EP1656844B1 - Masque respiratoire - Google Patents

Masque respiratoire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1656844B1
EP1656844B1 EP04027224A EP04027224A EP1656844B1 EP 1656844 B1 EP1656844 B1 EP 1656844B1 EP 04027224 A EP04027224 A EP 04027224A EP 04027224 A EP04027224 A EP 04027224A EP 1656844 B1 EP1656844 B1 EP 1656844B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fold line
mask body
breathing mask
outer edge
folding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP04027224A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1656844A1 (fr
Inventor
Roman Skov
Heinz Wandel
Torben Skov
Frank Kern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Moldex Metric AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Moldex Metric AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moldex Metric AG and Co KG filed Critical Moldex Metric AG and Co KG
Priority to DE502004010641T priority Critical patent/DE502004010641D1/de
Priority to EP04027224A priority patent/EP1656844B1/fr
Priority to US11/192,809 priority patent/US9314056B2/en
Publication of EP1656844A1 publication Critical patent/EP1656844A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1656844B1 publication Critical patent/EP1656844B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A41D13/1107—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape
    • A41D13/1138—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape with a cup configuration
    • A41D13/1146—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape with a cup configuration obtained by moulding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a respirator of the type described in the preamble of claim 1, a preferred method of making the same as explained in the preamble of claim 16 and a preferred form thereof for the type explained in the preamble of claim 17.
  • a respirator, a method and a form of this kind are known from DE 27 17 968 known.
  • This document describes a disposable breathing mask with a dimensionally rigid mask body, which was produced in a mold with stamp by deep drawing.
  • dimensionally stiff mask body of respirators are very beneficial in use, since they create a breathing cavity in front of the user's mouth and nose, which does not collapse even when inhaled, that is, the mask body does not attach to the mouth or nose by the inhalation and further inhalation hinders or irritates the user. Molded stiff mask body but are awkward to stow when not in use.
  • the mask body is usually not so stiff that it can not be crumpled up to be plugged into a pocket, but by its dimensional stability, he is anxious to return to its original shape, causing it jammed in the bag, so removing the respirator from the bag of the garment becomes difficult.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a respirator that can be easily stowed.
  • the form-fitting stiff mask body can be folded for stowing, whereby the predetermined fold line ensures that the return force is reduced to the original shape without the stiffness, in particular not being reduced or only insignificantly reduced in relation to the inhalation pressure ,
  • the mask consists of a flat, flat blank of a single or double-layered filter material and is brought by dart in a curved shape. In order to bring this respirator in a flat shape so that it can be verstant for reuse in a bag, fold lines are given on the mask body.
  • respirators are for example from the WO-A-0048481 or the EP-A-1 147 787 However, these respirators contain no dimensionally stiff mask body, but are made of one or more flat blanks of sheet materials, the fold lines are given by connecting seams or dart.
  • Embossed fold lines are on the one hand easy to produce and on the other hand still useful after repeated folds.
  • the fold line is formed for a predetermined folding direction, so that the user automatically finds the cheapest way in which the respirator can be folded to save space.
  • the folding direction can be predetermined by a specific design of the fold line, preferably by making the fold line on the inside of the stowage fold wider and / or deeper than on the outside of the stowage fold.
  • the mask body is provided with a stiffened outer edge, it facilitates the folding, when a folding line extending to the outer edge ends there in a notch.
  • a stabilizing embossing and / or a sealing lip in the nose area stabilizes the mask shape after folding.
  • the stowage fold is fixed in the folded state, which is preferably achieved by providing the fold line in an outwardly curved region of the mask body and arranging the inside of the stowage fold on the outside of the curved region.
  • the curved area must be pressed inwards, whereby a certain fixation of the fold is achieved.
  • the stiffness of the mask body is maintained against the suction during inhalation in the fold line. This effect is enhanced when the fold line is provided in a moldable and shape-retaining layer of the mask body.
  • substantially two fold lines with different fold directions are sufficient, with one fold line between two side areas, i. parallel to the mouth, extends and the other fold line is substantially perpendicular thereto and extends only over a portion between opposite outer sides, and preferably in the chin region.
  • the mask body of the respiratory mask according to the invention is preferably deep-drawn, this method has the advantage that at the same time the fold line can be formed.
  • a mold is preferably used in which corresponding forming webs are provided on the mold cavity and on the stamp.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective, schematic representation of an embodiment of a respirator 1 according to the invention with a mask body 2 and two Kopfbändem 3a, 3b.
  • the respirator 1 may further comprise a not drawn, known exhalation valve, a nose clip or other components of conventional respirators.
  • the respirator is in the preferred embodiment of the type that is designed for single use or for a limited period of use, and is preferably a dust mask.
  • the mask body 2 of the respirator 1 is of the usual preformed type, i. it is dimensionally stiff and shaped.
  • the term "dimensionally stable" means that the mask body 2 also retains its shape, ie does not collapse, under the suction produced by inhalation, although the mask body can preferably be deformed, but only under the action of forces that exceed the forces occurring during inhalation.
  • contour means that the shape of the mask body is deformed by deformation of the mask body 2, so that the mask body 2 tends to resume its original shape after being deformed of the material and not by cutting and assembling flat sheet materials has been achieved, although of course the mask body can also be composed of different, each individually shaped sections.
  • the formation of the mask body is achieved by deep drawing, wherein the entire material of the mask body 2 is pressed using pressure and heat by a the inner contour of the mask body 2 determining punch in a the outer contour of the mask body 2 defining cavity. At the same time a circumferential outer edge 4 is formed, which is shaped so that it seals around the mouth and nose of the wearer.
  • the material of the mask body 2 is preferably multi-layered and contains at least one moldable and shape-retaining layer.
  • the mask body as in Fig. 3 exaggerated, from a shape-retaining and moldable layer 5 and a filter layer 6, which does not necessarily have to be malleable and shape-retaining.
  • the layer 5 consists in the illustrated embodiment of a grid of thermoplastic or the like., Which is compared to the filter material 6 is much coarser mesh, so that the passage of air is hindered as little as possible.
  • the material of the layer 5 is heat sealable, can be easily deformed by application of heat and pressure and solidifies in the then adopted form. Due to the lattice-shaped design and the material itself, the mask body continues to receive a certain degree of elasticity and is thus anxious to take its shape obtained during molding again after exposure to an external force, as soon as the external force subsides.
  • the mask body 2 has the usual cup or cup-shaped configuration, with an outer side 2a, preferably formed by the layer 5, and an inner side 2b facing the user.
  • the shape of the mask body 2 comprises a nose region 7, i. an area extending over and on both sides of a user's nose, a chin area 8 extending under the chin of a user, and left and right side areas 9a and 9b interconnecting the nose area 7 and the chin area 8 toward the ears projecting rearward of the user and are provided with the Kopfbändem 3a, 3b.
  • a sealing lip 10 is provided in the nose region 7, which extends over the entire nose region 7, i. the area over the nose bridge of the user and seals next to the nostrils.
  • the sealing lip 10 has preferably been fastened or formed on the mask body in the manufacture of the mask body and consists of a soft, yielding sealing material, such as a foam.
  • two stabilizing regions 11a and 11b are further provided, which are formed as slight depressions or indentations and cause the mask body 2 applies more strongly to the nostrils of the user, wherein the area of the mask body assigned to the bridge of the nose of the user becomes narrower and thus has a better fit on the nose of the user.
  • the mask body 2 of the respiratory mask 1 according to the invention is foldable for stowing, for example, in a pocket of a garment.
  • the mask body 2 contains at least one predetermined fold line.
  • the fold line is preferably embossed in the mask body 2, which is expediently done during the production of the mask body 2.
  • the mask body 2 is deep-drawn, this may be done during the deep-drawing process, using a mold having a mold cavity and a punch.
  • For impressing the fold line at least one projecting into the mold cavity molding web is provided, but preferably for each fold line two corresponding mold lands are used, one of which is arranged on the stamp.
  • the respirator 1 is designed for a quarter fold, for which essentially two fold lines 12, 13 are responsible.
  • the first fold line 12 extends in a straight line and centrally between the two side regions 9a and 9b from the outer edge 4 in the chin region 8 in the direction of the outer edge 4 in the nose region 7, but only over a partial length of the distance between the chin region 8 and the nose region 7. The partial length is half or less than half this distance.
  • the first fold line 12 opens at the outer edge 4 in the chin region 8 in a notch 14, which breaks through the outer edge 4 and ensures that the slightly stiffer outer edge 4 does not hinder the folding.
  • the fold line 12 is formed by two partial lines 12a and 12b, wherein the sub-line 12a is deeper and / or wider than the sub-line 12b, both sub-lines 12a, 12b, however, arranged concurrently and aligned.
  • the partial lines 12a, 12b are here designed as substantially triangular or trapezoidal line embossings, which are directed towards each other with their tips.
  • the preferred folding direction about the folding line 12 is predetermined. This is effected in the illustrated embodiment by the different size of the two sub-lines 12a, 12b, wherein the wider and / or deeper sub-line 12a on the inside of a first configuration 15 (FIG. Fig. 5 ), since the larger and wider partial line 12a makes it possible to place the regions of the mask body which are to be folded closer together.
  • the inside of a stowage fold is thus defined as the side on which the areas to be folded lie on top of each other.
  • the folding direction of the first fold line 12 is set so that they, like the FIGS. 5 and 6 show, can be folded into the interior of the mask body.
  • the first fold line 12 is further located in an outwardly curved portion of the mask body 2 and extends over this curved portion, i. the fold line 12 is also curved outwards.
  • the fold line 12 must first be straightened out by a pressure from the outside on the fold line 12, before a folding can take place. This ensures that the mask body 2 does not fold automatically by inhalation pressure.
  • a fixation of the first stowage folding 15 is achieved in the folded state, since for unfolding the mask body 2, an additional internal pressure on the fold line 12 must be exercised to bring them back into the outwardly curved shape.
  • the fold line 13 is provided, which extends substantially perpendicular to the first fold line 12 from a notch 14 in the outer edge 4 in a side region 9a to a further notch 14 in the outer edge 4 in the other side region 9b, wherein the fold line 13 respectively between the two Kopfbändem 3a, 3b ends.
  • the second fold line 13 forms with the first fold line 12 is substantially a T-shape, wherein the first fold line 12 extends to the second fold line 13 or ends in close proximity thereto.
  • the second fold line 13 may be formed continuously or may be formed from two separate fold lines, each of which runs from the associated side region 9a or 9b to the first fold line 12.
  • the folding direction is predetermined, but this is opposite to the folding direction of the first folding direction 12, i. not shown, deeper and / or wider partial line of the fold line 13 is disposed on the inside 2b of the mask body 2 and extends into the outer layer 5, while on the outside 2a, the narrower or flatter part line of the fold line 13 is located. Otherwise, the fold line 13 is formed analogous to the fold line 12.
  • a second stowage fold 16 is formed by the second fold line 13, which allows the mask body 2 to be folded to approximately one quarter of its size, wherein the chin area 8 is folded into the interior of the mask body 2 in the nose area 7.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a respirator 100 according to the invention, which differs from the embodiment of the Fig. 1 and 2 only differs by the arrangement of the two headbands 3a and 3b and a differently guided, second fold line 113. All other features correspond to the features of the embodiment, so that reference may be made to the description there.
  • the second fold line 113 extends in the respirator 100 is not perpendicular to the first fold line 12, but forms an approximate arrow shape with the fold line 113 consists of two sections 117 and 118, each extending from the end of the first fold line 12 at an acute angle extend to the first fold line 12 in the direction of the respective adjacent side regions 9a and 9b and there again in a notch 14 in the outer edge 4 ends.
  • space is created for attachment of both headbands 3a, 3b above the second fold line 113, so that the headbands can be arranged at a convenient location for attachment to the head of a carrier, but do not interfere with the folding.
  • the mask body can also be produced in other ways. Although a quarter fold of the mask body is preferred, the mask body may be even smaller or only half folded, if more convenient.
  • the first fold line does not necessarily have to start at the chin area, but may also extend from the nose area or, similarly to the second fold line 13, pass from the chin area to the nose area. It is also possible to change the arrangement, the function and the relationship of the folding lines to each other.
  • a fold line with a fixed folding direction in which the inside of the fold lies on the inside of the mask body, ie analogous to the second fold line of the described embodiments, from the chin area to the nose area, while another folding line, in which the folding direction is so determined in that the inside of the fold lies on the outside of the mask body, extends from one side region over a partial length of the distance in the direction of the other side region.
  • the described embodiment can also be used in respiratory masks which are provided with an exhalation valve.
  • the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the described structure and the described shape of the mask body and may include multiple filter layers and additional layer or filter material different filter effect. The attachment to the head of the wearer can be solved differently than shown.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Masque de protection respiratoire (1, 100) avec un corps de masque (2) thermoformé rigide, à maintien de forme caractérisé par au moins une ligne de pliage (12, 13, 14) prescrite sur le corps de masque (2) pour un pli de rangement (15, 16).
  2. Masque de protection respiratoire selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la ligne de pliage (12, 13, 113) est estampée.
  3. Masque de protection respiratoire selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la ligne de pliage (12, 13, 113) est prévue pour un sens de pliage prescrit.
  4. Masque de protection respiratoire selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la ligne de pliage (12, 13, 113) est plus profonde et/ou plus large sur la face intérieure du pli de rangement (15, 16) que sur la face extérieure du pli de rangement (15, 16).
  5. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le corps de masque (2) est pourvu d'un bord extérieur (4), et en ce que la ligne de pliage (12, 13, 113) se termine dans une encoche (14) du bord extérieur.
  6. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le corps de masque (2) est pourvu d'un gaufrage de stabilisation (11 a, 11 b) dans la région nasale (7).
  7. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le corps de masque (2) est pourvu d'une lèvre d'étanchéité (10) dans la région nasale (7).
  8. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le pli de rangement (15, 16) est fixé.
  9. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des.revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la ligne de pliage (12) est prévue dans une zone bombée vers l'extérieur du corps de masque (2), et en ce que la face intérieure du pli de rangement (15) est disposée contre la face extérieure de la zone bombée.
  10. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le corps de masque (2) comporte au moins une couche (5) formable et à maintien de forme, et en ce que la ligne de pliage (12, 13, 113) est prévue dans cette couche (5).
  11. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la ligne de pliage (12) est disposée sensiblement centralement entre deux zones latérales (9a, 9b) du corps de masque (2) et ne s'étend depuis un bord extérieur (4) que sur une longueur partielle de la distance au bord extérieur opposé (4).
  12. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la ligne de pliage (13, 113) est disposée sensiblement centralement entre une région nasale et une région mentonnière (7, 8) du corps de masque (2) et depuis un bord extérieur latéral (4) vers le bord extérieur latéral opposé (4).
  13. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'une première et au moins une deuxième ligne de pliage (12, 13, 113) pour un premier et un deuxième pli de rangement (15, 16) sont prévues de manière que la face intérieure d'un pli de rangement (15) repose contre la face extérieure (2a) du corps de masque (2) et la face intérieure de l'autre pli de rangement (16) contre la face intérieure (2b) du corps de masque (2).
  14. Masque de protection respiratoire selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la première et la deuxième lignes de pliage (12, 13, 113) sont transversales l'une à l'autre.
  15. Masque de protection respiratoire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'une première et au moins une deuxième ligne de pliage (12, 13, 113) à sens de pliage prescrit pour un premier et un deuxième plis de rangement (15, 16) sont estampées dans le corps de masque (2), en ce que la première ligne de pliage (12) s'étend sensiblement centralement entre deux zones latérales (9a, 9b) depuis un bord extérieur (4) dans une région mentonnière (8) sur une longueur partielle vers une région nasale (7) du corps de masque (2), la face intérieure du premier pli de rangement (15) reposant contre la face extérieure (2a) du corps de masque (2), et en ce que la deuxième ligne de pliage (13, 113) s'étend depuis le bord extérieur (4) dans une zone latérale (9a) vers le bord extérieur (4) de la zone latérale opposée (9b), transversalement à la première ligne de pliage (12), la face intérieure du deuxième pli de rangement (16) reposant contre la face intérieure (2b) du corps de masque (2), et la première ligne de pliage (12) se terminant contre la deuxième ligne de pliage (13, 113) ou à proximité de celle-ci.
  16. Procédé de fabrication d'un masque de protection respiratoire (1, 100), où un corps de masque (2) est thermoformé dans un moule de thermoformage sous application de pression et de chaleur, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une ligne de pliage (12, 13, 113) est estampée pour un pli de rangement (15, 16) lors de la fabrication du corps de masque (2) dans le moule de thermoformage.
  17. Moule pour fabriquer un corps de masque (2) rigide et à maintien de forme d'un masque de protection respiratoire (1, 100), avec une cavité de moule et un poinçon, caractérisé par une nervure saillant dans la cavité de moule et une nervure correspondante saillant du poinçon pour former une ligne de pliage (12, 13, 113) pour un pli de rangement (15, 16) dans le corps de masque (2).
EP04027224A 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Masque respiratoire Expired - Fee Related EP1656844B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE502004010641T DE502004010641D1 (de) 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Atemschutzmaske
EP04027224A EP1656844B1 (fr) 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Masque respiratoire
US11/192,809 US9314056B2 (en) 2004-11-16 2005-07-28 Breathing mask

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04027224A EP1656844B1 (fr) 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Masque respiratoire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1656844A1 EP1656844A1 (fr) 2006-05-17
EP1656844B1 true EP1656844B1 (fr) 2010-01-13

Family

ID=34927413

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04027224A Expired - Fee Related EP1656844B1 (fr) 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Masque respiratoire

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US9314056B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1656844B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004010641D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (15)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0804140D0 (en) * 2008-03-06 2008-04-09 Alpha Solway Ltd An improved respirator
US9012013B2 (en) * 2008-12-18 2015-04-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Expandable face mask with reinforcing netting
BR112012010951A2 (pt) 2009-11-18 2017-11-07 3M Innovantive Properties Company respirador metodo para fabricação de um meio filtrante e metodo de preparo de um respirador
CN104553110B (zh) * 2013-10-15 2016-07-06 林诗诠 用于口罩的隔绝结构的制造方法
US10357069B2 (en) * 2016-06-20 2019-07-23 Ronald Tuan Gauze mask with folding lines capable of enabling the gauze mask to be folded into a flat package or unfolded into a three dimensional configuration
CN208692333U (zh) * 2017-06-16 2019-04-05 沟口初子 胸罩
USD855174S1 (en) * 2017-10-16 2019-07-30 Honeywell International Inc. Single use respirator with textile knitted fabric
DE102020111774A1 (de) 2020-04-30 2021-11-04 Happ, Kunststoffspritzgußwerk und Formenbau GmbH Filterelement, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie Atemschutzmaske
US11154101B2 (en) * 2020-07-16 2021-10-26 Andrew Karakostas Protective mask with no-touch access flap
DE102020128534A1 (de) 2020-10-29 2022-05-05 Wolf Pvg Gmbh & Co. Kg Atemschutzmaske und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Atemschutzmaske
DE102020134616B4 (de) 2020-12-22 2023-08-03 HMT Hygiene- Medizin- & Krankenhaus-Technik GmbH Schutzmaske
DE102020134665B4 (de) 2020-12-22 2024-04-25 HMT Hygiene- Medizin- & Krankenhaus-Technik GmbH Schutzmaske
DE102020134675A1 (de) 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 HMT Hygiene- Medizin- & Krankenhaus-Technik GmbH Schutzmaske
USD1004073S1 (en) 2021-03-04 2023-11-07 Devarati Roy Mask
USD1000603S1 (en) 2021-03-04 2023-10-03 Devarati Roy Mask

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1839706A1 (fr) * 2000-03-09 2007-10-03 Protector Technologies B.V. Masque respiratoire jetable

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US2227667A (en) * 1938-08-29 1941-01-07 Panettiere Cayetano Surgical mask
US2290885A (en) * 1940-04-05 1942-07-28 American Optical Corp Respirator and method of making the same
US2378929A (en) * 1942-06-29 1945-06-26 American Optical Corp Respirator
US3971369A (en) * 1975-06-23 1976-07-27 Johnson & Johnson Folded cup-like surgical face mask and method of forming the same
DE2717968A1 (de) * 1976-05-11 1977-12-01 American Optical Corp Einmal-atemmaske, verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen derselben
US4248220A (en) * 1979-09-10 1981-02-03 American Cyanamid Company Disposable dust respirator
US4419994A (en) * 1980-07-03 1983-12-13 Racal Safety Limited Respirators
DE8203356U1 (de) * 1982-02-09 1985-05-15 Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck Filtrierende Atemhalbmaske

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1839706A1 (fr) * 2000-03-09 2007-10-03 Protector Technologies B.V. Masque respiratoire jetable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9314056B2 (en) 2016-04-19
US20060102183A1 (en) 2006-05-18
EP1656844A1 (fr) 2006-05-17
DE502004010641D1 (de) 2010-03-04

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