EP0369899B1 - Magnetic release device with a large capacity to adjust the release area - Google Patents

Magnetic release device with a large capacity to adjust the release area Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0369899B1
EP0369899B1 EP89420410A EP89420410A EP0369899B1 EP 0369899 B1 EP0369899 B1 EP 0369899B1 EP 89420410 A EP89420410 A EP 89420410A EP 89420410 A EP89420410 A EP 89420410A EP 0369899 B1 EP0369899 B1 EP 0369899B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core assembly
polar
trip device
plunger
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89420410A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0369899A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Batteux
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Publication of EP0369899A1 publication Critical patent/EP0369899A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/74—Means for adjusting the conditions under which the device will function to provide protection
    • H01H71/7463—Adjusting only the electromagnetic mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2454—Electromagnetic mechanisms characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2463—Electromagnetic mechanisms with plunger type armatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic trip device with a wide range for setting the trip threshold, comprising a fixed magnetic circuit carrying an excitation coil and having first and second pole pieces arranged in the extension of one another. being spaced from a fixed air gap and a movable armature, mounted to slide inside said fixed magnetic circuit and having a first armature part with a pole surface defining a first variable air gap with said first pole piece, the value of which varies with the movement of the movable frame.
  • a magnetic trip device of the kind mentioned is generally associated with a current cut-off device, in particular with a circuit breaker for protecting lines or devices against short-circuit currents.
  • the trigger threshold must be adapted to the protected installation, and the triggers advantageously include an adjustment of this threshold.
  • the known adjustments act either on the restoring force of the movable member of the trigger, or on the length of the air gap, but the adjustment possibilities are limited, and these adjustments are not linear.
  • the adjustment range must be large, the threshold being able to vary from 1 to 5 or even more, in particular when it is a question of protecting an electric motor.
  • Known adjustment devices are incapable of ensuring linearity over such an adjustment range and do not meet current needs.
  • the object of the invention is to enable the production of a magnetic trip device with a broad, substantially linear adjustment range over the entire adjustment range, while retaining the simplicity essential for proper operation.
  • the magnetic trip device is characterized in that what said movable armature comprises a second part mechanically integral with the first part, and magnetically insulated from the latter, that said second part defines with said second pole piece a second variable air gap whose value varies with the displacement of the armature mobile, the effects of attraction exerted on the mobile armature by the magnetic fields generated by the coil in said first and second variable air gaps being antagonistic and that an adjustment device is arranged to fix the initial position of the mobile armature and to adjust the trigger threshold substantially linearly.
  • the two plunger cores are mechanically integral but magnetically isolated from each other and they define a distribution of the magnetic flux generated by the coil, depending on the reluctance of the different paths, in proportion to the respective values of the different air gaps.
  • the first plunger core acts in the triggering direction, while the second plunger core acts in the reverse direction, and the magnetic circuit of this second plunger core is arranged to be saturated before that of the first plunger core.
  • the triggering threshold is modified by adjusting the initial position of the movable armature, a minimum threshold, for example three times the nominal current, corresponding to a position of the movable armature in which only the first plunger core acting in the direction of the trigger is active.
  • a minimum threshold for example three times the nominal current
  • the movable armature is arranged so as to cause the two plunger cores to act, the action of the first core being predominant, but strongly counteracted by the action of the second plunger core.
  • the magnetic circuit comprises a tubular part on which the excitation coil is disposed, this tubular part being subdivided into two parts spaced longitudinally by a fixed air gap, so as to define two coaxial pole pieces arranged in the extension of one another.
  • the first pole piece has an internal diameter smaller than that of the second pole piece, and the second plunger core is slidably mounted inside this first pole piece, while the first plunger core is slidably mounted inside of the second pole piece of greater internal diameter.
  • the magnetic circuit comprises two U-shaped parts arranged face to face and cooperating with a paddle frame.
  • a magnetic trip device consists of a fixed magnetic circuit 1, an excitation coil 2 and a movable assembly comprising two plunger cores 5,6 fixed on a connecting rod 3 and urged by a return spring 4.
  • the coil 2 is arranged around a first 7 and a second 8 pole piece belonging to the magnetic circuit 1, the two pole pieces 7,8 being of cylindrical coaxial tubular shape being separated by a fixed axial air gap 9.
  • the two pieces polar 7,8 are connected by an external carcass 10 of the magnetic circuit 1.
  • the external diameters of the pole pieces 7,8 are identical, while the internal diameter of the first pole piece 7 is less than that of the second pole piece 8.
  • a movable frame 11 comprising a first plunger core 6 mounted to slide with little play in the second pole piece 8, and a second plunger core 5 mounted to slide in the first piece polar 7.
  • the two plunger cores 5, 6 are fixed to the sliding rod 3, the end 12 of which is arranged as a striker cooperates with a trigger lever 13.
  • the two plunger cores 5, 6 are spaced apart longitudinally so as to create an air gap magnetic insulation of the two cores 5,6, the rod 3 being for example of a non-magnetic material.
  • the position of the movable armature biased downward in FIG. 1 by the return spring 4, is determined by a stop nut 14 carried by the rod 3, and cooperating with a fixed part, for example of the magnetic circuit 1. This stop can be achieved differently.
  • a first part 15 of the magnetic flux crosses the axial air gap 9 between the two pole pieces 7,8 and closes by the carcass 10. This magnetic flux 15 has no effect on the movable armature 11.
  • a second active part 16 of the magnetic flux shown on the left part of the figures, crosses a first air gap 17 between the first pole piece 7 and the first plunger core 6, to be close through the second pole piece 8 and the carcass 10. This second magnetic flux 16 exerts on the first plunger core 6, a force of attraction tending to move it upwards in FIG. 1 in the direction of actuation of the lever. trigger 13, against the force of the return spring 4.
  • a third part 18 of active magnetic flux extends through a second air gap 19, between the second plunger core 5 and the second pole piece 8.
  • This second magnetic flux 18 closes through the carcass 10, the first pole piece 7, and a fixed radial air gap 20 defined by the clearance between the first pole piece 7 and the second plunger core 5.
  • the force exerted on the movable armature 11 is opposite to the triggering direction, and it is antagonistic to that of the first plunger core 6.
  • the first air gap 17 and the second air gap 19 varies during the movement of the movable armature 11, the first air gap 17 decreasing during an upward movement of the mobile assembly 11, in the direction trigger and the second gap 19 increasing.
  • the first air gap 17 is defined by a frustoconical surface of the first plunger core 6, which cooperates with a chamfer 21 of the first pole piece 7, so as to increase the surfaces of active air gaps.
  • the setting of the triggering threshold is carried out as follows: In FIG. 3 is shown the position corresponding to a setting of the minimum tripping threshold, for example three times the nominal value of the current In (see FIG. 4).
  • the adjusting nut 14 is screwed so as to move the moving element 11 in the high position, close to the trigger lever 13, this position being defined by a minimum distance "d", for example between the end 12 of the sliding rod 3, and the trigger lever 13.
  • a minimum distance "d" for example between the end 12 of the sliding rod 3
  • the first air gap 17 is very small, and that almost all of the magnetic flux travels this path through the first pole piece 7 and the first plunger core 6.
  • the second plunger core 5 is distant from the corresponding pole piece 8 and the leaks magnetic through this path are almost negligible.
  • FIG. 2 represents the adjustment position corresponding to the other extreme value of the triggering threshold.
  • the adjusting nut 14 has been unscrewed to allow sliding downwards in FIG. 2 of the mobile assembly 11.
  • the first air gap 17 between the first pole piece 7 and the first plunger core 6 is important.
  • the attraction of the first plunger core 6 is nevertheless predominant, but the triggering movement occurs only when the current flowing through the coil 2 exceeds a large threshold value, for example eleven times the nominal current.
  • the triggering effect is favored by the saturation of the lines of force passing through the second pole piece 8 and the second plunger core 5 of smaller cross section than that of the first pole piece 7, and of the first plunger core 6.
  • FIG. 1 An intermediate position is shown in Figure 1 corresponding for example to a trigger threshold of seven times the nominal value of the current.
  • the antagonistic effect of the second plunger core 5 is present but has been notably reduced compared to that corresponding to the position represented in FIG. 2.
  • the combined action of the two plunger cores 5,6 allows a quasi-linearity of the adjustment of the threshold trigger over a wide adjustment range sufficient for current magnetic trip devices, in particular for protecting electric motors.
  • the magnetic trip device according to the invention is comparable to the usual structure of such trip devices and it does not use any fragile or imprecise adjustment element.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the magnetic trip device according to the invention, in which a fixed magnetic circuit 21 of generally rectangular shape is constituted by a first pole piece 22 in the form of U and a second pole piece 23 in the form of U, arranged face to face, being separated by two fixed air gaps 24.
  • the movable assembly 25 is arranged inside this magnetic circuit 21 and comprises on the one hand a pallet 26, which during a sliding of the moving part moves away and approaches the first pole piece 22, and on the other hand two plates 27 magnetically isolated from the pallet 26 by an insulating piece 28 and magnetically isolated from each other by a fixed air gap 29, said ferromagnetic plates 27 being arranged opposite the fixed air gaps 24.
  • the fixed magnetic circuit 21 carries the excitation conductor 2 and the spring 4 surrounding the sliding rod 3 of the crew m obile 25, urges the latter in the low position in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • this trigger is similar to that described above and it suffices to recall that in the minimum threshold adjustment position, shown in FIG. 6, the pallet 26 is at a small distance from the first pole piece 22, the antagonistic effect due to platelets 27 being zero. This results in a significant attraction force for the moving assembly 25 as soon as the driver 2 is excited and a low triggering threshold. In the position illustrated in FIG. 7, the pallet 26 is significantly separated from the first pole piece 22, while the plates 27 are brought closer to the second pole piece 23 and are subjected to a force opposing the attraction of the pallet 26 .
  • the invention is of course in no way limited to the mode of implementation more particularly described, but it extends to variants, in particular to that in which the rod 3 is made of magnetic material, but of negligible section, or that in which the coil 2 would be in a different location from the magnetic circuit, or where the revolving parts would be replaced by profiles by arranging the air gaps outside the coil.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Description

L'invention est relative à un déclencheur magnétique à large plage de réglage du seuil de déclenchement, comprenant un circuit magnétique fixe portant une bobine d'excitation et ayant une première et une deuxième pièce polaire disposées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre en étant espacées d'un entrefer fixe et une armature mobile, montée à coulissement à l'intérieur dudit circuit magnétique fixe et ayant une première partie d'armature avec une surface polaire définissant un premier entrefer variable avec ladite première pièce polaire, dont la valeur varie avec le déplacement de l'armature mobile.The invention relates to a magnetic trip device with a wide range for setting the trip threshold, comprising a fixed magnetic circuit carrying an excitation coil and having first and second pole pieces arranged in the extension of one another. being spaced from a fixed air gap and a movable armature, mounted to slide inside said fixed magnetic circuit and having a first armature part with a pole surface defining a first variable air gap with said first pole piece, the value of which varies with the movement of the movable frame.

Un déclencheur magnétique du genre mentionné, est généralement associé à un appareil de coupure du courant, notamment à un disjoncteur de protection des lignes ou appareils contre les courants de court-circuit. Le seuil de déclenchement doit être adapté à l'installation protégée, et les déclencheurs comportent avantageusement un réglage de ce seuil. Les réglages connus agissent, soit sur la force de rappel de l'équipage mobile du déclencheur, soit sur la longueur de l'entrefer, mais les possibilités de réglage sont limitées, et ces réglages ne sont pas linéaires. Dans certaines applications, la plage de réglage doit être importante, le seuil pouvant varier de 1 à 5 ou même de plus, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de protéger un moteur électrique. Les dispositifs de réglage connus sont incapables d'assurer une linéarité sur une telle étendue de réglage et ne répondent pas aux besoins actuels.A magnetic trip device of the kind mentioned, is generally associated with a current cut-off device, in particular with a circuit breaker for protecting lines or devices against short-circuit currents. The trigger threshold must be adapted to the protected installation, and the triggers advantageously include an adjustment of this threshold. The known adjustments act either on the restoring force of the movable member of the trigger, or on the length of the air gap, but the adjustment possibilities are limited, and these adjustments are not linear. In certain applications, the adjustment range must be large, the threshold being able to vary from 1 to 5 or even more, in particular when it is a question of protecting an electric motor. Known adjustment devices are incapable of ensuring linearity over such an adjustment range and do not meet current needs.

L'invention a pour but de permettre la réalisation d'un déclencheur magnétique à large plage de réglage sensiblement linéaire sur toute l'étendue de réglage, tout en conservant une simplicité indispensable à un bon fonctionnement.The object of the invention is to enable the production of a magnetic trip device with a broad, substantially linear adjustment range over the entire adjustment range, while retaining the simplicity essential for proper operation.

Le déclencheur magnétique selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que ce que ladite armature mobile comporte une deuxième partie solidaire mécaniquement de la première partie, et isolée magnétiquement de cette dernière, que ladite deuxième partie définit avec ladite deuxième pièce polaire un deuxième entrefer variable dont la valeur varie avec le déplacement de l'armature mobile, les effets d'attraction exercés sur l'armature mobile par les champs magnétiques engendrés par la bobine dans lesdits premier et deuxième entrefers variables étant antagonistes et qu'un dispositif de réglage est agencé pour fixer la position initiale de l'armature mobile et pour régler sensiblement linéairement le seuil de déclenchement.The magnetic trip device according to the invention is characterized in that what said movable armature comprises a second part mechanically integral with the first part, and magnetically insulated from the latter, that said second part defines with said second pole piece a second variable air gap whose value varies with the displacement of the armature mobile, the effects of attraction exerted on the mobile armature by the magnetic fields generated by the coil in said first and second variable air gaps being antagonistic and that an adjustment device is arranged to fix the initial position of the mobile armature and to adjust the trigger threshold substantially linearly.

En utilisant une armature mobile en deux parties appelée par la suite noyaux plongeurs engendrant des effets antagonistes, la possibilité de réglage est largement étendue et répond à l'obligation d'une linéarité sur l'ensemble de la plage de réglage. Les deux noyaux plongeurs sont solidaires mécaniquement mais isolés magnétiquement l'un de l'autre et ils définissent une répartition du flux magnétique engendré par la bobine, dépendant de la réluctance des différents chemins, en proportion des valeurs respectives des différents entrefers. Le premier noyau plongeur agit dans la direction de déclenchement, tandis que le deuxième noyau plongeur agit en direction inverse, et le circuit magnétique de ce deuxième noyau plongeur est agencé pour être saturé avant celui du premier noyau plongeur. Le seuil de déclenchement est modifié en réglant la position initiale de l'armature mobile, un seuil minimal, par exemple de trois fois le courant nominal, correspondant à une position de l'armature mobile dans laquelle seul le premier noyau plongeur agissant en direction du déclenchement est actif. Pour une valeur de déclenchement maximale, par exemple de onze fois le courant nominal, l'armature mobile est disposée de manière à faire agir les deux noyaux plongeurs, l'action du premier noyau étant prépondérante, mais fortement contrecarrée par l'action du deuxième noyau plongeur. Selon un mode de réalisation le circuit magnétique comporte une partie tubulaire sur laquelle est disposée la bobine d'excitation, cette partie tubulaire étant subdivisée en deux parties espacées longitudinalement par un entrefer fixe, de manière à définir deux pièces polaires coaxiales disposées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre. La première pièce polaire présente un diamètre interne inférieure à celle de la deuxième pièce polaire, et le deuxième noyau plongeur est monté à coulissement à l'intérieur de cette première pièce polaire, tandis que le premier noyau plongeur est monté à coulissement à l'intérieur de la deuxième pièce polaire de diamètre interne supérieur. La répartition du flux dans le circuit magnétique ressortira plus clairement de la description suivante, mais il est facile de comprendre que la présence de deux entrefers actifs associés aux deux noyaux plongeurs, contribue à l'obtention d'une large plage de réglage.By using a movable frame in two parts, hereinafter called plunger cores, generating antagonistic effects, the possibility of adjustment is greatly extended and meets the requirement of linearity over the entire adjustment range. The two plunger cores are mechanically integral but magnetically isolated from each other and they define a distribution of the magnetic flux generated by the coil, depending on the reluctance of the different paths, in proportion to the respective values of the different air gaps. The first plunger core acts in the triggering direction, while the second plunger core acts in the reverse direction, and the magnetic circuit of this second plunger core is arranged to be saturated before that of the first plunger core. The triggering threshold is modified by adjusting the initial position of the movable armature, a minimum threshold, for example three times the nominal current, corresponding to a position of the movable armature in which only the first plunger core acting in the direction of the trigger is active. For a maximum tripping value, for example eleven times the nominal current, the movable armature is arranged so as to cause the two plunger cores to act, the action of the first core being predominant, but strongly counteracted by the action of the second plunger core. According to one embodiment, the magnetic circuit comprises a tubular part on which the excitation coil is disposed, this tubular part being subdivided into two parts spaced longitudinally by a fixed air gap, so as to define two coaxial pole pieces arranged in the extension of one another. The first pole piece has an internal diameter smaller than that of the second pole piece, and the second plunger core is slidably mounted inside this first pole piece, while the first plunger core is slidably mounted inside of the second pole piece of greater internal diameter. The distribution of the flux in the magnetic circuit will emerge more clearly from the following description, but it is easy to understand that the presence of two active air gaps associated with the two plunger cores contributes to obtaining a wide range of adjustment.

Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre, le circuit magnétique comporte deux parties en forme de U disposées face à face et coopérant avec une armature à palettes.According to another embodiment, the magnetic circuit comprises two U-shaped parts arranged face to face and cooperating with a paddle frame.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de deux modes de mise en oeuvre de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un déclencheur selon l'invention, représenté en position de repos, pour un seuil de réglage intermédiaire;
  • les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues analogues à celle de la figure 1 montrant le déclencheur respectivement pour un réglage de seuil maximal et de seuil minimal;
  • la figure 4 représente la courbe de variation du seuil de déclenchement en fonction de la position initiale de l'armature;
  • la figure 5 est une vue éclatée du déclencheur selon l'invention.
  • les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues analogues aux figures 2 et 3 illustrant une variante de réalisation.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of two embodiments of the invention given by way of nonlimiting examples and represented in the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a trip device according to the invention, shown in the rest position, for an intermediate adjustment threshold;
  • Figures 2 and 3 are views similar to that of Figure 1 showing the trigger respectively for a maximum threshold setting and minimum threshold;
  • FIG. 4 represents the curve of variation of the triggering threshold as a function of the initial position of the armature;
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the trigger according to the invention.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are views similar to Figures 2 and 3 illustrating an alternative embodiment.

Sur les figures, un déclencheur magnétique est constitué par un circuit magnétique fixe 1, une bobine d'excitation 2 et un équipage mobile comportant deux noyaux plongeurs 5,6 fixés sur une tige de liaison 3 et sollicités par un ressort de rappel 4. La bobine 2 est disposée autour d'une première 7 et d'une deuxième 8 pièce polaire appartenant au circuit magnétique 1, les deux pièces polaires 7,8 étant de forme cylindrique tubulaire coaxiale en étant séparées par un entrefer fixe axial 9. Les deux pièces polaires 7,8 sont reliées par une carcasse externe 10 du circuit magnétique 1. Les diamètres externes des pièces polaires 7,8 sont identiques, tandis que le diamètre interne de la première pièce polaire 7 est inférieur à celui de la deuxième pièce polaire 8.In the figures, a magnetic trip device consists of a fixed magnetic circuit 1, an excitation coil 2 and a movable assembly comprising two plunger cores 5,6 fixed on a connecting rod 3 and urged by a return spring 4. The coil 2 is arranged around a first 7 and a second 8 pole piece belonging to the magnetic circuit 1, the two pole pieces 7,8 being of cylindrical coaxial tubular shape being separated by a fixed axial air gap 9. The two pieces polar 7,8 are connected by an external carcass 10 of the magnetic circuit 1. The external diameters of the pole pieces 7,8 are identical, while the internal diameter of the first pole piece 7 is less than that of the second pole piece 8.

A l'intérieur des pièces polaires 7,8, est disposée une armature mobile 11, comprenant un premier noyau plongeur 6 monté à coulissement à faible jeu dans la deuxième pièce polaire 8, et un deuxième noyau plongeur 5 monté à coulissement dans la première pièce polaire 7. Les deux noyaux plongeurs 5,6 sont fixés à la tige coulissante 3, dont l'extrémité 12 agencée en percuteur coopère avec un levier de déclenchement 13. Les deux noyaux plongeurs 5,6 sont espacés longitudinalement de manière à créer un entrefer d'isolation magnétique des deux noyaux 5,6, la tige 3 étant par exemple en un matériau amagnétique. La position de l'armature mobile sollicitée vers le bas sur la figure 1 par le ressort de rappel 4, est déterminée par un écrou de butée 14 porté par la tige 3, et coopérant avec une partie fixe, par exemple du circuit magnétique 1. Cette butée peut être réalisée différemment.Inside the pole pieces 7, 8 is disposed a movable frame 11, comprising a first plunger core 6 mounted to slide with little play in the second pole piece 8, and a second plunger core 5 mounted to slide in the first piece polar 7. The two plunger cores 5, 6 are fixed to the sliding rod 3, the end 12 of which is arranged as a striker cooperates with a trigger lever 13. The two plunger cores 5, 6 are spaced apart longitudinally so as to create an air gap magnetic insulation of the two cores 5,6, the rod 3 being for example of a non-magnetic material. The position of the movable armature biased downward in FIG. 1 by the return spring 4, is determined by a stop nut 14 carried by the rod 3, and cooperating with a fixed part, for example of the magnetic circuit 1. This stop can be achieved differently.

Les lignes de force du champ magnétique, engendrées par le courant passant par la bobine 2, se répartissent essentiellement selon trois chemins différents. Une première partie 15 du flux magnétique traverse l'entrefer axial 9 entre les deux piéces polaires 7,8 et se referme par la carcasse 10. Ce flux magnétique 15 n'a aucun effet sur l'armature mobile 11. Une deuxième partie active 16 du flux magnétique, représentée sur la partie gauche des figures, traverse un premier entrefer 17 entre la première pièce polaire 7 et le premier noyau plongeur 6, pour se refermer à travers la deuxième pièce polaire 8 et la carcasse 10. Ce deuxième flux magnétique 16 exerce sur le premier noyau plongeur 6, une force d'attraction tendant à le déplacer vers le haut sur la figure 1 en direction d'actionnement du levier de déclenchement 13, à l'encontre de la force du ressort de rappel 4. Une troisième partie 18 de flux magnétique actif, représentée sur la partie droite des figures s'étend au travers d'un deuxième entrefer 19, entre le deuxième noyau plongeur 5 et la deuxième pièce polaire 8. Ce deuxième flux magnétique 18 se referme à travers la carcasse 10, la première pièce polaire 7, et un entrefer radial fixe 20 défini par le jeu entre la première pièce polaire 7 et le deuxième noyau plongeur 5. La force exercée sur l'armature mobile 11 est opposée à la direction de déclenchement, et elle est antagoniste à celle du premier noyau plongeur 6.The lines of force of the magnetic field, generated by the current passing through the coil 2, are essentially distributed along three different paths. A first part 15 of the magnetic flux crosses the axial air gap 9 between the two pole pieces 7,8 and closes by the carcass 10. This magnetic flux 15 has no effect on the movable armature 11. A second active part 16 of the magnetic flux, shown on the left part of the figures, crosses a first air gap 17 between the first pole piece 7 and the first plunger core 6, to be close through the second pole piece 8 and the carcass 10. This second magnetic flux 16 exerts on the first plunger core 6, a force of attraction tending to move it upwards in FIG. 1 in the direction of actuation of the lever. trigger 13, against the force of the return spring 4. A third part 18 of active magnetic flux, shown on the right part of the figures extends through a second air gap 19, between the second plunger core 5 and the second pole piece 8. This second magnetic flux 18 closes through the carcass 10, the first pole piece 7, and a fixed radial air gap 20 defined by the clearance between the first pole piece 7 and the second plunger core 5. The force exerted on the movable armature 11 is opposite to the triggering direction, and it is antagonistic to that of the first plunger core 6.

Il est facile de voir que la valeur du premier entrefer 17 et du deuxième entrefer 19 varie lors du déplacement de l'armature mobile 11, le premier entrefer 17 diminuant lors d'un déplacement vers le haut de l'équipage mobile 11, en direction de déclenchement et le deuxième entrefer 19 augmentant. Le premier entrefer 17 est défini par une surface tronconique du premier noyau plongeur 6, qui coopére avec un chanfrein 21 de la première pièce polaire 7, de manière à accroître les surfaces d'entrefers actives.It is easy to see that the value of the first air gap 17 and the second air gap 19 varies during the movement of the movable armature 11, the first air gap 17 decreasing during an upward movement of the mobile assembly 11, in the direction trigger and the second gap 19 increasing. The first air gap 17 is defined by a frustoconical surface of the first plunger core 6, which cooperates with a chamfer 21 of the first pole piece 7, so as to increase the surfaces of active air gaps.

Le réglage du seuil de déclenchement est réalisé de la manière suivante:
Sur la figure 3 est représentée la position correspondant à un réglage du seuil de déclenchement minimal, par exemple de trois fois la valeur nominale du courant In (voir figure 4). L'écrou de réglage 14 est vissé de manière à déplacer l'équipage mobile 11 en position haute, proche du levier de déclenchement 13, cette position étant définie par une distance "d" minimale, par exemple entre l'extrémité 12 de la tige coulissante 3, et le levier de déclenchement 13. On voit sur la figure 3 que le premier entrefer 17 est très faible, et que la quasi-totalité du flux magnétique parcourt ce chemin à travers la première pièce polaire 7 et le premier noyau plongeur 6. Le deuxième noyau plongeur 5 est éloigné de la pièce polaire correspondante 8 et les fuites magnétiques à travers ce chemin sont quasiment négligeables. Il en résulte une force d'attraction importante du premier noyau plongeur 6, qui n'est pas contrecarrée par la force antagoniste généralement engendrée par le deuxième noyau plongeur 5. Le seuil de déclenchement est faible et essentiellement déterminé par la force du ressort de rappel 4. La figure 2 représente la position de réglage correspondant à l'autre valeur extrême du seuil de déclenchement. L'écrou de réglage 14 a été dévissé pour permettre un coulissement vers le bas sur la figure 2 de l'équipage mobile 11. Dans cette position initiale, le premier entrefer 17 entre la première pièce polaire 7 et le premier noyau plongeur 6 est importante. L'attraction du premier noyau plongeur 6 est néanmoins prépondérante, mais le mouvement de déclenchement n'intervient que lorsque le courant parcourant la bobine 2 dépasse une valeur de seuil importante, par exemple de onze fois le courant nominal. L'effet de déclenchement est favorisé par la venue en saturation des lignes de force traversant la deuxième pièce polaire 8 et le deuxième noyau plongeur 5 de section moindre de celle de la première pièce polaire 7, et du premier noyau plongeur 6.The setting of the triggering threshold is carried out as follows:
In FIG. 3 is shown the position corresponding to a setting of the minimum tripping threshold, for example three times the nominal value of the current In (see FIG. 4). The adjusting nut 14 is screwed so as to move the moving element 11 in the high position, close to the trigger lever 13, this position being defined by a minimum distance "d", for example between the end 12 of the sliding rod 3, and the trigger lever 13. It can be seen in FIG. 3 that the first air gap 17 is very small, and that almost all of the magnetic flux travels this path through the first pole piece 7 and the first plunger core 6. The second plunger core 5 is distant from the corresponding pole piece 8 and the leaks magnetic through this path are almost negligible. This results in a significant attraction force of the first plunger core 6, which is not counteracted by the opposing force generally generated by the second plunger core 5. The trigger threshold is low and essentially determined by the force of the return spring 4. FIG. 2 represents the adjustment position corresponding to the other extreme value of the triggering threshold. The adjusting nut 14 has been unscrewed to allow sliding downwards in FIG. 2 of the mobile assembly 11. In this initial position, the first air gap 17 between the first pole piece 7 and the first plunger core 6 is important. . The attraction of the first plunger core 6 is nevertheless predominant, but the triggering movement occurs only when the current flowing through the coil 2 exceeds a large threshold value, for example eleven times the nominal current. The triggering effect is favored by the saturation of the lines of force passing through the second pole piece 8 and the second plunger core 5 of smaller cross section than that of the first pole piece 7, and of the first plunger core 6.

Une position intermédiaire est représentée sur la figure 1 correspondant par exemple à un seuil de déclenchement de sept fois la valeur nominale du courant. L'effet antagoniste du deuxième noyau plongeur 5 est présent mais a été notablement réduit par rapport à celui correspondant à la position représentée sur la figure 2. L'action combinée des deux noyaux plongeurs 5,6 permet une quasi-linéarité du réglage du seuil de déclenchement sur une large plage de réglage suffisante pour des déclencheurs magnétiques actuels, notamment de protection de moteurs électriques. Le déclencheur magnétique selon l'invention est comparable à la structure usuelle de tels déclencheurs et il ne met en oeuvre aucun élément de réglage fragile ou imprécis.An intermediate position is shown in Figure 1 corresponding for example to a trigger threshold of seven times the nominal value of the current. The antagonistic effect of the second plunger core 5 is present but has been notably reduced compared to that corresponding to the position represented in FIG. 2. The combined action of the two plunger cores 5,6 allows a quasi-linearity of the adjustment of the threshold trigger over a wide adjustment range sufficient for current magnetic trip devices, in particular for protecting electric motors. The magnetic trip device according to the invention is comparable to the usual structure of such trip devices and it does not use any fragile or imprecise adjustment element.

Les figures 6 et 7 illustrent une variante de réalisation du déclencheur magnétique selon l'invention, dans laquelle un circuit magnétique fixe 21 de forme générale rectangulaire est constitué par une première pièce polaire 22 en forme de U et une deuxième pièce polaire 23 en forme de U, disposées face à face en étant séparées par deux entrefers fixes 24. L'équipage mobile 25 est disposé à l'intérieur de ce circuit magnétique 21 et comporte d'une part une palette 26, qui lors d'un coulissement de l'équipage mobile s'écarte et se rapproche de la première pièce polaire 22, et d'autre part deux plaquettes 27 isolées magnétiquement de la palette 26 par une pièce isolante 28 et isolées magnétiquement l'une de l'autre par un entrefer fixe 29, lesdites plaquettes ferromagnétiques 27 étant disposées en regard des entrefers fixes 24. Le circuit magnétique fixe 21 porte le conducteur d'excitation 2 et le ressort 4 entourant la tige coulissante 3 de l'équipage mobile 25, sollicite ce dernier en position basse sur les figures 6 et 7.FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the magnetic trip device according to the invention, in which a fixed magnetic circuit 21 of generally rectangular shape is constituted by a first pole piece 22 in the form of U and a second pole piece 23 in the form of U, arranged face to face, being separated by two fixed air gaps 24. The movable assembly 25 is arranged inside this magnetic circuit 21 and comprises on the one hand a pallet 26, which during a sliding of the moving part moves away and approaches the first pole piece 22, and on the other hand two plates 27 magnetically isolated from the pallet 26 by an insulating piece 28 and magnetically isolated from each other by a fixed air gap 29, said ferromagnetic plates 27 being arranged opposite the fixed air gaps 24. The fixed magnetic circuit 21 carries the excitation conductor 2 and the spring 4 surrounding the sliding rod 3 of the crew m obile 25, urges the latter in the low position in FIGS. 6 and 7.

Le fonctionnement de ce déclencheur est analogue à celui décrit ci-dessus et il suffit de rappeler qu'en position de réglage de seuil minimal, représentée à la figure 6, la palette 26 est à faible écartement de la première pièce polaire 22, l'effet antagoniste dû aux plaquettes 27 étant nul. Il en résulte une force d'attraction importante de l'équipage mobile 25 dès l'excitation du conducteur 2 et un seuil de déclenchement faible. Dans la position illustrée par la figure 7, la palette 26 est écartée notablement de la première pièce polaire 22, tandis que les plaquettes 27 sont rapprochées de la deuxième pièce polaire 23 et sont soumises à une force antagoniste à l'attraction de la palette 26.The operation of this trigger is similar to that described above and it suffices to recall that in the minimum threshold adjustment position, shown in FIG. 6, the pallet 26 is at a small distance from the first pole piece 22, the antagonistic effect due to platelets 27 being zero. This results in a significant attraction force for the moving assembly 25 as soon as the driver 2 is excited and a low triggering threshold. In the position illustrated in FIG. 7, the pallet 26 is significantly separated from the first pole piece 22, while the plates 27 are brought closer to the second pole piece 23 and are subjected to a force opposing the attraction of the pallet 26 .

L'invention est bien entendu nullement limitée au mode de mise en oeuvre plus particulièrement décrit mais elle s'étend aux variantes, notamment à celle dans laquelle la tige 3 est en matériau magnétique, mais de section négligeable, ou celle encore où la bobine 2 serait en un emplacement différent du circuit magnétique, ou celle où les pièces de révolution seraient remplacées par des profils en disposant les entrefers en dehors de la bobine.The invention is of course in no way limited to the mode of implementation more particularly described, but it extends to variants, in particular to that in which the rod 3 is made of magnetic material, but of negligible section, or that in which the coil 2 would be in a different location from the magnetic circuit, or where the revolving parts would be replaced by profiles by arranging the air gaps outside the coil.

Claims (10)

  1. A magnetic trip device with a wide tripping threshold setting range, comprising a fixed magnetic circuit (1, 21) bearing an excitation coil (2) and having a first (7, 22) and a second (8, 23) polar part located in the extension of one another and separated by a fixed air-gap (9, 24) and a moving core assembly (11, 25), slidingly mounted inside said fixed magnetic circuit (1, 21) and having a first part (6, 26) of the core assembly (11, 25) with a polar surface defining a first variable air-gap (17) with said first polar part (7, 22), the value of which varies with the movement of the moving core assembly (11, 25), characterized in that said moving core assembly (11, 25) comprises a second part (5, 27) mechanically united to the first part (6, 26), and magnetically insulated from the latter, said second part (5, 27) defines with said second polar part (8, 23) a second variable air-gap (19) whose value varies with the movement of the moving core assembly (11, 25), the attraction effects exerted on the moving core assembly (11, 25) by the magnetic fields generated by the coil (2) in said first (17) and second (19) variable air-gaps being opposing, and an adjustment device (14) is arranged to fix the initial position of the moving core assembly (11, 25) and to adjust the tripping threshold appreciably linearly.
  2. The magnetic trip device according to claim 1, characterized in that said first (6) and second (5) parts of the core assembly (11) are plunger cores slidingly mounted inside the first (7) and second (8) tubular-shaped polar parts.
  3. The magnetic trip device according to claim 1, characterized in that said first core assembly part is a blade (26) disposed facing the air-gap surfaces of the first U-shaped polar part (22) and said second part of the core assembly is formed by two plated (27) cooperating with the second U-shaped polar part (23) disposed facing the first polar part (22).
  4. The magnetic trip device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the cross-section of said first polar part (7) and/or of said first core assembly part (6) is greater than that of said second polar part (8) and/or of said second core assembly part (5) and said first polar part (7) exerts on the moving core assembly (11) an attractive force in the tripping direction.
  5. The magnetic trip device according to claim 4, characterized in that the diameter of the second plunger core (5) is smaller than that of the first plunger core (6), and the second plunger core (5) is slidingly mounted in the first polar part (7).
  6. The magnetic trip device according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that the two plunger cores (5, 6) are fixed to a sliding rod (3) extending in the axis of said polar parts (7, 8), the two cores (5, 6) being separated longitudinally, and the first plunger core (6) is located on the second polar part (8) side whereas the second plunger core (5) is located on the same side as the first polar part (7).
  7. The magnetic trip device according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that in the minimum threshold setting position, the moving core assembly (11, 25) is in a position of minimum length of said first variable air-gap (17) and of maximum length of said second variable air-gap (19), the opposing action of the second plunger core (5) or of the plates (27) being nil.
  8. The magnetic trip device according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that a return spring (4) biases the moving core assembly (11, 25) against a stop, defined by a tripping threshold adjusting nut (14).
  9. The magnetic trip device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coil (2) is located around said two polar parts (7, 8) connected by an external housing (10).
  10. The magnetic trip device according to claim 3, characterized in that the coil (2) is located on said U constituting the first polar part (22).
EP89420410A 1988-11-16 1989-10-25 Magnetic release device with a large capacity to adjust the release area Expired - Lifetime EP0369899B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8815198A FR2639148B1 (en) 1988-11-16 1988-11-16 MAGNETIC TRIGGER WITH WIDE TRIGGER THRESHOLD ADJUSTMENT RANGE
FR8815198 1988-11-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0369899A1 EP0369899A1 (en) 1990-05-23
EP0369899B1 true EP0369899B1 (en) 1994-01-05

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EP89420410A Expired - Lifetime EP0369899B1 (en) 1988-11-16 1989-10-25 Magnetic release device with a large capacity to adjust the release area

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US (1) US4965543A (en)
EP (1) EP0369899B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2907900B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1021527C (en)
CA (1) CA2001846A1 (en)
DE (1) DE68912088T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2049345T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2639148B1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA898420B (en)

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CN1021527C (en) 1993-07-07
DE68912088D1 (en) 1994-02-17
ZA898420B (en) 1990-06-27
DE68912088T2 (en) 1994-06-09
JPH02189837A (en) 1990-07-25
CN1042801A (en) 1990-06-06
ES2049345T3 (en) 1994-04-16
FR2639148B1 (en) 1991-08-02
US4965543A (en) 1990-10-23
CA2001846A1 (en) 1990-05-16
FR2639148A1 (en) 1990-05-18
JP2907900B2 (en) 1999-06-21
EP0369899A1 (en) 1990-05-23

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