - On the other hand, chlorine gas is generated at the surface of the
anode 3 and is emitted out of the system. The chlorine gas can be used in a chlorination reaction of titanium ore or the like. - Fig. 2 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, and anelectrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride (melting point 780°C) is filled in the vessel. Theelectrolysis bath 2 is heated to a temperature above the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater, which is not shown, so as to be maintained in a molten state.Reference numeral 3 indicates a anode which is unified with the electrolysis vessel.Reference numeral 4 is a cylindrical cathode, and it is immersed at the central part of theelectrolysis vessel 1. Plural communicating holes are formed at a lower part of thecathode 4, and the molten salt can be moved between the outer area and the inner area of the cathode. Since the communicating holes are formed at the lower part of the cathode, an upper part of the cathode can function as a division wall. - Furthermore, a
bath supplying pipe 6 is arranged at an outer part of thecathode 4, and calcium chloride which is a raw material of the molten-salt electrolysis is continuously supplied therethrough. An extractingpipe 7 is arranged at an upper and inner part of thecathode 4 to extract calcium metal. - Starting the electrolysis by connecting the
anode 3 andcathode 4 to a direct current power supply, which is not shown, calcium metal in a molten state is generated on an outer surface of thecathode 4. Since the molten salt is continuously supplied through thebath supplying pipe 6, the generated calcium metal is flowed from the outside of thecathode 4 against the inside, and the calcium metal is pushed into the inside. Thecalcium metal 5 reaching the inside of thecathode 4, is partially dissolved in the electrolyte bath and floats up, forming a precipitated layer ofcalcium metal 5. - The molten calcium metal which is moved to the inside of the
cathode 4 and floats up, and the calcium chloride in which calcium metal is precipitated, are continuously extracted by the extractingpipe 7. The molten calcium metal and the calcium chloride having precipitated calcium metal are both extracted and can be used in a reduction reaction of titanium oxide or titanium chloride using molten salt, for example. - On the other hand, chlorine gas is generated at the surface of the
anode 3 and is emitted out of the system. The chlorine gas can be used in a chlorination reaction of titanium ore or the like. - Fig. 3 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the third favorable embodiment of the present invention. Explanations of
reference numerals 1 to 8 are omitted since they are similar to those for Fig. 2. In Fig. 3, which is different from the case of Fig. 2, inert gas is injected from the bottom part of the inner area of thecathode 4 through an inert gas supplying pipe 9. A gas-lift effect occurs by the injection of the inert gas, and upward flow occurs in the inner area of thecathode 4. Accompanied by this effect, a flow from the outer area to the inner area occurs. As a result, calcium metal generated on the surface of thecathode 4 can be moved into the inside the cathode in a short time, and a loss by the back reaction with chlorine gas which is generated in the outer area of the cathode can be reduced. - Fig. 4 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the fourth favorable embodiment of the present invention. Arrangement of
reference numerals 1 to 8 is omitted since they are similar to those in Fig. 2. Differing from the above-mentioned embodiments, an oblique communicating hole inclining in a vertical direction is formed at a side wall of thecathode 4, as shown in Fig. 4. In addition, as shown in Fig. 9, which is a conceptual cross sectional diagram in which thecathode 4 is seen from above, the communicating holes are inclined uniformly from the normal line direction of the cylindrical electrode also in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, thecathode 4 is arranged so as to be rotatable. By rotating such acathode 4, the molten salt can be forcibly moved from the outer area of thecathode 4 to the inner area. As a result, calcium metal generated on the outer surface of thecathode 4 can be moved into the inner area of the cathode in a short time, and a loss by the back reaction with chlorine gas which is generated in the outer area of the cathode can be reduced. - Fig. 5 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the fifth favorable embodiment of the present invention. Explanation of
reference numerals 1 to 8 is omitted since they are similar to those in Fig. 2. Differing from the above-mentioned embodiments, an agitatingfin 10 is arranged at the bottom part of the inner area of thecathode 4. The agitating fin can be rotated via a driving axis to form a flow of molten salt from the bottom to the upper surface. As a result,calcium m 4 can be moved to the inner area of the cathode in a short time, and a loss by the back reaction with chlorine gas which is generated in the outer area of the cathode can be reduced. - It should be noted that calcium metal generated on the outer surface of the
negative electrode 4 can be efficiently recovered by combining the apparatuses shown in Figs. 3 to 5, if necessary. - As explained above, by the present invention, since calcium metal is continuously pushed out of the system soon after its generation, the back reaction with chlorine gas can be prevented, and the calcium metal can be efficiently produced. In particular, by the second embodiment of the present invention, since the anode and the electrolysis vessel are unified, the structure of the apparatus can be favorably simplified. In addition, by the third, fourth and fifth embodiments of the present invention, the back reaction of calcium metal and chlorine gas can be efficiently reduced.
- During the molten-salt electrolysis of calcium chloride, chlorine gas is generated at the anode. Therefore, it is required to use a material having durability against the corrosion property of chlorine gas, and in addition, having conductivity and not having solubility in the electrolysis bath. As a material having such properties, carbon is desirable.
- On the other hand, the material of the negative electrode is not limited in particular as long as the material has conductivity. For example, carbon steel, stainless steel, or material such as copper or the like can be used. From the viewpoint of processing the negative electrode to have a cylindrical shape and forming communicating holes, carbon steel having easy workability is desirable.
- The electrolysis bath consisting of calcium chloride is required to be maintained at a temperature which is not lower than the melting point of calcium metal (845°C). If the temperature is lower than the melting point of the calcium metal, calcium metal is generated in a solid state at the inner part of the cathode and blocks up the communicating holes, and this interferes with the flow-through of molten salt and calcium metal. On the other hand, if the temperature is much greater than the melting point of calcium metal, evaporation of the electrolysis bath is promoted and solubility of calcium metal in calcium chloride is increased. This is undesirable from the viewpoint of the yield. A range not exceeding 100°C above the melting point of calcium metal is desirable.
- The temperature of the electrolysis bath can be controlled by using a heating burner immersed in the electrolysis bath. Furthermore, if the burner has a cooling function, this is desirable because the temperature can be freely controlled in a target range. In addition, temperature control can be performed by another means of selection.
- In the electrolysis bath, another salt can be added to calcium chloride. For example, the melting point of the electrolysis bath can be lowered by adding potassium chloride. By lowering the melting point of the electrolysis bath in this way, degrees of freedom of the electrolysis performing temperature are increased and the cost required for heating can be reduced. Potassium chloride added to calcium chloride is desirably in a range from 20 to 80 mass%. By adding potassium chloride in such a range, the melting point of the electrolysis bath can be lowered to 615 to 760°C.
- Fig. 6 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the sixth desirable embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, anelectrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride is filled therein, and it is heated to a temperature not less than the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater, which is not shown, to be maintained in a molten state.Reference numeral 3 indicates a anode unified with the electrolysis vessel, and acathode 4 having cylindrical shape is arranged being immersed in a central part of theelectrolysis vessel 1. Since the upper and lower parts of thecathode 4 are open, the molten salt can be moved between the outer area and inner area of the cathode. Furthermore, a titaniumtetrachloride supplying pipe 11 is arranged in the inner area of thecathode 4. - The electrolysis is started by connecting the
anode 3 andcathode 4 to a direct current power supply, which is not shown, and at the same time addingtitanium tetrachloride 12 through the titaniumtetrachloride supplying pipe 11. Calcium metal in a molten state is generated on an outer surface of thecathode 4 by the starting of the electrolysis. At the same time, sincetitanium tetrachloride 12 floats up in a bubbled state in theelectrolysis bath 2, upward-flow occurs in theelectrolyte bath 2 by this gas-lift effect, the electrolysis bath runs over from the inner area to the outer area at the upper part of the cathode, and downward-flow occurs in the outer area. In this way, flow in the electrolysis bath occurs along the arrowed line shown in Fig. 6. Calcium metal generated by the electrolysis floats up in the inner area of the cathode and sinks down in the outer area along the flow. - The above-mentioned upward-flow of the calcium metal generated in the inner area of the cathode contacts and reacts with the
bubbles 12 of the titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4 + 2Ca → 2CaCl2 + Ti), to generate titanium metal. The titanium metal generated is carried to the upper or lower part of the electrolysis bath by the flow of the bath, so as to be recovered by a recovering device, which is not shown. - In this way, by the embodiment, it is not necessary that calcium metal be recovered to be sent to a titanium producing process. Calcium metal is generated and subsequently titanium metal can be desirably obtained almost at the same time.
- Fig. 7 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the seventh desirable embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, anelectrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride is filled therein, and it is heated at a temperature not less than the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater, which is not shown, so as to be maintained in a molten state.Reference numeral 3 indicates a anode unified with the electrolysis vessel, acathode 4 having a cylindrical shape is arranged immersed in a central part of theelectrolysis vessel 1. The lower part of thecathode 4 is open, and a hole communicating the outer part and inner part of the cathode is arranged at a side surface of the cathode. These communicating holes are inclined downward of the vertical direction. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 9, the communicating holes of thecathode 4 are inclined from the normal line direction of thecylindrica 4 is arranged so as to be rotatable. A titaniumtetrachloride supplying pipe 11 is arranged at the lower part of the inner area of thecathode 4. - The electrolysis is started by connecting the
anode 3 andcathode 4 to a direct current power supply, which is not shown, and at the same time rotating thecathode 4 and addingtitanium tetrachloride 12 through the titaniumtetrachloride supplying pipe 11. Calcium metal in a molten state is generated on an outer surface of thecathode 4 by the starting of the electrolysis. At the same time, the electrolysis bath flows from the outer area of thecathode 4 into the inner area by the rotation of thecathode 4, and furthermore, since a downward flow occurs, calcium metal which is generated is gathered in the inner area and flows downward. Sincetitanium tetrachloride 12 floats up in bubbled state in the electrolysis bath and contacts with this calcium metal flow, they react to generate titanium metal. The titanium metal generated is carried to the lower part of the electrolysis bath by the flow of the bath so as to be recovered by a recovering device, which is not shown. - In this way, in the embodiment, it is not necessary that calcium metal be recovered and be sent to a titanium producing process. Calcium metal is generated, and subsequently, titanium metal can be desirably obtained almost at the same time. Furthermore, since calcium metal is gathered in the inner part of the cathode and is reacted with titanium tetrachloride, a back reaction with chlorine gas can be desirably reduced.
- Fig. 8 shows a conceptual cross sectional diagram of the eighth desirable embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral 1 is an electrolysis vessel, anelectrolysis bath 2 consisting of calcium chloride is filled therein, and it is heated to a temperature not less than the melting point of calcium chloride by a heater, which is not shown, to be maintained in a molten state.Reference numeral 3 is a anode which is unified with the electrolysis vessel, and acathode 4 having cylindrical shape is arranged being immersed in a central part of theelectrolysis vessel 1. The lower part of thecathode 4 is open, and a hole communicating the outer part and inner part of the cathode is arranged at a side surface of the cathode. A titaniumtetrachloride supplying pipe 11 is arranged at the lower part of the inner area of thecathode 4. An agitatingfin 10 is rotatably arranged at the inner area of thecathode 4. - The electrolysis is started by connecting the
anode 3 andcathode 4 to a direct current power supply, which is not shown, and at the same time rotating the agitatingfin 10 and addingtitanium tetrachloride 12 through the titaniumtetrachloride supplying pipe 11. Calcium metal in a molten state is generated on an outer surface of thecathode 4 by the starting of the electrolysis. At the same time, the electrolysis bath flows from the outer area of thecathode 4 into the inner area by the rotation of the agitatingfin 10, and furthermore, since a downward flow occurs, calcium metal which is generated is gathered in the inner area and flows downward. Sincetitanium tetrachloride 12 floats up in bubbled state in the electrolysis bath and contacts with this calcium metal flow, they react to generate titanium metal. The titanium metal generated is carried to the lower part of the electrolysis bath by the flow of the bath, so as to be recovered by a recovering device, which is not shown. - In this way, also by this embodiment, it is not necessary that calcium metal be recovered, washed, and be sent to a titanium producing process. Calcium metal is generated, and subsequently titanium metal can be desirably obtained almost at the same time. Furthermore, since calcium metal is gathered in the inner part of the cathode and is reacted with titanium tetrachloride, the back reaction with chlorine gas can be desirably reduced.
- Using the electrolysis vessel shown in Fig. 1, electrolysis of a molten salt of calcium chloride was performed. The temperature of the electrolysis bath consisting of calcium chloride was maintained at 850 ±5°C, and the temperature of the
circular cathode 4 was also maintained at 850 ±5°C, and they were not particularly being cooled. - Molten calcium chloride which is a raw material was continuously supplied to the inside the cathode through the
bath supplying pipe 6, and at the same time, the precipitated layer of calcium metal was extracted to the outside of the system through the extracting pipe immersed in the outside the cathode. Calcium metal extracted out of the system was used in a reduction reaction of titanium oxide. On the other hand, chlorine gas generated at the anode was used in a chlorination reaction of titanium ore. Calcium metal was produced corresponding to 80% of theoretical weight calculated from the amount of electricity applied to the cathode and anode. - By the present invention, calcium metal can be efficiently produced by the electrolysis of calcium chloride. Furthermore, the calcium metal can be used in the production of titanium metal, without recovery.
Claims (20)
- A process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis, the process comprising a step of filling calcium chloride in an electrolysis vessel having a anode and a cathode;
wherein one of the negative or anode is arranged surrounding the other electrode,
the cathode has at least one hole which communicates an inner area surrounded by the cathode and an outer area, and
the molten salt is flowed from one of the inner or outer area having the anode therein to the other area through the communicating hole. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 1,
wherein the cathode is arranged surrounding the anode,
the cathode has at least one hole which communicates an inner area surrounded by the cathode and an outer area, and
the molten salt is flowed from the inner area to the outer area through the communicating hole. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 2,
wherein calcium chloride is supplied to the inner area. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 2,
wherein the molten salt containing calcium metal generated at the cathode is extracted from the outer area. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 1,
wherein the electrolysis vessel is made of carbon to enable functioning as the anode,
a hollow cylindrical cathode is arranged in the electrolysis vessel,
the cathode has at least one hole which communicates the inner area of the cathode and the outer area, and
the molten salt is flowed from the outer area to the inner area through the communicating hole. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 5,
wherein inert gas is supplied from the bottom part of the inner area of the cathode. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 1,
wherein a finned cylindrical cathode having plural communicating holes all inclined at a predetermined angle from the normal line direction of the side surface of the cylinder, is used as the hollow cylindrical cathode,
the finned cylindrical cathode is rotated to flow the molten salt from the inner area to the outer area, or from the outer area to the inner area. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 5,
wherein calcium chloride is supplied to the outer area. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 5,
wherein the molten salt containing calcium metal generated at the cathode is extracted from the inner area. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 1,
wherein the metal is recovered as a mixed material with the molten salt or recovered as a molten material. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 1,
wherein the molten salt consists of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, and lithium chloride. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 1,
wherein a titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe is arranged in the inner area in which the metal is generated by the molten-salt electrolysis, and
titanium metal is generated by supplying titanium tetrachloride in a gas state through the titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 12,
wherein an upward flow of the electrolysis bath is generated in the inner area by an upward flow of the titanium tetrachloride in a gas state, and
the metal generated is recovered at the electrolysis bath. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 12,
wherein the finned cylindrical cathode is used as the cathode,
the titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe is arranged at the lower end of the inner area,
a downward flow of the electrolysis bath is generated in the inner area by rotating the finned cylindrical cathode, and
titanium tetrachloride is supplied to be contacted against the downward flow, to generate metal. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 12,
wherein the titanium tetrachloride supplying pipe is arranged at a lower end of the inner area and the agitating fin is arranged at the inner area, and
a downward flow of the electrolysis bath is generated in the inner area by rotating the agitating fin and titanium tetrachloride is supplied to contact the downward flow to generate titanium metal. - The process for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 1,
wherein the metal is calcium or titanium. - An apparatus for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis comprising:an electrolysis vessel anda anode and a cathode in the electrolysis vessel;wherein one of the negative or anode is arranged surrounding the other electrode,
the cathode has at least one hole which communicates an inner area surrounded by the cathode and an outer area,
the molten salt of calcium chloride is supplied to one of the two divided areas in which the anode is included therein,
the molten salt of calcium chloride is flowed to the other area through the communicating hole,
the molten salt of calcium chloride containing calcium metal generated at the cathode is extracted from the other area. - The apparatus for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 17,
wherein the cathode is arranged so as to be rotatable. - The apparatus for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 17,
wherein an agitating fin to enable the molten salt flowing from the inner area to the outer area or from the outer area to the inner area of the cathode, is arranged at the lower end of the inside of the cathode. - The apparatus for production of a metal by molten-salt electrolysis according to claim 17,
wherein the metal is calcium metal or titanium metal.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2004297865A JP4247792B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2004-10-12 | Method and apparatus for producing metal by molten salt electrolysis |
PCT/JP2005/018449 WO2006040978A1 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2005-10-05 | Metal producing method and producing device by molten salt electrolysis |
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EP1811062A4 EP1811062A4 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
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US (1) | US20080078679A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1811062A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4247792B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101044268A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005293038A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2582035A1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA011903B1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20072241L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006040978A1 (en) |
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2004
- 2004-10-12 JP JP2004297865A patent/JP4247792B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-10-05 CN CNA2005800349261A patent/CN101044268A/en active Pending
- 2005-10-05 US US11/576,887 patent/US20080078679A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-05 EA EA200700843A patent/EA011903B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-10-05 CA CA002582035A patent/CA2582035A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-05 WO PCT/JP2005/018449 patent/WO2006040978A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-10-05 EP EP05790573A patent/EP1811062A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-10-05 AU AU2005293038A patent/AU2005293038A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2007
- 2007-04-30 NO NO20072241A patent/NO20072241L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0194979A1 (en) * | 1985-02-13 | 1986-09-17 | Hiroshi Ishizuka | Electrolytic cell for a molten salt comprising alkali- or alkaline earth metal chloride |
EP0224400A1 (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1987-06-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Electrolytic apparatus for winning a substance from an electrolytic bath |
EP0958409B1 (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 2003-04-09 | Cathingots Limited | Process for the electrolytic production of metals |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of WO2006040978A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2123798A4 (en) * | 2007-02-19 | 2010-03-17 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | Apparatus for producing metal by molten salt electrolysis, and process for producing metal using the apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA200700843A1 (en) | 2007-08-31 |
AU2005293038A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
NO20072241L (en) | 2007-04-30 |
EP1811062A4 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
EA011903B1 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
JP4247792B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
WO2006040978A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
CN101044268A (en) | 2007-09-26 |
JP2006111895A (en) | 2006-04-27 |
US20080078679A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
CA2582035A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
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