EP1588050A1 - Wind generator of the type with automatic power regulation - Google Patents

Wind generator of the type with automatic power regulation

Info

Publication number
EP1588050A1
EP1588050A1 EP03814488A EP03814488A EP1588050A1 EP 1588050 A1 EP1588050 A1 EP 1588050A1 EP 03814488 A EP03814488 A EP 03814488A EP 03814488 A EP03814488 A EP 03814488A EP 1588050 A1 EP1588050 A1 EP 1588050A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
spring
blades
hand
counterweight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03814488A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Travere Industries SAS TRAVERE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Travere Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Travere Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Travere Industries SAS filed Critical Travere Industries SAS
Publication of EP1588050A1 publication Critical patent/EP1588050A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/77—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism driven or triggered by centrifugal forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • Wind energy has been used for a long time thanks to rotary airfoils.
  • windmills fitted with wings or blades generally four in number; but these mills are especially usable in countries where the winds are more or less regular and always blowing in almost the same direction.
  • Wind turbines devices in which the blades are metallic or made of composite materials, therefore relatively undeformable. Improved wind turbines ensure adequate yields with, for example, a tail unit forming a drift which ensures the maintenance of all the movable elements whatever the direction of the wind (for example, blades parallel to the direction of the wind - so-called "flag" position), to offer a minimum grip in the wind or position opposite to the feathered position, therefore position perpendicular to the direction of the wind, with here maximum grip in the wind.
  • a drive wheel is used for the smooth running of the blades, certain devices provide for subtracting this driving wheel in the wind by erasing it in the event of a storm.
  • Wind turbines as we know, can be used for various applications: pumping water on farms, supplying electrical energy, and also supplying hot water using the heat produced during braking of the blades when it is advisable to slow them down for whatever reasons.
  • the present invention relates more particularly here to the adequate control of the speed of rotation of wind turbines, in particular in strong wind, that is to say when the maximum energy is recovered but the end of the blades becomes too fast and threatens. the strength or at least the wear and tear of the numerous mechanical parts of the entire wind turbine. More specifically, the device of the invention relates to the automatic adjustment of the pitch of the propeller of a wind turbine.
  • wind turbines include a regulation device driven by the propeller motor shaft (of which a movable regulation rod is generally coaxial with the motor shaft (FR-241521 1).
  • a device for automatically adjusting the pitch of the driving propeller of a wind turbine by means of rollers or rods engaged in grooves forming cams arranged in plates carried by each of the shafts of the blades.
  • the blades can also be actuated by "eccentrics” controlled against the action of springs by weights linked in rotation to the wheel.
  • eccentrics controlled by the wind itself (FR 241521 1) or by a central member controlled by means of the wheel and whose translation can be ensured for example using of a watt regulator (FR 2401331) or of a screw-nut system sensitive to the speed difference between that of the wheel and that of a motor running at a reference speed (FR 2313576).
  • the device according to the invention not only makes it possible to solve the problem of strong winds but also makes it possible, thanks to a large step in the absence of wind, to facilitate the starting of the propeller, this step then decreasing to a optimum value to then increase if the wind increases, or even to feather in the event of gusts.
  • Basic information on wind turbines can still be found in French patent FR 2,500,077.
  • the present invention relates to the power regulation of a wind propeller coupled to a generator by giving the blades of this propeller (there are at least 2 blades, for example two or four) a layout such that the efficiency of this propeller varies in opposite direction of the variation of the wind energy.
  • the “torque-speed” characteristics of the propeller are determined so that the operating point begins to move towards areas of low aerodynamic efficiency when the wind speed approaches the value for which the generator reaches power. maximum compatible with safety as taught in French patent N ° 1,553,046.
  • this patent FR-1553046 most of the regulation is acquired without movement of the blades, thus resulting in greater regulation stability than in the usual variable pitch systems which reduce the power by increasing the pitch; the system described in French patent No.
  • 1,553,046 has brought an important improvement by being provided with a system of centrifugal weights arranged so as to reduce the stalling of part of the blades when the rotation speed tends to increase, by also being provided with a system of stops and return means against these stops which mechanically define the initial setting and the optimum operating setting up to the nominal speed.
  • the blade is pivotable about an axis and drives, for example by means of an arm, the end of a return spring which tends to keep the blade in contact with a fixed stop which defines the initial setting. .
  • the French patent N ° 1 .553.046 describes a certain type of spring assembly, assembly which, while being very correct, does not have the advantages of the present invention, also incorporating a system of weights and arms but with an original arrangement of 'at least one spring.
  • the blade or a part of this blade, can constitute the centrifugal flyweight system.
  • the arm carrying the counterweight and the hooking arm of the spring can then form a single bent lever.
  • a variant provides for a blade, or part of a blade, integral with a heel arranged to drive the movable end of a second spring, an end retained by a second fixed stop, when the blade or part of the blade has turned by a certain amount. angle.
  • the first stop corresponds to an initial setting which ensures a high starting torque
  • the second stop main stop
  • This second spring can be attached to a secondary arm which pivots around the axis of rotation of the blade. This spring brings this secondary arm back into contact with the first stop.
  • this second spring is supported by its free end on the second fixed stop; the heel is then arranged so as to directly drive this end after the rotation of the blade.
  • Figures 1, 2 and 3 are taken from the French patent
  • FIG. 1 represents a blade element and the components of the forces which result from the action of a wind W of beta angle on the blade element whose setting angle is alpha; dP is the lift proportional to the incidence i which is the difference between beta and alpha; if the wind turbine is lightly loaded, the low values of dF correspond to low values of dP, and consequently to low values of i; the variations of alpha setting substantially follow those of the angle of the wind (beta); the inevitable variations in incidence result in its significant variations in the forces applied to the blades of the propellers, resulting in significant wear of the pitch variation mechanisms.
  • the blade 1 is provided with a pitch variation mechanism constituted by a bent lever 2 secured to the blade and mounted to pivot on the axis 3 perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the blade.
  • a counterweight 4 was fixed and at the other end, a return spring 5 was hooked.
  • a stop 6 determines the initial setting of the blade alpha.
  • a heel 9 has been fixed arranged so as to be able to drive the lever 7 against the action of the spring 8, when the lever 2 has pivoted by a certain angle.
  • the fairly flexible spring 5 is the starting spring and the stop 6 corresponds to an initial setting sufficiently large to ensure a high starting torque.
  • the springs used work in traction and the details of this patent are specifically limited to these traction.
  • At least one counterweight system counteracts the restoring force of the spring or springs when the speed of rotation tends to increase and results in a reduction of the setting.
  • the devices according to the invention make it possible to provide an initial setting much greater than alpha to ensure a very high starting torque.
  • FIG. 4 briefly schematically shows a first aspect of the invention. It describes a device which comprises at least two blades 1 1. Each of them is secured to a bent lever 12 (or a bent arm or any equivalent means), each of the bent levers being pivotally mounted about an axis 13 (the figure here showing a system with two blades, therefore with 2 axes); these axes are perpendicular to the axes of the rotation of the blades.
  • each end of the levers 12 is fixed a counterweight 14 and at the other end of each lever 12 is hung a return spring 15, each of the springs being hung according to the invention on the one hand to a counterweight 14 secured to one of the blades and on the other hand to the end of a lever 12 secured to another blade.
  • a counterweight 14 At each end of the levers 12 is fixed a counterweight 14 and at the other end of each lever 12 is hung a return spring 15, each of the springs being hung according to the invention on the one hand to a counterweight 14 secured to one of the blades and on the other hand to the end of a lever 12 secured to another blade.
  • each spring connects the counterweight attached to a lever at the end of the other lever attached to the other counterweight.
  • each lever corresponds to a fixed stop 20., therefore here at least two stops 20 which determine the initial setting alpha of each blade.
  • An arrow F ' is the indication of the wind direction W and the other arrows F indicate the spacing of the flyweights, the arrows f indicating the ascent of the blades.
  • the levers are lowered by centrifugal effect applied to the rotating weights under the effect of the wind while the springs lengthen and exert a traction in the opposite direction on the weights, thus maintaining the proper functioning of the wind turbine.
  • FIG. 5 represents a second variant of the invention, namely a device operating with the aid of a compressed spring and not in tension.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a set of at least two blades 21 (preferably 2 blades), each secured to an angled lever 22 (here preferably two angled levers 22); each bent lever is connected to a counterweight such as 24.
  • Each of these bent levers pivots about an axis 23 perpendicular to the plane of the blades or bent levers.
  • the improvement consists, not in using a spring connected on the one hand to a counterweight and on the other hand to an end of a bent lever, lever other than that which is connected to the counterweight, but to use a spring operating “in compression” and not in traction, this spring being connected to its base with at least two stops 30 and this spring being connected at its upper part to a fixed nut 26.
  • compressed spring which in particular additionally provides two advantages: -On the one hand, a stabilizing and damping effect, as the average position resulting from the forces exerted by all the blades, due to the presence of this compressed spring, with minimum noise and vibration.
  • FIG. 6 represents what has been called above the mixed technique.
  • This FIG. 6 is identical to FIG. 5, that is to say that it is characterized by the presence of at least one spring 25 operating in compression, but it also comprises at least two springs 15 identical to those which are illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the function of the spring 25 is mainly a damping action.
  • the function of the springs 15 is for the most part a stabilization function.
  • the combined action of the two types of support results in: A major role of damping springs such as 15. A major role of stabilization in the middle position for adjusting the central spring (operating in compression).
  • This mixed technique offers increased sensitivity of the adjustment by minimizing the stiffness of said central spring.
  • one of the characteristics of the present invention is essentially the fact of having at least one pair of blades, certain elements of one blade being connected to the elements of the other blade.
  • each spring connects the counterweight attached to a lever at the other end of the other lever attached to the other counterweight as has been specified above.
  • This type of device does not appear in other improvements to wind turbines described in particular in DE 3115202 or in DE 805388 or in FR-A-2817298.
  • the blades are independent of one another and are not linked to each other for example by the presence of a return spring of a blade connected to an element of another blade, or by the presence a flyweight being connected to a flyweight of another blade.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind generator of the type with automatic power regulation, comprising at least one propeller having at least two blades (21), whereby the efficiency of one propeller varies inversely to a variation in the wind energy, from a lower wind speed limit. The torque/speed characteristics of each propeller are determined such that the working point begins to move towards the areas of low aerodynamic efficiency when the wind speed approaches the value at which the generator reaches the maximum, safety-compliant power. The inventive wind generator is characterised in that it also comprises: at least one centrifugal counter weight system (24) which is arranged such as to reduce the pitch of at least one part of the blades when the speed of rotation is increasing; and at least one system comprising an end stop (30) and return (15) or compression (25) means which mechanically define the initial working pitch and the optimum working pitch up to the nominal speed. According to the invention, one part of the blades is pivot mounted to a shaft (23), thereby driving the end of at least one return spring (15) or compression spring (25) by means of at least one arm or lever (22) or similar device, said end maintaining the blade in contact with at least one fixed end stop element (30) defining the initial pitch.

Description

EOLIENNE DE TYPE A AUTOREGULATION DE PUISSANCE POWER SELF-REGULATING WIND TURBINE
Depuis longtemps, l'énergie du vent a été utilisée grâce à des voilures tournantes. On connaît ainsi les moulins à vent munis d'ailes ou de pales, généralement au nombre de quatre; mais ces moulins sont surtout utilisables dans les pays où les vents sont plus ou moins réguliers et soufflant toujours ou presque dans la même direction.Wind energy has been used for a long time thanks to rotary airfoils. There are thus known windmills fitted with wings or blades, generally four in number; but these mills are especially usable in countries where the winds are more or less regular and always blowing in almost the same direction.
De nos jours , on s'intéresse davantage à ce que l'on appelle communément des éoliennes ou encore « aérogénérateurs », dispositifs dans lesquels les pales sont métalliques ou en matériaux composites, donc relativement indéformables. Des éoliennes perfectionnées assurent des rendements convenables avec par exemple un empennage formant dérive et qui assure le maintien de tous les éléments mobiles quelle que soit la direction du vent (par exemple, pales parallèles au sens du vent -position dite « en drapeau »- , pour offrir une prise minimale au vent ou position opposée à la position en drapeau, donc position perpendiculaire au sens du vent, avec ici prise maximale au vent. Lorsqu'une roue motrice est utilisée pour la bonne marche des pales, certains dispositifs prévoient de soustraire cette roue motrice au vent par effacement de celle ci en cas de tempête. Les éoliennes, comme on le sait, peuvent être utilisées pour diverses applications : pompage de l' eau dans les exploitations agricoles , fourniture d'énergie électrique, et également fourniture d' eau chaude en utilisant la chaleur produite lors du freinage des pales lorsqu'il convient de ralentir celles ci pour quelques raisons que ce soient.Nowadays, there is more interest in what is commonly called wind turbines or “wind turbines”, devices in which the blades are metallic or made of composite materials, therefore relatively undeformable. Improved wind turbines ensure adequate yields with, for example, a tail unit forming a drift which ensures the maintenance of all the movable elements whatever the direction of the wind (for example, blades parallel to the direction of the wind - so-called "flag" position), to offer a minimum grip in the wind or position opposite to the feathered position, therefore position perpendicular to the direction of the wind, with here maximum grip in the wind. When a drive wheel is used for the smooth running of the blades, certain devices provide for subtracting this driving wheel in the wind by erasing it in the event of a storm. Wind turbines, as we know, can be used for various applications: pumping water on farms, supplying electrical energy, and also supplying hot water using the heat produced during braking of the blades when it is advisable to slow them down for whatever reasons.
Il est important pour le bon fonctionnement des éoliennes de prévoir divers types de perfectionnements ; en effet, sur les éoliennes à une seule pale ou à plusieurs pales, deux par exemple, comme ces pales ont toutes des grands diamètres, les vitesses de rotations peuvent être très grandes et entraîner ainsi des contraintes difficilement contrôlables. D'où parfois la construction de -turbines à air de diamètre faible de rotor et de grande longueur axiale, placées à la sortie de « convergent » et qui les met à l' abri de contraintes périphériques contraignantes.It is important for the proper functioning of wind turbines to provide for various types of improvements; indeed, on wind turbines with a single blade or with several blades, two for example, as these blades all have large diameters, the rotational speeds can be very large and thus cause constraints that are difficult to control. Hence sometimes the construction of air turbines of small rotor diameter and long axial length, placed at the exit from "converging" and which shelters them from constraining peripheral constraints.
La présente invention concerne ici plus particulièrement le contrôle adéquat de la vitesse de rotation des éoliennes , notamment par vent violent, c'est à dire lorsque l'on récupère le maximum d' énergie mais que l' extrémité des pales devient trop rapide et menace la solidité ou tout au moins l'usure des nombreuses pièces mécaniques de l'ensemble de l' éolienne. De façon plus précise, le dispositif de l'invention concerne le réglage automatique du pas de l'hélice d'une éolienne.The present invention relates more particularly here to the adequate control of the speed of rotation of wind turbines, in particular in strong wind, that is to say when the maximum energy is recovered but the end of the blades becomes too fast and threatens. the strength or at least the wear and tear of the numerous mechanical parts of the entire wind turbine. More specifically, the device of the invention relates to the automatic adjustment of the pitch of the propeller of a wind turbine.
Dans l'art antérieur, les éoliennes incluent Un dispositif de régulation entraîné par l' arbre moteur de l'hélice (dont une tige mobile de régulation est généralement coaxiale à l' arbre moteur (FR-241521 1).In the prior art, wind turbines include a regulation device driven by the propeller motor shaft (of which a movable regulation rod is generally coaxial with the motor shaft (FR-241521 1).
Dans FR-2401331 , on décrit un dispositif de réglage automatique du pas de l'hélice motrice d'une éolienne au moyen de galets ou de tringles engagés dans des rainures formant des cames aménagées dans des plaques portées par chacun des des arbres des pales. Les pales peuvent aussi être actionnées par des « excentriques » commandés contre l' action de ressorts par des masselottes liées en rotation à la roue. On trouve encore dans la littérature des moyens incorporant les « excentriques » commandés par le vent lui-même (FR 241521 1 ) ou par un organe central commandé au moyen de la roue et dont la translation peut-être assurée par exemple à l'aide d'un régulateur de watt (FR 2401331 ) ou encore d'un système vis-écrou sensible à la différence de vitesse entre celle de la roue et celle d'un moteur tournant à une vitesse de référence (FR 2313576) .In FR-2401331, a device is described for automatically adjusting the pitch of the driving propeller of a wind turbine by means of rollers or rods engaged in grooves forming cams arranged in plates carried by each of the shafts of the blades. The blades can also be actuated by "eccentrics" controlled against the action of springs by weights linked in rotation to the wheel. We still find in the literature means incorporating the "eccentrics" controlled by the wind itself (FR 241521 1) or by a central member controlled by means of the wheel and whose translation can be ensured for example using of a watt regulator (FR 2401331) or of a screw-nut system sensitive to the speed difference between that of the wheel and that of a motor running at a reference speed (FR 2313576).
Le dispositif selon l'invention ne permet pas seulement de résoudre le problème des vents violents mais permet également , grâce à un grand pas en l'absence de vent , de faciliter le démarrage de l'hélice , ce pas diminuant ensuite jusqu'à une valeur optima pour s'accroître ensuite si le vent augmente, voire se mettre en drapeau en cas de bourrasques. Des informations de base sur les éoliennes pourront être encore trouvées dans le brevet français FR 2.500.077.The device according to the invention not only makes it possible to solve the problem of strong winds but also makes it possible, thanks to a large step in the absence of wind, to facilitate the starting of the propeller, this step then decreasing to a optimum value to then increase if the wind increases, or even to feather in the event of gusts. Basic information on wind turbines can still be found in French patent FR 2,500,077.
Sans entrer dans les détails, on rappelle brièvement qu'un autre type d' éolienne , comme celle qui fait l'objet de l'invention, est dirigée vers le vent par une dérive ; le mouvement est transmis à la base de l'éolienne par un cardan et un axe qui entraîne des masselottes frottant sur un cylindre.Without going into details, it is briefly recalled that another type of wind turbine, such as that which is the subject of the invention, is directed towards the wind by a drift; the movement is transmitted to the base of the wind turbine by a gimbal and an axis which drives the weights rubbing on a cylinder.
La présente invention concerne la régulation de puissance d'une hélice éolienne couplée à une génératrice en donnant aux pales de cette hélice ( il y a au moins 2 pales, par exemple deux ou quatre ) un tracé tel que le rendement de cette hélice varie en sens inverse de la variation de l'énergie du vent. Pour cela, les caractéristiques « couple-vitesse » de l'hélice sont déterminées de manière que le point de fonctionnement commence à se déplacer vers les zones de faibles rendements aérodynamiques lorsque la vitesse du vent approche de la valeur pour laquelle la génératrice atteint la puissance maximale compatible avec la sécurité comme il est enseigné dans le brevet français N°1.553.046. Dans ce brevet FR- 1553046, l'essentiel de la régulation est acquis sans mouvement des pales entraînant ainsi une plus grande stabilité de la régulation que dans les systèmes à pas variables habituels qui réduisent la puissance par augmentation du calage ; le système décrit dans le brevet français N° 1.553.046 a apporté un perfectionnement important en étant doté d'un système de masselottes centrifuges agencé de façon à réduire le calage d'une partie des pales lorsque la vitesse de rotation a tendance à augmenter, en étant également doté d'un système de butées et de moyens de rappel contre ces butées qui définissent mécaniquement le calage initial et le calage optimum de fonctionnement jusqu'à la vitesse nominale. Généralement la pale est pivotante autour d'un axe et entraîne, par l'intermédiaire par exemple d'un bras, l'extrémité d'un ressort de rappel qui tend à maintenir la pale en contact avec une butée fixe qui définit le calage initial. Le brevet français N° 1 .553.046 décrit un certain type de montage du ressort, montage qui tout en étant très correct , n'a pas les avantages de la présente invention , incorporant également un système de masselottes et de bras mais avec une disposition originale d' au moins un ressort.The present invention relates to the power regulation of a wind propeller coupled to a generator by giving the blades of this propeller (there are at least 2 blades, for example two or four) a layout such that the efficiency of this propeller varies in opposite direction of the variation of the wind energy. For this, the “torque-speed” characteristics of the propeller are determined so that the operating point begins to move towards areas of low aerodynamic efficiency when the wind speed approaches the value for which the generator reaches power. maximum compatible with safety as taught in French patent N ° 1,553,046. In this patent FR-1553046, most of the regulation is acquired without movement of the blades, thus resulting in greater regulation stability than in the usual variable pitch systems which reduce the power by increasing the pitch; the system described in French patent No. 1,553,046 has brought an important improvement by being provided with a system of centrifugal weights arranged so as to reduce the stalling of part of the blades when the rotation speed tends to increase, by also being provided with a system of stops and return means against these stops which mechanically define the initial setting and the optimum operating setting up to the nominal speed. Generally the blade is pivotable about an axis and drives, for example by means of an arm, the end of a return spring which tends to keep the blade in contact with a fixed stop which defines the initial setting. . The French patent N ° 1 .553.046 describes a certain type of spring assembly, assembly which, while being very correct, does not have the advantages of the present invention, also incorporating a system of weights and arms but with an original arrangement of 'at least one spring.
D'une façon générale la pale ou une partie de cette pale, peut constituer le système de masselotte centrifuge. On peut aussi envisager de monter la masselotte à l'extrémité d'un bras solidaire de la pale --, ou partie de pale. Le bras portant la masselotte et le bras d' accrochage du ressort peuvent alors former un seul et même levier coudé.In general, the blade, or a part of this blade, can constitute the centrifugal flyweight system. One can also consider mounting the counterweight at the end of an arm secured to the blade -, or part of the blade. The arm carrying the counterweight and the hooking arm of the spring can then form a single bent lever.
Une variante prévoît une pale, ou partie de pale, solidaire d'un talon agencé pour entraîner l' extrémité mobile d'un second ressort , extrémité retenue par une seconde butée fixe, quand la pale ou partie de pale a tourné d'un certain angle. Ici, la première butée correspond à un calage initial qui assure un couple de démarrage élevé et la seconde butée (butée principale) correspond au calage optimal de fonctionnement jusqu'à la vitesse nominale. Ce second ressort peut être accroché à un bras secondaire qui pivote autour de l'axe de rotation de la pale. Ce ressort ramène ce bras secondaire au contact de la première butée. Eventuellement, ce second ressort est en appui par son extrémité libre sur la seconde butée fixe ; le talon est alors disposé de façon à entraîner directement cette extrémité après la rotation de la pale. Les figures 1 , 2 et 3 sont empruntées au brevet françaisA variant provides for a blade, or part of a blade, integral with a heel arranged to drive the movable end of a second spring, an end retained by a second fixed stop, when the blade or part of the blade has turned by a certain amount. angle. Here, the first stop corresponds to an initial setting which ensures a high starting torque and the second stop (main stop) corresponds to the optimal operating setting up to the nominal speed. This second spring can be attached to a secondary arm which pivots around the axis of rotation of the blade. This spring brings this secondary arm back into contact with the first stop. Optionally, this second spring is supported by its free end on the second fixed stop; the heel is then arranged so as to directly drive this end after the rotation of the blade. Figures 1, 2 and 3 are taken from the French patent
N° 1 .533.046 et illustrent les techniques que la présente invention perfectionne.No. 1 .533.046 and illustrate the techniques which the present invention improves.
La figure 1 représente un élément de pale et les composantes des forces qui résultent de l'action d'un vent W d'angle bêta sur l'élément de pale dont l'angle de calage est alpha ; dP est la portance proportionnelle à l'incidence i qui est la différence entre bêta et alpha ; si l'éolienne est peu chargé, les faibles valeurs de dF correspondent à de faibles valeurs de dP, et par suite à de faibles valeurs de i ; les variations de calage alpha suivent sensiblement celles de l' angle du vent (bêta) ; les variations inévitables d'incidence se traduisent par ses variations importantes des efforts appliqués sur les pales des hélices , d'où une usure importante des mécanismes des variations du pas.FIG. 1 represents a blade element and the components of the forces which result from the action of a wind W of beta angle on the blade element whose setting angle is alpha; dP is the lift proportional to the incidence i which is the difference between beta and alpha; if the wind turbine is lightly loaded, the low values of dF correspond to low values of dP, and consequently to low values of i; the variations of alpha setting substantially follow those of the angle of the wind (beta); the inevitable variations in incidence result in its significant variations in the forces applied to the blades of the propellers, resulting in significant wear of the pitch variation mechanisms.
Dans la figure 2 , la pale 1 est dotée d'un mécanisme de variation de pas constitué par un levier coudé 2 solidaire de la pale et monté pivotant sur l'axe 3 perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la pale. A l'une des extrémités de levier 2, on a fixé une masselotte 4 et à l'autre extrémité , on a accroché un ressort de rappel 5. Une butée 6 détermine le calage initial alpha de la pale.In FIG. 2, the blade 1 is provided with a pitch variation mechanism constituted by a bent lever 2 secured to the blade and mounted to pivot on the axis 3 perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the blade. At one of the lever ends 2, a counterweight 4 was fixed and at the other end, a return spring 5 was hooked. A stop 6 determines the initial setting of the blade alpha.
Dans la figure 3 , outre le levier principal 2, lié à la pale 1 , et rappelé par le ressort 5, il y a un second levier 7 monté sur le même axe 3 que le levier 2 et rappelé par un ressort 8 au contact d'une butéeIn FIG. 3, in addition to the main lever 2, linked to the blade 1, and returned by the spring 5, there is a second lever 7 mounted on the same axis 3 as the lever 2 and returned by a spring 8 in contact with 'stubborn
10. Sur le levier 2, on a fixé un talon 9 disposé de façon à pouvoir entraîner le levier 7 à encontre de l' action du ressort 8, quand le levier 2 a pivoté d'un certain angle. Comme indiqué dans FR 1.553.046 , le ressort 5, assez souple , est le ressort de démarrage et la butée 6 correspond à un calage initial suffisamment grand pour assurer un couple de démarrage élevé. A mi-vitesse, on retrouve le calage alpha correpondant à la butée principale 10 . Ce calage reste constant jusqu'à la vitesse nominale et au delà de laquelle le calage est réduit et le ressort principal 8 précontraint mis en charge. Dans ce brevet français N° 1.553.046, les ressorts utilisés travaillent en traction et les détails de ce brevet sont spécifiquement limités à ces tractions. Dans la présente invention, on a découvert qu'il pouvait être très avantageux, moyennement quelques dispositifs originaux , d'utiliser soit au moins un système à au moins 2 ressorts disposés différemment de la disposition des figures 2 et 3 ( voir figure 4 ) soit encore plus avantageusement au moins un ressort travaillant non pas en traction mais en compression ( voir figure 5 ). Mais selon l'invention , il peut être aussi très intéressant d'utiliser une technique mixte combinant à la fois les dispositifs des figures 4 et 5 cette technique mixte étant illustrée par la figure 6.10. On the lever 2, a heel 9 has been fixed arranged so as to be able to drive the lever 7 against the action of the spring 8, when the lever 2 has pivoted by a certain angle. As indicated in FR 1,553,046, the fairly flexible spring 5 is the starting spring and the stop 6 corresponds to an initial setting sufficiently large to ensure a high starting torque. At half speed, we find the alpha setting corresponding to the main stop 10. This setting remains constant until the nominal speed and beyond which the setting is reduced and the main spring 8 prestressed loaded. In this French patent N ° 1.553.046, the springs used work in traction and the details of this patent are specifically limited to these traction. In the present invention, it has been discovered that it could be very advantageous, moderately some original devices, to use either at least one system with at least 2 springs arranged differently from the arrangement of FIGS. 2 and 3 (see FIG. 4) or even more advantageously at least one spring working not in tension but in compression (see FIG. 5). But according to the invention, it can also be very advantageous to use a mixed technique combining both the devices of FIGS. 4 and 5, this mixed technique being illustrated by FIG. 6.
Il convient en effet de souligner que la régulation s' effectue toujours en régime de décrochement aérodynamique , système dans lequel la résultante dR (voir figure 1 ) varie très peu et la variation de calage nécessaire à cette régulation est très faible. De ce fait, divers impératifs doivent être pris en compte . En effet l' angle de dR avec la perpendiculaire à la corde du profil ne dépasse jamais vers l'avant une valeur voisine d'une dizaine de degrés de sorte qu'il suffit de réduire le calage d'un angle (alpha + 10°) pour être assuré que la composante motrice devienne négative. La régulation n'est finalement pas obtenue par variation de dP mais par variation de l'angle de dR avec le plan de rotation. Bref, grâce au mécanisme selon l'invention, au moins un système de masselotte contrarie la force de rappel du ou des ressorts lorsque la vitesse de rotation tend à augmenter et entraîne une réduction du calage. En outre les dispositifs selon l'invention permettent de prévoir un calage initial très supérieur à alpha pour assurer un couple de démarrage très élevé.It should indeed be emphasized that the regulation is always carried out in an aerodynamic offset regime, a system in which the resulting dR (see FIG. 1) varies very little and the timing variation necessary for this regulation is very small. Therefore, various imperatives must be taken into account. Indeed the angle of dR with the perpendicular to the chord of the profile never exceeds forwards a value close to ten degrees so that it suffices to reduce the setting of an angle (alpha + 10 ° ) to be sure that the motor component becomes negative. Regulation is ultimately not obtained by varying dP but by varying the angle of dR with the plane of rotation. In short, thanks to the mechanism according to the invention, at least one counterweight system counteracts the restoring force of the spring or springs when the speed of rotation tends to increase and results in a reduction of the setting. In addition, the devices according to the invention make it possible to provide an initial setting much greater than alpha to ensure a very high starting torque.
Un autre avantage des dispositifs selon l'invention est d'envisager la régulation , non plus avec la totalité de la pale, mais avec un élément, seulement , par exemple avec les extrémités des pales , aérodynamiquement plus actives. La figure 4 brièvement schématisée représente un premier aspect de l'invention. Elle décrit un dispositif qui comporte au moins deux pales 1 1. Chacune d'elle est solidaire d'un levier coudé 12 ( ou un bras coudé ou tout moyen équivalent), chacun des leviers coudés étant monté pivotant autour d'un axe 13 ( la figure montrant ici un système à deux pales, donc avec 2 axes); ces axes sont perpendiculaires aux axes des rotations des pales. A chacune des extrémités des leviers 12 est fixée une masselotte 14 et à l' autre extrémité de chaque levier 12 est accroché un ressort de rappel 15, chacun des ressorts étant accroché selon l'invention d'une part à une masselotte 14 solidaire d'une des pales et d'autre part à l' extrémité d'un levier 12 solidaire d'une autre pale. Ainsi par exemple sur la figure 4 représentant un système à deux pales, comportant deux leviers , deux masselottes et deux ressorts , les deux ressorts sont en vis-à-vis, chacun étant accroché d'une part à chacune des deux masselottes qui se font face symétriquement par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire aux deux leviers coudés et chacun de ces deux ressorts étant accroché d' autre part à l'extrémité opposée du levier à celle qui relie le ressort à la masselotte, cette extrémité, dite opposée, étant en fait l'extrémité du levier relié à l' autre masselotte. Autrement dit, chaque ressort relie la masselotte accroché à un levier à l' extrémité de l'autre levier accroché à l'autre masselotte. En outre, à chaque levier correspond une butée fixe 20., donc ici au moins deux butées 20 lesquelles déterminent le calage initial alpha de chaque pale. Une flèche F' est l'indication de la direction du vent W et les autres flèches F indiquent l' écartement des masselottes , les flèches f indiquant la remontée des pales. Les leviers s 'abaissent par effet centrifuge appliqué aux masselottes en rotation sous l'effet du vent tandis que les ressorts s'allongent et exercent une traction en sens contraire sur les masselottes, maintenant ainsi le bon fonctionnement de l'éolienne.Another advantage of the devices according to the invention is to envisage regulation, no longer with the entire blade, but with an element, only, for example with the ends of the blades, aerodynamically more active. Figure 4 briefly schematically shows a first aspect of the invention. It describes a device which comprises at least two blades 1 1. Each of them is secured to a bent lever 12 (or a bent arm or any equivalent means), each of the bent levers being pivotally mounted about an axis 13 ( the figure here showing a system with two blades, therefore with 2 axes); these axes are perpendicular to the axes of the rotation of the blades. At each end of the levers 12 is fixed a counterweight 14 and at the other end of each lever 12 is hung a return spring 15, each of the springs being hung according to the invention on the one hand to a counterweight 14 secured to one of the blades and on the other hand to the end of a lever 12 secured to another blade. Thus, for example in FIG. 4 representing a system with two blades, comprising two levers, two weights and two springs, the two springs are opposite, each being hooked on the one hand to each of the two weights which are made face symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to the two bent levers and each of these two springs being hooked on the other hand to the opposite end of the lever to that which connects the spring to the counterweight, this end, called opposite, being in fact the end of the lever connected to the other flyweight. In other words, each spring connects the counterweight attached to a lever at the end of the other lever attached to the other counterweight. In addition, each lever corresponds to a fixed stop 20., therefore here at least two stops 20 which determine the initial setting alpha of each blade. An arrow F 'is the indication of the wind direction W and the other arrows F indicate the spacing of the flyweights, the arrows f indicating the ascent of the blades. The levers are lowered by centrifugal effect applied to the rotating weights under the effect of the wind while the springs lengthen and exert a traction in the opposite direction on the weights, thus maintaining the proper functioning of the wind turbine.
I ci, il y a donc au moins deux pales ( de préférence 2 pales) avec action directe d'une pale sur l'autre avec en outre les deux avantages suivants :Here, there are therefore at least two blades (preferably 2 blades) with direct action from one blade to the other with the following two advantages:
-Stabilisation et amortissement d'une part: il y a en effet un minimum de vibration et de bruit dû à l'effet d' amortissement direct du différentiel d' effort sur les pales et dû au différentiel de vent entre la pale en position haute et la pale en position basse et le passage devant le mat de la pale en position basse. -Absence d'autre part de biellette et de poste d'usure, ce qui est un avantage considérable par rapport aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur.-Stabilization and damping on the one hand: there is indeed a minimum of vibration and noise due to the direct damping effect of the force differential on the blades and due to the wind differential between the blade in the high position and the blade in the low position and the passage in front of the mast of the blade in the low position. - Absence on the other hand of rod and wear station, which is a considerable advantage compared to the devices of the prior art.
La figure 5 représente une deuxième variante de l'invention, à savoir un dispositif fonctionnant à l' aide d'un ressort compressé et non en traction.FIG. 5 represents a second variant of the invention, namely a device operating with the aid of a compressed spring and not in tension.
Sur cette figure 5, le dispositif selon l'invention comporte un jeu d'au moins deux pales 21 (de préférence 2 pales) , solidaires, chacune, d'un levier coudé 22 (ici de préférence deux leviers coudé 22) ; chaque levier coudé est relié à une masselotte telle que 24. Chacun de ces leviers coudés pivote autour d'un axe 23 perpendiculaire au plan des pales ou des leviers coudés.. Selon l'invention, le perfectionnement consiste, non pas à utiliser un ressort relié d'une part à une masselotte et d' autre part à une extrémité de levier coudé , levier autre que celui qui est relié à la masselotte, mais à utiliser un ressort fonctionnant « en compression » et non pas en traction, ce ressort étant relié à sa base à au moins deux butées 30 et ce ressort étant relié à sa partie supérieure à un écrou fixe 26. Dans cette variante de l'invention, lorsque les leviers s' abaissent par effet centrifuge appliqué aux masselottes en rotation sous l'effet du vent, entraînant ainsi les extrémités des leviers coudés vers le haut, le ressort est comprimé et exerce une action en sens contraire sur les masselottes, maintenant ainsi le bon fonctionnement de l'éolienne. Les deux masselottes, sur la figure 5, s'écartent comme indiqué sur la figure (flèches F ) avec remontée des pales (flèches f ) ; les flèches f indiquent le sens de la compression ou décompression . La flèche F' indique la circulation du vent W .In this FIG. 5, the device according to the invention comprises a set of at least two blades 21 (preferably 2 blades), each secured to an angled lever 22 (here preferably two angled levers 22); each bent lever is connected to a counterweight such as 24. Each of these bent levers pivots about an axis 23 perpendicular to the plane of the blades or bent levers. According to the invention, the improvement consists, not in using a spring connected on the one hand to a counterweight and on the other hand to an end of a bent lever, lever other than that which is connected to the counterweight, but to use a spring operating “in compression” and not in traction, this spring being connected to its base with at least two stops 30 and this spring being connected at its upper part to a fixed nut 26. In this variant of the invention, when the levers are lowered by centrifugal effect applied to the counterweights in rotation under the effect of the wind, thus driving the ends of the bent levers upwards, the spring is compressed and exerts an action in the opposite direction on the flyweights, thus maintaining the proper functioning of the wind turbine. The two flyweights, in FIG. 5, move apart as indicated in the figure (arrows F) with the blades rising (arrows f); the arrows f indicate the direction of compression or decompression. The arrow F 'indicates the circulation of the wind W.
Ici, il y a donc calage par ressort compressé qui apporte notamment en outre deux avantages : -D 'une part un effet de stabilisation et d'amortissement, comme position moyenne résultante des efforts exercés par toutes les pales, de par la présence de ce ressort compressé, avec minimum de bruit et de vibration .Here, there is therefore wedging by compressed spring which in particular additionally provides two advantages: -On the one hand, a stabilizing and damping effect, as the average position resulting from the forces exerted by all the blades, due to the presence of this compressed spring, with minimum noise and vibration.
-D 'autre part, absence de biellette et de poste d'usure. On peut ajouter également un troisième avantage non négligeable : le réglage de la vitesse de rotation se fait très aisément par simple variation de la compression initiale ou « à vide »du ressort. La figure 6 représente ce qu'on a appelé plus haut la technique mixte. Cette figure 6 est identique à la figure 5, c'est à dire qu'elle se caractérise par la présence d' au moins un ressort 25 fonctionnant en compression, mais elle comporte en outre au moins deux ressorts 15 identiques à ceux qui sont illustrés sur la figure 4. Ici l'invention combine les avantages des deux figures 4 et 5. La fonction du ressort 25 est en majeure partie une action d'amortissement. La fonction des ressorts 15 est en majeure partie une fonction de stabilisation. L' action combinée des deux types de support se traduit par : Un rôle majeur d'amortissement des ressorts tels que 15. Un rôle majeur de stabilisation en position moyenne de réglage du ressort central (fonctionnant en compression) .-On the other hand, absence of rod and wear station. A third significant advantage can also be added: the adjustment of the speed of rotation is very easily done by simple variation of the initial or “empty” compression of the spring. FIG. 6 represents what has been called above the mixed technique. This FIG. 6 is identical to FIG. 5, that is to say that it is characterized by the presence of at least one spring 25 operating in compression, but it also comprises at least two springs 15 identical to those which are illustrated in Figure 4. Here the invention combines the advantages of the two Figures 4 and 5. The function of the spring 25 is mainly a damping action. The function of the springs 15 is for the most part a stabilization function. The combined action of the two types of support results in: A major role of damping springs such as 15. A major role of stabilization in the middle position for adjusting the central spring (operating in compression).
Cette technique mixte offre une sensibilité accrue du réglage par minimisation de la raideur du dit ressort central.This mixed technique offers increased sensitivity of the adjustment by minimizing the stiffness of said central spring.
On notera donc qu'une des caractéristiques de la présente invention est essentiellement le fait d'avoir au moins un couple de pales, certains éléments d'une pale étant reliés aux éléments de l'autre pale. En particulier, chaque ressort relie la masselotte accrochée à un levier à l'autre extrémité de l'autre levier accroché à l'autre masselotte comme il a été précisé ci-dessus. Ce type de dispositif n'apparaît pas dans d'autres perfectionnements des éoliennes décrits notamment dans DE 3115202 ou dans DE 805388 ou encore dans FR-A-2817298. Dans ces documents, les pales sont indépendantes les une des autres et ne sont pas liées les unes aux autres par exemple par la présence d'un ressort de rappel d'une pale relié à un élément d'une autre pale, ou par la présence d'une masselotte se trouvant reliée à une masselotte d'une autre pale. It will therefore be noted that one of the characteristics of the present invention is essentially the fact of having at least one pair of blades, certain elements of one blade being connected to the elements of the other blade. In particular, each spring connects the counterweight attached to a lever at the other end of the other lever attached to the other counterweight as has been specified above. This type of device does not appear in other improvements to wind turbines described in particular in DE 3115202 or in DE 805388 or in FR-A-2817298. In these documents, the blades are independent of one another and are not linked to each other for example by the presence of a return spring of a blade connected to an element of another blade, or by the presence a flyweight being connected to a flyweight of another blade.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ Eolienne de type à autorégulation de puissance comportant au moins deux pales d'au moins une hélice , le rendement d'une hélice variant en sens inverse de la variation de l'énergie du vent , à partir d'une limite inférieure de la vitesse du vent, les caractéristiques « couple-vitesse » de chaque hélice étant déterminées de manière que le point de fonctionnement commence à se déplacer vers les zones de faible rendements aérodynamiques lorsque la vitesse du vent approche de la valeur pour laquelle la génératrice atteint la puissance maximum compatible avec la sécurité, l'éolienne étant caractérisée en ce qu' elle comporte également au moins un système de masselottes centrifuges agencé de façon à réduire le calage d'au moins une partie des pales lorsque la vitesse de rotation tend à augmenter , au moins un système de butée et de moyens de rappel ou de compression qui définissent mécaniquement le calage initial et le calage optimal de fonctionnement jusqu' à la vitesse nominale, une partie des pales étant montée pivotante autour d'un axe, entraînant ainsi par l'intermédiaire d' au moins un bras ou levier ou dispositif similaire, l'extrémité d'au moins un ressort de rappel ou d'un ressort de compression, tendant à la maintenir en contact avec au moins une butée fixe définissant le calage initial, l'éolienne étant également caractérisée en ce que dans chaque couple de pales, des éléments d'une pale sont reliés à des éléments de l'autre pale.1 / Wind turbine of self-regulating power type comprising at least two blades of at least one propeller, the efficiency of a propeller varying in opposite direction to the variation of the wind energy, from a lower limit of the wind speed, the “torque-speed” characteristics of each propeller being determined so that the operating point begins to move towards areas of low aerodynamic efficiency when the wind speed approaches the value for which the generator reaches power maximum compatible with safety, the wind turbine being characterized in that it also comprises at least one system of centrifugal weights arranged so as to reduce the pitch of at least part of the blades when the speed of rotation tends to increase, at less a stop system and return or compression means which mechanically define the initial setting and the optimal operating setting up to nominal speed, a part of the blades being pivotally mounted about an axis, thus causing, by means of at least one arm or lever or similar device, the end of at least one return spring or a compression spring, tending to keep it in contact with at least one fixed stop defining the initial setting, the wind turbine being also characterized in that in each pair of blades, elements of a blade are connected to elements on the other blade.
2/ Eolienne selon la revendication 1 comportant au moins deux pales, chacune d'elle étant solidaire d'un levier coudé ou bras coudé ou moyen similaire, chaque levier pivotant autour d'un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan contenant le dit levier coudé ( ou plan des pales) et d'une part étant fixé à une première masselotte et d'autre part étant relié à un premier ressort , ce premier ressort, fonctionnant en traction, étant accroché d'une part à la dite première masselotte et d'autre part à l'extrémité d'un autre levier lui même fixé d'une part à une autre masselotte différente de la dite première masselotte et d' autre part à un autre ressort différent du premier ressort et fonctionnant également en traction.2 / A wind turbine according to claim 1 comprising at least two blades, each of them being integral with a bent lever or bent arm or the like, each lever pivoting about an axis substantially perpendicular to the plane containing said bent lever (or plane of the blades) and on the one hand being fixed to a first counterweight and on the other hand being connected to a first spring, this first spring, operating in traction, being hooked on the one hand to said first counterweight and on the other share at the end of another lever itself fixed on the one hand to another counterweight different from the said first counterweight and on the other hand to another spring different from the first spring and also operating in traction.
3/ Eolienne selon la revendication 2 comportant une paire de deux pales, de deux leviers, de deux masselottes et de deux ressorts.3 / A wind turbine according to claim 2 comprising a pair of two blades, two levers, two weights and two springs.
4/ Eolienne selon la revendication 3 dans lequel l'éolienne comporte deux pales 1 1 , chacune d'elles étant solidaire d'un levier coudé 12, le dispositif comportant ainsi 2 leviers coudés 12, chacun des leviers coudés étant monté pivotant autour chacun d'un axe 13, ces 2 axes étant perpendiculaires aux axes des rotations des pale, chacune des extrémités des leviers 12 étant fixée à une masselotte 14, l' autre extrémité de chaque levier 12 étant accroché à un ressort de rappel 15, les 2 ressorts étant accrochés, chacun, d'une part à une masselotte différente 14 et d'autre part à l'extrémité d'un levier 12 , les deux ressorts étant en vis-à-vis, chacun étant donc accroché d'une part à l'une des deux masselottes qui se font face symétriquement par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire aux deux leviers coudés et chacun de ces deux ressorts étant accroché d'autre part à l' extrémité opposée du levier à celle qui relie le ressort à la masselotte, cette extrémité, dite opposée, étant en fait l'extrémité du levier relié à l'autre masselotte, chaque ressort reliant ainsi la masselotte accrochée à un levier à l'extrémité de l' autre levier accroché à l'autre masselotte, le dispositif comportant en outre une butée 20 correspondant à chaque levier , soit deux butées 20, lesquelles déterminent le calage initial alpha de chaque pale, F' étant l'indication de la direction du vent W et les autres flèches F et f indiquant respectivement les mouvements des masselottes et des pales.4 / A wind turbine according to claim 3 wherein the wind turbine comprises two blades 1 1, each of them being integral with a bent lever 12, the device thus comprising 2 bent levers 12, each of the bent levers being pivotally mounted around each of an axis 13, these 2 axes being perpendicular to the axes of the blade rotations, each end of the levers 12 being fixed to a counterweight 14, the other end of each lever 12 being hooked to a return spring 15, the 2 springs being hooked, each, on the one hand to a different counterweight 14 and on the other hand to the end of a lever 12, the two springs being opposite, each therefore being hooked on the one hand to the 'one of the two weights which face each other symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to the two bent levers and each of these two springs being hooked on the other hand to the opposite end of the lever to that which connects the spring to the weight, this ex end, said opposite, being in fact the end of the lever connected to the other counterweight, each spring thus connecting the counterweight attached to a lever at the end of the other lever attached to the other counterweight, the device comprising at in addition to a stop 20 corresponding to each lever, that is to say two stops 20, which determine the initial setting alpha of each blade, F 'being the indication of the wind direction W and the other arrows F and f respectively indicating the movements of the flyweights and blades.
5/ Eolienne selon la revendication 1 comportant un jeu d'au moins deux pales 21 , solidaires, chacune, d'un levier coudé 22 , chaque levier coudé étant relié à une masselotte telle que 24, chacun de ces leviers coudés pivotant autour d'un axe 23, l'éolienne comportant en outre au moins un ressort fonctionnant en compression, ce ressort étant relié d'une part à sa base à au moins deux butées disposées à l'une des extrémités de chacun des leviers et d'autre part à sa partie supérieur à un écrou fixe 26.5 / A wind turbine according to claim 1 comprising a set of at least two blades 21, each secured to a bent lever 22, each bent lever being connected to a counterweight such as 24, each of these bent levers pivoting around an axis 23, the wind turbine comprising at in addition to at least one spring operating in compression, this spring being connected on the one hand to its base to at least two stops arranged at one end of each of the levers and on the other hand to its upper part to a fixed nut 26 .
61 Eolienne selon la revendication 5 comportant 2 pales 21 , deux leviers coudés 22, deux masselottes 24, chaque levier coudé étant relié à une des deux masselottes 24, chacun de ces leviers coudés pivotant autour d'un axe 23,1e dispositif comportant au moins un ressort 25 fonctionnant « en compression », ce ressort étant relié à sa base à au moins deux butées 30 et ce ressort étant relié à sa partie supérieure à un écrou fixe 26, les deux masselottes s'écartant dans le sens de la flèche F, avec mouvement des pales dans le sens des flèches f, f étant le sens de compression et F' le sens du vent W.61 Wind turbine according to claim 5 comprising 2 blades 21, two bent levers 22, two weights 24, each bent lever being connected to one of the two weights 24, each of these bent levers pivoting about an axis 23.1e device comprising at least a spring 25 operating “in compression”, this spring being connected at its base to at least two stops 30 and this spring being connected at its upper part to a fixed nut 26, the two weights moving apart in the direction of the arrow F , with movement of the blades in the direction of the arrows f, f being the direction of compression and F 'the direction of the wind W.
Il Eolienne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 comportant un jeu d' au moins deux pales 21 , solidaires, chacune, d'un levier coudé 22, chaque levier coudé étant relié à une masselotte telle que 24, chacun de ces leviers coudés pivotant autour d'un axe 23, l' éolienne étant caractérisée d'une part en ce qu'elle comporte au moins un ressort fonctionnant en compression, ce ressort étant relié d'une part à sa base à au moins deux butées disposées à l'une des extrémités de chacun des leviers 22 et d' autre part à sa partie supérieur à un écrou fixe 26, l' éolienne étant caractérisée d'autre part en ce qu'elle comporte au moins deux autres ressorts 15, appelés ressorts de rappel, fonctionnant en traction et accrochés, chacun, d'une part à une masselotte et d' autre part à une extrémité d'un levier coudé avec une disposition telle que chacune des extrémités des leviers 22 est fixée à une masselotte 24, l' autre extrémité de chaque levier 22 étant accroché à un des dits ressorts de rappel 15, les 2 ressorts étant accrochés, chacun, d'une part à une masselotte différente 24 et d'autre part à l' extrémité d'un levier 22 , les deux ressorts étant en vis-à-vis, chacun étant donc accroché d'une part à l'une des deux masselottes qui se font face symétriquement par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire aux deux leviers coudés et chacun de ces deux ressorts étant accroché d' autre part à l'extrémité opposée du levier à celle qui relie le ressort à la masselotte, cette extrémité, dite opposée, étant en fait l'extrémité du levier relié à l'autre masselotte, chaque ressort reliant ainsi la masselotte accrochée à un levier à l'extrémité de l'autre levier accroché à l' autre masselotte, l'éolienne comportant en outre au moins une butée 30 correspondant à chaque levier , lesquelles déterminent le calage initial alpha de chaque pale, la flèche F' étant l'indication de la direction du vent W et les autres flèches F et f indiquant respectivement les mouvements des masselottes et des pales.Il Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 6 comprising a set of at least two blades 21, each secured to a bent lever 22, each bent lever being connected to a counterweight such as 24, each of these bent levers pivoting about an axis 23, the wind turbine being characterized on the one hand in that it comprises at least one spring operating in compression, this spring being connected on the one hand to its base with at least two stops arranged at the 'one end of each of the levers 22 and on the other hand at its upper part to a fixed nut 26, the wind turbine being characterized on the other hand in that it comprises at least two other springs 15, called return springs , operating in traction and hooked, each, on the one hand to a counterweight and on the other hand to one end of a bent lever with a provision such that each of the ends of the levers 22 is fixed to a counterweight 24, the other end of each lever 22 being a attached to one of said return springs 15, the 2 springs being hooked, each, on the one hand to a different counterweight 24 and on the other hand to the end of a lever 22, the two springs facing each other -screw, each therefore being hooked on the one hand to one of the two weights which face each other symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to the two bent levers and each of these two springs being hooked on the other hand to the opposite end of the lever to that which connects the spring to the counterweight, this end, called opposite, being in fact the end of the lever connected to the other counterweight, each spring thus connecting the counterweight attached to a lever at the end of the other lever attached to the other counterweight, the wind turbine further comprising at least one stop 30 corresponding to each lever, which determine the initial alpha setting of each blade, the arrow F 'being the indication of the wind direction W and the other arrows F and f respectively indicating the movements of the flyweights and of the blades.
8/ Eolienne selon la revendication 7 comportant 2 pales 21 , deux leviers coudés 22, deux masselottes 24, deux axes 23 et 2 butées 30, chaque levier coudé 22 étant relié à une des deux masselottes 24, chacun de ces leviers coudés pivotant autour d'un des dits axes 23, l'éolienne comportant au moins un ressort 25 fonctionnant « en compression », ce ressort étant relié à sa base à au moins les deux butées 30 et ce ressort étant relié à sa partie supérieure à un écrou fixe 26, les deux masselottes s' écartant dans le sens de la flèche F, avec mouvement des pales dans le sens des flèches f, l'éolienne comportant également deux ressorts de rappel 15, chacun d' eux étant fixé d'une part à l'extrémité d'un des deux leviers 23 et d' autre part à une masselotte 24 accrochée à l'autre levier. 8 / A wind turbine according to claim 7 comprising 2 blades 21, two bent levers 22, two weights 24, two axes 23 and 2 stops 30, each bent lever 22 being connected to one of the two weights 24, each of these bent levers pivoting around 'one of said axes 23, the wind turbine comprising at least one spring 25 operating "in compression", this spring being connected at its base to at least the two stops 30 and this spring being connected at its upper part to a fixed nut 26 , the two flyweights spreading in the direction of arrow F, with movement of the blades in the direction of arrows f, the wind turbine also comprising two return springs 15, each of them being fixed on the one hand to the end of one of the two levers 23 and on the other hand to a counterweight 24 attached to the other lever.
EP03814488A 2002-12-31 2003-12-23 Wind generator of the type with automatic power regulation Withdrawn EP1588050A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0216930 2002-12-31
FR0216930A FR2849475B1 (en) 2002-12-31 2002-12-31 SELF-REGULATING WINDING MACHINE FOR SETTING THE PROPELLER'S PITCH BY A DEVICE FOR CENTRIFUGAL MASSELOTS, STOPS AND MEANS FOR REMINDER OR COMPRESSION
PCT/FR2003/003888 WO2004061301A1 (en) 2002-12-31 2003-12-23 Wind generator of the type with automatic power regulation

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EP1588050A1 true EP1588050A1 (en) 2005-10-26

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US (1) US7198469B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1588050A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003303569A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2512228A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2849475B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2003106378A (en)
WO (1) WO2004061301A1 (en)

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FR2849475A1 (en) 2004-07-02
FR2849475B1 (en) 2005-07-08
WO2004061301A1 (en) 2004-07-22
US7198469B2 (en) 2007-04-03
RU2003106378A (en) 2004-09-20
AU2003303569A1 (en) 2004-07-29
CA2512228A1 (en) 2004-07-22
US20060171810A1 (en) 2006-08-03

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