EP1728984B1 - Dispositif d'échappement - Google Patents

Dispositif d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1728984B1
EP1728984B1 EP06111902A EP06111902A EP1728984B1 EP 1728984 B1 EP1728984 B1 EP 1728984B1 EP 06111902 A EP06111902 A EP 06111902A EP 06111902 A EP06111902 A EP 06111902A EP 1728984 B1 EP1728984 B1 EP 1728984B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
scr
housing
module
exhaust
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP06111902A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1728984A2 (fr
EP1728984B2 (fr
EP1728984A3 (fr
Inventor
Siegfried Wörner
Rudolf Buhmann
Rainer Lehnen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG filed Critical J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1728984A2 publication Critical patent/EP1728984A2/fr
Publication of EP1728984A3 publication Critical patent/EP1728984A3/fr
Publication of EP1728984B1 publication Critical patent/EP1728984B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/24—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using sound-absorbing materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N13/1816—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration the pipe sections being joined together by flexible tubular elements only, e.g. using bellows or strip-wound pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/04—Catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/11—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance or part of the dosing system being cooled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a PF module and an SCR module for such an exhaust system.
  • exhaust systems of the internal combustion engines are equipped with exhaust gas treatment devices.
  • an exhaust gas treatment device is, for example, an SCR catalyst, where SCR stands for Selective Catalytic Reduction.
  • SCR catalysts are used to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x ) with the help of urea.
  • exhaust gas treatment devices are known, which are designed as a particle filter. Particulate filters are mainly used in diesel engines and serve to separate the particles entrained in the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas.
  • the DE 102 43 270 A1 is an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, known, which has an SCR module and a PF module.
  • the SCR module includes at least one SCR catalyst element in an SCR housing connected to an exhaust line.
  • the PF module contains an upstream of the SCR housing to the Exhaust line connected PF housing at least one particulate filter element and at least one pre-oxidation catalyst element.
  • a fuel metering device is provided with which a fuel upstream of the at least one particle filter element can be introduced into the exhaust gas stream.
  • the pre-oxidation catalyst element is formed by a catalytic coating of the particulate filter element.
  • a device which contains in a housing a catalytic cleaning device and a particulate filter, wherein the section containing the particulate filter is made interchangeable.
  • an exhaust system that has a particulate reduction unit, a reducing agent tank and a modular construction of a nitrogen oxide reduction unit.
  • the present invention is concerned with the problem of providing an improved embodiment for an exhaust system of the aforementioned type, which is characterized in particular by the fact that it can be adapted particularly easily to different emission values to be complied with. In particular, a maintenance of the exhaust system should be simplified.
  • the invention is based on the general idea of constructing the exhaust system modular, so that the exhaust system at least a first module, such as an SCR module, and a second Module, such as a PF module has, where PF stands for particulate filter.
  • PF stands for particulate filter.
  • These modules are mutually separate and independent units, which are each manufactured and installed in the exhaust system.
  • the modular exhaust system is characterized by a high degree of flexibility with regard to its adaptability to different emission requirements.
  • particulate removal from the exhaust gases is not required for a particular application, such as a gasoline engine or natural gas engine, for example, the PF module may be omitted or modified to operate, for example, as a muffler.
  • the SCR module can be dispensed with;
  • the SCR module may be modified to include particulate reducing elements rather than SCR catalyst elements, such that the SCR module may be used in addition to or as an alternative to the PF module for particulate removal from the exhaust gases.
  • the modular exhaust system according to the invention offers the possibility of simple retrofitting or retrofitting of the individual modules or the entire exhaust system.
  • the central portion of the PF housing may be removed separately so that the pre-oxidation catalyst element may remain in the entrance portion.
  • the maintenance or replacement of the particulate filter element can thereby be realized cheaper.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partially sectioned side view of a particular embodiment of an exhaust system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an inventive exhaust system 1 for an internal combustion engine, not shown, in particular a motor vehicle.
  • the exhaust system 1 according to the invention is used in diesel engines in commercial vehicles, such as buses and trucks.
  • the exhaust system 1 can be constructed with the aid of a modular system according to the invention.
  • this module system comprises a first module 2 and a second module 3 and at least one connecting tube 4.
  • the first module 2 has a first housing 5, in which at least one first exhaust gas treatment element 6 is arranged.
  • the first housing 5 has a first exhaust gas inlet 7 and a first exhaust gas outlet 8, via which the first housing 5 can be connected to an exhaust gas line of the exhaust system 1, not shown here.
  • This exhaust gas line leads the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine from the internal combustion engine into the environment.
  • the modular system comprises for the first exhaust gas treatment element 6 different variants, which are alternatively and in particular interchangeable in the first housing 2 can be mounted in the construction of the first module 2 and the exhaust system 1.
  • the variants of the first exhaust gas treatment element 6 are at least one SCR catalyst element and a PM catalyst element.
  • PM stands for particle-reducing.
  • a PM catalyst element is a particle-reducing element which acts as a particle when it flows through and works with open channels. The entrained in the exhaust gas flow particles are deposited on walls of the channels of the PM catalyst element, without causing the risk of clogging of the channels of the PM catalyst element. In catalytically active channel walls, under certain conditions, the deposited particles are oxidized. As a result, the PM catalyst element can be permanently regenerated passively.
  • the first module 2 can thus be configured as an SCR module or as a particle-reducing module depending on the selected variant for the first exhaust gas treatment element 6.
  • the second module 3 has a second housing 9 which serves to receive at least one second exhaust gas treatment element 10.
  • the second housing 9 has a second exhaust gas inlet 11 and a second exhaust gas outlet 12, via which the second housing 9 can be connected to the exhaust gas line.
  • the module system comprises a plurality of different variants, which are alternatively and preferably replaceable in the second housing 9 can be mounted.
  • variants of the second exhaust treatment element 10 include, for example, a wall-flow particulate filter element.
  • a wall-flow particulate filter element In contrast to a PM catalyst element has a wall-flow particulate filter element closed channels, so that the exhaust gas flow is forced to flow through porous channel walls.
  • the particles are filtered out and stored in the wall material.
  • the wall-flow particle filter element gradually increases and therefore has to be regenerated permanently or at intervals.
  • a wall-flow particle filter element In contrast to a PM catalyst element, a wall-flow particle filter element has the disadvantage that its flow resistance can generally rise sharply, however As a rule, the separation efficiency for particles in the case of the wall-flow particle filter element is significantly greater than in the case of a PM catalyst element.
  • the variants of the second exhaust gas treatment element may be a PM catalyst element and / or a silencer element and / or an oxidation catalyst element.
  • the two modules 2, 3 can now be interconnected, in which the connecting pipe 4 connects the second exhaust gas outlet 12 with the first exhaust gas inlet 7.
  • Fig. 1 is symbolized with arrows 13 an exhaust gas flow, the exhaust system 1 flows through during operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the first module 2 is arranged downstream of the second module 3 in the exhaust line.
  • the first module 2 is designed as an SCR module, which will also be referred to below as 2.
  • the first exhaust gas treatment element 6 is preferably an SCR catalytic converter element, which will also be referred to below as 6.
  • the respective SCR catalyst element 6 may be, for example, a vanadium-based or vanadium-free catalyst or may have a correspondingly coated carrier, for example of cordierite or of metal, or may be configured as a bulk extrudate.
  • a cross-mixing can be achieved, which improves a distribution and mixing of the reducing agent over the catalyst cross-section.
  • this cross-mixing on the one hand, the NO x reduction in the SCR catalyst element 6 can be improved and, on the other hand, the amount of urea which flows through the SCR catalyst element 6 without reaction can be reduced.
  • the second module 3 is a PF module, which is also referred to below as 3.
  • PF stands for particle filter.
  • the second housing 9 is also referred to below as the PF housing 9.
  • the second exhaust gas treatment element 10 is a particle filter element, which will also be referred to below as 10.
  • the term particle filter includes any devices that have a particle-reducing effect when they flow through.
  • the term particulate filter element thus comprises the wall-flow particulate filter elements described above and the PM catalyst elements.
  • the particulate filter element 10 configured as a wall-flow particulate filter element may optionally consist of cordierite, sintered metal, sillicium carbide or another suitable filter material.
  • the exhaust system 1 thus comprises the SCR module 2 and the upstream thereof arranged PF module 3, wherein the two modules 2, 3 are connected to each other via the connecting pipe 4.
  • the two modules 2, 3 of the modular system are matched in terms of their function and mode of action on each other, so that the two modules 2, 3 are preferably used simultaneously and installed in an exhaust system 1.
  • the connecting pipe 4 has at least one decoupling element 14, which is designed so that the two housings 5, 9 are mechanically decoupled from each other.
  • the two housings 5, 9 for example, perform relative movements to each other, without causing damage to the connecting pipe 4 or one of the housing 5, 9 comes. Such relative movements may occur during operation of the vehicle equipped with the exhaust system 1.
  • the decoupling element 14 can compensate thermal expansion effects that arise because the exhaust system 1 can expand during operation due to the high temperatures that occur.
  • Decoupling element 14 may be, for example, a flexible corrugated pipe, which is inserted here into connecting pipe 4. Accordingly, the decoupling element 14 or the corrugated pipe between two adjoining sections 15, 16 of the connecting pipe 4. Due to the expected high temperatures, the corrugated pipe (decoupling element 14) is preferably made of a suitable metal. The corrugated tube 14 is connected via round bottle 17 with the sections 15, 16 of the connecting pipe 4.
  • the SCR module 2 here comprises a urea metering device 18, with the aid of which urea upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst element 6 can be introduced into the exhaust gas flow 13.
  • a urea dosing 18 only one injection nozzle 19 for introducing the urea is shown here, which is arranged in the region of the first exhaust gas inlet 7.
  • the SCR module 2 also has a mixing section 20 in the SCR housing 5, which extends between the inlet point for the urea, that is, between the injection nozzle 19 and the at least one SCR catalyst element 6 in the SCR housing 5.
  • the inlet pipe 21 connects the first exhaust gas inlet 7 with the inlet chamber 22 within the SCR housing 5.
  • At least one passive mixing element may be arranged, which during its flow or through-flow is intensively mixed of the introduced urea with the exhaust gas flow 13 causes.
  • the exhaust gases thus pass from the first exhaust gas inlet 7 via the inlet pipe 21 into the inlet chamber 22.
  • the exhaust gases pass from the inlet chamber 22 through the at least one SCR catalytic converter element 6 into a collection chamber 23.
  • the collection chamber 23 is separated from the outlet chamber 25 by a gas-permeable partition wall 24 separated.
  • the gas permeability of this partition wall 24 is achieved, for example via corresponding passage openings or by a porous configuration of the partition wall 24.
  • From the outlet chamber 25, the exhaust gas stream 13 passes through an outlet pipe 26 to the first exhaust gas outlet 8.
  • the SCR housing 5 additionally contains here a damper chamber 27, which contains a damper material 28 and which is arranged between the inlet chamber 22 and the outlet chamber 25.
  • the outlet pipe 26, the inlet pipe 21 and the at least one SCR catalyst element 6 are passed through this damper chamber 27.
  • the outlet pipe 26 is designed to be permeable to airborne sound within the damper chamber 27.
  • a section of the outlet tube 26 extending in the damper chamber 27 is provided with a perforation 29 for this purpose.
  • the SCR module 2 expediently contains a plurality of SCR catalyst elements 6, which are arranged parallel to one another and which can be flowed through in parallel by the exhaust gas flow 13.
  • the SCR module 2 may be equipped with a sensor not shown here, which is designed in particular so that in the exhaust stream 13, a temperature, a NO x content and an NH 3 content can be measured.
  • the SCR module 2 also comprises an exhaust gas cooling device 30.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device 30 is arranged downstream of the at least one SCR catalytic converter element 6 and serves to cool the exhaust gases leaving the first exhaust gas outlet 8.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device 30 is arranged in the region of the outlet pipe 26.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device 30 can for this purpose have a nozzle arrangement 31, which is arranged in the outlet pipe 26.
  • the nozzle arrangement 31 can be designed as an annular nozzle and can in particular be integrated into a wall of the outlet pipe 26.
  • a suitable coolant can be introduced into the exhaust gas flow 13.
  • the coolant is ambient air; however, other coolants are also conceivable.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device 30 may also be equipped with a cooling channel through which a coolant can flow.
  • This cooling channel can eg be coupled in a heat-transmitting manner with a wall of the outlet pipe 6 or be integrated in this wall. For example, it is then the coolant then a liquid coolant;
  • the cooling channel can be connected to a cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine.
  • the PF module 3 may be equipped with a fuel metering device 32, of which only one injection nozzle 33 is shown here.
  • a fuel e.g. the fuel of the internal combustion engine
  • upstream of the at least one particulate filter element 10 are introduced into the exhaust stream 13.
  • a fuel supply is required in particular when the temperature of the particulate filter element 10 has to be increased to a starting temperature at which an erosion of the particle charge of the particulate filter element 10 begins to initiate an active regeneration of the particulate filter element 10.
  • the particle filter element 10 can be made catalytically active.
  • At least one pre-oxidation catalytic converter element 34 is arranged in the PF housing 9 upstream of the at least one particle filter element 10, is preferred. The introduction of the fuel then takes place upstream of this pre-oxidation catalyst element 34.
  • the at least one pre-oxidation catalyst element 34 thus serves as a catalytic burner during active regeneration of the particle filter element 10.
  • the pre-oxidation catalyst element 34 can also serve as a conventional oxidation catalyst. Besides, it can be considered as NO 2 catalyst serve to support a continuous regeneration of the particulate filter element 10. Overall, the pre-oxidation catalyst element 34 makes it possible to improve the NO-absorbing action of the SCR module 2.
  • the PF module 3 may include at least one post-oxidation catalyst element 35 disposed in the PF housing 9 downstream of the at least one particulate filter element 10. With the aid of the post-oxidation catalyst element 35, fuel residues which have not been or are not completely reacted when the particle filter element 10 is heated up can be oxidized. Also, the at least one post-oxidation catalyst element 35 may contribute to an improvement in the function of the SCR module 2.
  • the PF module 3 may be equipped with a sensor 36, by means of which, in particular, the temperature in the exhaust gas flow 13 and / or a differential pressure measurement on the at least one particle filter element 10 can be carried out. By means of the differential pressure measurement, the loading state of the particle filter element 10 can be determined.
  • the PF housing 9 has a central portion 37 which is arranged between an inlet section 38 and an outlet section 39.
  • the inlet section 38 comprises the second exhaust gas inlet 11 and, as here, may additionally contain the at least one pre-oxidation catalytic converter element 34.
  • the outlet section 39 has the second exhaust gas outlet 12 and can also contain the at least one post-oxidation catalytic converter element 35.
  • the middle section 37 contains the at least one particle filter element 10 and is fastened interchangeably at the inlet section 38 and at the outlet section 39 by means of fastening elements 40.
  • a damaged or outdated particulate filter element 10 can be particularly easily replaced by a new, since the central portion 37 can be particularly easily removed without the entire PF module 3 has to be removed from the exhaust system 1.
  • This also makes it possible to convert the particle filter element 10 particularly simply in the case of the PF module 3, for example from a wall-flow particle filter element into a PM catalyst element and vice versa.
  • the fastening elements 40 are expediently configured as quick-fastening elements. Shown here are configured as clamps fasteners 40, the outwardly projecting, bead-like edge regions on the end faces of the sections 37, 38, 39 to be joined together are formed.
  • the SCR housing 5 and the PF housing 9 can be configured sound-damping, for example by double walls with insulating material arranged therebetween.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Système d'échappement pour un moteur à combustion interne, en particulier dans un véhicule automobile,
    - avec un module SCR (2) contenant au moins un élément de catalyseur SCR (6) dans un boîtier SCR (5) raccordé à une ligne d'échappement,
    - avec un module PF (3) contenant au moins un élément de filtration de particules (10) ainsi qu'au moins un élément de catalyseur à préoxydation (34), dans un boîtier PF (9) raccordé à la ligne d'échappement, en amont du boîtier SCR (5),
    - avec un dispositif de dosage de carburant (32) permettant de guider un carburant dans le flux de gaz d'échappement (13), en amont de l'au moins un élément de filtration de particules (10),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - l'au moins un élément de catalyseur à préoxydation (34) est installé dans le boîtier PF (9), en amont de l'au moins un élément de filtration de particules (10),
    - le dispositif de dosage de carburant (32) comporte un injecteur (33) sur le boîtier PF (9), pour l'injection du carburant, en amont de l'élément de catalyseur à préoxydation (34),
    - le boîtier PF (9) comporte une section centrale (37), installée entre une section d'entrée (38) comportant une entrée de gaz d'échappement (11) et une section de sortie (39) comportant une sortie de gaz d'échappement (12), laquelle contient l'au moins un élément de filtration de particules (10) et est fixée de manière remplaçable sur la section d'entrée (38) et la section de sortie (39), au moyen d'éléments de fixation (40),
    - la section d'entrée (38) contient l'élément de catalyseur à préoxydation (34).
  2. Système d'échappement selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la ligne d'échappement comporte une conduite de liaison (4) reliant une sortie de gaz d'échappement (12) du boîtier PF (9) avec une entrée de gaz d'échappement (7) du boîtier SCR (5),
    - la conduite de liaison (4) comporte au moins un élément de désaccouplement (14), pour le désaccouplement mécanique des deux boîtiers (5, 9).
  3. Système d'échappement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que
    - l'élément de désaccouplement (14) est conçu comme un tube ondulé souple, et/ou
    - en ce que le tube ondulé est installé dans la conduite de liaison (4), entre deux sections (15, 16) de la conduite de liaison (4), adjacentes à celui-ci, et/ou
    - en ce que le tube ondulé est constitué de métal, et/ou
    - en ce que le tube ondulé est relié à des sections (15, 16) de la conduite de liaison (4) adjacentes à celui-ci, par le biais de brides rondes (17).
  4. Système d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le module PF (3) dans le boîtier PF (9) contient au moins un élément de catalyseur à post-oxydation (35), installé en aval de l'au moins un élément de filtration de particules (10), et/ou
    - en ce que le module PF (3) comporte un système de détection (36), en particulier pour la mesure de température et/ou la mesure de différence de pression sur l'au moins un élément de filtration de particules (10).
  5. Système d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments de fixation (40) sont conçus comme des éléments de fixation rapide.
  6. Système d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le module SCR (2) comporte un dispositif de dosage d'urée (18), permettant d'alimenter de l'urée dans le flux de gaz d'échappement (13), en amont de l'au moins un élément de catalyseur SCR (6), et/ou
    - en ce que le module SCR (2) dans le boîtier SCR (5) comporte une section de mélange (20) installée entre un point d'entrée pour l'urée et l'au moins un élément de catalyseur SCR (6), et/ou
    - le module SCR (2) comporte une conduite d'entrée (21) reliant, dans le boîtier SCR (5), une entrée de gaz d'échappement (7) du boîtier SCR (5) avec une chambre d'entrée (22) du boîtier SCR (5), et/ou
    - en ce que l'au moins un élément de catalyseur SCR (6) relie la chambre d'entrée (22) avec une chambre de collecte (23) du boîtier SCR (5), et/ou
    - en ce que le module SCR (2) comporte une conduite de sortie (26) reliant une sortie de gaz d'échappement (8) du boîtier SCR (5) avec une chambre de sortie (25) ou avec une chambre de collecte (23), dans le boîtier SCR (5), et/ou
    - en ce que le boîtier SCR (5) contient une chambre d'amortissement (27) remplie d'un matériau amortisseur (28), installée entre une chambre d'entrée (22) et une chambre de sortie (25), et/ou
    - en ce que l'au moins un élément de catalyseur SCR (6) et/ou la conduite de sortie (26) et/ou la conduite d'entrée (21) est/sont guidé(es) à travers une chambre d'amortissement (27), et/ou
    - en ce que la conduite de sortie (26) est conçue de manière à laisser passer le bruit aérien, en particulier de manière à être perforée, dans une section s'étendant dans la chambre d'amortissement (27), et/ou
    - en ce que le module SCR (2) contient plusieurs éléments de catalyseur SCR (6), installés dans le boîtier SCR (5) et aptes à être traversés parallèlement, et/ou
    - en ce que le module SCR (2) comporte un système de détection, en particulier pour la mesure de température et/ou de NOx et/ou de NH3 dans le flux de gaz d'échappement (13).
  7. Système d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le module SCR (2) comporte un dispositif de refroidissement (30), installé en aval de l'au moins un élément de catalyseur SCR (6), et/ou
    - en ce que le dispositif de refroidissement (30) comporte un canal de refroidissement susceptible d'être traversé par un liquide de refroidissement, qui est accouplé à une paroi de la conduite de sortie (26) ou encore intégré dans celle-ci, de manière à transmettre la chaleur, et/ou
    - en ce que le dispositif de refroidissement (30) comporte un ensemble de buse (31), intégré dans une paroi de la conduite de sortie (26) ou installé dans la conduite de sortie (26), permettant d'alimenter un liquide de refroidissement dans le flux de gaz d'échappement (13) .
  8. Système d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le deuxième élément de traitement de gaz d'échappement (10) contient un élément de filtration de particules Wall-flow et/ou un élément de catalyseur PM, et peut en outre être conçu avec un élément de silencieux.
  9. Module PF pour un système d'échappement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  10. Module SCR pour un système d'échappement (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
EP06111902.0A 2005-05-30 2006-03-29 Dispositif d'échappement Expired - Fee Related EP1728984B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005025045A DE102005025045A1 (de) 2005-05-30 2005-05-30 Abgasanlage

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EP1728984A3 EP1728984A3 (fr) 2006-12-20
EP1728984B1 true EP1728984B1 (fr) 2010-11-03
EP1728984B2 EP1728984B2 (fr) 2015-08-19

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EP1728984A2 (fr) 2006-12-06
DE102005025045A1 (de) 2006-12-14
DE502006008209D1 (de) 2010-12-16
EP1728984B2 (fr) 2015-08-19
EP1728984A3 (fr) 2006-12-20
US20060266022A1 (en) 2006-11-30
US7836688B2 (en) 2010-11-23

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