EP1629209A1 - Hydraulic control arrangement - Google Patents

Hydraulic control arrangement

Info

Publication number
EP1629209A1
EP1629209A1 EP04735220A EP04735220A EP1629209A1 EP 1629209 A1 EP1629209 A1 EP 1629209A1 EP 04735220 A EP04735220 A EP 04735220A EP 04735220 A EP04735220 A EP 04735220A EP 1629209 A1 EP1629209 A1 EP 1629209A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
chamber
pressure compensator
damping
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04735220A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1629209B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Kauss
Didier Desseux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bosch Rexroth AG
Original Assignee
Bosch Rexroth AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bosch Rexroth AG filed Critical Bosch Rexroth AG
Publication of EP1629209A1 publication Critical patent/EP1629209A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1629209B1 publication Critical patent/EP1629209B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F15B13/0407Means for damping the valve member movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/01Locking-valves or other detent i.e. load-holding devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0416Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor with means or adapted for load sensing
    • F15B13/0417Load sensing elements; Internal fluid connections therefor; Anti-saturation or pressure-compensation valves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7781With separate connected fluid reactor surface
    • Y10T137/7782With manual or external control for line valve
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/785With retarder or dashpot
    • Y10T137/7851End of valve forms dashpot chamber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/785With retarder or dashpot
    • Y10T137/7852End of valve moves inside dashpot chamber
    • Y10T137/7853Enlarged piston on end of valve stem
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/86493Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86574Supply and exhaust
    • Y10T137/8667Reciprocating valve
    • Y10T137/86694Piston valve
    • Y10T137/8671With annular passage [e.g., spool]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/87265Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
    • Y10T137/87555Having direct response valve [e.g., check valve, etc.]
    • Y10T137/87563With reverse flow direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic control arrangement for load-independent control of a consumer according to the preamble of claim 1 and a pressure compensator for such a control arrangement.
  • the system's individual pressure compensators ensure that in the event that a hydraulic pump of the system has been adjusted to the maximum stroke volume and the pressure medium flow is insufficient, the predetermined pressure drop exceeds to maintain the metering orifices of the valve arrangements assigned to each consumer, the pressure compensators of all actuated hydraulic consumers are adjusted in the closing direction, so that all pressure medium flows are reduced by the same percentage. Due to this flow pressure-independent flow distribution (LUDV), all actuated consumers move at a speed that is reduced by the same percentage. LUDV hydraulic systems of this type are used to an ever increasing extent in mobile work devices with combined movements.
  • LUDV flow pressure-independent flow distribution
  • Damping is known for example from US 6,532,989 B1.
  • the pressure compensator has a rear pressure chamber and an annular damping chamber, both of which can be acted upon by a pressure acting on a pressure compensator piston in the closing direction, while the pressure applied downstream of the measuring orifice, as a rule the load pressure of the controlled one, is applied to a front end face of the pressure compensator piston Consumer, acts in the opening direction.
  • a damping nozzle is provided between the rear pressure chamber and the damping chamber, through which the pressure medium must flow out of or into the damping chamber during the axial displacement of the pressure compensator piston, so that the pressure compensator piston movement is damped.
  • Such damping inevitably leads to delays in opening and closing the pressure compensator with the consequence of a delayed start of movement of work movements with high load.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a control arrangement and a suitable LUDV pressure compensator, in which the delay in the work movement of a consumer is minimized despite damping the pressure compensator.
  • This object is achieved with regard to the hydraulic control arrangement by the features of claim 1 and with regard to the pressure compensator by the features of the independent claim 12.
  • a connecting recess with a larger cross section is provided, via which the damping chamber is connected to a rear pressure chamber, which can be shut off by a check valve opening in the direction of the damping chamber.
  • the pressure compensator piston is designed as a stepped hollow piston, as described in US Pat. No. 6,532,989 B1.
  • This hollow piston is guided on an axial inner part which is provided with a blind hole which opens into the rear pressure chamber.
  • An inner ring end face formed by the stepped part of the pressure compensator piston delimits the damping space with a correspondingly designed section of the inner part.
  • the foot-side ring end face of the step piston is acted upon by the pressure downstream of the measuring orifice in the opening direction of the pressure compensator.
  • a rear control chamber of the pressure compensators is connected to the load signaling line, in which the highest load pressure of all controlled consumers, which is tapped via a shuttle valve chain, is present.
  • the load pressure of an actuated hydraulic consumer quickly rises above the currently prevailing highest load pressure, the pressure at the front of the pressure compensator piston of the associated pressure compensator increases immediately, while a corresponding pressure increase in the rear control chamber takes place with a delay via the shuttle valve chain and the load signaling line.
  • the resulting short-term force imbalance on the control piston of the pressure compensator can have a negative effect on the control of the hydraulic consumer.
  • the hydraulic consumer can sag briefly or the load-independent flow distribution can be disrupted.
  • additional load holding valves are connected in the pressure medium flow path between the consumer and the pressure compensator in the aforementioned solutions, so that the outflow of the pressure medium from the consumer can be prevented via the pressure compensator.
  • additional load holding valves make the control arrangement more expensive and require a considerable amount of space.
  • DE 40 05 966 C2 proposes a solution in which a shuttle valve is integrated in the pressure compensator piston, by means of which the pressure downstream of the metering orifice and in the load signaling channel is compared and reported to the rear control chamber.
  • Pressure compensator piston in the load holding function in the closing direction.
  • the damping chamber is connected via the damping nozzle to the channel carrying the individual load pressure, so that in the event that the pressure at the inlet of the pressure compensator drops below this load pressure, the pressure compensator piston moves via the pressure sensor Damping space adjacent individual load pressure is brought into its closed position, so that the pressure compensator takes over the load holding function.
  • the construction according to the invention is characterized by an extremely compact and simple construction.
  • the damping nozzle can also connect the damping chamber to the rear pressure chamber, although the load holding function is dispensed with.
  • a transverse bore opening into the blind hole is provided, which is fully opened in the open position of the pressure compensator piston, so that the pressure is tapped downstream of the measuring orifice and is led into the rear pressure chamber.
  • a bore or a recess is formed on the smaller diameter of the pressure compensator piston, which can be positioned with respect to the transverse bore in such a way that the pressure downstream of the measuring orifice is reported into the blind hole.
  • this connection between the channel downstream of the metering orifice and the rear pressure chamber is always open.
  • this connection is opened only during the initial stroke (seen from the closed position) of the pressure compensator and when the pressure compensator is fully open, while in the area in between this connection is closed, so that the rear pressure chamber is then subjected to the highest effective load pressure , while at the start of opening the pressure compensator with the pressure downstream of the
  • Orifice plate - i.e. about the pump pressure - is applied.
  • the check valve according to the invention can be formed by a simple O-ring on the
  • Inner part is put on or by one into one Prestressed locking disc in the closed position.
  • conventional check valves with spring-loaded closing bodies can also be used.
  • the pressure compensator piston can be preloaded in the closed position by a comparatively weak control spring.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a valve disc with a half-sided damped LUDV pressure compensator
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged illustration of an LUDV pressure compensator according to FIG. 1;
  • FIGS 3 and 4 embodiments of the half-sided damped pressure compensator from Figure 1;
  • FIG. 5 shows an LUDV pressure compensator with an integrated load holding function
  • Figure 8 shows another embodiment of an LUDV pressure compensator with load holding function.
  • Figure 1 shows a section through a valve disc
  • control block of a mobile working device for example a mini or compact excavator
  • Valve disc 1 includes a proportionally adjustable directional valve 4 and an LUDV pressure compensator 2, via which the pressure medium flow between a consumer of the mobile working device connected to work connections A, B and a pressure connection and a tank connection (both not shown) can be controlled.
  • the directional control valve 4 has a speed part 6 determining the pressure medium volume flow to the consumer and two directional parts 8, 10, via which the direction of flow of the pressure medium to and from the consumer is controlled.
  • the directional control valve 4 has a valve spool 12, which is shown in FIG.
  • Valve disc 1 led out operating section 16 which is hinged to an actuating lever or the like in the driver's cabin.
  • the valve slide 12 is guided in a valve bore 18, which in the radial direction leads to a pressure chamber 20, an inlet chamber 22, two discharge chambers 24, 25 arranged approximately symmetrically to the pressure chamber 20, two working chambers 26, 28 arranged on both sides thereof, and to two adjacent tank chambers 30, 32 is expanded.
  • the valve slide 12 has a central measuring orifice collar 34 which, together with the remaining ring web between the pressure chamber 20 and the inlet chamber 22, determines a measuring orifice forming the speed part 6.
  • Two control collars 36, 38 and two tank collars 40, 42 of the directional parts 8, 10 are arranged on the valve slide 12 on both sides of this orifice collar 34.
  • the pressure chamber 20 is connected to the pressure port P and the two tank chambers 30, 32 are connected to the tank port T.
  • the inlet chamber 22 is via a Inlet channel 44 connected to the inlet of the pressure compensator 2. Its outlet is connected to the outlet chamber 24 and 25 via two outlet channels 46, 48.
  • the two working chambers 26, 28 are connected to the working connection A and B via working channels 50 and 52, respectively.
  • the structure of the pressure compensator 2 is explained on the basis of the enlarged illustration in FIG. 2.
  • the pressure compensator 2 is shown in the fully open operating position, in which the inlet channel 44 is completely opened to the outlet channel 46.
  • the pressure compensator 2 has a pressure compensator piston 56 which is guided in a pressure compensator bore 54 and is designed as a hollow stepped piston and is guided on a correspondingly graduated fixed inner part 58. This is fixed in the axial direction by a shoulder 60 of the housing part and a screw plug 62 screwed into the pressure compensator bore 54.
  • a shoulder 60 of the housing part and a screw plug 62 screwed into the pressure compensator bore 54.
  • the inner part 58 is biased axially in the direction of the shoulder 60 by means of a spring 64.
  • This spring 64 cannot be seen in the partially sectioned illustration in FIG. 2.
  • the inner part 58 also has a blind hole 66, which is closed towards the shoulder 60 and which opens into a rear spring chamber 68, which is connected via radial bores 70 to a rear pressure chamber 72, into which the pressure compensator piston end section with the larger diameter with its rear ring end face dips.
  • This pressure chamber 72 is acted upon by an LS channel 74 with the greatest load pressure of all consumers connected to the control block.
  • An inner ring end face 76 delimits a damping space 80 with an annular end face 78 of the inner part in the axial direction, which is connected to the blind bore 66 via a damping nozzle 82 passing through a circumferential wall of the inner part 58 in the radial direction (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing).
  • a damping nozzle 82 Parallel to this damping nozzle 82, which has a comparatively small diameter, a plurality of radially extending connecting recesses 84 are also formed in the inner part 58, which also extend between the blind hole 66 and the damping space 80.
  • connection recesses 84 on the damping chamber side is closed by an elastic O-ring 86, which acts as a check valve, which prevents a pressure medium flow from the damping chamber 80 through the connection recesses 84 into the blind hole 66 and allows it in the opposite direction.
  • an annular groove 88 is formed, into which a load-reporting diaphragm 90 opens, via which the inlet of the pressure compensator 2 is connected to the blind hole 66.
  • This load-sensing orifice 90 is opened when the pressure compensator 2 is fully open, so that the pressure at the inlet of the pressure compensator, i.e. the individual load pressure also acts in the rear pressure chamber 72 and is reported in the LS channel 74.
  • the load-sensing diaphragm 90 is closed in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • the measuring orifice In the basic position of the valve slide shown in FIG. 1, the measuring orifice is closed and the two working connections A, B are blocked off from the tank channel T. The pressure compensator is closed and thus the connection between the channels 46, 48 and 44 is blocked.
  • the valve slide 12 When the valve slide 12 is axially displaced, for example to the right in FIG. 1, the control notches formed on the orifice collar 34 result in a notch Measuring aperture opening opened, via which the pressure chamber 20 is connected to the inlet chamber 22. At the beginning of this opening movement, the pressure in the inlet chamber 44 corresponds approximately to the pump pressure.
  • This pump pressure acts on the outer ring end face 92 of the pressure compensator piston 56 in the opening direction, while the rear ring end face 94 is acted upon by the pressure in the pressure chamber 72 and thus the load pressure.
  • the pump control causes the pump pressure to rise until the load pressure, which keeps the pressure compensator closed, is reached.
  • the pressure compensator piston 56 lifts from its stop on the shoulder 60 and opens the connection from the inlet channel 44 to the working channel 46.
  • the control quantity for the LS channel connected to the pump control is taken from the consumer, which means that the connected consumer in unfavorable operating conditions can sink.
  • the pressure compensator 2 opens completely, so that the load-sensing diaphragm 90 is opened and the load pressure in the working channel 46 is accordingly led into the pressure chamber 72 and thus into the LS channel 74.
  • Connection recesses 84 can flow - the
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show two variants of a pressure compensator 2, other check valve arrangements being used instead of the O-ring 86.
  • the basic structure of the pressure compensator 2 is in each case the same as in FIG. 2, so that only the differences are dealt with below.
  • the connecting recesses 84 are not designed in the radial direction between the damping space 80 and the blind hole 66, but they are designed as a bore star that is symmetrical to the pressure compensator axis.
  • the rear pressure chamber 72 is connected directly to the damping chamber 80 via these axially extending connecting recesses 84.
  • the check valve is formed by an annular closing disk 96 which encompasses the inner part 58 and is inserted into an axial groove 98 on the lower end face of the larger end section of the inner part 58 in FIG. 3.
  • the closing disk 96 is biased in the closing direction by the force of a valve spring 100, which is supported on a spring plate 102 inserted into an annular groove in the inner part 58.
  • the strength of the valve spring 100 is selected such that a pressure medium flow from the rear pressure chamber 72 into the damping chamber 80 can take place with a comparatively small pressure loss during the closing movement of the pressure compensator piston 56, so that the damping is substantially less than during the closing movement of the pressure compensator piston, in which the pressure medium must flow through the small damping nozzle 82.
  • a single axial bore is provided in the inner part, into which a check valve 104 with a valve body 106 is inserted, which is biased against a valve seat 108.
  • the function of this check valve 104 corresponds to that of the exemplary embodiment described above, so that further explanations are unnecessary.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further variant of an LUDV pressure compensator 2 according to the invention, in which, in addition to the above-described one-sided damping, a load holding function is also integrated which prevents the
  • Load prevents so that additional load holding valves can be dispensed with.
  • a pressure compensator piston 56 is axially displaceably guided on an inner part 58.
  • the rear ring face 94 is from the pressure in the pressure chamber 72 and the outer ring face 92 from the pressure at the inlet of the pressure compensator 2, i.e. acted upon by the pressure in the inlet channel 44 (downstream of the orifice plate).
  • the damping chamber 80 is in turn formed in the interior of the pressure compensator piston 56, so that the pressure in this damping chamber 80 acts on the inner ring end face 76 in the closing direction.
  • radially extending connecting recesses 84 are formed, which are closed by an O-ring 86 on the damping space side.
  • the inner part 58 has a load-sensing diaphragm 90.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 corresponds completely to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2.
  • the main difference is that the small damping nozzle 82 is not formed in the inner part but in the jacket of the damping piston 56, so that the damping chamber 80 is connected via this damping nozzle 82 not to the blind hole 66 but to the working channels 46, 48. That The load pressure effective at the associated consumer acts in the damping chamber 80 via the damping nozzle 82.
  • Pressure compensator piston 56 with a smaller diameter
  • the damping chamber 80 also acts as a spring chamber for a spring 112 which is supported on the adjacent ring end face of the inner part 58 and which engages on the inner ring end face 76 of the pressure compensator piston 56.
  • This spring 112 also serves to compensate for the play in the axial direction and to ensure that the pressure compensator piston 56 closes quickly - in principle, the spring 112 could be dispensed with.
  • the load pressure acts on the associated consumer via the working channels 46, 48 and the small damping nozzle 82 in the damping chamber 80.
  • the O-ring 86 blocks the passage to the blind hole 66.
  • the pressure in the inlet channel 44 is effective in the blind hole 66 and in the pressure chamber connected to it via the load-sensing diaphragm 90 and the hole 110.
  • this pressure corresponds to the inlet channel 44, i.e. the pressure downstream of the metering orifice is initially essentially the pump pressure, so that pump pressure is also present in the pressure chamber 72.
  • the LS channel 74 is filled via the pump and not - as in the previously described exemplary embodiments - via the load, so that the consumer sags during activation due to the LS channel 74 being filled is prevented.
  • the pump control of the pump allows the pump pressure to rise until the load pressure, which keeps the pressure compensator closed, has been reached. Since the pump pressure acts in the LS channel 74 at the start of the control and this is reported to the pump controller, it so to speak "pulls itself up” until the force equilibrium is reached with the force acting in the closing direction, which is essentially due to the area on the inner ring face 76 acting load pressure (and the pressure in the rear pressure chamber) is determined. The pressure compensator piston 56 then begins to open the passage to the working channel 46, 48 and thus to the consumer. At the same time, the overlap of the load alarm panel 90 with the bore 110 is removed, so that the load alarm panel 90 is closed.
  • FIG. 6 This operating state is shown in FIG. 6.
  • a very low pressure medium volume flow initially flows to the consumer, i.e. the pressure drop across the orifice plate is low.
  • the pressure drop regulated by the pump control still arises almost completely above the pressure compensator, which is due to this
  • the pressure compensator piston 56 is quickly moved into its closed position by the load pressure acting on its inner ring end face 76 and acts as a load holding valve.
  • FIG. 8 shows a variant of the exemplary embodiment described in FIGS. 5 to 7, in which, on the smaller diameter of the hollow pressure compensator piston 56, there are no radial bores 110, but recesses 116 are formed in the end face formed by the annular surface 114, which recesses are formed in an annular gap
  • the load reporting line of the control block is thus supplied with pressure medium via all disks, which is tapped by the pump.
  • Preliminary tests showed that this variant influences the LUDV control characteristics, since the LS line is supplied by all active consumers.
  • a hydraulic control arrangement for load-independent control of a consumer with a continuously adjustable directional valve and a downstream pressure compensator.
  • the pressure compensator is damped on one side, so that the movement in the opening direction is damped and the movement in the closing direction is essentially undamped.
  • a control arrangement is disclosed in which a load holding function is integrated in the pressure compensator.
  • Valve disc LUDV pressure compensator Directional control valve Speed section Directional part Directional valve Valve slide Centering spring arrangement Actuating section Valve bore Pressure chamber Inlet chamber Drain chamber Drain chamber Work chamber Work chamber Tank chamber Tank chamber Measuring orifice collar Control collar Control collar Tank collar Tank collar Feed channel Drain channel Drain channel Working channel Working channel Pressure compensator bore Pressure compensator piston Inner part Shoulder Locking screw feather

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Abstract

A hydraulic control arrangement is disclosed for the load-independent control of a consumer with a continuously adjustable distribution valve having a pressure compensator down the line. According to the invention, the pressure compensator has a single-sided damping such that the movement in the opening direction is damped and the movement in the closing direction is substantially undamped. Furthermore, a control arrangement is disclosed in which a load-holding function is integrated in the pressure compensator.

Description

Beschreibung description
Hydraulische SteueranordnungHydraulic control arrangement
Die Erfindung betrifft eine hydraulische Steueranordnung zur lastunabhängigen Ansteuerung eines Verbrauchers gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 und eine Druckwaage für eine derartige Steueranordnung.The invention relates to a hydraulic control arrangement for load-independent control of a consumer according to the preamble of claim 1 and a pressure compensator for such a control arrangement.
Der Grundaufbau derartiger Steueranordnungen ist beispielsweise aus der WO 95/32364 AI bekannt. Bei einem derartigen LUDV-System ist jedem Verbraucher eine verstellbare Zumessblende mit nachgeschalteter Druckwaage zugeordnet, wobei letztere den Druckabfall über der Zumessblende konstant hält, so dass die zu dem entsprechenden hydraulischen Verbraucher fließende Druckmittelmenge vom Öffnungsquerschnitt der Zumessblende und nicht vom Lastdruck des Verbrauchers oder vom Pumpendruck abhängt. Da beispielsweise bei mobilen Arbeitsgeräten eine Vielzahl derartiger Ventilanordnungen parallel geschaltet sind, wird durch die Individualdruckwaagen des Systems erreicht, dass in dem Fall, in dem eine Hydropumpe des Systems bis zum maximalen Hubvolumen verstellt worden ist und der Druckmittelstrom nicht ausreicht, um den vorgegebenen Druckabfall über den Zumessblenden der jeweils einem Verbraucher zugeordneten Ventilanordnungen aufrecht zu erhalten, die Druckwaagen aller betätigten hydraulischen Verbraucher in Schließrichtung verstellt werden, so dass alle Druckmittelströme um den gleichen Prozentsatz verringert werden. Aufgrund dieser lastdruckunabhängigen Durchflussverteilung (LUDV) bewegen sich dann alle betätigten Verbraucher mit einer prozentual um den gleichen Wert verringerten Geschwindigkeit. Derartige LUDV-Hydrauliksysteme werden in immer größer werdenden Umfang bei mobilen Arbeitsgeräten mit kombinierten Bewegungen angewendet. Die Arbeitsbewegungen dieser mobilen Arbeitsgeräte (Mini- und Kompaktbagger, Baggerlader, Teleskoplader, Kompaktlader, etc.) sollen schwingungs- und druckfrei der Steuerung durch den Fahrer folgen. Es hat sich erwiesen, dass zur schwingungsfreien Steuerung eine Dämpfung der LUDV-Druckwaagen erforderlich ist.The basic structure of such control arrangements is known for example from WO 95/32364 AI. In such a LUDV system, an adjustable metering orifice with a downstream pressure compensator is assigned to each consumer, the latter keeping the pressure drop across the metering orifice constant, so that the amount of pressure medium flowing to the corresponding hydraulic consumer depends on the opening cross section of the metering orifice and not on the load pressure of the consumer or on the pump pressure depends. Since, for example, a large number of such valve arrangements are connected in parallel in the case of mobile work tools, the system's individual pressure compensators ensure that in the event that a hydraulic pump of the system has been adjusted to the maximum stroke volume and the pressure medium flow is insufficient, the predetermined pressure drop exceeds to maintain the metering orifices of the valve arrangements assigned to each consumer, the pressure compensators of all actuated hydraulic consumers are adjusted in the closing direction, so that all pressure medium flows are reduced by the same percentage. Due to this flow pressure-independent flow distribution (LUDV), all actuated consumers move at a speed that is reduced by the same percentage. LUDV hydraulic systems of this type are used to an ever increasing extent in mobile work devices with combined movements. The working movements of these mobile working devices (mini and compact excavators, backhoe loaders, telescopic loaders, compact loaders, etc.) should follow the control by the driver without vibration and pressure. It has been shown that damping the LUDV pressure compensators is necessary for vibration-free control.
Eine Dämpfung ist beispielsweise aus der US 6,532,989 Bl bekannt . Bei dieser bekannten Lösung hat die Druckwaage einen rückwärtigen Druckraum und einen ringförmigen Dämpfungsraum, die beide mit einem auf einen Druckwaagenkolben in Schließrichtung wirksamen Druck beaufschlagbar sind, während auf eine vordere Stirnfläche des Druckwaagenkolbens der stromabwärts der Messblende anliegende Druck, in der Regel der Lastdruck des angesteuerten Verbrauchers, in Öffnungsrichtung wirkt. Zwischen dem rückwärtigen Druckraum und dem Dämpfungsraum ist eine Dämpfungsdüse vorgesehen, durch die das Druckmittel bei der Axialverschiebung des Druckwaagenkolbens aus dem Dämpfungsraum heraus oder in diesen hineinströmen muss, so dass die Druckwaagenkolbenbewegung gedämpft ist. Eine derartige Dämpfung führt zwangsläufig zu Verzögerungen beim Öffnen und Schließen der Druckwaage mit der Folge eines verzögerten Bewegungsbeginns von Arbeitsbewegungen mit hoher Last .Damping is known for example from US 6,532,989 B1. In this known solution, the pressure compensator has a rear pressure chamber and an annular damping chamber, both of which can be acted upon by a pressure acting on a pressure compensator piston in the closing direction, while the pressure applied downstream of the measuring orifice, as a rule the load pressure of the controlled one, is applied to a front end face of the pressure compensator piston Consumer, acts in the opening direction. A damping nozzle is provided between the rear pressure chamber and the damping chamber, through which the pressure medium must flow out of or into the damping chamber during the axial displacement of the pressure compensator piston, so that the pressure compensator piston movement is damped. Such damping inevitably leads to delays in opening and closing the pressure compensator with the consequence of a delayed start of movement of work movements with high load.
Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Steueranordnung und eine dafür geeignete LUDV-Druckwaage zu schaffen, bei denen die Verzögerung der Arbeitsbewegung eines Verbrauchers trotz Dämpfung der Druckwaage minimiert ist. Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich der hydraulischen Steueranordnung durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 und hinsichtlich der Druckwaage durch die Merkmale des nebengeordneten Patentanspruches 12 gelöst .In contrast, the invention has for its object to provide a control arrangement and a suitable LUDV pressure compensator, in which the delay in the work movement of a consumer is minimized despite damping the pressure compensator. This object is achieved with regard to the hydraulic control arrangement by the features of claim 1 and with regard to the pressure compensator by the features of the independent claim 12.
Erfindungsgemäß ist das zusätzlich zu der den Dämpfungsraum mit dem Druckraum verbindenden Dämpfungsdüse eine Verbindungsausnehmung mit größerem Querschnitt vorgesehen, über die der Dämpfungsraum mit einem rückwärtigen Druckraum verbunden ist, die durch ein in Richtung zum Dämpfungsraum hin öffnendes Rückschlagventil absperrbar ist. Durch diese Maßnahme ist die Bewegung des Druckwaagenkolbens in Öffnungsrichtung in Abhängigkeit vom Blendenquerschnitt relativ stark gedämpft, während in Schließrichtung das Rückschlagventil öffnet und somit einen vergleichsweise großen Querschnitt aufsteuert - d.h. die Druckwaage ist einseitig gedämpft, so dass die Druckwaage eines Verbrauchers mit niedrigem Lastdruck beispielsweise schnell schließt und auf diese Weise den den schnellen Druckaufbau auf einen höherenAccording to the invention, in addition to the damping nozzle connecting the damping chamber to the pressure chamber, a connecting recess with a larger cross section is provided, via which the damping chamber is connected to a rear pressure chamber, which can be shut off by a check valve opening in the direction of the damping chamber. As a result of this measure, the movement of the pressure compensator piston in the opening direction as a function of the orifice cross section is damped relatively strongly, while in the closing direction the check valve opens and thus opens a comparatively large cross section - i.e. the pressure compensator is damped on one side, so that the pressure compensator of a consumer with low load pressure closes quickly, for example, and in this way the rapid pressure build-up to a higher one
Lastdruck in einer anderen Scheibe ermöglicht.Allows load pressure in another disc.
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Druckwaagenkolben als abgestufter Hohlkolben ausgeführt, wie es in der US 6,532,989 Bl beschrieben ist. Dieser Hohlkolben ist auf einem axialen Innenteil geführt, das mit einer Sacklochbohrung versehen ist, die in den rückwärtigen Druckraum mündet. Eine durch den abgestuften Teil des Druckwaagenkolbens gebildete Innenringstirnflache begrenzt mit einem entsprechend ausgebildeten Abschnitt des Innenteils den Dämpfungsraum. Die fußseitige Ringstirnfläche des Stufenkolbens ist in Öffnungsrichtung der Druckwaage von dem Druck stromabwärts der Messblende beaufschlagt . Bei den bekannten Lösungen ist ein rückwärtiger Steuerraum der Druckwaagen mit der Lastmeldeleitung verbunden, in der der über eine Wechselventilkette abgegriffene höchste Lastdruck aller angesteuerten Verbraucher anliegt. Wenn nun der Lastdruck eines betätigten hydraulischen Verbrauchers schnell über den gerade herrschenden höchsten Lastdruck ansteigt, so erhöht sich sofort der Druck an der Vorderseite des Druckwaagenkolbens der zugehörigen Druckwaage, während ein entsprechender Druckanstieg im rückwärtigen Steuerraum über die Wechselventilkette und die Lastmeldeleitung verzögert stattfindet . Das dadurch bedingte kurzzeitige Kräfteungleichgewicht am Regelkolben der Druckwaage kann die Ansteuerung des hydraulischen Verbrauchers negativ beeinflussen. Beispielsweise kann der hydraulische Verbraucher kurz etwas absacken oder die lastunabhängige Durchflussverteilung gestört werden.In a preferred embodiment, the pressure compensator piston is designed as a stepped hollow piston, as described in US Pat. No. 6,532,989 B1. This hollow piston is guided on an axial inner part which is provided with a blind hole which opens into the rear pressure chamber. An inner ring end face formed by the stepped part of the pressure compensator piston delimits the damping space with a correspondingly designed section of the inner part. The foot-side ring end face of the step piston is acted upon by the pressure downstream of the measuring orifice in the opening direction of the pressure compensator. In the known solutions, a rear control chamber of the pressure compensators is connected to the load signaling line, in which the highest load pressure of all controlled consumers, which is tapped via a shuttle valve chain, is present. If the load pressure of an actuated hydraulic consumer quickly rises above the currently prevailing highest load pressure, the pressure at the front of the pressure compensator piston of the associated pressure compensator increases immediately, while a corresponding pressure increase in the rear control chamber takes place with a delay via the shuttle valve chain and the load signaling line. The resulting short-term force imbalance on the control piston of the pressure compensator can have a negative effect on the control of the hydraulic consumer. For example, the hydraulic consumer can sag briefly or the load-independent flow distribution can be disrupted.
Zur Vermeidung eines derartigen unerwünschten Absackens des Verbrauchers werden bei den vorgenannten Lösungen zusätzliche Lasthalteventile in den Druckmittelströmungspfad zwischen dem Verbraucher und der Druckwaage geschaltet, so dass das Abströmen des Druckmittels vom Verbraucher über die Druckwaage verhindert werden kann. Derartige zusätzliche Lasthalteventile verteuern jedoch die Steueranordnung und benötigen einen erheblichen Bauraum.To avoid such an undesirable sagging of the consumer, additional load holding valves are connected in the pressure medium flow path between the consumer and the pressure compensator in the aforementioned solutions, so that the outflow of the pressure medium from the consumer can be prevented via the pressure compensator. However, such additional load holding valves make the control arrangement more expensive and require a considerable amount of space.
Zur Beseitigung dieses Nachteils werden in der US 5,067,389, der US 5,890,362 und der US 4,787,294 Druckwaagen vorgeschlagen, bei denen die Lasthaltung in die Funktion der Druckwaage integriert ist. Dabei wird die Druckwaage mit zwei hintereinander angeordneten Druckwaagenkolben versehen, die derart geschaltet sind, dass die Druckwaage geschlossen wird, wenn der am Eingang der Druckwaage anliegende Druck bei offenem Druckwaagenkolben niedriger als der individuelle Lastdruck ist.To overcome this disadvantage, pressure balances are proposed in US Pat. No. 5,067,389, US Pat. No. 5,890,362 and US Pat. No. 4,787,294, in which the load holding is integrated in the function of the pressure compensator. The pressure compensator is provided with two pressure compensator pistons arranged one behind the other, which are switched in such a way that the pressure compensator is closed when the pressure at the inlet of the pressure compensator is open Pressure compensator piston is lower than the individual load pressure.
In der DE 40 05 966 C2 wird eine Lösung vorgeschlagen, bei der in den Druckwaagenkolben ein Wechselventil integriert ist, über das der Druck stromabwärts der Zumessblende und im Lastmeldekanal verglichen und in den rückwärtigen Steuerraum gemeldet wird.DE 40 05 966 C2 proposes a solution in which a shuttle valve is integrated in the pressure compensator piston, by means of which the pressure downstream of the metering orifice and in the load signaling channel is compared and reported to the rear control chamber.
In der DE 296 17 735 Ul ist eine Druckwaage beschrieben, bei der die Lastmeldung über eine aufwendigeDE 296 17 735 Ul describes a pressure compensator in which the load message is complex
Wechselventilschaltung mit Rückschlagventilen und Düsen erfolgt, um die Druckwaage der Lasthaltefunktion im geschlossenen Zustand zu halten.Shuttle valve switching with check valves and nozzles takes place in order to keep the pressure balance of the load holding function in the closed state.
All die vorbeschriebenen bekannten Lösungen mit einer Lasthaltefunktion in der Druckwaage haben den Nachteil gemeinsam, dass ein erheblicher Aufwand erforderlich ist, um einen Steuerdruck abzugreifen, der denAll the known solutions described above with a load holding function in the pressure compensator have the disadvantage in common that a considerable effort is required to tap a control pressure which
Druckwaagenkolben in der Lasthaltefunktion in Schließrichtung beaufschlagt.Pressure compensator piston in the load holding function in the closing direction.
Gemäß einer - auch unabhängig von Patentanspruch 1 beanspruchbaren - Ausführungsform ist der Dämpfungsraum über die Dämpfungsdüse mit dem den individuellen Lastdruck führenden Kanal verbunden, so dass in dem Fall, in dem der Druck am Eingang der Druckwaage unter diesen Lastdruck absinkt, der Druckwaagenkolben über den im Dämpfungsraum anliegenden individuellen Lastdruck in seine Schließstellung gebracht wird, so dass die Druckwaage die Lasthaltefunktion mit übernimmt. Gegenüber den vorher beschriebenen Lösungen mit Lasthaltefunktion zeichnet sich die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion durch eine äußerst kompakte und einfache Bauweise aus. Alternativ kann die Dämpfungsdüse auch den Dämpfungsraum mit dem rückwärtigen Druckraum verbinden, wobei allerdings auf die Lasthaltefunktion verzichtet wird.According to one embodiment - which can also be claimed independently of claim 1 - the damping chamber is connected via the damping nozzle to the channel carrying the individual load pressure, so that in the event that the pressure at the inlet of the pressure compensator drops below this load pressure, the pressure compensator piston moves via the pressure sensor Damping space adjacent individual load pressure is brought into its closed position, so that the pressure compensator takes over the load holding function. Compared to the previously described solutions with load holding function, the construction according to the invention is characterized by an extremely compact and simple construction. Alternatively, the damping nozzle can also connect the damping chamber to the rear pressure chamber, although the load holding function is dispensed with.
Es wird bevorzugt, wenn an einem fußseitigen Endabschnitt des Innenteils eine im Sackloch mündende Querbohrung vorgesehen ist, die in der Öffnungsstellung des Druckwaagenkolbens vollständig aufgesteuert ist, so dass der Druck stromabwärts der Messblende abgegriffen und in den rückwärtigen Druckraum geführt wird.It is preferred if, at a foot-side end section of the inner part, a transverse bore opening into the blind hole is provided, which is fully opened in the open position of the pressure compensator piston, so that the pressure is tapped downstream of the measuring orifice and is led into the rear pressure chamber.
Bei einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist am kleineren Durchmesser des Druckwaagenkolbens eine Bohrung oder eine Ausnehmung ausgebildet, die derart mit Bezug zur Querbohrung positioniert werden kann, dass der Druck stromabwärts der Messblende in die Sacklochbohrung gemeldet wird.In a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment, a bore or a recess is formed on the smaller diameter of the pressure compensator piston, which can be positioned with respect to the transverse bore in such a way that the pressure downstream of the measuring orifice is reported into the blind hole.
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Alternativlösung ist diese Verbindung zwischen dem Kanal stromabwärts der Messblende und dem rückwärtigen Druckraum immer geöffnet. Bei einer bevorzugten Lösung ist diese Verbindung jedoch nur während des Anfangshubs (von der Schließstellung gesehen) der Druckwaage und bei vollständig geöffneter Druckwaage aufgesteuert, während im dazwischen liegenden Bereich diese Verbindung geschlossen ist, so dass der rückwärtige Druckraum dann mit dem höchsten wirksamen Lastdruck beaufschlagt ist, während er zu Beginn des Aufsteuerns der Druckwaage mit dem Druck stromabwärts derIn an alternative solution according to the invention, this connection between the channel downstream of the metering orifice and the rear pressure chamber is always open. In a preferred solution, however, this connection is opened only during the initial stroke (seen from the closed position) of the pressure compensator and when the pressure compensator is fully open, while in the area in between this connection is closed, so that the rear pressure chamber is then subjected to the highest effective load pressure , while at the start of opening the pressure compensator with the pressure downstream of the
Messblende - d.h. etwa dem Pumpendruck - beaufschlagt ist.Orifice plate - i.e. about the pump pressure - is applied.
Das erfindungsgemäße Rückschlagventil kann durch einen einfachen O-Ring gebildet sein, der auf dasThe check valve according to the invention can be formed by a simple O-ring on the
Innenteil aufgesetzt ist oder durch eine in eine Schließstellung vorgespannte Schließscheibe. Alternativ können auch herkömmliche Rückschlagventile mit federvorgespannten Schließkörpern verwendet werden.Inner part is put on or by one into one Prestressed locking disc in the closed position. Alternatively, conventional check valves with spring-loaded closing bodies can also be used.
Der Druckwaagenkolben kann durch eine vergleichsweise schwache Regelfeder in Schließstellung vorgespannt sein.The pressure compensator piston can be preloaded in the closed position by a comparatively weak control spring.
Sonstige vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand weiterer Unteransprüche.Other advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of further dependent claims.
Im folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand schematischer Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic drawings. Show it:
Figur 1 eine Schnittdarstellung einer Ventilscheibe mit einer halbseitig gedämpften LUDV-Druckwaage;Figure 1 is a sectional view of a valve disc with a half-sided damped LUDV pressure compensator;
Figur 2 eine vergrößerte Darstellung einer LUDV- Druckwaage gemäß Figur 1;FIG. 2 shows an enlarged illustration of an LUDV pressure compensator according to FIG. 1;
Figuren 3 und 4 Ausführungsbeispiele der halbseitig gedämpften Druckwaage aus Figur 1;Figures 3 and 4 embodiments of the half-sided damped pressure compensator from Figure 1;
Figur 5 eine LUDV-Druckwaage mit integrierter Lasthaltefunktion;FIG. 5 shows an LUDV pressure compensator with an integrated load holding function;
Figuren 6 und 7 Betriebszustände der LUDV-Druckwaage aus Figur 5 undFigures 6 and 7 operating states of the LUDV pressure compensator from Figure 5 and
Figur 8 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer LUDV- Druckwaage mit Lasthaltefunktion.Figure 8 shows another embodiment of an LUDV pressure compensator with load holding function.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine VentilscheibeFigure 1 shows a section through a valve disc
1 eines Steuerblockes eines mobilen Arbeitsgerätes, beispielsweise eines Mini- oder Kompaktbaggers,1 of a control block of a mobile working device, for example a mini or compact excavator,
Baggerladers, Teleskopladers, Kompaktladers . In dieser Ventilscheibe 1 sind ein proportional verstellbares Wegeventil 4 und eine LUDV-Druckwaage 2 aufgenommen, über die die Druckmittelströmung zwischen einem an Arbeitsanschlüsse A, B angeschlossenen Verbraucher des mobilen Arbeitsgerätes und einem Druckanschluss und einem Tankanschluss (beide nicht dargestellt) steuerbar ist. Das Wegeventil 4 hat einen den Druckmittelvolumenstrom zum Verbraucher bestimmenden Geschwindigkeitsteil 6 und zwei Richtungsteile 8, 10, über die die Strömungsrichtung des Druckmittels zum bzw. vom Verbraucher gesteuert ist.Backhoe loaders, telescopic handlers, skid steer loaders. In this Valve disc 1 includes a proportionally adjustable directional valve 4 and an LUDV pressure compensator 2, via which the pressure medium flow between a consumer of the mobile working device connected to work connections A, B and a pressure connection and a tank connection (both not shown) can be controlled. The directional control valve 4 has a speed part 6 determining the pressure medium volume flow to the consumer and two directional parts 8, 10, via which the direction of flow of the pressure medium to and from the consumer is controlled.
Das Wegeventil 4 hat einen VentilSchieber 12, der über eine Zentrierfederanordnung 14 in die dargestellteThe directional control valve 4 has a valve spool 12, which is shown in FIG
Grundposition vorgespannt ist. Die Betätigung des Ventilschiebers 12 erfolgt über einen seitlich aus derBasic position is biased. The valve spool 12 is actuated laterally from the
Ventilscheibe 1 herausgeführten Betätigungsabschnitt 16, der an einen Stellhebel oder dergleichen in der Fahrerkabine angelenkt ist .Valve disc 1 led out operating section 16 which is hinged to an actuating lever or the like in the driver's cabin.
Der Ventilschieber 12 ist in einer Ventilbohrung 18 geführt, die in Radialrichtung zu einer Druckkammer 20, einer Zulaufkammer 22, zwei etwa symmetrisch zur Druckkammer 20 angeordneten Ablaufkammern 24, 25, zwei beidseitig davon angeordneten Arbeitskammern 26, 28 sowie zu zwei dazu benachbarten Tankkammern 30, 32 erweitert ist. Der Ventilschieber 12 hat einen mittigen Messblendenbund 34, der gemeinsam mit dem verbleibenden Ringsteg zwischen der Druckkammer 20 und der Zulaufkammer 22 eine den Geschwindigkeitsteil 6 ausbildende Messblende bestimmt. Beidseitig dieses Messblendenbundes 34 sind zwei Steuerbünde 36, 38 und zwei Tankbünde 40, 42 der Richtungssteile 8,10 am VentilSchieber 12 angeordnet.The valve slide 12 is guided in a valve bore 18, which in the radial direction leads to a pressure chamber 20, an inlet chamber 22, two discharge chambers 24, 25 arranged approximately symmetrically to the pressure chamber 20, two working chambers 26, 28 arranged on both sides thereof, and to two adjacent tank chambers 30, 32 is expanded. The valve slide 12 has a central measuring orifice collar 34 which, together with the remaining ring web between the pressure chamber 20 and the inlet chamber 22, determines a measuring orifice forming the speed part 6. Two control collars 36, 38 and two tank collars 40, 42 of the directional parts 8, 10 are arranged on the valve slide 12 on both sides of this orifice collar 34.
Die Druckkammer 20 ist an den Druckanschluss P und die beiden Tankkammern 30, 32 sind an den Tankanschluss T angeschlossen. Die Zulaufkammer 22 ist über einen Zulaufkanal 44 mit dem Eingang der Druckwaage 2 verbunden. Deren Ausgang ist über zwei Ablaufkanäle 46, 48 mit der Ablaufkammer 24 bzw. 25 verbunden. Die beiden Arbeitskammern 26, 28 sind über Arbeitskanäle 50 bzw. 52 mit dem Arbeitsanschluss A bzw. B verbunden.The pressure chamber 20 is connected to the pressure port P and the two tank chambers 30, 32 are connected to the tank port T. The inlet chamber 22 is via a Inlet channel 44 connected to the inlet of the pressure compensator 2. Its outlet is connected to the outlet chamber 24 and 25 via two outlet channels 46, 48. The two working chambers 26, 28 are connected to the working connection A and B via working channels 50 and 52, respectively.
Der Aufbau der Druckwaage 2 wird anhand der vergrößerten Darstellung in Figur 2 erläutert. In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist die Druckwaage 2 in der vollständig geöffneten Betriebsposition dargestellt, in der der Zulaufkanal 44 vollständig zum Ablaufkanal 46 hin aufgesteuert ist. Die Druckwaage 2 hat einen in einer Druckwaagenbohrung 54 geführten Druckwaagenkolben 56, der als hohler Stufenkolben ausgeführt ist und auf einem entsprechend abgestuften feststehenden Innenteil 58 geführt ist . Dieses ist in Axialrichtung durch eine Schulter 60 des Gehäuseteiles und eine in die Druckwaagenbohrung 54 eingeschraubte Verschlussschraube 62 festgelegt. Wie insbesondere Figur 1 entnehmbar ist, wird zum Ausgleich eines konstruktiv erforderlichenThe structure of the pressure compensator 2 is explained on the basis of the enlarged illustration in FIG. 2. In Figures 1 and 2, the pressure compensator 2 is shown in the fully open operating position, in which the inlet channel 44 is completely opened to the outlet channel 46. The pressure compensator 2 has a pressure compensator piston 56 which is guided in a pressure compensator bore 54 and is designed as a hollow stepped piston and is guided on a correspondingly graduated fixed inner part 58. This is fixed in the axial direction by a shoulder 60 of the housing part and a screw plug 62 screwed into the pressure compensator bore 54. As can be seen, in particular, in FIG
Axialspiels das Innenteil 58 mittels einer Feder 64 in Richtung auf die Schulter 60 vorgespannt. Diese Feder 64 ist in der teilgeschnittenen Darstellung in Figur 2 nicht zu sehen. Das Innenteil 58 hat des weiteren eine Sacklochbohrung 66, die zur Schulter 60 hin verschlossen ist und die in einem rückwärtigen Federraum 68 mündet, der über Radialbohrungen 70 mit einem rückwärtigen Druckraum 72 verbunden ist, in den der Druckwaagenkolbenendabschnitt mit dem größeren Durchmesser mit seiner rückwärtigen Ringstirnfläche eintaucht. Dieser Druckraum 72 ist über einen LS-Kanal 74 mit dem größten Lastdruck aller an den Steuerblock angeschlossenen Verbraucher beaufschlagt .The inner part 58 is biased axially in the direction of the shoulder 60 by means of a spring 64. This spring 64 cannot be seen in the partially sectioned illustration in FIG. 2. The inner part 58 also has a blind hole 66, which is closed towards the shoulder 60 and which opens into a rear spring chamber 68, which is connected via radial bores 70 to a rear pressure chamber 72, into which the pressure compensator piston end section with the larger diameter with its rear ring end face dips. This pressure chamber 72 is acted upon by an LS channel 74 with the greatest load pressure of all consumers connected to the control block.
Eine Innenringstirnflache 76 begrenzt mit einer Ringstirnfläche 78 des Innenteils einen Dämpfungsraum 80 in Axialrichtung, der über eine eine Umfangswandung des Innenteils 58 in Radialrichtung (senkrecht zur Zeichenebene) durchsetzende Dämpfungsdüse 82 mit der Sacklochbohrung 66 verbunden ist. Parallel zu dieser Dämpfungsdüse 82, die eine vergleichsweise kleinen Durchmesser hat, sind im Innenteil 58 noch mehrere radial verlaufende Verbindungsausnehmungen 84 ausgebildet, die sich ebenfalls zwischen der Sacklochbohrung 66 und dem Dämpfungsraum 80 erstrecken. Der dämpfungsraumseitige Mündungsbereich der Verbindungsausnehmungen 84 ist durch einen elastischen O-Ring 86 verschlossen, der als Rückschlagventil wirkt, das eine Druckmittelströmung vom Dämpfungsraum 80 durch die Verbindungsausnehmungen 84 in die Sacklochbohrung 66 unterbindet und in Gegenrichtung zulässt.An inner ring end face 76 delimits a damping space 80 with an annular end face 78 of the inner part in the axial direction, which is connected to the blind bore 66 via a damping nozzle 82 passing through a circumferential wall of the inner part 58 in the radial direction (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing). Parallel to this damping nozzle 82, which has a comparatively small diameter, a plurality of radially extending connecting recesses 84 are also formed in the inner part 58, which also extend between the blind hole 66 and the damping space 80. The opening region of the connection recesses 84 on the damping chamber side is closed by an elastic O-ring 86, which acts as a check valve, which prevents a pressure medium flow from the damping chamber 80 through the connection recesses 84 into the blind hole 66 and allows it in the opposite direction.
Am fußseitigen Endabschnitt des Innenteils 58 ist eine Ringnut 88 ausgebildet, in der eine Lastmeldeblende 90 mündet, über die der Eingang der Druckwaage 2 mit der Sacklochbohrung 66 verbunden ist. Diese Lastmeldeblende 90 ist bei vollständig geöffneter Druckwaage 2 aufgesteuert, so dass der Druck am Eingang der Druckwaage, d.h. der individuelle Lastdruck auch im rückseitigen Druckraum 72 wirkt und in den LS-Kanal 74 gemeldet wird. In der Schließstellung des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 ist die Lastmeldeblende 90 bei dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel geschlossen.On the foot-side end section of the inner part 58, an annular groove 88 is formed, into which a load-reporting diaphragm 90 opens, via which the inlet of the pressure compensator 2 is connected to the blind hole 66. This load-sensing orifice 90 is opened when the pressure compensator 2 is fully open, so that the pressure at the inlet of the pressure compensator, i.e. the individual load pressure also acts in the rear pressure chamber 72 and is reported in the LS channel 74. In the closed position of the pressure compensator piston 56, the load-sensing diaphragm 90 is closed in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
In der in Figur 1 dargestellten Grundposition des Ventilschiebers ist die Messblende zugesteuert und die beiden Arbeitsanschlüsse A, B gegenüber dem Tankkanal T abgesperrt. Die Druckwaage ist geschlossen und somit auch die Verbindung zwischen den Kanälen 46, 48 und 44 abgesperrt. Bei Axialverschiebung des Ventilschiebers 12 beispielsweise nach rechts in Figur 1, wird durch die am Messblendenbund 34 ausgebildeten Steuerkerben eine Messblendenöffnung geöffnet, über die die Druckkammer 20 mit der Zulaufkammer 22 verbunden ist. Zu Beginn dieser Aufsteuerbewegung entspricht der Druck in der Zulaufkammer 44 etwa dem Pumpendruck. Dieser Pumpendruck wirkt auf die äußere Ringstirnfläche 92 des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 in Öffnungsriehtung, während die rückseitige Ringstirnfläche 94 durch den Druck im Druckraum 72 und damit den Lastdruck beaufschlagt ist. Die Pumpenregelung lässt den Pumpendruck so lange ansteigen bis der Lastdruck, welcher die Druckwaage geschlossen hält, erreicht ist. Der Druckwaagenkolben 56 hebt von seinem Anschlag an der Schulter 60 ab und öffnet die Verbindung vom Zulaufkanal 44 zum Arbeitskanal 46. Bei dieser gezeigten Variante wird die Steuermenge für den mit der Pumpenregelung verbundenen LS-Kanal vom Verbraucher genommen, wodurch bei ungünstigen Betriebsbedingungen der angeschlossene Verbraucher absinken kann.In the basic position of the valve slide shown in FIG. 1, the measuring orifice is closed and the two working connections A, B are blocked off from the tank channel T. The pressure compensator is closed and thus the connection between the channels 46, 48 and 44 is blocked. When the valve slide 12 is axially displaced, for example to the right in FIG. 1, the control notches formed on the orifice collar 34 result in a notch Measuring aperture opening opened, via which the pressure chamber 20 is connected to the inlet chamber 22. At the beginning of this opening movement, the pressure in the inlet chamber 44 corresponds approximately to the pump pressure. This pump pressure acts on the outer ring end face 92 of the pressure compensator piston 56 in the opening direction, while the rear ring end face 94 is acted upon by the pressure in the pressure chamber 72 and thus the load pressure. The pump control causes the pump pressure to rise until the load pressure, which keeps the pressure compensator closed, is reached. The pressure compensator piston 56 lifts from its stop on the shoulder 60 and opens the connection from the inlet channel 44 to the working channel 46. In this variant shown, the control quantity for the LS channel connected to the pump control is taken from the consumer, which means that the connected consumer in unfavorable operating conditions can sink.
In dem Fall, in dem nur der eine Verbraucher angesteuert wird, öffnet die Druckwaage 2 vollständig, so dass die Lastmeldeblende 90 geöffnet und entsprechend der Lastdruck im Arbeitskanal 46 in den Druckraum 72 und damit in den LS-Kanal 74 geführt wird.In the case in which only one consumer is actuated, the pressure compensator 2 opens completely, so that the load-sensing diaphragm 90 is opened and the load pressure in the working channel 46 is accordingly led into the pressure chamber 72 and thus into the LS channel 74.
Während Öffnungsbewegungen des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 muss Druckmittel aus dem sich verkleinernden Dämpfungsraum 80 verdrängt werden. Da der vergleichsweise große Querschnitt der Verbindungsausnehmungen 84 durch den O-Ring 86 abgesperrt sind, strömt das Druckmittel durch die kleine Dämpfungsdüse 82 in die sacklochbohrung 66, so dass die Öffnungsbewegung des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 relativ stark gedämpft ist.During opening movements of the pressure compensator piston 56, pressure medium has to be displaced from the shrinking damping space 80. Since the comparatively large cross-section of the connecting recesses 84 is blocked by the O-ring 86, the pressure medium flows through the small damping nozzle 82 into the blind hole 66, so that the opening movement of the pressure compensator piston 56 is damped relatively strongly.
Wird ein zweiter Verbraucher mit höherem Lastdruck betätigt, so wirkt dieser höhere Lastdruck in dem allen Verbrauchern gemeinsamen LS-Kanal 74 - der Druckwaagenkolben 56 wird entsprechend in Schließrichtung bewegt bis ein Druckgleichgewicht hergestellt ist. In dieser Regelposition wird der Druckabfall über der zugeordneten Messblende konstant gehalten, wodurch auch die an jeden Verbraucher gewählte Durchflussmenge verhältnisgleich konstant gehalten ist.If a second consumer with a higher load pressure is actuated, this higher load pressure acts in all Consumers common LS channel 74 - the pressure compensator piston 56 is moved accordingly in the closing direction until a pressure equilibrium is established. In this control position, the pressure drop across the assigned orifice plate is kept constant, which means that the flow rate selected for each consumer is kept constant at the same ratio.
Während dieser Schließbewegung des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 wird der Dämpfungsraum 80 vergrößert, so dass entsprechend Druckmittel aus der Sacklochbohrung 66 in den Dämpfungsraum 80 nachströmen kann. Die Elastizität des O-Rings 86 lässt eine Druckmittelströmung in dieserDuring this closing movement of the pressure compensator piston 56, the damping chamber 80 is enlarged, so that pressure medium can correspondingly flow from the blind hole 66 into the damping chamber 80. The elasticity of the O-ring 86 leaves a pressure medium flow in it
Richtung zu, so dass Druckmittel durch den vergleichsweise großen Querschnitt derDirection to, so that pressure medium due to the comparatively large cross section of the
Verbindungsausnehmungen 84 strömen kann - dieConnection recesses 84 can flow - the
Schließbewegung des Dämpfungskolbens erfolgt nahezu ungedämpft, so dass der lasthöhere Verbraucher praktisch ohne Verzögerung angesteuert wird.The closing movement of the damping piston is almost undamped, so that the higher-load consumer is controlled with practically no delay.
In den Figuren 3 und 4 sind zwei Varianten einer Druckwaage 2 dargestellt, wobei anstelle des O-Rings 86 andere Rückschlagventilanordnungen verwendet werden.FIGS. 3 and 4 show two variants of a pressure compensator 2, other check valve arrangements being used instead of the O-ring 86.
Der Grundaufbau der Druckwaage 2 ist jeweils der gleiche wie in Figur 2, so dass im folgenden lediglich auf die Unterschiede eingegangen wird. Bei dem in Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Verbindungsausnehmungen 84 nicht in Radialrichtung zwischen dem Dämpfungsraum 80 und der Sacklochbohrung 66 ausgebildet, sondern sie sind als ein symmetrisch zur Druckwaagenachse ausgebildeter Bohrungsstern ausgebildet. Über diese axial verlaufenden Verbindungsausnehmungen 84 wird der rückwärtige Druckraum 72 direkt mit dem Dämpfungsraum 80 verbunden. Das Rückschlagventil ist durch eine ringförmige Schließscheibe 96 gebildet, die das Innenteil 58 umgreift und in eine Axialnut 98 an der in Figur 3 unteren Stirnfläche des größeren Endabschnittes des Innenteils 58 eingesetzt ist. Die Schließscheibe 96 wird in Schließrichtung durch die Kraft einer Ventilfeder 100 vorgespannt, die an einem in eine Ringnut des Innenteils 58 eingesetzten Federteller 102 abgestützt ist. Die Stärke der Ventilfeder 100 ist so ausgewählt, dass eine Druckmittelströmung vom rückwärtigen Druckraum 72 in den Dämpfungsraum 80 bei der Schließbewegung des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 mit einem vergleichsweise geringen Druckverlust erfolgen kann, so dass die Dämpfung wesentlich geringer als während der Schließbewegung des Druckwaagenkolbens ist, bei der das Druckmittel über die kleine Dämpfungsdüse 82 strömen muss.The basic structure of the pressure compensator 2 is in each case the same as in FIG. 2, so that only the differences are dealt with below. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the connecting recesses 84 are not designed in the radial direction between the damping space 80 and the blind hole 66, but they are designed as a bore star that is symmetrical to the pressure compensator axis. The rear pressure chamber 72 is connected directly to the damping chamber 80 via these axially extending connecting recesses 84. The check valve is formed by an annular closing disk 96 which encompasses the inner part 58 and is inserted into an axial groove 98 on the lower end face of the larger end section of the inner part 58 in FIG. 3. The closing disk 96 is biased in the closing direction by the force of a valve spring 100, which is supported on a spring plate 102 inserted into an annular groove in the inner part 58. The strength of the valve spring 100 is selected such that a pressure medium flow from the rear pressure chamber 72 into the damping chamber 80 can take place with a comparatively small pressure loss during the closing movement of the pressure compensator piston 56, so that the damping is substantially less than during the closing movement of the pressure compensator piston, in which the pressure medium must flow through the small damping nozzle 82.
Bei dem in Figur 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird anstelle des von der Ventilscheibe 96 verschließbaren Bohrungsstern eine einzige Axialbohrung im Innenteil vorgesehen, in die ein Rückschlagventil 104 mit einem Ventilkörper 106 eingesetzt ist, der gegen eine Ventilsitz 108 vorgespannt ist. Die Funktion dieses Rückschlagventils 104 entspricht derjenigen des vorbeschriebenen AusführungsbeiSpiels, so dass weitere Erläuterungen entbehrlich sind.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, instead of the bore star which can be closed by the valve disk 96, a single axial bore is provided in the inner part, into which a check valve 104 with a valve body 106 is inserted, which is biased against a valve seat 108. The function of this check valve 104 corresponds to that of the exemplary embodiment described above, so that further explanations are unnecessary.
Figur 5 zeigt eine weitere Variante einer erfindungsgemäßen LUDV-Druckwaage 2, bei der neben der vorbeschriebenen einseitigen Dämpfung noch eine Lasthaltefunktion integriert ist, die ein Absacken derFIG. 5 shows a further variant of an LUDV pressure compensator 2 according to the invention, in which, in addition to the above-described one-sided damping, a load holding function is also integrated which prevents the
Last verhindert, so dass auf zusätzliche Lasthalteventile verzichtet werden kann.Load prevents, so that additional load holding valves can be dispensed with.
Der Grundaufbau des in Figur 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels entspricht weitestgehend demjenigen der vorbeschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele, so dass nur auf die Unterschiede eingegangen wird.The basic structure of the embodiment shown in Figure 5 largely corresponds to that of the above-described exemplary embodiments, so that only the differences are dealt with.
Auch bei der Variante gemäß Figur 5 ist ein Druckwaagenkolben 56 axial verschiebbar auf einem Innenteil 58 geführt. Die rückseitige Ringstirnfläche 94 ist vom Druck im Druckraum 72 und die äußere Ringstirnfläche 92 vom Druck am Eingang der Druckwaage 2, d.h. vom Druck im Zulaufkanal 44 (stromabwärts der Messblende) beaufschlagt. Im Inneren des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 ist wiederum der Dämpfungsraum 80 ausgebildet, so dass die Innenringstirnflache 76 vom Druck in diesem Dämpfungsraum 80 in Schließrichtung beaufschlagt wird. Zwischen der Sacklochbohrung 66 des Innenteils 58 und dem Dämpfungsraum 80 sind - wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2 - radial verlaufende Verbindungsausnehmungen 84 ausgebildet, die dämpfungsraumseitig von einem O-Ring 86 verschlossen sind. Am fußseitigen Endabschnitt hat das Innenteil 58 eine Lastmeldeblende 90. Bis hierhin entspricht das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 5 vollständig dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 2. Der wesentliche Unterschied besteht darin, dass die kleine Dämpfungsdüse 82 nicht im Innenteil sondern im Mantel des Dämpfungskolbens 56 ausgebildet ist, so dass der Dämpfungsraum 80 über diese Dämpfungsdüse 82 nicht mit der Sacklochbohrung 66 sondern mit den Arbeitskanälen 46, 48 verbunden ist. D.h. über die Dämpfungsdüse 82 wirkt der am zugeordneten Verbraucher wirksame Lastdruck im Dämpfungsraum 80.In the variant according to FIG. 5, too, a pressure compensator piston 56 is axially displaceably guided on an inner part 58. The rear ring face 94 is from the pressure in the pressure chamber 72 and the outer ring face 92 from the pressure at the inlet of the pressure compensator 2, i.e. acted upon by the pressure in the inlet channel 44 (downstream of the orifice plate). The damping chamber 80 is in turn formed in the interior of the pressure compensator piston 56, so that the pressure in this damping chamber 80 acts on the inner ring end face 76 in the closing direction. Between the blind hole 66 of the inner part 58 and the damping space 80, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, radially extending connecting recesses 84 are formed, which are closed by an O-ring 86 on the damping space side. At the foot-side end section, the inner part 58 has a load-sensing diaphragm 90. Up to this point, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 corresponds completely to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2. The main difference is that the small damping nozzle 82 is not formed in the inner part but in the jacket of the damping piston 56, so that the damping chamber 80 is connected via this damping nozzle 82 not to the blind hole 66 but to the working channels 46, 48. That The load pressure effective at the associated consumer acts in the damping chamber 80 via the damping nozzle 82.
Des weiteren ist an dem Endabschnitt desFurthermore, at the end portion of the
Druckwaagenkolbens 56 mit kleinerem Durchmesser einePressure compensator piston 56 with a smaller diameter
Bohrung 110 ausgebildet, die in der in Figur 5 dargestellten Schließstellung der Druckwaage 2 mit der Lastmeldeblende 90 fluchtet, so dass Druckmittel vom Zulaufkanal 44 in die Sacklochbohrung 66 eintreten kann.Bore 110 formed, which in the closed position shown in Figure 5 of the pressure compensator 2 with the Load-sensing diaphragm 90 is aligned so that pressure medium can enter the blind bore 66 from the inlet channel 44.
Der Dämpfungsraum 80 wirkt des weiteren noch als Federraum für eine Feder 112 , die an der benachbarten Ringstirnfläche des Innenteils 58 abgestützt ist und an der Innenringstirnflache 76 des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 angreift. Auch diese Feder 112 dient dazu, das konstruktiv vorgegebene Spiel in Axialrichtung auszugleichen und ein schnelles Schließen des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 zu gewährleisten - prinzipiell könnte auf die Feder 112 verzichtet werden.The damping chamber 80 also acts as a spring chamber for a spring 112 which is supported on the adjacent ring end face of the inner part 58 and which engages on the inner ring end face 76 of the pressure compensator piston 56. This spring 112 also serves to compensate for the play in the axial direction and to ensure that the pressure compensator piston 56 closes quickly - in principle, the spring 112 could be dispensed with.
In der Grundposition des Steuerschiebers und bei geschlossener Druckwaage 2 wirkt der Lastdruck am zugeordneten Verbraucher über die Arbeitskanäle 46, 48 und die kleine Dämpfungsdüse 82 im Dämpfungsraum 80. Der O-Ring 86 sperrt den Durchgang zur Sacklochbohrung 66 ab. In der Sacklochbohrung 66 und im damit verbundenen Druckraum ist über die Lastmeldeblende 90 und die Bohrung 110 der Druck im Zulaufkanal 44 wirksam.In the basic position of the control slide and with the pressure compensator 2 closed, the load pressure acts on the associated consumer via the working channels 46, 48 and the small damping nozzle 82 in the damping chamber 80. The O-ring 86 blocks the passage to the blind hole 66. The pressure in the inlet channel 44 is effective in the blind hole 66 and in the pressure chamber connected to it via the load-sensing diaphragm 90 and the hole 110.
Bei Betätigung des Ventilschiebers 12 entspricht dieser Druck im Zulaufkanal 44, d.h. der Druck stromabwärts der Messblende zunächst im wesentlichen dem Pumpendruck, so dass im Druckraum 72 ebenfalls Pumpendruck anliegt. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird somit in der dargestellten Grundposition der Druckwaage der LS-Kanal 74 über die Pumpe gefüllt und nicht - wie bei den vorbeschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen - über die Last, so dass ein Absacken des Verbrauchers bei der Ansteuerung aufgrund eines Füllens des LS-Kanals 74 verhindert wird.When the valve slide 12 is actuated, this pressure corresponds to the inlet channel 44, i.e. the pressure downstream of the metering orifice is initially essentially the pump pressure, so that pump pressure is also present in the pressure chamber 72. In this exemplary embodiment, in the illustrated basic position of the pressure compensator, the LS channel 74 is filled via the pump and not - as in the previously described exemplary embodiments - via the load, so that the consumer sags during activation due to the LS channel 74 being filled is prevented.
Die Pumpenregelung der nicht dargestellten Pumpe lässt den anliegenden Pumpendruck so lange ansteigen bis der Lastdruck, welcher die Druckwaage geschlossen hält, erreicht ist. Da zu Beginn der Ansteuerung im LS-Kanal 74 der Pumpendruck wirkt und dieser an den Pumpenregler weiter gemeldet wird, zieht sich dieser sozusagen "selbst hoch" bis das Kräftegleichgewicht mit der in Schließrichtung wirksamen Kraft erreicht ist, die im wesentlichen durch den auf die Innenringstirnflache 76 wirkenden Lastdruck (und den Druck im rückwärtigen Druckraum) bestimmt ist. Der Druckwaagenkolben 56 beginnt dann den Durchgang zum Arbeitskanal 46, 48 und damit zum Verbraucher zu öffnen. Gleichzeitig wird die Überdeckung der Lastmeldeblende 90 mit der Bohrung 110 aufgehoben, so dass die Lastmeldeblende 90 zugesteuert wird.The pump control of the pump, not shown, allows the pump pressure to rise until the load pressure, which keeps the pressure compensator closed, has been reached. Since the pump pressure acts in the LS channel 74 at the start of the control and this is reported to the pump controller, it so to speak "pulls itself up" until the force equilibrium is reached with the force acting in the closing direction, which is essentially due to the area on the inner ring face 76 acting load pressure (and the pressure in the rear pressure chamber) is determined. The pressure compensator piston 56 then begins to open the passage to the working channel 46, 48 and thus to the consumer. At the same time, the overlap of the load alarm panel 90 with the bore 110 is removed, so that the load alarm panel 90 is closed.
Dieser Betriebszustand ist in Figur 6 dargestellt. Dabei fließt zunächst noch ein sehr geringer Druckmittelvolumenstrom zum Verbraucher, d.h. der Druckabfall über der Messblende ist gering. Der von der Pumpenregelung geregelte Druckabfall entsteht noch fast vollständig über der Druckwaage, welche aufgrund dieserThis operating state is shown in FIG. 6. A very low pressure medium volume flow initially flows to the consumer, i.e. the pressure drop across the orifice plate is low. The pressure drop regulated by the pump control still arises almost completely above the pressure compensator, which is due to this
Druckdifferenz weiter geöffnet wird. Die Druckwaage wird schließlich vollständig aufgesteuert (siehe Figur 7) , wobei durch die untere Ringfläche 114 des Druckwaagenkolbens 56 die Lastmeldeblende 90 wieder aufgesteuert ist. Über die LastmeIdeblende 90 wird nun die Sacklochbohrung 66, der Druckraum 72 und damit der LS-Kanal 74 mit einem Volumenstrom versorgt, der durch einen nachgeschalteten Stromregler im wesentlichen konstant ist. Der Druckabfall, den dieser Volumenstrom zwischen der Vorder- und Rückseite der Druckwaage 2 erzeugt, ist größer als die Kraft der Feder 112 - die Druckwaage bleibt vollständig geöffnet. Die Feder dient - wie gesagt- nur dazu, die Druckwaage in Schließbereitschaft zu halten. Wird nun ein weiterer Verbraucher mit höherem Lastdruck betätigt, so wird die Druckwaage des zuerst angesteuerten Verbrauchers in der vorbeschriebenen Weise in seine Regelposition gebracht, so dass der Druckabfall über der Messblende konstant bleibt und alle Verbraucher lastunabhängig mit Druckmittel versorgt werden.Pressure difference is opened further. Finally, the pressure compensator is opened completely (see FIG. 7), the load-sensing diaphragm 90 being opened again through the lower annular surface 114 of the pressure compensator piston 56. Via the load-sensing diaphragm 90, the blind hole 66, the pressure chamber 72 and thus the LS channel 74 are now supplied with a volume flow which is essentially constant by a downstream flow regulator. The pressure drop that this volume flow generates between the front and rear of the pressure compensator 2 is greater than the force of the spring 112 - the pressure compensator remains completely open. As I said, the spring only serves to keep the pressure compensator in the ready position to close. If another consumer with a higher load pressure is now actuated, the pressure compensator of the consumer controlled first is brought into its control position in the manner described above, so that the pressure drop across the measuring orifice remains constant and all consumers are supplied with pressure medium regardless of the load.
Fällt der Pumpendruck aufgrund Schwankungen in der Druckmittelversorgung unter den Lastdruck ab, so wird der Druckwaagenkolben 56 durch den auf seine Innenringstirnflache 76 wirkenden Lastdruck schnell in seine Schließposition verfahren und wirkt als Lasthalteventil .If the pump pressure drops below the load pressure due to fluctuations in the pressure medium supply, the pressure compensator piston 56 is quickly moved into its closed position by the load pressure acting on its inner ring end face 76 and acts as a load holding valve.
Figur 8 zeigt schließlich eine Variante des in den Figuren 5 bis 7 beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiels, bei dem am kleineren Durchmesser des hohlen Druckwaagenkolbens 56 keine radiale Bohrung 110 sondern in der von der Ringfläche 114 gebildeten Stirnfläche Ausnehmungen 116 ausgebildet sind, die in einem RingspaltFinally, FIG. 8 shows a variant of the exemplary embodiment described in FIGS. 5 to 7, in which, on the smaller diameter of the hollow pressure compensator piston 56, there are no radial bores 110, but recesses 116 are formed in the end face formed by the annular surface 114, which recesses are formed in an annular gap
118 münden, der durch eine Zurückstufung des Innenteils 58 gebildet ist. Dieser Ringspalt 118 erstreckt sich in Axialrichtung bis zur Lastmeldeblende 90. Bei vollständig geöffneter Druckwaage (links in Figur 8) ist die Lastmeldeblende 90 vollständig aufgesteuert, so dass kein hydraulischer Widerstand (Ringspalt 118) vorgeschaltet ist.118 open, which is formed by a downgrading of the inner part 58. This annular gap 118 extends in the axial direction up to the load-sensing orifice 90. When the pressure compensator is fully open (left in FIG. 8), the load-sensing orifice 90 is fully opened, so that no hydraulic resistance (annular gap 118) is connected upstream.
Bei dieser Variante wird somit die Lastmeldeleitung des Steuerblocks über sämtliche Scheiben mit Druckmittel versorgt, das von der Pumpe abgegriffen wird. Vorversuche zeigten, dass diese Variante die LUDV Steuerungscharakteristik beeinflußt, da die LS-Leitung von allen aktiven Verbrauchern versorgt wird. Die Anmelderin behält sich vor, auf die Lasthaltefunktion eine eigene Patentanmeldung zu richten, wobei der Anspruch auf das Beaufschlagen des Dämpfungsraums 80 mit dem Lastdruck gerichtet sein kann.In this variant, the load reporting line of the control block is thus supplied with pressure medium via all disks, which is tapped by the pump. Preliminary tests showed that this variant influences the LUDV control characteristics, since the LS line is supplied by all active consumers. The applicant reserves the right to direct its own patent application to the load holding function, whereby the claim can be directed to the damping space 80 being subjected to the load pressure.
Offenbart ist eine hydraulische Steueranordnung zur lastunabhängigen Ansteuerung eines Verbrauchers mit einem stetig verstellbaren Wegeventil und einer nachgeschalteten Druckwaage. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Druckwaage einseitig gedämpft, so dass die Bewegung in Öffnungsrichtung gedämpft und die Bewegung in Schließrichtung im wesentlichen ungedämpft erfolgt. Es ist des weiteren eine Steueranordnung offenbart, bei der in die Druckwaage eine Lasthaltefunktion integriert ist. Disclosed is a hydraulic control arrangement for load-independent control of a consumer with a continuously adjustable directional valve and a downstream pressure compensator. According to the invention, the pressure compensator is damped on one side, so that the movement in the opening direction is damped and the movement in the closing direction is essentially undamped. Furthermore, a control arrangement is disclosed in which a load holding function is integrated in the pressure compensator.
Bezugszeichenliste :Reference symbol list:
Ventilscheibe LUDV-Druckwaage Wegeventil Geschwindigkeitsteil Richtungsteil Richtungsteil Ventilschieber Zentrierfederanordnung Betätigungsabschnitt Ventilbohrung Druckkammer Zulaufkammer Ablaufkammer Ablaufkammer Arbeitskammer Arbeitskammer Tankkammer Tankkammer Messblendenbund Steuerbund Steuerbund Tankbund Tankbund Zulaufkanal Ablaufkanal Ablaufkanal Arbeitskanal Arbeitskanal Druckwaagenbohrung Druckwaagenkolben Innenteil Schulter Verschlussschraube FederValve disc LUDV pressure compensator Directional control valve Speed section Directional part Directional valve Valve slide Centering spring arrangement Actuating section Valve bore Pressure chamber Inlet chamber Drain chamber Drain chamber Work chamber Work chamber Tank chamber Tank chamber Measuring orifice collar Control collar Control collar Tank collar Tank collar Feed channel Drain channel Drain channel Working channel Working channel Pressure compensator bore Pressure compensator piston Inner part Shoulder Locking screw feather
SacklochbohrungBlind hole
Federraumspring chamber
Radialbohrungradial bore
Druckraumpressure chamber
LS-KanalLS-channel
InnenringstirnflacheInner ring end face
RingstirnflächeAnnular face
Dämpfungsraumdamping space
Dämpfungsdüsedamping
Verbindungsausnehmungconnecting recess
O-RingO-ring
Ringnutring groove
Lastmeldeblende äußere Ringstirnfläche rückseitige RingstirnflächeLoad-sensing panel outer ring face rear ring face
Schließscheibeclosing disk
Axialnutaxial groove
Ventilfedervalve spring
Federtellerspring plate
Rückschlagventilcheck valve
Ventilkörpervalve body
Ventilsitzvalve seat
Bohrungdrilling
Federfeather
Ringflächering surface
Ausnehmungenrecesses
Ringspalt annular gap

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Hydraulische Steueranordnung zur lastunabhängigen Ansteuerung eines Verbrauchers, mit einem stetig verstellbaren Wegeventil (4) , das eine Messblende ausbildet, der eine Druckwaage (2) nachgeschaltet ist, deren Druckwaagenkolben (56) als Stufenkolben ausgeführt ist, so dass die Druckwaage (2) einen rückwärtigen Druckraum (72) und einen ringförmigen1. Hydraulic control arrangement for load-independent control of a consumer, with a continuously adjustable directional valve (4), which forms a measuring orifice, which is followed by a pressure compensator (2), the pressure compensator piston (56) of which is designed as a step piston, so that the pressure compensator (2) a rear pressure chamber (72) and an annular one
Dämpfungsraum (80) hat, der über eine DämpfungsdüseDamping chamber (80) has a damping nozzle
(82) mit einem benachbarten, Druckmittel führenden(82) with an adjacent, pressure medium leading
Raum (66, 46; 48) verbunden ist, wobei der DruckraumSpace (66, 46; 48) is connected, the pressure space
(72) und der Dämpfungsraum (80) mit einem auf den Druckwaagenkolben (56) in Schließrichtung wirksamen Steuerdruck beaufschlagbar sind, und wobei eine äußere Ringstirnfläche (92) des Druckwaagenkolbens (56) mit einem Druck stromabwärts der Messblende in Öffnungsrichtung beaufschlagt ist, gekennzeichnet durch eine Verbindungsausnehmung (84) zwischen dem rückseitigen Druckraum (72) und dem Dämpfungsraum (80) , der ein in Richtung zum Dämpfungsraum (80) öffnendes Rückschlagventil (86, 986, 104) zugeordnet ist.(72) and the damping chamber (80) can be acted upon by a control pressure acting on the pressure compensator piston (56) in the closing direction, and wherein an outer annular end face (92) of the pressure compensator piston (56) is pressurized downstream of the measuring orifice in the opening direction, characterized by a connecting recess (84) between the rear pressure chamber (72) and the damping chamber (80), which is assigned a check valve (86, 986, 104) opening towards the damping chamber (80).
2. Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 1, wobei der Druckwaagenkolben (56) ein Hohlkolben ist und auf einem axialen Innenteil (58) geführt ist, das eine Sacklochbohrung { 66 ) hat, die in dem rückwärtigen Druckraum (72) mündet.2. Control arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the pressure compensator piston (56) is a hollow piston and is guided on an axial inner part (58) which has a blind hole {66) which opens into the rear pressure chamber (72).
3. Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 2 , wobei die Dämpfungsdüse (82) den Dämpfungsraum (80) mit einem den Lastdruck des zugeordneten Verbrauchers führenden Kanal (46,48) verbindet. 3. Control arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the damping nozzle (82) connects the damping chamber (80) with a channel carrying the load pressure of the associated consumer (46, 48).
4. Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 2 , wobei die Dämpfungsdüse (82) den Dämpfungsraum (80) mit dem rückwärtigen Druckraum (72) verbindet.4. Control arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the damping nozzle (82) connects the damping chamber (80) with the rear pressure chamber (72).
5. Steueranordnung nach einem der Patentansprüche 2 bis 4, wobei an einem fußseitigen Endabschnitt des Innenteils (58) eine in der Sacklochbohrung (66) mündende Lastmeldeblende (90) vorgesehen ist, die in der Öffnungssteilung des Druckwaagenkolbens (56) vollständig aufgesteuert ist.5. Control arrangement according to one of the claims 2 to 4, wherein at a foot-side end portion of the inner part (58) in the blind hole (66) opening load indicator orifice (90) is provided, which is fully opened in the opening pitch of the pressure compensating piston (56).
6. Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 5, wobei am kleineren Durchmesser des Druckwaagenkolbens (56) eine Bohrung (110) oder eine Unfangsausnehmung (116) ausgebildet ist, über die der Druck stromabwärts der Messblende in die Sacklochbohrung (66) meldbar ist.6. Control arrangement according to claim 5, wherein a bore (110) or a circumferential recess (116) is formed on the smaller diameter of the pressure compensator piston (56), via which the pressure downstream of the measuring orifice in the blind hole (66) can be reported.
7. Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 6, wobei in der Schließstellung des Druckwaagenkolbens (56) die Bohrung (110) in Überdeckung mit der Lastmeldeblende7. Control arrangement according to claim 6, wherein in the closed position of the pressure compensating piston (56), the bore (110) overlaps with the load-sensing diaphragm
(90) steht, die beim anschließenden Hub des Druckwaagenkolbens (56) zusteuerbar und bei Erreichen der Öffnungsposition durch den Druckwaagenkolben (56) wieder aufsteuerbar ist.(90) stands, which can be actuated during the subsequent stroke of the pressure compensator piston (56) and can be opened again by the pressure compensator piston (56) when the opening position is reached.
8. Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 7, wobei die Umfangsausnehmung (116) in einem sich zur Lastmeldeblende (90) hin erstreckenden Ringspalt8. Control arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the circumferential recess (116) in an annular gap extending to the load-sensing diaphragm (90)
(118) zwischen dem Innenteil (58) und dem Druckwaagenkolben (56) mündet.(118) opens between the inner part (58) and the pressure compensator piston (56).
9. Steueranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei die Verbindungsausnehmung (84) durch einen Bohrungsstern gebildet ist, der in der Sacklochbohrung (66) mündet und der durch einen auf das Innenteil (58) aufgesetzten O-Ring (86) verschließbar ist.9. Control arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting recess (84) is formed by a bore star, which opens into the blind hole (66) and by one the inner part (58) attached O-ring (86) can be closed.
10. Steueranordnung nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Verbindungsausnehmung (84) durch eine im Druckraum (80) mündende Bohrung des Innenteils (58) gebildet ist, in der ein Rückschlagventil (104) aufgenommen ist.10. Control arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the connecting recess (84) is formed by a bore in the pressure chamber (80) of the inner part (58), in which a check valve (104) is received.
11. Steueranordnung nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei der Druckwaagenkolben (56) durch eine Feder (112) in seine Schließstellung vorgespannt ist.11. Control arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pressure compensator piston (56) is biased by a spring (112) in its closed position.
12. Druckwaage für eine hydraulische Steueranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, mit einem auf einem Innenteil (58) geführten, abgestuften, als Hohlkolben ausgeführten Druckwaagenkolben (56) , dessen rückseitige Ringstirnfläche (94) einen rückwärtigen Druckraum (72) und dessen Innenringstirnflache (76) einen ringförmigen Dämpfungsraum (80) abschnittsweise begrenzt, der über eine Dämpfungsdüse (82) mit einem benachbarten, Druckmittel führenden Raum verbunden ist, wobei die Innenringstirnflache (76) und die rückseitige Ringstirnfläche (94) mit einem in Schließrichtung wirksamen Druck und eine äußere Ringstirnfläche (92) mit einem in Öffnungsrichtung wirksamen Druck beaufschlagbar sind, gekennzeichnet durch eine Verbindungsausnehmung (84) des Innenteils (58) zwischen dem rückseitigen Druckraum (72) und dem Dämpfungsraum (80) , der ein in Richtung zum Dämpfungsraum (80) hin öffnendes Rückschlagventil (86, 96, 104) zugeordnet ist.12. Pressure compensator for a hydraulic control arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with a graduated on a inner part (58), designed as a hollow piston pressure compensator piston (56), the rear annular end face (94) of a rear pressure chamber (72) and the inner annular end face (76 ) partially delimits an annular damping space (80) which is connected via a damping nozzle (82) to an adjacent pressure medium-carrying space, the inner ring end face (76) and the rear ring end face (94) having a pressure effective in the closing direction and an outer ring end face (92) can be acted upon by a pressure effective in the opening direction, characterized by a connecting recess (84) in the inner part (58) between the rear pressure chamber (72) and the damping chamber (80), which has a check valve that opens in the direction of the damping chamber (80) (86, 96, 104).
13. Druckwaage nach Patentanspruch 12, wobei die Dämpfungsdüse (82) den Dämpfungsraum (80) mit einem den Lastdruck eines zugeordneten Verbrauchers führenden Druckraum verbindet.13. Pressure compensator according to claim 12, wherein the damping nozzle (82) the damping chamber (80) with a connects the load pressure of an associated consumer leading pressure chamber.
14. Druckwaage nach Patentanspruch 12 , wobei die Dämpfungsdüse (82) den Dämpfungsraum (80) mit dem rückwärtigen Druckraum (72) verbindet.14. Pressure compensator according to claim 12, wherein the damping nozzle (82) connects the damping chamber (80) with the rear pressure chamber (72).
15. Druckwaage nach einem der Patentansprüche 12 bis 14, wobei im Innenteil eine im rückwärtigen Druckraum (72) mündende Sacklochbohrung (66) ausgebildet ist, in der fußseitig eine Lastmeldeblende (90) mündet, der eine Bohrung (110) des Druckwaagenkolbens (56) zugeordnet ist, die in der Schließstellung des Druckwaagenkolbens (56) in Überdeckung mit der Lastmeldeblende (90) steht, wobei bei einer anschließenden Öffnungsbewegung die Lastmeldeblende (90) zusteuerbar und in der vollständig geöffneten Position des Druckwaagenkolbens (56) wieder aufsteuerbar ist. 15. Pressure compensator according to one of the claims 12 to 14, wherein in the inner part a blind hole (66) opening in the rear pressure chamber (72) is formed, in which a load-sensing orifice (90) opens on the foot side, which bore (110) of the pressure compensator piston (56) is assigned, which is in the closed position of the pressure compensating piston (56) in overlap with the load-sensing diaphragm (90), the load-sensing diaphragm (90) being controllable during a subsequent opening movement and being able to be opened again in the fully open position of the pressure compensating piston (56).
EP04735220A 2003-06-04 2004-05-28 Hydraulic control arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP1629209B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003125296 DE10325296A1 (en) 2003-06-04 2003-06-04 Hydraulic control arrangement
PCT/EP2004/005837 WO2004109125A1 (en) 2003-06-04 2004-05-28 Hydraulic control arrangement

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EP1629209A1 true EP1629209A1 (en) 2006-03-01
EP1629209B1 EP1629209B1 (en) 2007-01-03

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US (1) US7628174B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1629209B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4851318B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE350586T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10325296A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004109125A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
EP1629209B1 (en) 2007-01-03
US20060191582A1 (en) 2006-08-31
DE10325296A1 (en) 2004-12-23
JP2006526746A (en) 2006-11-24
US7628174B2 (en) 2009-12-08
WO2004109125A1 (en) 2004-12-16
JP4851318B2 (en) 2012-01-11
ATE350586T1 (en) 2007-01-15
DE502004002559D1 (en) 2007-02-15

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