EP1655190A1 - Vehicle parking brake actuator with electric force feedback - Google Patents

Vehicle parking brake actuator with electric force feedback Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1655190A1
EP1655190A1 EP05292340A EP05292340A EP1655190A1 EP 1655190 A1 EP1655190 A1 EP 1655190A1 EP 05292340 A EP05292340 A EP 05292340A EP 05292340 A EP05292340 A EP 05292340A EP 1655190 A1 EP1655190 A1 EP 1655190A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
brake
clamping
handle
fixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05292340A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1655190B1 (en
Inventor
Francois Bailleux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA filed Critical Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Publication of EP1655190A1 publication Critical patent/EP1655190A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1655190B1 publication Critical patent/EP1655190B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/08—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation hand actuated
    • B60T7/10—Disposition of hand control
    • B60T7/107—Disposition of hand control with electrical power assistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
    • B60T11/04—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting mechanically
    • B60T11/046—Using cables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/746—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive and mechanical transmission of the braking action

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle electric secondary brake, comprising an electric actuator including a movable part that this actuator moves in a so-called clamping direction when it is urged to tighten the brake, a handle that can be moved by a user to tighten the brake, and a clamping switch including a fixed clamping member and a movable member which closes the switch when it bears on the fixed member, the actuator being biased when the clamping switch is closed.
  • a secondary brake is a control device parallel to a main brake hydraulic control, and includes in particular cables transmitting a clamping force to brake receivers incorporating a mechanical control parallel to the hydraulic control.
  • Conventional secondary brakes known as "handbrakes” comprise a handle, integral in rotation with a pulley, in association with a brake cable which winds on this pulley.
  • the control of the dosage of the braking force is carried out by the user who directly perceives the force that he applies to the brake cable when he pulls on the handle.
  • a ratchet device makes the blocking in the tight position of the assembly constituted by the handle and the pulley.
  • This device comprises a retractable pawl, integral with the pulley, which is adapted to protrude from it to block it by engaging in a corresponding toothing integral with a fixed part of the vehicle.
  • the pawl which is held in the extended position by a spring can be retracted by the user by means of a release button which acts against the spring.
  • the current evolution leads to electrically assisted secondary brakes, that is to say in which the action of the user on the handle solicits an electric actuator that generates the force applied to the brake cables. The user does not have to generate himself the clamping force, as in the handbrake.
  • the current electrical secondary brakes are controlled by means of a push-button type electrical switch that the user depresses to activate the secondary brake.
  • An electronic card located between the handle and the electric actuator drives the actuator to apply to the brake cables a force having an intensity adapted to the situation in which the vehicle is located.
  • the electronic card includes a computer that takes into account various parameters such as information from a slope sensor, so that the braking force is metered in particular depending on the slope.
  • This map is relatively advanced because it must also detect and identify critical situations in order to dose the braking force accordingly.
  • critical situations are for example a hill start or braking with the secondary brake while the vehicle is driving.
  • the calculator does not necessarily know all the parameters to identify precisely the different critical situations that may arise. Therefore, the braking force applied by the actuator is not always metered appropriately.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electric secondary brake control for an appropriate dosage of the braking force.
  • the subject of the invention is an electric motor vehicle secondary brake, comprising an electric actuator including a movable part that this actuator moves in a so-called clamping direction when it is urged to tighten the brake, a handle can be moved by a user to tighten the brake, and a clamping switch including a fixed clamping member and a movable member which closes the switch when it bears on the fixed member, the actuator being biased when the clamping switch is closed, characterized in that the handle is linked in motion to a movable part of the actuator via a resilient element extending between two ends, and in that the movable member is attached to this elastic member in a region between its two ends.
  • the elastic element is formed by a helical spring, and wherein the movable member is fixed to a central region of this coil spring.
  • this elastic element may also comprise two springs connected to one another by an intermediate element such as a cable, the movable member then being secured to this intermediate element.
  • the mobile part can be moved by the actuator in another direction, called the loosening direction when this actuator is biased to release the brake, the handle can be moved to release the brake, and the
  • the switch comprises another fixed member, said fixed loosening member, disposed opposite to the fixed clamping member relative to the movable member. The actuator can thus ensure both the tightening and the release of the brake in an assisted manner.
  • the handle comprises a ratchet and rack device for immobilizing this handle in a clamping position among several possible clamping positions.
  • the desired clamping force can thus be adjusted by the user in the same way as with a conventional handbrake. It is thus possible to use a conventional type of handle, so that the use is the same as in the case of a conventional handbrake.
  • the actuator comprises a housing in which are mounted a motor and a worm which has an end rotatably connected to this motor by a slide connection so that this worm can move longitudinally with respect to the housing while being rotated by the motor, this worm has its other end secured to a ball stop which is supported on a fixed part by means of a clamping spring, a slider is connected in motion to the worm by a helical link, and the movable part of the actuator is constituted by the ball stop.
  • the control is thus controlled on the clamping force that is applied, so as not to be influenced by brake wear or variations in their dimensions under the effect of thermal variations.
  • the actuator is equipped with two end-of-travel switches capable of cutting off the motor power supply when the slider is at the end of the clamping stroke or at the end of the loosening stroke.
  • the limit switches have a safety function: they are not used in normal operation and are used in case of an operating incident to stop the rotation of the motor.
  • the actuator is mounted in a housing, and wherein the elastic member as well as the fixed and movable members and the limit switches are mounted in this housing.
  • Combining all electrical functions in a single package reduces manufacturing and integration costs, and makes certification easier as there are no control wires outside the enclosure. It is therefore not necessary to double such control son, as is the case for example when the brake is electrically controlled from a dashboard.
  • the electric secondary brake which is shown schematically in Figure 1 comprises a handle which is integral with a pulley 2, the assembly formed by the handle and the pulley being adapted to pivot about an axis AX.
  • This electric brake also comprises an electric actuator 3 comprising a motor 4 adapted to move a moving part in a clamping direction and in a loosening direction. It includes a housing not shown, in which is mounted the electric motor 4 which rotates a worm 6 on which is mounted a slider 7 which is linked in motion with the worm 6 by a helical link.
  • this force is transmitted by a rudder 8 which balances the forces between the two cables.
  • These two brake cables respectively correspond respectively to the right and left rear brakes of the vehicle.
  • the mobile part which is apt to apply the tensile force can be directly the cursor 7, but it can also be constituted by another part of the actuator 3, which will be detailed below.
  • the actuator is provided to move the movable portion in a clamping direction and in a loosening direction, according to a control command that is transmitted thereto.
  • the tightening direction corresponds to a displacement in which the slider 7 approaches the motor 4
  • the loosening direction is a direction in which this slider moves away from the engine 4.
  • This electric brake comprises a movable member 10 adapted to be supported either on a fixed member 11 said clamping or on a fixed member 12 said loosening, adapted to control the motor 4 so that it rotates in a direction of tightening in one direction of loosening.
  • the movable member is a movable electrical contact
  • the fixed members are fixed contacts.
  • the movable member 10 and the fixed member 11 constitute a clamping switch 11 'adapted to urge the actuator 3 to clamp the brake when the switch is electrically closed.
  • the movable member 10 constitutes with the fixed loosening member a brake release switch 12 'able to urge the actuator 3 to release the brake when this release switch is electrically closed.
  • the idea underlying the invention is that the force applied to the brake cables is directly controlled by the user. This is achieved by means of a control which includes a force feedback device, ie a device in which the actuator 3 applies to the brakes a force which is proportional to the effort exerted by the user. on the handle.
  • a control which includes a force feedback device, ie a device in which the actuator 3 applies to the brakes a force which is proportional to the effort exerted by the user. on the handle.
  • the embodiments described hereinafter include a helical type force return spring.
  • the invention can also be implemented using a foam-based elastic element offering, for example, a non-linear elasticity.
  • the handle 1 is linked in motion to the movable part of the actuator by means of two cables 14 and 15 connected to one another by at least one spring 16, and this spring 16 carries in its central part the movable member 10.
  • first cable 14 has one end connected to the pulley 2 or the handle 1, and its other end secured to a first end 16A of the spring 16.
  • the second cable 15 has an end secured to the movable part of the actuator 3, and its other end integral with a second end 16B of the spring 16.
  • Each cable 14, 15 is for example positioned in a sheath.
  • the spring When the user pulls the handle 1, the spring elongates 16, its second end 16B remaining stationary. This extension causes the displacement of the movable member 10, to the fixed clamping member 11, which has the effect of actuating the motor 4 in a clamping direction. The displacement of the movable part of the actuator then lengthens the spring 16, the first end 16A of this spring 16 then remaining stationary, which has the effect of moving the movable member 10 away from the fixed clamping member 11, until opening of the clamping switch 11 '. In this situation, the movable part of the actuator stops, the tightening being carried out.
  • the spring 16 narrows, its second end 16B then remaining stationary, which has the effect of bringing the movable member 10 of the fixed release member 12, until to obtain the closure of the release switch 12 '.
  • the actuator 3 then moves the movable portion in the loosening direction which has the effect of narrowing the spring 16 while its first end 16A remains stationary.
  • the movable member 10 then moves away from the fixed release member 12, until the release switch 12 'is opened so that the mobile part comes to rest, the release of the brake having been achieved.
  • the handle 1 may be a handle of conventional type, including a locking device 18 comprising a rack 19 and a pawl 20 can be released by a push button 21 located at the end of the handle.
  • this handle can be immobilized in a clamping position among several possible clamping positions, so as to define the desired clamping intensity.
  • This handle advantageously has smaller dimensions than conventional handles, because the forces applied by the user are much lower than those applied to conventional handles, unassisted.
  • the handle may for example be designed to be operable by a finger and not by the full hand.
  • the user can thus push the push button 21, pull the handle 1 with a greater or lesser intensity which corresponds to the desired clamping force, and release the push button 21 to immobilize the handle 1 in the desired position.
  • the actuator can thus act with a certain delay: the driver applies his instruction, then the gearmotor brings the corresponding effort in a few seconds (of the order of 2 seconds). This makes it possible to size the actuator with a relatively slow motor, so as to reduce the manufacturing cost of the entire device.
  • the device of Figure 1 is shown in block diagram form in Figure 2 to illustrate the functional relationship between the various elements of the device according to the invention.
  • the handle 1 when the handle 1 is moved by the user, it acts on the spring 16 to close the clamping or loosening switch, which causes the motor 4 to rotate in a direction of tightening or loosening so generating or releasing a braking force F in the brakes of the vehicle.
  • the movable portion of the actuator is constituted by the slider so that the return force is proportional to the position of the slider along the worm. But this position may vary for the same clamping force for example because of the wear of the brake linings, or the expansion of the brake discs under the effect of temperature changes.
  • clamping spring As described below, makes it possible to overcome these variations, this clamping spring constituting an elastic reserve in the system.
  • This clamping spring is indicated by 24 in FIG.
  • the movable part of the actuator, to which the handle is connected is then formed by a ball stop 23 located at one end of a clamping spring 24.
  • the body of the motor 4 is mounted fixed relative to the vehicle, but the motor 4 has its output shaft which is connected to the worm 6 by a slide connection 25 through which the worm is rotatably connected to the output shaft while being able to move longitudinally with respect thereto.
  • the other end of the worm 6 is in abutment against the clamping spring 24 via the thrust bearing 23, so that the worm 6 can rotate relative to the clamping spring while having its end in support against it.
  • the rudder 8 to which the clamping cables are connected is fixed to the slider 7 with respect to which it can pivot to balance the forces in the clamping ropes.
  • the worm 6 When the actuator 3 is biased to tighten the secondary brake, the worm 6 is rotated and advances relative to the slider 7, thanks to the slide connection, so that it compresses the clamping spring 24 to exert braking force on the brake cables.
  • the second cable 15 has one end rigidly attached to a non-rotating portion of the ball stop 23, in a direction such that the compression of the clamping spring 24 pulls on the second cable 15, tending to lengthen the force return spring. 16.
  • the actuator 3 When the actuator 3 is biased to tighten the brake, it is mainly the worm 6 and the thrust bearing 23 which moves by compressing the clamping spring 24 to exert on the brake cables a force via slider 7 and rudder 8.
  • the force return here is proportional to the compression of the clamping spring 24, that is to say that it is proportional to the force that the actuator 3 actually applies to the brake cables, and not not to a displacement of the braking cables.
  • the implementation of the clamping spring 24 in the actuator also makes it possible to obtain a greater displacement of the slider 7 relative to the worm 6 during the clamping of the brake, so that the motor 4 must produce the set of the clamping force over a wider range of rotation.
  • FIG. 3 An example of an electrical circuit that can be used to drive the actuator is shown in FIG. 3. This circuit is located between a ground 0V and a positive supply referenced by 12V in the figure. In this circuit, the electric motor 4 is shown with two terminals 27 and 28 which are respectively connected to two switches 29 and 30.
  • switches 29 and 30 are respectively actuated by the loosening and clamping switches 11 'and 12' mentioned above, via respectively two relays 31 and 32.
  • the switches 29 and 30 are both connected to the 12V supply so that the motor 4 is not not electrically powered.
  • the relay 32 actuates the switch 30 so that it comes into contact with the earth 0V, so that the two terminals 27 and 28 of the motor are respectively powered by the ground 0V and the 12V supply, which rotates the motor in a first direction of rotation.
  • This electric circuit also comprises a fuse FU placed between the switches 29 and 30 and the ground 0V, this fuse being intended to intervene for example in the event of a short circuit in the motor 4.
  • the circuit further comprises two so-called limit switches 33 and 34 which are mechanically actuated by the slider 7 to open when it reaches its maximum stroke when it approaches the motor 4 or its maximum stroke when it moves away. of this engine. These limit switches which are respectively connected to the relays 31 and 32 open when the limit switch is reached in order to cut off the power supply of the motor 4 to prevent it from deteriorating.
  • the circuit of Figure 3 is also equipped with a light marked V, which is connected to the release limit switch so as to illuminate when the switch is closed, that is when the brakes are not completely loose.
  • the loosening limit switch 34 may also consist of a force sensor integrated in the clamping spring 24, which is indicated by C in FIG. 2.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show in greater detail an architecture of an electric actuator according to the invention which comprises a housing 36 in which are grouped the majority of the constituent elements of the secondary brake control according to the invention.
  • This housing comprises the motor 4 which is associated with a mechanical gearbox 37 comprising an output shaft connected to the worm 6 by the sliding connection 25.
  • the worm 6 has its other end bearing on a clamping spring 24 which here is formed by several washers "Belleville”, through the thrust ball bearing 23, this clamping spring is placed on the inner side of the housing 36.
  • the entire housing 36 is mounted fixed relative to the vehicle, and the moving part of the actuator is constituted by the thrust bearing 23.
  • the force return spring 16 is mounted inside the housing 36 having an end attached to one end of a force return rod 39 which is adapted to move longitudinally relative to the housing.
  • the other end of the force return rod 39 is attached to a fastener 38 which is integral with the portion of the thrust bearing 23 bearing against the clamping spring 24.
  • the other end of the return spring of 16 is attached to one end of the force return cable 14 which passes through the wall of the housing 36, and which joins the pulley 2.
  • the motion transmission chain is therefore formed mainly by the force return spring 16, by the force return rod 39 which are located inside the housing 36, and by the return cable. of effort 14 coming out of this housing 36.
  • the housing 36 also comprises the clamping limit switch 33 and the loosening limit switch 34 which are both actuated by the slider 7.
  • switches 11 'and 12' intended to control the loosening and the clamping, are also located inside the casing 36, being actuated by means of a lug 40 which is integral with the force return spring. 16.
  • the force return cable 14 pulls the force return spring 16 to the right in these figures, which has the effect of activating the switch 11 'to trigger the brake application.
  • the force return rod 39 is displaced to the left in these figures, so that the lug 40 then activates the switch 12 'which controls the release of the brake .
  • the actuator shown in Figures 4 and 5 can thus be mounted directly on the vehicle floor instead of the conventional brake handle, which in particular avoids making this actuator tight.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Elements And Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)

Abstract

The brake has a grip (1) displaced by a user for locking the brake and pushed for unlocking the brake. The grip is movably connected to a thrust ball bearing (23) of an actuator (3) by utilizing a coil spring (16) that extends between ends (16A, 16B). A movable part (10) is fixed to the coil spring in a central region which is situated between the ends of the spring.

Description

L'invention concerne un frein secondaire électrique de véhicule automobile, comprenant un actionneur électrique incluant une partie mobile que cet actionneur déplace selon une direction dite de serrage lorsqu'il est sollicité pour serrer le frein, une poignée pouvant être déplacée par un utilisateur pour serrer le frein, et un interrupteur de serrage incluant un organe fixe de serrage et un organe mobile qui ferme l'interrupteur lorsqu'il est en appui sur l'organe fixe, l'actionneur étant sollicité lorsque l'interrupteur de serrage est fermé.The invention relates to a motor vehicle electric secondary brake, comprising an electric actuator including a movable part that this actuator moves in a so-called clamping direction when it is urged to tighten the brake, a handle that can be moved by a user to tighten the brake, and a clamping switch including a fixed clamping member and a movable member which closes the switch when it bears on the fixed member, the actuator being biased when the clamping switch is closed.

De façon générale, un frein secondaire est un dispositif de commande parallèle à une commande hydraulique de frein principal, et comprend notamment des câbles transmettant un effort de serrage vers des récepteurs de freins intégrant une commande mécanique parallèle à la commande hydraulique.In general, a secondary brake is a control device parallel to a main brake hydraulic control, and includes in particular cables transmitting a clamping force to brake receivers incorporating a mechanical control parallel to the hydraulic control.

Les freins secondaires classiques, dits "frein à main" comprennent une poignée, solidaire en rotation d'une poulie, en association avec un câble de frein qui s'enroule sur cette poulie. Le contrôle du dosage de l'effort de freinage est réalisé par l'utilisateur qui perçoit directement l'effort qu'il applique au câble de frein lorsqu'il tire sur la poignée.Conventional secondary brakes, known as "handbrakes" comprise a handle, integral in rotation with a pulley, in association with a brake cable which winds on this pulley. The control of the dosage of the braking force is carried out by the user who directly perceives the force that he applies to the brake cable when he pulls on the handle.

Un dispositif à cliquet réalise le blocage en position serrée de l'ensemble constitué par la poignée et la poulie. Ce dispositif comprend un cliquet escamotable, solidaire de la poulie, qui est apte à dépasser de celle-ci pour la bloquer en s'engageant dans une denture correspondante solidaire d'une partie fixe du véhicule.A ratchet device makes the blocking in the tight position of the assembly constituted by the handle and the pulley. This device comprises a retractable pawl, integral with the pulley, which is adapted to protrude from it to block it by engaging in a corresponding toothing integral with a fixed part of the vehicle.

Le cliquet qui est maintenu en position sortie par un ressort peut être escamoté par l'utilisateur au moyen d'un bouton de déblocage qui agit à l'encontre du ressort.The pawl which is held in the extended position by a spring can be retracted by the user by means of a release button which acts against the spring.

L'évolution actuelle conduit à des freins secondaires assistés électriquement, c'est-à-dire dans lesquels l'action de l'utilisateur sur la poignée sollicite un actionneur électrique qui génère l'effort appliqué aux câbles de freins. L'utilisateur n'a ainsi pas à générer lui-même l'effort de serrage, comme dans les freins à main.The current evolution leads to electrically assisted secondary brakes, that is to say in which the action of the user on the handle solicits an electric actuator that generates the force applied to the brake cables. The user does not have to generate himself the clamping force, as in the handbrake.

Les freins secondaires électriques actuels sont commandés au moyen d'un interrupteur électrique du type bouton poussoir, que l'utilisateur enfonce pour activer le frein secondaire. Une carte électronique située entre la poignée et l'actionneur électrique pilote cet actionneur pour qu'il applique aux câbles de freins un effort ayant une intensité adaptée à la situation dans laquelle se trouve le véhicule.The current electrical secondary brakes are controlled by means of a push-button type electrical switch that the user depresses to activate the secondary brake. An electronic card located between the handle and the electric actuator drives the actuator to apply to the brake cables a force having an intensity adapted to the situation in which the vehicle is located.

La carte électronique inclut un calculateur qui prend en compte différents paramètres comme par exemple des informations issues d'un capteur de pente, pour que l'effort de freinage soit dosé notamment en fonction de la pente.The electronic card includes a computer that takes into account various parameters such as information from a slope sensor, so that the braking force is metered in particular depending on the slope.

Cette carte est relativement évoluée, car elle doit aussi détecter et identifier les situations critiques afin de doser en conséquence l'effort de freinage. De telles situations critiques sont par exemple un démarrage en côte ou un freinage avec le frein secondaire alors que le véhicule roule.This map is relatively advanced because it must also detect and identify critical situations in order to dose the braking force accordingly. Such critical situations are for example a hill start or braking with the secondary brake while the vehicle is driving.

Cependant, le calculateur ne connaît pas nécessairement tous les paramètres permettant d'identifier avec précision les différentes situations critiques pouvant se présenter. Par conséquent, l'effort de freinage appliqué par l'actionneur n'est pas toujours dosé de manière appropriée.However, the calculator does not necessarily know all the parameters to identify precisely the different critical situations that may arise. Therefore, the braking force applied by the actuator is not always metered appropriately.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer une commande de frein secondaire électrique permettant un dosage approprié de l'effort de freinage.The object of the invention is to provide an electric secondary brake control for an appropriate dosage of the braking force.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un frein secondaire électrique de véhicule automobile, comprenant un actionneur électrique incluant une partie mobile que cet actionneur déplace selon une direction dite de serrage lorsqu'il est sollicité pour serrer le frein, une poignée pouvant être déplacée par un utilisateur pour serrer le frein, et un interrupteur de serrage incluant un organe fixe de serrage et un organe mobile qui ferme l'interrupteur lorsqu'il est en appui sur l'organe fixe, l'actionneur étant sollicité lorsque l'interrupteur de serrage est fermé, caractérisé en ce que la poignée est liée en mouvement à une partie mobile de l'actionneur par l'intermédiaire d'un élément élastique s'étendant entre deux extrémités, et en ce que l'organe mobile est fixé à cet élément élastique dans une région située entre ses deux extrémités.To this end, the subject of the invention is an electric motor vehicle secondary brake, comprising an electric actuator including a movable part that this actuator moves in a so-called clamping direction when it is urged to tighten the brake, a handle can be moved by a user to tighten the brake, and a clamping switch including a fixed clamping member and a movable member which closes the switch when it bears on the fixed member, the actuator being biased when the clamping switch is closed, characterized in that the handle is linked in motion to a movable part of the actuator via a resilient element extending between two ends, and in that the movable member is attached to this elastic member in a region between its two ends.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément élastique est formé par un ressort hélicoïdal, et dans lequel l'organe mobile est fixé à une région centrale de ce ressort hélicoïdal. Mais cet l'élément élastique peut aussi comprendre deux ressorts reliés l'un à l'autre par un élément intermédiaire tel qu'un câble, l'organe mobile étant alors solidaire de cet élément intermédiaire.According to a characteristic of the invention, the elastic element is formed by a helical spring, and wherein the movable member is fixed to a central region of this coil spring. But this elastic element may also comprise two springs connected to one another by an intermediate element such as a cable, the movable member then being secured to this intermediate element.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la partie mobile peut être déplacée par l'actionneur selon une autre direction, dite direction de desserrage lorsque cet actionneur est sollicité pour desserrer le frein, la poignée peut être déplacée pour desserrer le frein, et l'interrupteur comprend un autre organe fixe, dit organe fixe de desserrage, disposé de façon opposée à l'organe fixe de serrage par rapport à l'organe mobile. L'actionneur peut ainsi assurer à la fois le serrage et le desserrage du frein de façon assistée.According to another characteristic of the invention, the mobile part can be moved by the actuator in another direction, called the loosening direction when this actuator is biased to release the brake, the handle can be moved to release the brake, and the The switch comprises another fixed member, said fixed loosening member, disposed opposite to the fixed clamping member relative to the movable member. The actuator can thus ensure both the tightening and the release of the brake in an assisted manner.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la poignée comprend un dispositif à cliquet et crémaillère permettant d'immobiliser cette poignée dans une position de serrage parmi plusieurs positions de serrage possibles. L'effort de serrage souhaité peut ainsi être ajusté par l'utilisateur de la même manière qu'avec un frein à main classique. Il est ainsi possible d'utiliser une poignée de type classique, de sorte que l'utilisation est la même que dans le cas d'un frein à main classique.According to another characteristic of the invention, the handle comprises a ratchet and rack device for immobilizing this handle in a clamping position among several possible clamping positions. The desired clamping force can thus be adjusted by the user in the same way as with a conventional handbrake. It is thus possible to use a conventional type of handle, so that the use is the same as in the case of a conventional handbrake.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'actionneur comprend un boîtier dans lequel sont montés un moteur et une vis sans fin qui a une extrémité liée en rotation à ce moteur par une liaison glissière de sorte que cette vis sans fin peut se déplacer longitudinalement par rapport au boîtier tout en étant entraînée en rotation par le moteur, cette vis sans fin a son autre extrémité solidaire d'une buttée à billes qui est appui sur une partie fixe par l'intermédiaire d'un ressort de serrage, un curseur est lié en mouvement à la vis sans fin par une liaison hélicoïdale, et la partie mobile de l'actionneur est constituée par la butée à bille. La commande est ainsi asservie sur l'effort de serrage qui est appliqué, de manière à ne pas être influencée par l'usure des freins ou les variations de leurs dimensions sous l'effet des variations thermiques.According to another characteristic of the invention, the actuator comprises a housing in which are mounted a motor and a worm which has an end rotatably connected to this motor by a slide connection so that this worm can move longitudinally with respect to the housing while being rotated by the motor, this worm has its other end secured to a ball stop which is supported on a fixed part by means of a clamping spring, a slider is connected in motion to the worm by a helical link, and the movable part of the actuator is constituted by the ball stop. The control is thus controlled on the clamping force that is applied, so as not to be influenced by brake wear or variations in their dimensions under the effect of thermal variations.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'actionneur est équipé de deux interrupteurs de fin de course aptes à couper l'alimentation électrique du moteur lorsque le curseur est en fin de course de serrage ou en fin de course de desserrage. Les interrupteurs de fin de course ont une fonction de sécurité : ils ne sont pas sollicités en fonctionnement normal et servent en cas d'incident de fonctionnement à stopper la rotation du moteur.According to another characteristic of the invention, the actuator is equipped with two end-of-travel switches capable of cutting off the motor power supply when the slider is at the end of the clamping stroke or at the end of the loosening stroke. The limit switches have a safety function: they are not used in normal operation and are used in case of an operating incident to stop the rotation of the motor.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'actionneur est monté dans un boîtier, et dans lequel l'élément élastique ainsi que les organes fixes et mobile et les interrupteurs de fin de course sont montés dans ce boîtier. Le fait de réunir l'ensemble des fonctions électriques dans un même boîtier réduit les coûts de fabrication et d'intégration, et facilite l'homologation car il n'y a pas de fils de commande à l'extérieur du boîtier. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de doubler de tels fils de commande, comme c'est par exemple le cas lorsque le frein est commandé électriquement depuis une planche de bord.According to another characteristic of the invention, the actuator is mounted in a housing, and wherein the elastic member as well as the fixed and movable members and the limit switches are mounted in this housing. Combining all electrical functions in a single package reduces manufacturing and integration costs, and makes certification easier as there are no control wires outside the enclosure. It is therefore not necessary to double such control son, as is the case for example when the brake is electrically controlled from a dashboard.

L'invention sera maintenant décrite plus en détail, et en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent des modes de réalisation à titre d'exemple non limitatif.

  • La figure 1 est une représentation schématique du frein selon l'invention lorsque la poignée est en position de serrage ;
  • La figure 2 est un diagramme illustrant le fonctionnement du frein secondaire selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 3 montre un circuit électrique pour frein secondaire électrique ;
  • La figure 4 est une première vue détaillée de l'actionneur selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 5 est une seconde vue détaillée de l'actionneur selon l'invention ;
The invention will now be described in more detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate embodiments thereof by way of non-limiting example.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the brake according to the invention when the handle is in the clamping position;
  • Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the secondary brake according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 shows an electric circuit for an electric secondary brake;
  • Figure 4 is a first detailed view of the actuator according to the invention;
  • Figure 5 is a second detailed view of the actuator according to the invention;

Le frein secondaire électrique qui est représenté schématiquement sur la figure 1 comprend une poignée qui est solidaire d'une poulie 2, l'ensemble formé par la poignée et la poulie étant apte à pivoter autour d'un axe AX.The electric secondary brake which is shown schematically in Figure 1 comprises a handle which is integral with a pulley 2, the assembly formed by the handle and the pulley being adapted to pivot about an axis AX.

Ce frein électrique comprend également un actionneur électrique 3 comprenant un moteur 4 apte à déplacer une partie mobile selon une direction de serrage et selon une direction de desserrage. Il inclut un boîtier non représenté, dans lequel est monté le moteur électrique 4 qui entraîne en rotation une vis sans fin 6 sur laquelle est monté un curseur 7 qui est lié en mouvement avec la vis sans fin 6 par une liaison hélicoïdale.This electric brake also comprises an electric actuator 3 comprising a motor 4 adapted to move a moving part in a clamping direction and in a loosening direction. It includes a housing not shown, in which is mounted the electric motor 4 which rotates a worm 6 on which is mounted a slider 7 which is linked in motion with the worm 6 by a helical link.

Lorsque la vis sans fin 6 est entraînée en rotation par le moteur 4, le curseur 7 se déplace longitudinalement par rapport à cette vis sans fin pour appliquer un effort de freinage à des câbles de frein.When the worm 6 is rotated by the motor 4, the slider 7 moves longitudinally relative to the worm to apply a braking force to brake cables.

Dans le cas de deux câbles, cet effort est transmis par un palonnier 8 qui équilibre les efforts entre les deux câbles. Ces deux câbles de freins correspondent par exemple respectivement aux freins arrières droite et gauche du véhicule. La partie mobile qui est apte à appliquer l'effort de traction peut être directement le curseur 7, mais elle peut aussi être constituée par une autre partie de l'actionneur 3, ce qui serra détaillé plus bas.In the case of two cables, this force is transmitted by a rudder 8 which balances the forces between the two cables. These two brake cables respectively correspond respectively to the right and left rear brakes of the vehicle. The mobile part which is apt to apply the tensile force can be directly the cursor 7, but it can also be constituted by another part of the actuator 3, which will be detailed below.

L'actionneur est prévu pour déplacer la partie mobile selon une direction de serrage et selon une direction de desserrage, en fonction d'un ordre de commande qui lui est transmis. Dans l'exemple de la figure, la direction de serrage correspond à un déplacement dans lequel le curseur 7 se rapproche du moteur 4, et la direction de desserrage est une direction dans laquelle ce curseur s'éloigne du moteur 4.The actuator is provided to move the movable portion in a clamping direction and in a loosening direction, according to a control command that is transmitted thereto. In the example of the figure, the tightening direction corresponds to a displacement in which the slider 7 approaches the motor 4, and the loosening direction is a direction in which this slider moves away from the engine 4.

Ce frein électrique comprend un organe mobile 10 apte à être en appui soit sur un organe fixe 11 dit de serrage, soit sur un organe fixe 12 dit de desserrage, aptes à commander le moteur 4 pour qu'il tourne soit dans un sens de serrage soit dans un sens de desserrage. Dans l'exemple des figures 1 et 3, l'organe mobile est un contact électrique mobile, et les organes fixes sont des contacts fixes.This electric brake comprises a movable member 10 adapted to be supported either on a fixed member 11 said clamping or on a fixed member 12 said loosening, adapted to control the motor 4 so that it rotates in a direction of tightening in one direction of loosening. In the example of Figures 1 and 3, the movable member is a movable electrical contact, and the fixed members are fixed contacts.

L'organe mobile 10 et l'organe fixe 11 constituent un interrupteur de serrage 11' apte à solliciter l'actionneur 3 pour qu'il serre le frein lorsque cet interrupteur est électriquement fermé. De manière analogue l'organe mobile 10 constitue avec l'organe fixe de desserrage un interrupteur 12' de desserrage du frein, apte à solliciter l'actionneur 3 pour qu'il desserre le frein lorsque cet interrupteur de desserrage est électriquement fermé.The movable member 10 and the fixed member 11 constitute a clamping switch 11 'adapted to urge the actuator 3 to clamp the brake when the switch is electrically closed. Similarly, the movable member 10 constitutes with the fixed loosening member a brake release switch 12 'able to urge the actuator 3 to release the brake when this release switch is electrically closed.

L'idée à la base de l'invention est que l'effort appliqué aux câbles de freins est directement contrôlé par l'utilisateur. Ceci est réalisé au moyen d'une commande qui inclut un dispositif à retour d'effort, c'est à dire un dispositif dans lequel l'actionneur 3 applique aux freins un effort qui est proportionnel à l'effort qu'exerce l'utilisateur sur la poignée.The idea underlying the invention is that the force applied to the brake cables is directly controlled by the user. This is achieved by means of a control which includes a force feedback device, ie a device in which the actuator 3 applies to the brakes a force which is proportional to the effort exerted by the user. on the handle.

La sûreté de fonctionnement, en particulier dans les situations critiques est ainsi nettement améliorée puisque c'est l'utilisateur qui dose directement l'effort à appliquer en fonction de la situation qu'il rencontre. D'autre part, la commande étant sensible au retour d'effort, son encombrement peut rester très faible en comparaison avec les poignées du type frein à main.The safety of operation, especially in critical situations is thus significantly improved since it is the user who directly dose the effort to be applied depending on the situation he encounters. On the other hand, the control being sensitive to the force feedback, its size can remain very low compared to the handles of the handbrake type.

Les modes de réalisation décrits ci-après, incluent un ressort de retour d'effort du type hélicoïdal. Mais l'invention peut aussi bien être mise en oeuvre en utilisant un élément élastique à base de mousse offrant par exemple une élasticité non linéaire.The embodiments described hereinafter include a helical type force return spring. However, the invention can also be implemented using a foam-based elastic element offering, for example, a non-linear elasticity.

Selon l'invention, la poignée 1 est liée en mouvement à la partie mobile de l'actionneur par l'intermédiaire de deux câbles 14 et 15 reliés l'un à l'autre par au moins un ressort 16, et ce ressort 16 porte dans sa partie centrale l'organe mobile 10.According to the invention, the handle 1 is linked in motion to the movable part of the actuator by means of two cables 14 and 15 connected to one another by at least one spring 16, and this spring 16 carries in its central part the movable member 10.

Plus particulièrement, le premier câble 14 a une extrémité reliée à la poulie 2 ou à la poignée 1, et son autre extrémité solidaire d'une première extrémité 16A du ressort 16. Le second câble 15 a une extrémité solidaire de la partie mobile de l'actionneur 3, et son autre extrémité solidaire d'une seconde extrémité 16B du ressort 16. Chaque câble 14, 15 est par exemple positionné dans une gaine.More particularly, the first cable 14 has one end connected to the pulley 2 or the handle 1, and its other end secured to a first end 16A of the spring 16. The second cable 15 has an end secured to the movable part of the actuator 3, and its other end integral with a second end 16B of the spring 16. Each cable 14, 15 is for example positioned in a sheath.

Lorsque l'utilisateur tire la poignée 1, le ressort s'allonge 16, sa seconde extrémité 16B restant immobile. Cet allongement provoque le déplacement de l'organe mobile 10, jusqu'à l'organe fixe de serrage 11, ce qui a pour effet d'actionner le moteur 4 dans un sens de serrage. Le déplacement de la partie mobile de l'actionneur allonge alors le ressort 16, la première extrémité 16A de ce ressort 16 restant alors immobile, ce qui a pour effet d'éloigner l'organe mobile 10 de l'organe fixe de serrage 11, jusqu'à obtenir l'ouverture de l'interrupteur de serrage 11'. Dans cette situation, la partie mobile de l'actionneur s'immobilise, le serrage étant réalisé.When the user pulls the handle 1, the spring elongates 16, its second end 16B remaining stationary. This extension causes the displacement of the movable member 10, to the fixed clamping member 11, which has the effect of actuating the motor 4 in a clamping direction. The displacement of the movable part of the actuator then lengthens the spring 16, the first end 16A of this spring 16 then remaining stationary, which has the effect of moving the movable member 10 away from the fixed clamping member 11, until opening of the clamping switch 11 '. In this situation, the movable part of the actuator stops, the tightening being carried out.

Lorsque l'utilisateur pousse la poignée 1 pour desserrer le frein, le ressort 16 se rétrécit, sa seconde extrémité 16B restant alors immobile, ce qui a pour effet de rapprocher l'organe mobile 10 de l'organe fixe de desserrage 12, jusqu'à obtenir la fermeture de l'interrupteur de desserrage 12'. L'actionneur 3 déplace alors la partie mobile dans la direction de desserrage ce qui a pour effet de rétrécir le ressort 16 alors que sa première extrémité 16A reste immobile. L'organe mobile 10 s'éloigne alors de l'organe fixe 12 de desserrage, jusqu'à ouvrir l'interrupteur de desserrage 12' pour que la partie mobile s'immobilise, le desserrage du frein ayant été réalisé.When the user pushes the handle 1 to release the brake, the spring 16 narrows, its second end 16B then remaining stationary, which has the effect of bringing the movable member 10 of the fixed release member 12, until to obtain the closure of the release switch 12 '. The actuator 3 then moves the movable portion in the loosening direction which has the effect of narrowing the spring 16 while its first end 16A remains stationary. The movable member 10 then moves away from the fixed release member 12, until the release switch 12 'is opened so that the mobile part comes to rest, the release of the brake having been achieved.

La poignée 1 peut être une poignée de type classique, incluant un dispositif de blocage 18 comprenant une crémaillère 19 et un cliquet 20 pouvant être dégagé par un bouton poussoir 21 situé en bout de poignée.The handle 1 may be a handle of conventional type, including a locking device 18 comprising a rack 19 and a pawl 20 can be released by a push button 21 located at the end of the handle.

Comme dans le cas des poignées classiques, cette poignée peut ainsi être immobilisée dans une position de serrage parmi plusieurs positions de serrage possibles, de manière à définir l'intensité de serrage souhaitée.As in the case of conventional handles, this handle can be immobilized in a clamping position among several possible clamping positions, so as to define the desired clamping intensity.

En effet, plus l'utilisateur tire la poignée 1 vers le haut, plus le ressort 16 s'allonge d'une valeur importante, ce qui nécessite par conséquent un déplacement d'autant plus important de la partie mobile pour que l'organe mobile 10 se décolle de l'organe fixe de serrage 11.Indeed, the more the user pulls the handle 1 upwards, the longer the spring 16 extends a significant value, which therefore requires a displacement all the more important of the moving part for the movable member 10 is detached from the fixed clamping member 11.

Cette poignée a avantageusement de plus faibles dimensions que les poignées classiques, car les efforts appliqués par l'utilisateur sont bien inférieurs à ceux appliqués sur les poignées classiques, non assistées. La poignée peut par exemple être prévue pour être manoeuvrable par un doigt et non pas par la main complète.This handle advantageously has smaller dimensions than conventional handles, because the forces applied by the user are much lower than those applied to conventional handles, unassisted. The handle may for example be designed to be operable by a finger and not by the full hand.

L'utilisateur peut ainsi enfoncer le bouton poussoir 21, tirer sur la poignée 1 avec une intensité plus ou moins importante qui correspond à l'effort de serrage souhaité, et relâcher le bouton poussoir 21 pour immobiliser la poignée 1 dans la position souhaitée.The user can thus push the push button 21, pull the handle 1 with a greater or lesser intensity which corresponds to the desired clamping force, and release the push button 21 to immobilize the handle 1 in the desired position.

L'actionneur peut ainsi agir avec un certain retard : le conducteur applique sa consigne, puis le motoréducteur amène l'effort correspondant en quelques secondes (de l'ordre de 2 secondes). Ceci permet de dimensionner l'actionneur avec un moteur relativement lent, de manière à réduire le coût de fabrication de l'ensemble du dispositif.The actuator can thus act with a certain delay: the driver applies his instruction, then the gearmotor brings the corresponding effort in a few seconds (of the order of 2 seconds). This makes it possible to size the actuator with a relatively slow motor, so as to reduce the manufacturing cost of the entire device.

Le dispositif de la figure 1 est représenté sous forme de schéma bloc dans la figure 2 pour illustrer les relations fonctionnelles entre les différents éléments du dispositif selon l'invention.The device of Figure 1 is shown in block diagram form in Figure 2 to illustrate the functional relationship between the various elements of the device according to the invention.

Ainsi, lorsque la poignée 1 est déplacée par l'utilisateur, elle agit sur le ressort 16 pour fermer l'interrupteur de serrage ou de desserrage, ce qui sollicite le moteur 4 pour le faire tourner dans un sens de serrage ou de desserrage de manière à générer ou relâcher un effort de freinage F dans les freins du véhicule.Thus, when the handle 1 is moved by the user, it acts on the spring 16 to close the clamping or loosening switch, which causes the motor 4 to rotate in a direction of tightening or loosening so generating or releasing a braking force F in the brakes of the vehicle.

Dans le mode de réalisation ci-dessus, la partie mobile de l'actionneur est constituée par le curseur de sorte que l'effort de retour est proportionnel à la position du curseur le long de la vis sans fin. Mais cette position peut varier pour un même effort de serrage par exemple du fait de l'usure des garnitures de frein, ou de la dilatation des disques de freins sous l'effet de variations de température.In the above embodiment, the movable portion of the actuator is constituted by the slider so that the return force is proportional to the position of the slider along the worm. But this position may vary for the same clamping force for example because of the wear of the brake linings, or the expansion of the brake discs under the effect of temperature changes.

La mise en oeuvre d'un ressort de serrage, telle que décrite ci-dessous, permet de s'affranchir de ces variations, ce ressort de serrage constituant une réserve élastique dans le système. Ce ressort de serrage est repéré par 24 sur la figure 1.The implementation of a clamping spring, as described below, makes it possible to overcome these variations, this clamping spring constituting an elastic reserve in the system. This clamping spring is indicated by 24 in FIG.

Dans ce cas, la partie mobile de l'actionneur, à laquelle est reliée la poignée, est alors formée par une butée à bille 23 située à l'une des extrémités d'un ressort de serrage 24. Le corps du moteur 4 est monté fixe par rapport au véhicule, mais le moteur 4 a son arbre de sortie qui est lié à la vis sans fin 6 par une liaison glissière 25 grâce à laquelle la vis sans fin est solidaire en rotation de cet arbre de sortie tout en pouvant se déplacer longitudinalement par rapport à celui-ci.In this case, the movable part of the actuator, to which the handle is connected, is then formed by a ball stop 23 located at one end of a clamping spring 24. The body of the motor 4 is mounted fixed relative to the vehicle, but the motor 4 has its output shaft which is connected to the worm 6 by a slide connection 25 through which the worm is rotatably connected to the output shaft while being able to move longitudinally with respect thereto.

L'autre extrémité de la vis sans fin 6 est en appui contre le ressort de serrage 24 par l'intermédiaire de la butée à billes 23, de telle sorte que la vis sans fin 6 peut tourner par rapport au ressort de serrage tout en ayant son extrémité en appui contre celui-ci.The other end of the worm 6 is in abutment against the clamping spring 24 via the thrust bearing 23, so that the worm 6 can rotate relative to the clamping spring while having its end in support against it.

Le palonnier 8 auquel sont liés les câbles de serrage est fixé au curseur 7 par rapport auquel il peut pivoter pour équilibrer les efforts dans les câbles de serrage.The rudder 8 to which the clamping cables are connected is fixed to the slider 7 with respect to which it can pivot to balance the forces in the clamping ropes.

Lorsque l'actionneur 3 est sollicité pour serrer le frein secondaire, la vis sans fin 6 est entraînée en rotation et avance par rapport au curseur 7, grâce à la liaison glissière, de telle sorte qu'elle comprime le ressort de serrage 24 pour exercer un effort de freinage sur les câbles de freins.When the actuator 3 is biased to tighten the secondary brake, the worm 6 is rotated and advances relative to the slider 7, thanks to the slide connection, so that it compresses the clamping spring 24 to exert braking force on the brake cables.

Le second câble 15 a une extrémité rigidement fixée à une partie non rotative de la butée à bille 23, dans une direction telle que la compression du ressort de serrage 24 tire sur ce second câble 15, tendant à allonger le ressort de retour d'effort 16.The second cable 15 has one end rigidly attached to a non-rotating portion of the ball stop 23, in a direction such that the compression of the clamping spring 24 pulls on the second cable 15, tending to lengthen the force return spring. 16.

Lorsque l'actionneur 3 est sollicité pour serrer le frein, c'est principalement la vis sans fin 6 et la butée à billes 23 qui se déplace en comprimant le ressort de serrage 24 pour exercer sur les câbles de freins un effort par l'intermédiaire du curseur 7 et du palonnier 8.When the actuator 3 is biased to tighten the brake, it is mainly the worm 6 and the thrust bearing 23 which moves by compressing the clamping spring 24 to exert on the brake cables a force via slider 7 and rudder 8.

Par conséquent, le retour d'effort est ici proportionnel à la compression du ressort de serrage 24, c'est-à-dire qu'il est proportionnel à l'effort que l'actionneur 3 applique réellement aux câbles de freins, et non pas à un déplacement des câbles de freinage.Therefore, the force return here is proportional to the compression of the clamping spring 24, that is to say that it is proportional to the force that the actuator 3 actually applies to the brake cables, and not not to a displacement of the braking cables.

La mise en oeuvre du ressort de serrage 24 dans l'actionneur permet aussi d'obtenir un déplacement plus important du curseur 7 par rapport à la vis sans fin 6 pendant le serrage du frein, de telle sorte que le moteur 4 doit produire l'ensemble de l'effort de serrage sur une plage de rotation plus étendue.The implementation of the clamping spring 24 in the actuator also makes it possible to obtain a greater displacement of the slider 7 relative to the worm 6 during the clamping of the brake, so that the motor 4 must produce the set of the clamping force over a wider range of rotation.

Un exemple de circuit électrique pouvant être mis en oeuvre pour piloter l'actionneur est représenté sur la figure 3. Ce circuit est situé entre une masse 0V et une alimentation positive référencée par 12V sur la figure. Dans ce circuit, le moteur électrique 4 est représenté avec deux bornes 27 et 28 qui sont reliées respectivement à deux interrupteurs 29 et 30.An example of an electrical circuit that can be used to drive the actuator is shown in FIG. 3. This circuit is located between a ground 0V and a positive supply referenced by 12V in the figure. In this circuit, the electric motor 4 is shown with two terminals 27 and 28 which are respectively connected to two switches 29 and 30.

Ces deux interrupteurs 29 et 30 sont actionnés respectivement par les interrupteurs de desserrage et de serrage 11' et 12' mentionnés plus haut, par l'intermédiaire, respectivement de deux relais 31 et 32. Par défaut, c'est à dire lorsque l'organe mobile 10 n'est en contact ni avec l'organe fixe de serrage 11 ni avec l'organe fixe de desserrage 12, les interrupteurs 29 et 30 sont tous deux reliés à l'alimentation 12V de sorte que le moteur 4 n'est pas alimenté électriquement.These two switches 29 and 30 are respectively actuated by the loosening and clamping switches 11 'and 12' mentioned above, via respectively two relays 31 and 32. By default, that is to say when the movable member 10 is in contact neither with the fixed clamping member 11 nor with the fixed release member 12, the switches 29 and 30 are both connected to the 12V supply so that the motor 4 is not not electrically powered.

Lorsque l'organe mobile 10 est en appui contre l'organe fixe 11 c'est-à-dire lorsque l'interrupteur 11' est fermé, le relais 32 actionne l'interrupteur 30 pour qu'il se mette en contact avec la masse 0V, de sorte que les deux bornes 27 et 28 du moteur sont alimentées respectivement par la masse 0V et par l'alimentation 12V, ce qui fait tourner le moteur dans un premier sens de rotation.When the movable member 10 bears against the fixed member 11, that is to say when the switch 11 'is closed, the relay 32 actuates the switch 30 so that it comes into contact with the earth 0V, so that the two terminals 27 and 28 of the motor are respectively powered by the ground 0V and the 12V supply, which rotates the motor in a first direction of rotation.

De manière analogue, lorsque l'interrupteur 12' est fermé, le relais 31 actionne l'interrupteur 29, et les bornes du moteur sont alimentées de façon inverse, de sorte que le moteur 4 tourne dans un sens opposé au sens ci-dessus.Similarly, when the switch 12 'is closed, the relay 31 actuates the switch 29, and the Motor terminals are fed in reverse, so that the motor 4 rotates in a direction opposite to the above direction.

Ce circuit électrique comprend aussi un fusible FU placé entre les interrupteurs 29 et 30 et la masse 0V, ce fusible étant destiné à intervenir par exemple en cas de court-circuit dans le moteur 4.This electric circuit also comprises a fuse FU placed between the switches 29 and 30 and the ground 0V, this fuse being intended to intervene for example in the event of a short circuit in the motor 4.

Le circuit comprend encore deux interrupteurs dits de fin de course 33 et 34 qui sont actionnés mécaniquement par le curseur 7 pour s'ouvrir lorsque celui-ci atteint sa course maximale quand il se rapproche du moteur 4 ou sa course maximale quand il s'éloigne de ce moteur. Ces interrupteurs de fin de course qui sont reliés respectivement aux relais 31 et 32 s'ouvrent lorsque la fin de course est atteinte afin de couper l'alimentation du moteur 4 pour éviter qu'il ne se détériore.The circuit further comprises two so-called limit switches 33 and 34 which are mechanically actuated by the slider 7 to open when it reaches its maximum stroke when it approaches the motor 4 or its maximum stroke when it moves away. of this engine. These limit switches which are respectively connected to the relays 31 and 32 open when the limit switch is reached in order to cut off the power supply of the motor 4 to prevent it from deteriorating.

Le circuit de la figure 3 est également équipé d'un voyant repéré par V, qui est relié à l'interrupteur de fin de course de desserrage de manière à s'illuminer lorsque cet interrupteur est fermé, c'est à dire lorsque les freins ne sont pas totalement desserrés.The circuit of Figure 3 is also equipped with a light marked V, which is connected to the release limit switch so as to illuminate when the switch is closed, that is when the brakes are not completely loose.

L'interrupteur de fin de course de desserrage 34 peut également être constitué par un capteur d'effort intégré au ressort de serrage 24, ce qui est repéré par C dans la figure 2.The loosening limit switch 34 may also consist of a force sensor integrated in the clamping spring 24, which is indicated by C in FIG. 2.

Avantageusement, l'ensemble des fonctions électriques apparaissant dans le circuit de la figure 3 est intégré à l'actionneur, les différents interrupteurs étant notamment montés dans un boîtier de cet actionneur, par exemple selon la disposition présentée sur les figures 4 et 5.Advantageously, all the electrical functions appearing in the circuit of FIG. 3 are integrated with the actuator, the various switches being in particular mounted in a housing of this actuator, for example according to the arrangement shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

Afin d'éviter qu'une rupture du câble 14 ou du câble 15 ne provoque le desserrage brutal et imprévu du frein à main, il convient de prévoir un système électrique additionnel qui interdit le desserrage du frein lorsque le contact du véhicule est coupé.In order to prevent a breaking of the cable 14 or of the cable 15 causing the sudden and unforeseen loosening of the handbrake, it is necessary to provide an additional electrical system which prevents the release of the brake when the ignition of the vehicle is cut off.

Les figures 4 et 5 montrent de façon plus détaillée une architecture d'un actionneur électrique selon l'invention qui comprend un boîtier 36 dans lequel sont regroupés la majorité des éléments constitutifs de la commande de frein secondaire selon l'invention.Figures 4 and 5 show in greater detail an architecture of an electric actuator according to the invention which comprises a housing 36 in which are grouped the majority of the constituent elements of the secondary brake control according to the invention.

Ce boîtier comprend le moteur 4 qui est associé à un réducteur mécanique 37 comprenant un arbre de sortie relié à la vis sans fin 6 par la liaison glissière 25. La vis sans fin 6 a son autre extrémité en appui sur un ressort de serrage 24 qui est ici formé par plusieurs rondelles "Belleville", par l'intermédiaire de la butée à bille 23, ce ressort de serrage est placé du côté intérieur du boîtier 36. Dans cet agencement, l'ensemble du boîtier 36 est monté fixe par rapport au véhicule, et la partie mobile de l'actionneur est constituée par la butée à bille 23.This housing comprises the motor 4 which is associated with a mechanical gearbox 37 comprising an output shaft connected to the worm 6 by the sliding connection 25. The worm 6 has its other end bearing on a clamping spring 24 which here is formed by several washers "Belleville", through the thrust ball bearing 23, this clamping spring is placed on the inner side of the housing 36. In this arrangement, the entire housing 36 is mounted fixed relative to the vehicle, and the moving part of the actuator is constituted by the thrust bearing 23.

Le ressort de retour d'effort 16 est monté à l'intérieur du boîtier 36 en ayant une extrémité fixée à une extrémité d'une tige de retour d'effort 39 qui est apte à se déplacer longitudinalement par rapport au boîtier. L'autre extrémité de la tige de retour d'effort 39 est fixée à une attache 38 qui est solidaire de la partie de la butée à bille 23 en appui contre le ressort de serrage 24. L'autre extrémité du ressort de retour d'effort 16 est fixée à l'une des extrémités du câble de retour d'effort 14 qui traverse la paroi du boîtier 36, et qui rejoint la poulie 2.The force return spring 16 is mounted inside the housing 36 having an end attached to one end of a force return rod 39 which is adapted to move longitudinally relative to the housing. The other end of the force return rod 39 is attached to a fastener 38 which is integral with the portion of the thrust bearing 23 bearing against the clamping spring 24. The other end of the return spring of 16 is attached to one end of the force return cable 14 which passes through the wall of the housing 36, and which joins the pulley 2.

Dans cet exemple, la chaîne de transmission de mouvement est donc formée principalement par le ressort de retour d'effort 16, par la tige de retour d'effort 39 qui sont situés à l'intérieur du boîtier 36, et par le câble de retour d'effort 14 qui sort de ce boîtier 36.In this example, the motion transmission chain is therefore formed mainly by the force return spring 16, by the force return rod 39 which are located inside the housing 36, and by the return cable. of effort 14 coming out of this housing 36.

Comme représenté sur les figures 4 et 5, le boîtier 36 comprend également l'interrupteur de fin de course de serrage 33 et l'interrupteur de fin de course de desserrage 34 qui sont tous deux actionnés par le curseur 7.As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the housing 36 also comprises the clamping limit switch 33 and the loosening limit switch 34 which are both actuated by the slider 7.

Mais les interrupteurs 11' et 12', destinés à commander le desserrage et le serrage sont également situés à l'intérieur du boîtier 36, en étant actionnés par l'intermédiaire d'un ergot 40 qui est solidaire du ressort de retour d'effort 16.But the switches 11 'and 12', intended to control the loosening and the clamping, are also located inside the casing 36, being actuated by means of a lug 40 which is integral with the force return spring. 16.

Lorsque l'utilisateur tire sur la poignée 1 pour commander le serrage du frein, le câble de retour d'effort 14 tire le ressort de retour d'effort 16 vers la droite sur ces figures, ce qui a pour effet d'activer l'interrupteur 11' pour déclencher le serrage du frein. De manière analogue, lorsque l'utilisateur enfonce la poignée 1, la tige de retour d'effort 39 est déplacée vers la gauche sur ces figures, de sorte que l'ergot 40 active alors l'interrupteur 12' qui commande le desserrage du frein.When the user pulls the handle 1 to control the tightening of the brake, the force return cable 14 pulls the force return spring 16 to the right in these figures, which has the effect of activating the switch 11 'to trigger the brake application. Similarly, when the user depresses the handle 1, the force return rod 39 is displaced to the left in these figures, so that the lug 40 then activates the switch 12 'which controls the release of the brake .

L'actionneur représenté sur les figures 4 et 5 peut ainsi être monté directement sur le plancher du véhicule en lieu et place de la poignée de frein classique, ce qui permet notamment d'éviter de rendre cet actionneur étanche.The actuator shown in Figures 4 and 5 can thus be mounted directly on the vehicle floor instead of the conventional brake handle, which in particular avoids making this actuator tight.

L'invention qui a été décrite ci-dessus dans le cadre d'un frein secondaire électrique trouve des applications dans d'autres domaines nécessitant de façon générale la mise en oeuvre d'une commande du type à retour d'effort.The invention which has been described above in the context of an electric secondary brake finds applications in other fields generally requiring the implementation of a control of the force feedback type.

Claims (9)

Frein secondaire électrique de véhicule automobile, comprenant un actionneur électrique (3) incluant une partie mobile (23) que cet actionneur déplace selon une direction dite de serrage lorsqu'il est sollicité pour serrer le frein, une poignée (1) pouvant être déplacée par un utilisateur pour serrer le frein, et un interrupteur de serrage (11') incluant un organe fixe de serrage (11) et un organe mobile (10) qui ferme l'interrupteur lorsqu'il est en appui sur l'organe fixe, l'actionneur (3) étant sollicité lorsque l'interrupteur de serrage (11) est fermé, caractérisé en ce que la poignée (1) est liée en mouvement à une partie mobile (23) de l'actionneur par l'intermédiaire d'un élément élastique (16) s'étendant entre deux extrémités (16A, 16B), et en ce que l'organe mobile (10) est fixé à cet élément élastique (16) dans une région située entre ses deux extrémités (16A, 16B).Motor vehicle electric secondary brake, comprising an electric actuator (3) including a movable part (23) that this actuator moves in a so-called clamping direction when it is urged to tighten the brake, a handle (1) being displaceable by a user to apply the brake, and a clamping switch (11 ') including a fixed clamping member (11) and a movable member (10) which closes the switch when it bears against the fixed member, actuator (3) being biased when the clamping switch (11) is closed, characterized in that the handle (1) is linked in motion to a movable part (23) of the actuator via a elastic member (16) extending between two ends (16A, 16B), and in that the movable member (10) is attached to said elastic member (16) in a region between its two ends (16A, 16B) . Frein selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément élastique est formé par un ressort hélicoïdal (16), et dans lequel l'organe mobile (10) est fixé à une région centrale de ce ressort hélicoïdal (16).The brake of claim 1, wherein the resilient member is formed by a coil spring (16), and wherein the movable member (10) is attached to a central region of said coil spring (16). Frein selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'élément élastique comprend deux ressorts reliés l'un à l'autre par un élément intermédiaire tel qu'un câble, et dans lequel l'organe mobile (10) est solidaire de cet élément intermédiaire.Brake according to claim 1, wherein the elastic element comprises two springs connected to each other by an intermediate element such as a cable, and wherein the movable member (10) is integral with this intermediate element. Frein selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la partie mobile (23) peut être déplacée par l'actionneur (3) selon une autre direction, dite direction de desserrage lorsque cet actionneur (3) est sollicité pour desserrer le frein, dans lequel la poignée (1) peut être déplacée pour desserrer le frein, et dans lequel l'interrupteur comprend un autre organe fixe, dit organe fixe de desserrage (12), disposé de façon opposée à l'organe fixe de serrage (11) par rapport à l'organe mobile (10).Brake according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the movable part (23) can be moved by the actuator (3) in another direction, said direction of loosening when the actuator (3) is biased to release the brake, in which the handle (1) can be moved to release the brake, and wherein the switch comprises another fixed member, said fixed loosening member (12), disposed of opposite to the fixed clamping member (11) relative to the movable member (10). Frein selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la poignée (1) comprend un dispositif à cliquet et crémaillère permettant d'immobiliser cette poignée (1) dans une position de serrage parmi plusieurs positions de serrage possibles.Brake according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the handle (1) comprises a ratchet and rack device for immobilizing the handle (1) in a clamping position among several possible clamping positions. Frein selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'actionneur (3) comprend un boîtier (36) dans lequel sont montés un moteur (4) et une vis sans fin (6) qui a une extrémité liée en rotation à ce moteur (4), par une liaison glissière (25) de sorte que cette vis sans fin (6) peut se déplacer longitudinalement par rapport au boîtier (36) tout en étant entraînée en rotation par le moteur (4), cette vis sans fin (6) ayant son autre extrémité solidaire d'une butée à billes (23) qui est appui sur une partie fixe par l'intermédiaire d'un ressort de serrage (24), un curseur (7) lié en mouvement à la vis sans fin (6) par une liaison hélicoïdale, et dans lequel la partie mobile de l'actionneur (3) est constituée par la butée à bille (23).Brake according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuator (3) comprises a housing (36) in which are mounted a motor (4) and a worm (6) which has an end rotatably connected to this motor (4), by a sliding connection (25) so that this worm (6) can move longitudinally relative to the housing (36) while being rotated by the motor (4), this worm ( 6) having its other end integral with a thrust bearing (23) which is supported on a fixed part by means of a clamping spring (24), a slider (7) linked in motion to the worm (6) by a helical connection, and wherein the movable portion of the actuator (3) is constituted by the ball stop (23). Frein selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'actionneur (3) est équipé de deux interrupteurs de fin de course (33, 34) aptes à couper l'alimentation électrique du moteur (4) lorsque le curseur (7) est en fin de course de serrage ou en fin de course de desserrage.Brake according to claim 4, wherein the actuator (3) is equipped with two limit switches (33, 34) able to cut off the power supply to the motor (4) when the slider (7) is at the end of tightening stroke or end of loosening stroke. Frein selon la revendication 7, dans lequel l'actionneur (3) est monté dans un boîtier (36), et dans lequel l'élément élastique (16) ainsi que les organes fixes et mobile (10, 11, 12) et les interrupteurs de fin de course (33, 34) sont montés dans ce boîtier (36).Brake according to claim 7, wherein the actuator (3) is mounted in a housing (36), and wherein the elastic element (16) as well as the fixed and movable members (10, 11, 12) and the switches limit switches (33, 34) are mounted in this housing (36). Frein selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le ressort de serrage (24) constitue une réserve élastique d'effort de serrage.Brake according to claim 6, wherein the clamping spring (24) constitutes an elastic reserve of clamping force.
EP05292340A 2004-11-08 2005-11-04 Vehicle parking brake actuator with electric force feedback Not-in-force EP1655190B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0411867A FR2877628B1 (en) 2004-11-08 2004-11-08 AUTOMOBILE ELECTRIC SECONDARY BRAKE EFFORT RETURN CONTROL.

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EP1655190A1 true EP1655190A1 (en) 2006-05-10
EP1655190B1 EP1655190B1 (en) 2009-04-29

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EP (1) EP1655190B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE430074T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005014183D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2877628B1 (en)

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EP1676501A2 (en) 2005-01-04 2006-07-05 Philippe Rothschild Increase of the amplitude and of the stability during lengthening of a telescopic device of an extensible support and also the maximisation of the number of bearings
WO2007088105A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for operating a brake
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CN106891871A (en) * 2017-03-10 2017-06-27 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Combination parking handle

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FR2899858B1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2009-01-16 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa MAN INTERFACE MACHINE FOR SECONDARY ELECTRICAL BRAKE

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WO2004020265A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-11 Ventra Group Inc. Cable tension sensing device
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1676501A2 (en) 2005-01-04 2006-07-05 Philippe Rothschild Increase of the amplitude and of the stability during lengthening of a telescopic device of an extensible support and also the maximisation of the number of bearings
WO2007088105A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for operating a brake
WO2007102124A2 (en) 2006-03-06 2007-09-13 Philippe Rothschild Cylindrical telescopic device lockable at multiple levels
WO2007147694A1 (en) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Automatic parking brake comprising a mechanical impulse generator
DE102013014571A1 (en) 2013-09-02 2015-03-05 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) Handbrake device for a vehicle
US9308898B2 (en) 2013-09-02 2016-04-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Hand brake device for a vehicle
CN106891871A (en) * 2017-03-10 2017-06-27 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Combination parking handle
CN106891871B (en) * 2017-03-10 2019-04-16 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Combine parking handle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2877628A1 (en) 2006-05-12
ATE430074T1 (en) 2009-05-15
FR2877628B1 (en) 2007-04-27
DE602005014183D1 (en) 2009-06-10
EP1655190B1 (en) 2009-04-29

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