EP1761939A1 - Circuit breaker comprising a bistable actuator and safety device equipped with said circuit breaker - Google Patents

Circuit breaker comprising a bistable actuator and safety device equipped with said circuit breaker

Info

Publication number
EP1761939A1
EP1761939A1 EP04816568A EP04816568A EP1761939A1 EP 1761939 A1 EP1761939 A1 EP 1761939A1 EP 04816568 A EP04816568 A EP 04816568A EP 04816568 A EP04816568 A EP 04816568A EP 1761939 A1 EP1761939 A1 EP 1761939A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plunger
tube
circuit breaker
bridge
carcass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04816568A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Daniel Lucas
Luc Beaudouin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schlemmer GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1761939A1 publication Critical patent/EP1761939A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker incorporating a bistable actuator and to a safety device.
  • a circuit breaker comprises two pads connected to an electrical circuit and a bridge capable of occupying two positions, a first position called “closed circuit” in which it is in contact with the two pads and ensures continuity electrical, and a second position called “open circuit” in which it is no longer in contact with the pads and no longer ensures electrical continuity.
  • This bridge is generally attached to the end of a rod of a bistable actuator.
  • the actuator comprises a plunger extended by a rod, disposed inside a solenoid, and return means in the form of a spring which tend to keep the plunger in the "open circuit” position. ". In normal operation, the solenoid is energized and keeps the plunger in the "closed circuit” position. In the absence of current, the solenoid is no longer energized so that the plunger under the action of the return means takes the "open circuit” position.
  • This solution has the main disadvantage of excessive power consumption.
  • Another solution consists in providing retaining means associated with the plunger capable of maintaining the latter in the two stable "closed circuit” and “open circuit” positions, as well as a solenoid for acting on the plunger so as to modify the state. retaining means and consequently the position of the plunger.
  • This solution has the main advantage of reducing consumption of energy since a single pulse is sufficient to excite the solenoid and change the position of the plunger.
  • the moving parts constituting the retaining means generate a wear of the mechanism and constitute a source of failures.
  • bistable actuators There are other bistable actuators.
  • the devices of the prior art are unsatisfactory because they are generally complex and difficult to industrialize. On the other hand, they do not generally provide a safe and reliable contact which can be detrimental in some applications, especially when used for safety devices embedded on vehicles.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a circuit breaker comprising a bistable actuator of simple design, ensuring a safe and reliable contact.
  • the subject of the invention is a circuit breaker comprising two pads connected respectively to a circuit, a bridge capable of occupying two states, a first state corresponding to the "closed circuit” position in which the bridge is in contact. with the pads and a second state corresponding to the position "open circuit” in which the bridge is spaced apart and is no longer in contact with the two pads, said bridge being connected to a bistable actuator via a rod in non-magnetic material, characterized in that the actuator comprises:
  • a plunger connected to the rod capable of sliding in a tube of non-magnetic material between two stable positions
  • This arrangement provides a reliable and safe mechanism due to a reduced number of moving parts and low power consumption, a single pulse sufficient to ensure the change of state of the circuit breaker.
  • the simple design of the device according to the invention also makes it possible to obtain an industrializable device.
  • FIG. IA is a section of a circuit breaker in a first position called "closed circuit"
  • FIG. 1B is a section of the circuit breaker of FIG. 1A in a second position called "open circuit"
  • FIG. 2A is a section of a bistable actuator according to a first variant of the invention in a first state corresponding to a first stable position
  • FIG. 2B is a section of the actuator of FIG. 2A in a second state corresponding to a second stable position
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a bistable actuator according to another variant of the invention
  • FIG. 4A is a section of the bistable actuator of FIG. 3 in a first state corresponding to a first stable position
  • FIG. 4B is a section of the bistable actuator of FIG. 3 in a second state corresponding to a second stable position
  • FIG. 5A is a section of the bistable actuator of FIG. 3 illustrating the passage from the first position to the second position
  • FIG. 5B is a section of the bistable actuator of FIG. 3 illustrating the passage from the second position to the first position
  • FIG. 6A is an electrical diagram illustrating a safety device in a first state corresponding to normal operation
  • FIG. 6B is an electrical diagram illustrating the device of FIG. 6A in a second state corresponding to the detection of a incident.
  • a circuit breaker comprising a housing 42 inside which two pads 44.1 and 44.2 are arranged respectively connected to connection terminals 46.1 and 46.2 to a circuit arranged outside the housing 42 and a bridge 48 capable of occupying two states, a first state corresponding to the "closed circuit" position illustrated by FIG.
  • the bridge 48 is connected to a rod 14 of non-magnetic material of a bistable actuator 10, the first stable position of the actuator corresponding to the "closed circuit” position and the second stable position corresponding to the position " open circuit”.
  • the actuator 10 is integrated inside the housing 42 of the circuit breaker so that the bridge 48 is connected to the rod 14 in the middle position and the translation of the rod 14 ensures the contact of the bridge 48 with the pads 44 or its spacing.
  • means are provided for maintaining the bridge 48 in a plane and limiting the rotational movements so that said bridge 48 is always at the right of the studs 44.
  • the bridge 48 can translate slightly along the rod 14 and 50 return means are arranged on either side of the bridge 48 so as to allow a slight movement of the bridge 48 relative to the stem. This slight clearance makes it easier to adjust the circuit breaker and to have wider dimensional tolerances while obtaining effective contact between the bridge 48 and the pads 44.
  • a bistable actuator 10 comprises a plunger 12, extended by a rod 14 connected to the bridge 48 of the circuit breaker, housed in part or entirely in a housing 16, capable of occupying two states, a corresponding first state at a first stable position illustrated by Figure ZA, and a second state corresponding to a second stable position shown in Figure 2B.
  • the change of state results in a translation of the rod 14, the latter being further out of the housing 16 in the first stable position in the example chosen.
  • This rod is made of material insensitive to magnetic fields.
  • the plunger 12 comprises a body of material sensitive to the magnetic field, at one end of which the rod 14 of non-magnetic material is secured, for example by screwing.
  • the body of the plunger 12 is slidable in a bore 18 formed in a tube 20 of non-magnetic material integrated in the casing 16.
  • Translational stop means are provided to limit the translational movement of the plunger 12, each means of stop showing a stable position.
  • the housing 16 comprises a carcass 22 of magnetic material inside which is disposed the tube 20, an orifice 24 allowing the passage of the rod 14 whose diameter is smaller than that of the body of the diver.
  • the body of the plunger comes to rest against the carcass 22 or an element integral with the carcass, whereas in the second stable position illustrated by FIG. 2B, it is a shoulder 26 formed at the rod 14 which abuts against the carcass 22 or a component attached to the carcass.
  • the actuator 10 comprises at least one permanent magnet 28 capable of ensuring the retention of the plunger 12 in the first stable position as illustrated by FIG. ZA, and return means 30 capable of ensuring maintaining the plunger 12 in the second stable position as illustrated in Figure 2B and the translation of the plunger from the first stable position to the second stable position.
  • the actuator 10 comprises means, for example a solenoid 32, capable of emitting a non-permanent magnetic field whose value is such that, in its absence, the force generated by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 28 is greater than that of the return means 30 while in its presence, the force produced by the return means 30 is greater than that produced by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 28 so that the plunger is translated from the first stable position towards the second.
  • a simple electrical pulse to excite the solenoid 32 and generate the translation of the plunger from the first stable translation to the second stable position.
  • the solenoid 32 is capable of emitting in a first state a magnetic field which enhances the effects of the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 28 and in a second state a magnetic field which reduces or cancels the effects of the magnetic field of the magnet permanent.
  • the plunger translates by reversing the polarization of the solenoid 32.
  • the device comprises an element 34 made of magnetic material disposed inside. tube 20 of non-magnetic material, providing a large contact surface 36 to the plunger 12.
  • This element 34 is connected to the carcass 22 and comprises a bore 38 allowing the passage of the rod 14.
  • the permanent magnets 28 are arranged at inside the carcass 22 and outside the tube 20 of non-magnetic material and have a surface in contact with the carcass 22.
  • the permanent magnets 28 comprise a first pole in contact with the carcass 22 and a second pole in contact with the tube 20 to the plunger 12.
  • the solenoid 32 is disposed inside the carcass 22 and outside the tube 20 of non-magnetic material between the permanent magnets 28 and the contact element 34 In the absence of a magnetic field produced by the solenoid 32, the permanent magnets 28 produce a magnetic field via the carcass 22 and the contact element 34 which generates a magnetic bonding force to the calf of the surface 36 between the plunger 12 and the contact element 34.
  • the solenoid when excited, it produces a magnetic field which disturbs the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 28 so that the magnetic bonding force at level of the surface 36 is zero or at least less than the force produced by the biasing means 30 generating consequently the translation of the plunger 12 from the first stable position to the second stable position.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a large contact surface, hence a greater magnetic bonding force ensuring a reliable holding of the plunger in the first stable position.
  • the movements of the plunger are not disturbed by the direct effects of the permanent magnets 28 or the solenoid 32, the only magnetic force likely to influence the plunger 12 being the produced by the contact element 34 disposed inside the tube 20.
  • the solenoid being disposed at the right of the carcass 22 between the permanent magnets 28 and the contact element 34, the magnetic field produced by the solenoid more effectively disturbs the field produced by the permanent magnet.
  • the translation of the plunger 12 from the second stable position to the first stable position can be obtained by various means.
  • the distance separating the plunger 12 and the contact element 34 in the second stable position and / or the magnetic bonding force produced by the permanent magnets 28 may be such that in the absence of a magnetic field produced by the solenoid, the plunger is subjected to the attraction force of the contact element 34 and is translated from the second stable position to the first stable position.
  • the translation of the second stable position to the first can be obtained by mechanical means which act on the plunger 12, including a push button manually operated by an operator.
  • metal elements in the form of stacked plates may be interposed between the permanent magnet (s) and the tube (20) of non-magnetic material, the edge of the various plates bearing against said tube (20), as illustrated in FIG. This arrangement makes it possible to reinforce the bonding force and to obtain a more stable and therefore safer device.
  • nonmagnetic walls 60 are provided on either side of the permanent magnets 28 in order to better channel the magnetic field lines and to reinforce the bonding force.
  • circuit breaker 40 In this state, the circuit breaker 40 is in "open circuit” position and no longer ensures electrical continuity . Means of rearming are provided at the circuit breaker to ensure the return to "closed circuit” position and the translation of the plunger 12 from the second stable position to the first stable position as mentioned above.
  • the circuit breaker described is used as a battery switch, one of the connection terminals being connected to one of the terminals of a battery not shown.
  • Figures 6A and 6B there is shown a safety device, more particularly for a vehicle.
  • the circuit breaker 40 comprises a bistable actuator 10 whose solenoid 32 is integrated in a so-called control circuit 52, comprising one or more incident detectors 54, such as a shock detector or an inclination detector.
  • the incident detectors 54 are in the open position and no electrical impulse is transmitted to the solenoid 32 of the bistable actuator 10 so that the circuit breaker is in the open position. closed circuit position.
  • the incident detector 54 transmits an electric pulse to the solenoid 32 of the bistable actuator 10. causing the change of state of the circuit breaker 40 which goes to the "open circuit” position and in the case of a vehicle cuts off the power supply of the battery.
  • the device of the invention is particularly interesting because it includes only a limited number of moving parts so that its life is extended and its reliability improved. Furthermore, the device of the invention requires only a small amount of electrical energy to operate and change state since a single pulse is sufficient and does not consume energy to stay in "closed circuit” position.
  • FIGS. 3, 4A, 4B, 5A and 5B there is shown a bistable actuator 100 according to another variant of the invention.
  • the actuator 100 comprises a plunger 112, extended by a rod 114 of magnetic field insensitive material, connected to the bridge 48 of the circuit breaker, housed in part or entirely in a housing 116, said plunger being capable of occupy two states, a first state corresponding to a first stable position illustrated by Figure 4A 1 and a second state corresponding to a second stable position shown in Figure 4B.
  • the plunger 112 comprises a body of material sensitive to the magnetic field, at one end of which the rod 114 of nonmagnetic material is secured, for example by screwing.
  • the body of the plunger 112 is capable of sliding in a bore 118 formed in a tube 120 of non-magnetic material integrated in the housing 116.
  • Translation stopping means are provided to limit the translational movement of the plunger 112, each stop means embodying a stable position.
  • the housing 116 comprises a carcass 122 of magnetic field-sensitive material inside which the tube 120 is disposed, with an orifice 124 allowing the passage of the rod 114 whose diameter is smaller than that of the body of the diver. As shown in the figure
  • the carcass 122 has a U-shape, the orifice 124 being provided at the base and the tube 120 extending between the two branches substantially parallel to the two branches.
  • the carcass 122 comprises an extension 123 extending from at least one leg of the U substantially parallel to the base of the U, the tube 120 being placed between the base of the U and the extension 123.
  • the body of the plunger comes to rest against the base of the U of the carcass 122 or an element integral with said base, whereas in the second stable position the body of the plunger comes to rest against the extension 123 of the carcass 122.
  • the carcass 122 namely the U shape and the
  • Extension 123 are of magnetic field sensitive material.
  • the device comprises an element 134 of magnetic material disposed inside the tube 120 of non-magnetic material, providing a significant contact surface 136 to the right of the plunger 112.
  • This element 134 is linked to the carcass 122 and includes a bore 138 allowing the
  • the actuator 110 comprises at least one permanent magnet 128 capable of maintaining the plunger 112 in the two stable positions.
  • the permanent magnets 128 are disposed inside the carcass 122 and outside the tube 120 of non-magnetic material and have a surface in contact with the carcass 122.
  • the permanent magnets 128 comprise a first pole (for example south) in contact with the carcass 122 and a second pole (eg north) in contact with the tube 120 to the right of the plunger 112.
  • the bistable actuator comprises two permanent magnets, one disposed against each of the legs of the U of the carcass 122. As illustrated in FIG. AA, when the actuator is in the first stable position, the permanent magnet holds the plunger stuck. 112 against the element 134. In this case, the magnetic flux passes through the carcass 122 in the direction of the element 134 and through the plunger.
  • the magnet (s) permanent (s) maintains glued the plunger 112 against the extension 123.
  • the magnetic flux passes through the carcass 122 towards the extension 123 and through the plunger 112, as illustrated in Figure 4B.
  • metal elements 135 in the form of stacked plates may be interposed between the permanent magnet (s) 128 and the tube 20 made of non-magnetic material, the edge of the different plates bearing against said tube 120, as illustrated in the figures AA and 4B. This arrangement makes it possible to reinforce the bonding force and to obtain a more stable and therefore safer device.
  • the plates 135 comprise an orifice whose diameter is adapted to the outside diameter of the tube 120.
  • nonmagnetic walls 160 are provided on either side of the permanent magnets 128 in order to better channel the lines of magnetic field and enhance the bonding effort.
  • a non-magnetic material 162 may be affixed to the end of the plunger and / or against the wall of the extension 123 opposite the plunger. This arrangement makes it possible to modulate the bonding force between the plunger 112 and the extension 123.
  • the actuator 10 comprises means, for example a solenoid 132, likely to emit a non-permanent magnetic field.
  • the solenoid 132 is preferably disposed between the tube 120 and the carcass 122, between the base of the carcass and the permanent magnets 128.
  • nonmagnetic walls are disposed on either side of the solenoid , especially between the solenoid and the permanent magnets 128, so as to channel the magnetic flux of said solenoid.
  • the solenoid 132 is in the form of a cylinder with a bore of diameter adapted to the outside diameter of the tube 120 and whose outer surface is opposite the carcass 122.
  • the solenoid 132 is supplied with electric current so as to generate a magnetic field such that it tends to bring the plunger 112 closer to the extension 123.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets tends to reinforce this translational movement.
  • the solenoid is supplied with electric current so as to generate a magnetic field such that it tends to bring the plunger 112 closer to the element 134.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets tends to reinforce this translational movement.
  • the permanent magnet does not discharge which contributes to increasing the life and reliability of such a device.
  • the carcass used for the second variant can be used for the first variant. It is the same with the arrangement of the permanent magnets, and the solenoid.
  • the bistable actuator could control several bridges.
  • the actuator may comprise two rods each connected to a bridge, the rods being disposed at each end of the plunger.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a circuit breaker comprising two contact plates (44) connected respectively to a circuit, a bridge (48) capable of being in two different states, a first state corresponding to the closed circuit position wherein the bridge (48) is in contact with the contact plates (44) and a second position corresponding to the open circuit position wherein the bridge (48) is spaced apart and no longer in contact with the two contact plates (44), said bridge being connected to a bistable actuator via a rod (14, 114) made of non-magnetic material. The invention is characterized in that the actuator comprises: a plunger (12, 112) connected to the rod (14, 114) slidable in a tube (20, 120) made of non-magnetic material between two stable positions; a U-shaped yoke frame (22, 122) between the branches of which is arranged the tube (20, 120), the tube axis being substantially parallel to the branches of the yoke frame (22, 122); at least one permanent magnet (28, 128) capable of maintaining the plunger (12, 112) in at least one stable position, the permanent magnet (28, 128) having a first pole in contact with the yoke frame (22, 122) and a second pole in direct or indirect contact with the tube (20, 120) perpendicular to the plunger (12, 112); and means, for example, a solenoid (32, 132), capable of emitting a non-permanent magnetic field enabling the plunger (12, 112) to be switched from one stable position to the other, arranged between the tube (20, 120) and the yoke frame (122, 122).

Description

COUPE- CIRCUIT COMPORTANT UN ACTIONNEUR BISTABLE ET DISPOSITIF DE SECURITE EQUIPE DUDIT COUPE- CIRCUIT CIRCUIT BREAKER COMPRISING A BISTABLE ACTUATOR AND SAFETY DEVICE EQUIPPED WITH SAID CIRCUIT BREAKER
La présente invention se rapporte à un coupe-circuit intégrant un actionneur bistable ainsi qu'à un dispositif de sécurité.The present invention relates to a circuit breaker incorporating a bistable actuator and to a safety device.
De façon connue, un coupe-circuit comprend deux plots reliés à un circuit électrique ainsi qu'un pont susceptible d'occuper deux positions, une première position dite "circuit fermé" dans laquelle il est en contact avec les deux plots et assure la continuité électrique, et une seconde position dite "circuit ouvert" dans laquelle il n'est plus en contact avec les plots et n'assure plus la continuité électrique. Ce pont est généralement rapporté à l'extrémité d'une tige d'un actionneur bistable. Selon une première solution, l'actionneur comprend un plongeur prolongé par une tige, disposé à l'intérieur d'un solénoïde, et des moyens de rappel sous forme d'un ressort qui tendent à maintenir le plongeur dans la position dite "circuit ouvert". En fonctionnement normal, le solénoïde est excité et maintient le plongeur en position "circuit fermé". En l'absence de courant, le solénoïde n'est plus excité si bien que le plongeur sous l'action des moyens de rappel prend la position "circuit ouvert". Cette solution a pour principal inconvénient une consommation excessive de courant.In known manner, a circuit breaker comprises two pads connected to an electrical circuit and a bridge capable of occupying two positions, a first position called "closed circuit" in which it is in contact with the two pads and ensures continuity electrical, and a second position called "open circuit" in which it is no longer in contact with the pads and no longer ensures electrical continuity. This bridge is generally attached to the end of a rod of a bistable actuator. According to a first solution, the actuator comprises a plunger extended by a rod, disposed inside a solenoid, and return means in the form of a spring which tend to keep the plunger in the "open circuit" position. ". In normal operation, the solenoid is energized and keeps the plunger in the "closed circuit" position. In the absence of current, the solenoid is no longer energized so that the plunger under the action of the return means takes the "open circuit" position. This solution has the main disadvantage of excessive power consumption.
One autre solution consiste à prévoir des moyens de retenue associés au plongeur susceptibles de maintenir ce dernier dans les deux positions stables "circuit fermé" et "circuit ouvert", ainsi qu'un solénoïde pour agir sur le plongeur de manière à modifier l'état des moyens de retenue et par conséquence la position du plongeur. Cette solution a pour principal avantage de réduire \a consommation d'énergie puisqu'une simple impulsion suffit à exciter le solénoïde et à modifier la position du plongeur. Toutefois, les pièces en mouvement constituant les moyens de retenue génèrent une usure du mécanisme et constituent une source de défaillances. Ils existent d'autres actionneurs bistables. Toutefois, les dispositifs de l'art antérieur ne sont pas satisfaisants car ils sont généralement complexes et difficilement industrialisables. D'autre part, ils n'assurent généralement pas un contact sûr et fiable ce qui peut être préjudiciable dans certaines applications, notamment lorsqu'ils sont utilisés pour des dispositifs de sécurité embarqués sur des véhicules.Another solution consists in providing retaining means associated with the plunger capable of maintaining the latter in the two stable "closed circuit" and "open circuit" positions, as well as a solenoid for acting on the plunger so as to modify the state. retaining means and consequently the position of the plunger. This solution has the main advantage of reducing consumption of energy since a single pulse is sufficient to excite the solenoid and change the position of the plunger. However, the moving parts constituting the retaining means generate a wear of the mechanism and constitute a source of failures. There are other bistable actuators. However, the devices of the prior art are unsatisfactory because they are generally complex and difficult to industrialize. On the other hand, they do not generally provide a safe and reliable contact which can be detrimental in some applications, especially when used for safety devices embedded on vehicles.
Aussi, la présente invention vise à pallier les inconvénients de l'art antérieur en proposant un coupe-circuit comportant un actionneur bistable de conception simple, assurant un contact sûr et fiable. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un coupe-circuit comprenant deux plots reliés respectivement à un circuit, un pont susceptible d'occuper deux états, un premier état correspondant à la position "circuit fermé" dans lequel le pont est en contact avec les plots et un second état correspondant à la position "circuit ouvert" dans lequel le pont est écarté et n'est plus en contact avec les deux plots, ledit pont étant relié à un actionneur bistable par l'intermédiaire d'une tige en matériau amagnétique, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur comprend :Also, the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a circuit breaker comprising a bistable actuator of simple design, ensuring a safe and reliable contact. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a circuit breaker comprising two pads connected respectively to a circuit, a bridge capable of occupying two states, a first state corresponding to the "closed circuit" position in which the bridge is in contact. with the pads and a second state corresponding to the position "open circuit" in which the bridge is spaced apart and is no longer in contact with the two pads, said bridge being connected to a bistable actuator via a rod in non-magnetic material, characterized in that the actuator comprises:
- un plongeur relié à la tige susceptible de coulisser dans un tube en matériau amagnétique entre deux positions stables,a plunger connected to the rod capable of sliding in a tube of non-magnetic material between two stable positions,
- une carcasse en U entre les branches de laquelle est disposé le tube, l'axe du tube étant sensiblement parallèle aux branches de la carcasse, - au moins un aimant permanent susceptible d'assurer le maintien du plongeur dans au moins une position stable, l'aimant permanent ayant un premier pôle en contact avec la carcasse et un second pôle en contact direct ou non avec le tube au droit du plongeur, et - des moyens, par exemple un solénoïde, susceptibles d'émettre un champ magnétique non permanent permettant de commuter le plongeur d'une position stable à l'autre, disposés entre le tube et la carcasse.a U-shaped carcass between the branches of which the tube is arranged, the axis of the tube being substantially parallel to the branches of the carcass; at least one permanent magnet capable of ensuring the retention of the plunger in at least one stable position; the permanent magnet having a first pole in contact with the carcass and a second pole in direct contact or not with the tube in line with the plunger, and - Means, for example a solenoid, capable of emitting a non-permanent magnetic field for switching the plunger from one stable position to the other, arranged between the tube and the carcass.
Cet agencement permet d'obtenir un mécanisme fiable et sûr en raison d'un nombre réduit de pièces en mouvement et à faible consommation d'énergie, une simple impulsion suffisant à assurer le changement d'état du coupe-circuit. La conception simple du dispositif selon l'invention permet également d'obtenir un dispositif industrialisable.This arrangement provides a reliable and safe mechanism due to a reduced number of moving parts and low power consumption, a single pulse sufficient to ensure the change of state of the circuit breaker. The simple design of the device according to the invention also makes it possible to obtain an industrializable device.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront de la description qui va suivre de l'invention, description donnée à titre d'exemple uniquement, en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :Other features and advantages will become apparent from the following description of the invention, a description given by way of example only, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure IA est une coupe d'un coupe-circuit dans une première position dite "circuit fermé",- Figure IA is a section of a circuit breaker in a first position called "closed circuit",
- la figure IB est une coupe du coupe-circuit de la figure IA dans une seconde position dite "circuit ouvert",FIG. 1B is a section of the circuit breaker of FIG. 1A in a second position called "open circuit",
- la figure 2 A est une coupe d'un actionneur bistable selon une première variante de l'invention dans un premier état correspondant à une première position stable,FIG. 2A is a section of a bistable actuator according to a first variant of the invention in a first state corresponding to a first stable position,
- la figure 2B est une coupe de l 'actionneur de la figure 2 A dans un second état correspondant à une seconde position stable, - la figure 3 est une vue éclatée d'un actionneur bistable selon une autre variante de l'invention,FIG. 2B is a section of the actuator of FIG. 2A in a second state corresponding to a second stable position; FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a bistable actuator according to another variant of the invention;
- la figure 4A est une coupe de l'actionneur bistable de la figure 3 dans un premier état correspondant à une première position stable,FIG. 4A is a section of the bistable actuator of FIG. 3 in a first state corresponding to a first stable position,
- la figure 4B est une coupe de l'actionneur bistable de la figure 3 dans un second état correspondant à une seconde position stable,FIG. 4B is a section of the bistable actuator of FIG. 3 in a second state corresponding to a second stable position,
- la figure 5A est une coupe de l'actionneur bistable de la figure 3 illustrant le passage de la première position vers la seconde position, - la figure 5B est une coupe de l'actionneur bistable de la figure 3 illustrant le passage de la seconde position vers la première position,FIG. 5A is a section of the bistable actuator of FIG. 3 illustrating the passage from the first position to the second position, FIG. 5B is a section of the bistable actuator of FIG. 3 illustrating the passage from the second position to the first position,
- la figure 6A est un schéma électrique illustrant un dispositif de sécurité dans un premier état correspondant à un fonctionnement normal, et - la figure 6B est un schéma électrique illustrant le dispositif de la figure 6A dans un second état correspondant à la détection d'un incident. Sur les figures IA et IB, on a représenté un coupe-circuit comprenant un boîtier 42 à l'intérieur duquel sont disposés deux plots 44.1 et 44.2 reliés respectivement à des bornes de connexion 46.1 et 46.2 à un circuit disposées à l'extérieur du boîtier 42 et un pont 48 susceptible d'occuper deux états, un premier état correspondant à la position "circuit fermé" illustrée par la figure IA dans laquelle le pont 48 est en contact avec les plots 44 et assure la continuité électrique entre ces derniers, et un second état correspondant à la position "circuit ouvert" illustrée par la figure IB dans laquelle le pont 48 est écarté, n'est plus en contact avec les deux plots 44 et n'assure plus ainsi la continuité électrique. Selon l'invention, le pont 48 est lié à une tige 14 en matériau amagnétique d'un actionneur bistable 10, la première position stable de l'actionneur correspondant à la position "circuit fermé" et la seconde position stable correspondant à la position "circuit ouvert". L'actionneur 10 est intégré à l'intérieur du boîtier 42 du coupe circuit de telle manière que le pont 48 est relié à la tige 14 en position médiane et la translation de la tige 14 assure la mise en contact du pont 48 avec les plots 44 ou son écartement. Avantageusement, des moyens sont prévus pour maintenir le pont 48 dans un plan et limiter les mouvements de rotation de manière à ce que ledit pont 48 se trouve toujours au droit des plots 44.FIG. 6A is an electrical diagram illustrating a safety device in a first state corresponding to normal operation, and FIG. 6B is an electrical diagram illustrating the device of FIG. 6A in a second state corresponding to the detection of a incident. In FIGS. 1A and 1B, there is shown a circuit breaker comprising a housing 42 inside which two pads 44.1 and 44.2 are arranged respectively connected to connection terminals 46.1 and 46.2 to a circuit arranged outside the housing 42 and a bridge 48 capable of occupying two states, a first state corresponding to the "closed circuit" position illustrated by FIG. 1A in which the bridge 48 is in contact with the pads 44 and ensures the electrical continuity between the latter, and a second state corresponding to the position "open circuit" illustrated by Figure IB in which the bridge 48 is spaced apart, is no longer in contact with the two pads 44 and thus no longer ensures electrical continuity. According to the invention, the bridge 48 is connected to a rod 14 of non-magnetic material of a bistable actuator 10, the first stable position of the actuator corresponding to the "closed circuit" position and the second stable position corresponding to the position " open circuit". The actuator 10 is integrated inside the housing 42 of the circuit breaker so that the bridge 48 is connected to the rod 14 in the middle position and the translation of the rod 14 ensures the contact of the bridge 48 with the pads 44 or its spacing. Advantageously, means are provided for maintaining the bridge 48 in a plane and limiting the rotational movements so that said bridge 48 is always at the right of the studs 44.
Selon une autre caractéristique, le pont 48 peut se translater légèrement le long de la tige 14 et des moyens 50 de rappel sont disposés de part et d'autre du pont 48 de manière à permettre un léger débattement du pont 48 par rapport à la tige. Ce léger débattement permet de faciliter le réglage du coupe-circuit et d'avoir des tolérances dimensionnelles plus larges tout en obtenant un contact efficace entre le pont 48 et les plots 44.According to another characteristic, the bridge 48 can translate slightly along the rod 14 and 50 return means are arranged on either side of the bridge 48 so as to allow a slight movement of the bridge 48 relative to the stem. This slight clearance makes it easier to adjust the circuit breaker and to have wider dimensional tolerances while obtaining effective contact between the bridge 48 and the pads 44.
Selon une autre caractéristique, le circuit de commande permettant de piloter l'actionneur est intégré dans le boîtier 42, plus particulièrement dans un logement 49 ménagé en partie supérieure dudit boîtier. En complément, le circuit de commande est alimenté par une alimentation permanente logée à l'intérieur du boîtier 42 pour des raisons de sécurité, en reliant par un fil électrique l'un des plots audit circuit. Selon l'invention, un actionneur bistable 10 comprend un plongeur 12, prolongé par une tige 14 reliée au pont 48 du coupe-circuit, logé en partie ou en totalité dans un boîtier 16, susceptible d'occuper deux états, un premier état correspondant à une première position stable illustrée par la figure ZA, et un second état correspondant à une seconde position stable illustrée par la figure 2B.According to another characteristic, the control circuit for controlling the actuator is integrated in the housing 42, more particularly in a housing 49 formed in the upper part of said housing. In addition, the control circuit is powered by a permanent power supply housed inside the housing 42 for security reasons, by connecting one of the pins to said circuit by means of an electrical wire. According to the invention, a bistable actuator 10 comprises a plunger 12, extended by a rod 14 connected to the bridge 48 of the circuit breaker, housed in part or entirely in a housing 16, capable of occupying two states, a corresponding first state at a first stable position illustrated by Figure ZA, and a second state corresponding to a second stable position shown in Figure 2B.
Le changement d'état se traduit par une translation de la tige 14, cette dernière étant plus sortie du boîtier 16 dans la première position stable dans l'exemple choisi. Cette tige est en matériau insensible aux champs magnétiques. Le plongeur 12 comprend un corps en matériau sensible au champ magnétique, à une extrémité duquel la tige 14 en matériau amagnétique est solidarisée, par vissage par exemple. Le corps du plongeur 12 est susceptible de coulisser dans un alésage 18 ménagé dans un tube 20 en matériau amagnétique intégré dans le boîtier 16. Des moyens d'arrêt en translation sont prévus pour limiter le mouvement de translation du plongeur 12, chaque moyen d'arrêt matérialisant une position stable. Selon un mode de réalisation, le boîtier 16 comprend une carcasse 22 en matériau magnétique à l'intérieur de laquelle est disposé le tube 20, un orifice 24 permettant le passage de la tige 14 dont le diamètre est inférieur à celui du corps du plongeur. Ainsi, dans la première position stable illustrée par la figure ZA, le corps du plongeur vient s'immobiliser contre la carcasse 22 ou un élément solidaire de la carcasse, alors que dans la seconde position stable illustrée par la figure 2B, c'est un épaulement 26 ménagé au niveau de la tige 14 qui vient en butée contre la carcasse 22 ou un élément lié à la carcasse.The change of state results in a translation of the rod 14, the latter being further out of the housing 16 in the first stable position in the example chosen. This rod is made of material insensitive to magnetic fields. The plunger 12 comprises a body of material sensitive to the magnetic field, at one end of which the rod 14 of non-magnetic material is secured, for example by screwing. The body of the plunger 12 is slidable in a bore 18 formed in a tube 20 of non-magnetic material integrated in the casing 16. Translational stop means are provided to limit the translational movement of the plunger 12, each means of stop showing a stable position. According to one embodiment, the housing 16 comprises a carcass 22 of magnetic material inside which is disposed the tube 20, an orifice 24 allowing the passage of the rod 14 whose diameter is smaller than that of the body of the diver. Thus, in the first stable position illustrated by FIG. ZA, the body of the plunger comes to rest against the carcass 22 or an element integral with the carcass, whereas in the second stable position illustrated by FIG. 2B, it is a shoulder 26 formed at the rod 14 which abuts against the carcass 22 or a component attached to the carcass.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'actionneur 10 comprend au moins un aimant permanent 28 susceptible d'assurer le maintien du plongeur 12 dans la première position stable comme illustré par la figure ZA, et des moyens de rappel 30 susceptibles d'assurer le maintien du plongeur 12 dans la seconde position stable comme illustré par la figure 2B et la translation du plongeur de la première position stable vers la seconde position stable.According to one characteristic of the invention, the actuator 10 comprises at least one permanent magnet 28 capable of ensuring the retention of the plunger 12 in the first stable position as illustrated by FIG. ZA, and return means 30 capable of ensuring maintaining the plunger 12 in the second stable position as illustrated in Figure 2B and the translation of the plunger from the first stable position to the second stable position.
En complément, l'actionneur 10 comprend des moyens, par exemple un solénoïde 32, susceptibles d'émettre un champ magnétique non permanent dont la valeur est telle qu'en son absence, l'effort généré par le champ magnétique des aimants permanents 28 est supérieur à celui des moyens de rappel 30 alors qu'en sa présence, l'effort produit par les moyens de rappel 30 est supérieur à celui produit par le champ magnétique des aimants permanents 28 si bien que le plongeur se translate de la première position stable vers la seconde. Ainsi, il suffit d'une simple impulsion électrique pour exciter le solénoïde 32 et générer la translation du plongeur de la première translation stable vers la seconde position stable.In addition, the actuator 10 comprises means, for example a solenoid 32, capable of emitting a non-permanent magnetic field whose value is such that, in its absence, the force generated by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 28 is greater than that of the return means 30 while in its presence, the force produced by the return means 30 is greater than that produced by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 28 so that the plunger is translated from the first stable position towards the second. Thus, it suffices for a simple electrical pulse to excite the solenoid 32 and generate the translation of the plunger from the first stable translation to the second stable position.
En variante, le solénoïde 32 est susceptible d'émettre dans un premier état un champ magnétique qui renforce les effets du champ magnétique des aimants permanents 28 et dans un second état un champ magnétique qui réduit ou annule les effets du champ magnétique de l'aimant permanent. Ainsi, le plongeur se translate par inversion de la polarisation du solénoïde 32. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, illustré par les figures 2A et 2B, le dispositif comprend un élément 34 en matériau magnétique disposé à l'intérieur du tube 20 en matériau amagnétique, offrant une surface de contact 36 importante au droit du plongeur 12. Cet élément 34 est lié à la carcasse 22 et comprend un alésage 38 permettant le passage de la tige 14. Les aimants permanents 28 sont disposés à l'intérieur de la carcasse 22 et à l'extérieur du tube 20 en matériau amagnétique et possèdent une surface en contact avec la carcasse 22. De préférence, les aimants permanents 28 comprennent un premier pôle en contact avec la carcasse 22 et un second pδle en contact avec le tube 20 au droit du plongeur 12. En complément, le solénoïde 32 est disposé à l'intérieur de la carcasse 22 et à l'extérieur du tube 20 en matériau amagnétique entre les aimants permanents 28 et l'élément de contact 34. En l'absence de champ magnétique produit par le solénoïde 32, les aimants permanents 28 produisent un champ magnétique via la carcasse 22 et l'élément de contact 34 qui engendre un effort de collage magnétique au niveau de la surface 36 entre le plongeur 12 et l'élément de contact 34. Au contraire, lorsque le solénoïde est excité, il produit un champ magnétique qui perturbe le champ magnétique des aimants permanents 28 si bien que l'effort de collage magnétique au niveau de la surface 36 est nul ou du moins inférieur à l'effort produit par les moyens de rappel 30 engendrant par conséquence la translation du plongeur 12 de la première position stable vers la seconde position stable. Cet agencement permet d'obtenir une surface de contact importante d'où un effort de collage magnétique plus important assurant un maintien fiable du plongeur dans la première position stable. Par ailleurs, en disposant le plongeur 12 dans un tube 20 en matériau amagnétique, les mouvements du plongeur ne sont pas perturbés par les effets directs des aimants permanents 28 ou du solénoïde 32, le seul effort magnétique susceptible d'influencer le plongeur 12 étant celui produit par l'élément de contact 34 disposé à l'intérieur du tube 20. Par ailleurs, le solénoïde étant disposé au droit de la carcasse 22 entre les aimants permanents 28 et l'élément de contact 34, le champ magnétique produit par le solénoïde perturbe de manière plus efficace le champ produit par l'aimant permanent.Alternatively, the solenoid 32 is capable of emitting in a first state a magnetic field which enhances the effects of the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 28 and in a second state a magnetic field which reduces or cancels the effects of the magnetic field of the magnet permanent. Thus, the plunger translates by reversing the polarization of the solenoid 32. According to a preferred embodiment, illustrated by FIGS. 2A and 2B, the device comprises an element 34 made of magnetic material disposed inside. tube 20 of non-magnetic material, providing a large contact surface 36 to the plunger 12. This element 34 is connected to the carcass 22 and comprises a bore 38 allowing the passage of the rod 14. The permanent magnets 28 are arranged at inside the carcass 22 and outside the tube 20 of non-magnetic material and have a surface in contact with the carcass 22. Preferably, the permanent magnets 28 comprise a first pole in contact with the carcass 22 and a second pole in contact with the tube 20 to the plunger 12. In addition, the solenoid 32 is disposed inside the carcass 22 and outside the tube 20 of non-magnetic material between the permanent magnets 28 and the contact element 34 In the absence of a magnetic field produced by the solenoid 32, the permanent magnets 28 produce a magnetic field via the carcass 22 and the contact element 34 which generates a magnetic bonding force to the calf of the surface 36 between the plunger 12 and the contact element 34. On the contrary, when the solenoid is excited, it produces a magnetic field which disturbs the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 28 so that the magnetic bonding force at level of the surface 36 is zero or at least less than the force produced by the biasing means 30 generating consequently the translation of the plunger 12 from the first stable position to the second stable position. This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a large contact surface, hence a greater magnetic bonding force ensuring a reliable holding of the plunger in the first stable position. Moreover, by arranging the plunger 12 in a tube 20 of non-magnetic material, the movements of the plunger are not disturbed by the direct effects of the permanent magnets 28 or the solenoid 32, the only magnetic force likely to influence the plunger 12 being the produced by the contact element 34 disposed inside the tube 20. Furthermore, the solenoid being disposed at the right of the carcass 22 between the permanent magnets 28 and the contact element 34, the magnetic field produced by the solenoid more effectively disturbs the field produced by the permanent magnet.
La translation du plongeur 12 de la seconde position stable vers la première position stable, appelée également réarmement de l'actionneur, peut être obtenue par différents moyens. Ainsi, la distance séparant le plongeur 12 et l'élément de contact 34 dans la seconde position stable et/ou l'effort de collage magnétique produit par les aimants permanents 28 peuvent être tels qu'en l'absence de champ magnétique produit par le solénoïde, le plongeur est soumis à l'effort d'attraction de l'élément de contact 34 et se translate de la seconde position stable vers la première position stable.The translation of the plunger 12 from the second stable position to the first stable position, also called rearming of the actuator, can be obtained by various means. Thus, the distance separating the plunger 12 and the contact element 34 in the second stable position and / or the magnetic bonding force produced by the permanent magnets 28 may be such that in the absence of a magnetic field produced by the solenoid, the plunger is subjected to the attraction force of the contact element 34 and is translated from the second stable position to the first stable position.
En variante, la translation de la seconde position stable vers la première peut être obtenue par des moyens mécaniques qui agissent sur le plongeur 12, notamment un bouton poussoir actionné manuellement par un opérateur. Selon une autre variante, des éléments métalliques sous forme de plaques empilées peuvent être interposés entre le ou les aimants permanents et le tube 20 en matériau amagnétique, le chant des différentes plaques venant en appui contre ledit tube 20, comme illustré sur la figure 3. Cet agencement permet de renforcer l'effort de collage et d'obtenir un dispositif plus stable et donc plus sûr. De préférence, des parois amagnétiques 60 sont prévues de part et d'autre des aimants permanents 28 afin de mieux canaliser les lignes de champ magnétique et de renforcer l'effort de collage.Alternatively, the translation of the second stable position to the first can be obtained by mechanical means which act on the plunger 12, including a push button manually operated by an operator. According to another variant, metal elements in the form of stacked plates may be interposed between the permanent magnet (s) and the tube (20) of non-magnetic material, the edge of the various plates bearing against said tube (20), as illustrated in FIG. This arrangement makes it possible to reinforce the bonding force and to obtain a more stable and therefore safer device. Preferably, nonmagnetic walls 60 are provided on either side of the permanent magnets 28 in order to better channel the magnetic field lines and to reinforce the bonding force.
Le principe du coupe-circuit utilisant un actionneur bistable tel que décrit précédemment est maintenant précisé. En l'absence de champ magnétique produit par le solénoïde 32 comme illustré par la figure IA, les aimants permanents 28 maintiennent le plongeur 12 dans la première position, le pont 48 est en contact contre les plots 44, si bien que le coupe-circuit 40 est en positon "circuit fermé" et assure la continuité électrique. Lorsqu'une impulsion électrique est transmise au solénoïde 32, ce dernier excité produit un champ magnétique qui perturbe le champ magnétique des aimants permanents 28 si bien que les moyens de rappel produisent un effort sur le plongeur 12 supérieur à l'effort magnétique de collage et engendrent la translation du plongeur de la première position stable vers la seconde position stable provoquant l'écartement du pont 48 des plots 44. Dans cet état, le coupe- circuit 40 est en position "circuit ouvert" et n'assure plus la continuité électrique. Des moyens de réarment sont prévus au niveau du coupe-circuit pour assurer le retour en position "circuit fermé" et la translation du plongeur 12 de la seconde position stable vers la première position stable comme évoqué précédemment. Avantageusement, le coupe-circuit décrit est utilisé en tant que coupe-batterie, l'une des bornes de connexion étant reliée à l'une des bornes d'une batterie non représentée. Sur les figures 6A et 6B, on a représenté un dispositif de sécurité, plus particulièrement destiné à un véhicule.The principle of the circuit breaker using a bistable actuator as described above is now specified. In the absence of a magnetic field produced by the solenoid 32 as illustrated in FIG. 1A, the permanent magnets 28 keep the plunger 12 in the first position, the bridge 48 is in contact with the pads 44, so that the circuit breaker 40 is in "closed circuit" position and ensures electrical continuity. When an electrical pulse is transmitted to the solenoid 32, the latter causes a magnetic field which disturbs the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 28 so that the return means produce a force on the plunger 12 greater than the magnetic gluing force and generate the translation of the plunger from the first stable position to the second stable position causing the separation of the bridge 48 of the pads 44. In this state, the circuit breaker 40 is in "open circuit" position and no longer ensures electrical continuity . Means of rearming are provided at the circuit breaker to ensure the return to "closed circuit" position and the translation of the plunger 12 from the second stable position to the first stable position as mentioned above. Advantageously, the circuit breaker described is used as a battery switch, one of the connection terminals being connected to one of the terminals of a battery not shown. Figures 6A and 6B, there is shown a safety device, more particularly for a vehicle.
Il comprend un coupe-circuit 40 relié à un circuit de puissance 52, dans l'exemple d'un véhicule l'une des bornes de connexion 46 est reliée à la borne d'une batterie. Le coupe-circuit 40 comprend un actionneur bistable 10 dont le solénoïde 32 est intégré à un circuit dit de commande 52, comprenant un ou plusieurs détecteurs d'incident 54, tels qu'un détecteur de choc ou un détecteur d'inclinaison.It comprises a circuit breaker 40 connected to a power circuit 52, in the example of a vehicle one of the connection terminals 46 is connected to the terminal of a battery. The circuit breaker 40 comprises a bistable actuator 10 whose solenoid 32 is integrated in a so-called control circuit 52, comprising one or more incident detectors 54, such as a shock detector or an inclination detector.
En fonctionnement normal, sans incident tel qu'illustré par la figure 6A, les détecteurs d'incident 54 sont en position ouverte et aucune impulsion électrique n'est transmise au solénoïde 32 de l'actionneur bistable 10 si bien que le coupe circuit est en position "circuit fermé".In normal operation, without incident as shown in FIG. 6A, the incident detectors 54 are in the open position and no electrical impulse is transmitted to the solenoid 32 of the bistable actuator 10 so that the circuit breaker is in the open position. closed circuit position.
En présence d'un incident tel qu'illustré par la figure 6B, le détecteur d'incident 54 transmet une impulsion électrique au solénoïde 32 de l'actionneur bistable 10 engendrant le changement d'état du coupe-circuit 40 qui passe en position "circuit ouvert" et dans le cas d'un véhicule coupe l'alimentation de la batterie. Le dispositif de l'invention est plus particulièrement intéressant car il ne comprend qu'un nombre limité de pièces en mouvement si bien que sa durée de vie est allongée et sa fiabilité améliorée. Par ailleurs, le dispositif de l'invention ne nécessite qu'une faible quantité d'énergie électrique pour fonctionner et changer d'état puisqu'une simple impulsion suffit et ne consomme pas d'énergie pour rester en position "circuit fermé". Sur les figures 3, 4A, 4B, 5A et 5B, on a représenté un actionneur bistable 100 selon une autre variante de l'invention. Les éléments communs à la première variante sont référencés en ajoutant 100 aux références précédemment utilisées. Contrairement à la première variante, cette variante ne comprend aucun élément de rappel pour maintenir le plongeur dans une position stable ou pour le faire passer d'une position à l'autre. Comme précédemment, l'actionneur 100 comprend un plongeur 112, prolongé par une tige 114 en matériau insensible aux champs magnétiques, reliée au pont 48 du coupe-circuit, logé en partie ou en totalité dans un boîtier 116, ledit plongeur étant susceptible d'occuper deux états, un premier état correspondant à une première position stable illustrée par la figure 4A1 et un second état correspondant à une seconde position stable illustrée par la figure 4B.In the presence of an incident as illustrated by FIG. 6B, the incident detector 54 transmits an electric pulse to the solenoid 32 of the bistable actuator 10. causing the change of state of the circuit breaker 40 which goes to the "open circuit" position and in the case of a vehicle cuts off the power supply of the battery. The device of the invention is particularly interesting because it includes only a limited number of moving parts so that its life is extended and its reliability improved. Furthermore, the device of the invention requires only a small amount of electrical energy to operate and change state since a single pulse is sufficient and does not consume energy to stay in "closed circuit" position. In FIGS. 3, 4A, 4B, 5A and 5B, there is shown a bistable actuator 100 according to another variant of the invention. The elements common to the first variant are referenced by adding 100 to the previously used references. Unlike the first variant, this variant does not include any return element to maintain the plunger in a stable position or to move it from one position to another. As before, the actuator 100 comprises a plunger 112, extended by a rod 114 of magnetic field insensitive material, connected to the bridge 48 of the circuit breaker, housed in part or entirely in a housing 116, said plunger being capable of occupy two states, a first state corresponding to a first stable position illustrated by Figure 4A 1 and a second state corresponding to a second stable position shown in Figure 4B.
Cette variante permet un collage magnétique en position « circuit ouvert » ce qui contribue à rendre plus sûr le coupe-circuit, notamment lorsque ce dernier est monté sur un véhicule transporté sur rai\s. Le changement d'état se traduit par une translation de la tige 114. Le plongeur 112 comprend un corps en matériau sensible au champ magnétique, à une extrémité duquel la tige 114 en matériau amagnétique est solidarisée, par vissage par exemple. Le corps du plongeur 112 est susceptible de coulisser dans un alésage 118 ménagé dans un tube 120 en matériau amagnétique intégré dans le boîtier 116.This variant allows magnetic bonding in the "open circuit" position which contributes to making the circuit breaker safer, especially when the latter is mounted on a vehicle transported on rails. The change of state results in a translation of the rod 114. The plunger 112 comprises a body of material sensitive to the magnetic field, at one end of which the rod 114 of nonmagnetic material is secured, for example by screwing. The body of the plunger 112 is capable of sliding in a bore 118 formed in a tube 120 of non-magnetic material integrated in the housing 116.
Des moyens d'arrêt en translation sont prévus pour limiter le mouvement de translation du plongeur 112, chaque moyen d'arrêt matérialisant une position 5 stable.Translation stopping means are provided to limit the translational movement of the plunger 112, each stop means embodying a stable position.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le boîtier 116 comprend une carcasse 122 en matériau sensible au champ magnétique à l'intérieur de laquelle est disposé le tube 120, avec un orifice 124 permettant le passage de la tige 114 dont le diamètre est inférieur à celui du corps du plongeur. Comme illustré sur la figureAccording to one embodiment, the housing 116 comprises a carcass 122 of magnetic field-sensitive material inside which the tube 120 is disposed, with an orifice 124 allowing the passage of the rod 114 whose diameter is smaller than that of the body of the diver. As shown in the figure
10 3, la carcasse 122 a une forme en U, l'orifice 124 étant ménagé au niveau de la base et le tube 120 s'étendant entre les deux branches de manière sensiblement parallèle au deux branches. La carcasse 122 comprend un prolongement 123 s'étendant à partir d'au moins une branche du U sensiblement parallèle à la base du U, le tube 120 étant placé entre la base du U et le prolongement 123.3, the carcass 122 has a U-shape, the orifice 124 being provided at the base and the tube 120 extending between the two branches substantially parallel to the two branches. The carcass 122 comprises an extension 123 extending from at least one leg of the U substantially parallel to the base of the U, the tube 120 being placed between the base of the U and the extension 123.
15 Ainsi, dans la première position stable illustrée par la figure 4A, le corps du plongeur vient s'immobiliser contre la base du U de la carcasse 122 ou un élément solidaire de ladite base, alors que dans la seconde position stable le corps du plongeur vient s'immobiliser contre le prolongement 123 de la carcasse 122. Selon ce mode de réalisation, la carcasse 122 à savoir la forme en U et leThus, in the first stable position illustrated in FIG. 4A, the body of the plunger comes to rest against the base of the U of the carcass 122 or an element integral with said base, whereas in the second stable position the body of the plunger comes to rest against the extension 123 of the carcass 122. According to this embodiment, the carcass 122, namely the U shape and the
20 prolongement 123 sont en matériau sensible au champ magnétique.Extension 123 are of magnetic field sensitive material.
» Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le dispositif comprend un élément 134 en matériau magnétique disposé en l'intérieur du tube 120 en matériau amagnétique, offrant une surface de contact 136 importante au droit du plongeur 112. Cet élément 134 est lié à la carcasse 122 et comprend un alésage 138 permettant leAccording to a preferred embodiment, the device comprises an element 134 of magnetic material disposed inside the tube 120 of non-magnetic material, providing a significant contact surface 136 to the right of the plunger 112. This element 134 is linked to the carcass 122 and includes a bore 138 allowing the
25 passage de la tige 114.Passage of the rod 114.
Selon ce mode de réalisation, l'actionneur 110 comprend au moins un aimant permanent 128 susceptible d'assurer le maintien du plongeur 112 dans les deux positions stables. Les aimants permanents 128 sont disposés à l'intérieur de la carcasse 122 et à l'extérieur du tube 120 en matériau amagnétique et possède une surface en contact avec la carcasse 122. De préférence, les aimants permanents 128 comprennent un premier pôle (par exemple sud) en contact avec la carcasse 122 et un second pδle (par exemple nord) en contact avec le tube 120 au droit du plongeur 112.According to this embodiment, the actuator 110 comprises at least one permanent magnet 128 capable of maintaining the plunger 112 in the two stable positions. The permanent magnets 128 are disposed inside the carcass 122 and outside the tube 120 of non-magnetic material and have a surface in contact with the carcass 122. Preferably, the permanent magnets 128 comprise a first pole (for example south) in contact with the carcass 122 and a second pole (eg north) in contact with the tube 120 to the right of the plunger 112.
Avantageusement, l'actionneur bistable comprend deux aimants permanents, un disposé contre chacune des branches du U de là carcasse 122. Comme illustré sur la figure AA, lorsque l'actionneur est dans la première position stable, l'aimant permanent maintient collé le plongeur 112 contre l'élément 134. Dans ce cas, le flux magnétique passe à travers la carcasse 122 en direction de l'élément 134 et à travers le plongeur.Advantageously, the bistable actuator comprises two permanent magnets, one disposed against each of the legs of the U of the carcass 122. As illustrated in FIG. AA, when the actuator is in the first stable position, the permanent magnet holds the plunger stuck. 112 against the element 134. In this case, the magnetic flux passes through the carcass 122 in the direction of the element 134 and through the plunger.
Lorsque l'actionneur est dans la seconde position stable, le ou les aimant(s) permanent(s) maintient collé le plongeur 112 contre le prolongement 123. Dans ce cas, le flux magnétique passe à travers la carcasse 122 en direction du prolongement 123 et à travers le plongeur 112, comme illustré sur la figure 4B. Selon une autre caractéristique, des éléments 135 métalliques sous forme de plaques empilées peuvent être interposés entre le ou les aimants permanents 128 et le tube 20 en matériau amagnétique, le chant des différentes plaques venant en appui contre ledit tube 120, comme illustré sur les figures AA et 4B. Cet agencement permet de renforcer l'effort de collage et d'obtenir un dispositif plus stable et donc plus sur. Selon un mode de réalisation, les plaques 135 comprennent un orifice dont le diamètre est adapté au diamètre extérieur du tube 120. De préférence, des parois amagnétiques 160 sont prévues de part et d'autre des aimants permanents 128 afin de mieux canaliser les lignes de champ magnétique et de renforcer l'effort de collage. Selon une autre variante, un matériau amagnétique 162 peut être apposé à l'extrémité du plongeur et/ou contre la paroi du prolongement 123 en regard du plongeur. Cet agencement permet de moduler l'effort de collage entre le plongeur 112 et le prolongement 123. Pour assurer la translation du plongeur 112 d'une position stable à l'autre, l'actionneur 10 comprend des moyens, par exemple un solénoïde 132, susceptibles d'émettre un champ magnétique non permanent.When the actuator is in the second stable position, the magnet (s) permanent (s) maintains glued the plunger 112 against the extension 123. In this case, the magnetic flux passes through the carcass 122 towards the extension 123 and through the plunger 112, as illustrated in Figure 4B. According to another characteristic, metal elements 135 in the form of stacked plates may be interposed between the permanent magnet (s) 128 and the tube 20 made of non-magnetic material, the edge of the different plates bearing against said tube 120, as illustrated in the figures AA and 4B. This arrangement makes it possible to reinforce the bonding force and to obtain a more stable and therefore safer device. According to one embodiment, the plates 135 comprise an orifice whose diameter is adapted to the outside diameter of the tube 120. Preferably, nonmagnetic walls 160 are provided on either side of the permanent magnets 128 in order to better channel the lines of magnetic field and enhance the bonding effort. According to another variant, a non-magnetic material 162 may be affixed to the end of the plunger and / or against the wall of the extension 123 opposite the plunger. This arrangement makes it possible to modulate the bonding force between the plunger 112 and the extension 123. To ensure the translation of the plunger 112 from one stable position to the other, the actuator 10 comprises means, for example a solenoid 132, likely to emit a non-permanent magnetic field.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le solénoïde 132 est disposé de préférence entre le tube 120 et la carcasse 122, entre la base de la carcasse et les aimants permanents 128. De préférence, des parois amagnétiques sont disposées de part et d'autre du solénoïde, notamment entre le solénoïde et les aimants permanents 128, de manière à canaliser les flux magnétiques dudit solénoïde. Selon un mode de réalisation, le solénoïde 132 se présente sous la forme d'un cylindre avec un alésage de diamètre adapté au diamètre extérieur du tube 120 et dont la surface extérieure est en regard de la carcasse 122.According to one embodiment, the solenoid 132 is preferably disposed between the tube 120 and the carcass 122, between the base of the carcass and the permanent magnets 128. Preferably, nonmagnetic walls are disposed on either side of the solenoid , especially between the solenoid and the permanent magnets 128, so as to channel the magnetic flux of said solenoid. According to one embodiment, the solenoid 132 is in the form of a cylinder with a bore of diameter adapted to the outside diameter of the tube 120 and whose outer surface is opposite the carcass 122.
Pour permettre le passage de la première position vers la seconde position comme illustré sur la figure 5Λ, le solénoïde 132 est alimenté en courant électrique de manière à générer un champ magnétique tel qu'il tend à rapprocher le plongeur 112 du prolongement 123. On note que lorsque le plongeur s'approche du prolongement 123, le flux magnétique généré par les aimants permanents tend à renforcer ce mouvement de translation.To allow the passage from the first position to the second position as illustrated in FIG. 5Λ, the solenoid 132 is supplied with electric current so as to generate a magnetic field such that it tends to bring the plunger 112 closer to the extension 123. when the plunger approaches the extension 123, the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets tends to reinforce this translational movement.
Pour permettre le passage de la seconde position vers la première position comme illustré sur la figure 5B, le solénoïde est alimenté en courant électrique de manière à générer un champ magnétique tel qu'il tend à rapprocher le plongeur 112 de l'élément 134. On note que lorsque le plongeur s'approche de l'élément 134, le flux magnétique généré par les aimants permanents tend à renforcer ce mouvement de translation. Cet agencement permet d'obtenir une conception simple de l'actionneur et un maintien dans les positions stables sûr et fiable. De plus, selon cet agencement, on note que l'aimant permanent ne se décharge pas ce qui contribue à accroître la durée de vie et la fiabilité d'un tel dispositif. Par ailleurs, la carcasse utilisée pour la seconde variante peut être utilisée pour la première variante. Il en est de même de l'agencement des aimants permanents, et du solénoïde. En variante, on peut envisager d'utiliser un seul aimant permanent, notamment en forme d'anneau. Enfin, l'actionneur bistable pourrait commander plusieurs ponts. Ainsi, l'actionneur peut comprendre deux tiges reliées chacune à un pont, les tiges étant disposées à chaque extrémité du plongeur. To allow the passage from the second position to the first position as illustrated in FIG. 5B, the solenoid is supplied with electric current so as to generate a magnetic field such that it tends to bring the plunger 112 closer to the element 134. note that when the plunger approaches the element 134, the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets tends to reinforce this translational movement. This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a simple design of the actuator and a maintenance in the stable positions that is safe and reliable. In addition, according to this arrangement, it is noted that the permanent magnet does not discharge which contributes to increasing the life and reliability of such a device. Furthermore, the carcass used for the second variant can be used for the first variant. It is the same with the arrangement of the permanent magnets, and the solenoid. In a variant, it is conceivable to use a single permanent magnet, in particular in the form of a ring. Finally, the bistable actuator could control several bridges. Thus, the actuator may comprise two rods each connected to a bridge, the rods being disposed at each end of the plunger.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Coupe-circuit comprenant deux plots (44) reliés respectivement à un circuit, un pont (48) susceptible d'occuper deux états, un premier état correspondant à la position "circuit fermé" dans lequel le pont (48) est en contact avec les plots (44) et un second état correspondant à la position "circuit ouvert" dans lequel le pont (48) est écarté et n'est plus en contact avec les deux plots (44), ledit pont étant relié à un actionneur bistable par l'intermédiaire d'une tige (14, 114) en matériau amagnétique, caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur comprend :1. Circuit breaker comprising two pads (44) respectively connected to a circuit, a bridge (48) capable of occupying two states, a first state corresponding to the "closed circuit" position in which the bridge (48) is in contact with the pads (44) and a second state corresponding to the "open circuit" position in which the bridge (48) is spaced apart and is no longer in contact with the two pads (44), said bridge being connected to a bistable actuator via a rod (14, 114) of non-magnetic material, characterized in that the actuator comprises:
- un plongeur (12, 112) relié à la tige (14, 114) susceptible de coulisser dans un tube (20, 120) en matériau amagnétique entre deux positions stables,- a plunger (12, 112) connected to the rod (14, 114) slidable in a tube (20, 120) of non-magnetic material between two stable positions,
- une carcasse (22, 122) en U entre les branches de laquelle est disposé le tube (20, 120), l'axe du tube étant sensiblement parallèle aux branches de la carcasse (22, 122),- a carcass (22, 122) in U between the branches of which is disposed the tube (20, 120), the axis of the tube being substantially parallel to the branches of the carcass (22, 122),
- au moins un aimant permanent (28, 128) susceptible d'assurer le maintien du plongeur (12, 112) dans au moins une position stable, l'aimant permanent (28,at least one permanent magnet (28, 128) capable of maintaining the plunger (12, 112) in at least one stable position, the permanent magnet (28,
128) ayant un premier pôle en contact avec la carcasse (22, 122) et un second pδle en contact direct ou non avec le tube (20, 120) au droit du plongeur (12, 112), et128) having a first pole in contact with the carcass (22, 122) and a second pole in direct contact or not with the tube (20, 120) to the plunger (12, 112), and
- des moyens, par exemple un solénoïde (32, 132), susceptibles d'émettre un champ magnétique non permanent permettant de commuter le plongeur (12,means, for example a solenoid (32, 132), capable of emitting a non-permanent magnetic field making it possible to switch the plunger (12,
112) d'une position stable à l'autre, disposés entre le tube (20, 120) et la carcasse (22, 122).112) from one stable position to the other, arranged between the tube (20, 120) and the carcass (22, 122).
2. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un élément de contact (34, 134) en matériau magnétique disposé à l'intérieur du tube (20, 120) offrant une surface de contact (36, 136) importante au droit du plongeur (12, 112), ledit élément de contact (34, 134) étant relié à la carcasse.2. Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a contact element (34, 134) of magnetic material disposed inside the tube (20, 120) providing a large contact surface (36, 136) to the plunger (12, 112), said contact member (34, 134) being connected to the carcass.
3. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (32, 132) d'émission d'un champ magnétique non permanent sont disposés à l'extérieur du tube (20, 120) en matériau amagnétique entre la base de la carcasse (22, 122) et le ou les aimant(s) ρermanent(s) (28, 128).3. Circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means (32, 132) for transmitting a non-permanent magnetic field are arranged outside the tube (20, 120) of non-magnetic material between the base of the carcass (22, 122) and the magnet (s) ρermanent (s) (28, 128).
4. Coupe-circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que des éléments métalliques (135) sous forme de plaques empilées sont interposés entre le ou les aimants permanents et le tube (20, 120) en matériau amagnétique, le chant des différentes plaques venant en appui contre ledit tube (20, 120).4. Circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that metal elements (135) in the form of stacked plates are interposed between the permanent magnet (s) and the tube (20, 120) of non-magnetic material. the edge of the different plates bearing against said tube (20, 120).
5. Coupe-circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des parois amagnétiques (160) de part et d'autre de I' ou des aimant(s) permanent(s) (128) afin de mieux canaliser les lignes de champ magnétique et de renforcer l'effort de collage.5. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises nonmagnetic walls (160) on either side of I 'or permanent magnet (s) (128) so to better channel the magnetic field lines and strengthen the bonding force.
6. Coupe-circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des parois amagnétiques (160) de part et d'autre des moyens (32, 132) d'émission d'un champ magnétique non permanent afin de mieux canaliser les lignes de champ magnétique et de renforcer l'effort de collage.6. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises nonmagnetic walls (160) on either side of the means (32, 132) for transmitting a non-permanent magnetic field. to better channel the magnetic field lines and enhance the bonding effort.
7. Coupe-circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la carcasse comprend un prolongement (123) s'étendant à partir d'au moins une branche du U sensiblement parallèle à la base du U, le tube (120) étant placé entre la base du U et le prolongement (123). 7. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carcass comprises an extension (123) extending from at least one branch of the U substantially parallel to the base of the U, the tube ( 120) being placed between the base of the U and the extension (123).
8. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un matériau amagnétique (162) est apposé à l'extrémité du plongeur et/ou contre la paroi du prolongement (123) en regard du plongeur. 8. Circuit breaker according to claim 7, characterized in that a non-magnetic material (162) is affixed to the end of the plunger and / or against the wall of the extension (123) facing the plunger.
9. Coupe-circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le pont (48) est relié par l'intermédiaire d'une tige (14) en matériau amagnétique au plongeur (12) et peut se translater légèrement le long de ladite tige (14), des moyens (50) de rappel étant disposés de part et d'autre du pont (48) de manière à permettre un léger débattement du pont (48) par rapport à la tige (14).9. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bridge (48) is connected by means of a rod (14) of non-magnetic material to the plunger (12) and can be translated slightly the along said rod (14), means (50) for return being arranged on either side of the bridge (48) so as to allow a slight movement of the bridge (48) relative to the rod (14).
10. Dispositif de sécurité comprenant un coupe-circuit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, relié à un circuit de puissance (52), les moyens d'émission d'un champ magnétique non permanent étant reliés à un ou plusieurs détecteurs d ' incident (54). 10. Safety device comprising a circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, connected to a power circuit (52), the means for transmitting a non-permanent magnetic field being connected to one or more detectors. incident (54).
EP04816568A 2004-06-15 2004-12-16 Circuit breaker comprising a bistable actuator and safety device equipped with said circuit breaker Withdrawn EP1761939A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0406453A FR2871617B1 (en) 2004-06-15 2004-06-15 BISTABLE ACTUATOR, CIRCUIT BREAKER COMPRISING THE ACTUATOR AND SAFETY DEVICE EQUIPPED WITH SAID CIRCUIT BREAKER
PCT/FR2004/050715 WO2006005817A1 (en) 2004-06-15 2004-12-16 Circuit breaker comprising a bistable actuator and safety device equipped with said circuit breaker

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1761939A1 true EP1761939A1 (en) 2007-03-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04816568A Withdrawn EP1761939A1 (en) 2004-06-15 2004-12-16 Circuit breaker comprising a bistable actuator and safety device equipped with said circuit breaker

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EP (1) EP1761939A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2871617B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006005817A1 (en)

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EP2492937B1 (en) 2011-02-23 2015-09-16 ABB Technology AG Switching apparatus

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FR2871617A1 (en) 2005-12-16
FR2871617B1 (en) 2007-02-16

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