EP1574680A1 - Exhaust gas purification system for the combustion engine of an automotive vehicle and exhaust line comprising such a system - Google Patents
Exhaust gas purification system for the combustion engine of an automotive vehicle and exhaust line comprising such a system Download PDFInfo
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- EP1574680A1 EP1574680A1 EP05290523A EP05290523A EP1574680A1 EP 1574680 A1 EP1574680 A1 EP 1574680A1 EP 05290523 A EP05290523 A EP 05290523A EP 05290523 A EP05290523 A EP 05290523A EP 1574680 A1 EP1574680 A1 EP 1574680A1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas purification system exhaust system of a motor vehicle engine and a line exhaust system comprising such a system.
- the invention relates to such a system, of the type comprising a gas purifying member disposed in a line exhaust system associated with the engine and having gas inlet channels to purify, having an open front end and a closed rear end, and purified gas outlet channels having a closed front end and an open back end.
- Pollutants resulting from the combustion of a diesel or gasoline engine are mainly unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (monoxide Nitrogen Nitrogen and Nitrogen Dioxide NO2), carbon oxides (carbon monoxide CO and carbon dioxide CO2) and, in the case of diesel engines and gasoline direct injection engines, particles.
- the object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems.
- the subject of the invention is a gas purification system of a motor vehicle engine, of the type comprising a gas purification unit disposed in an exhaust line associated with the engine and having gas inlet channels to be purified, having an open front end and a closed rear end, and channels purified gas outlet having a closed front end and an end backward, and associated with oxidation catalyst means and plasma discharge generator means for regeneration assistance of the purification unit, characterized in that the catalyst means are in the form of a layer of catalytic impregnating material, deposited on the open front end side of the inlet channels, and the means forming a plasma discharge generator are in the form of electrodes disposed on the closed rear end side of these channels input, embedded in a layer of dielectric barrier material and connected to a source of electrical power supply.
- the invention also relates to a line exhaust system comprising such a system.
- the present invention therefore proposes to focus on the phenomena soot storage and distribution of the soot in the filter so to optimize the last concept presented previously. Indeed, the gas flows imposed by the operation of the engine lead to a distribution of the soot bed quite fine on the upstream part of the filter inlet channels and a bed of soot that thickens as the gas flow evolves towards the bottom of the canals. After several hours of engine operation, the vast majority soot forms a compact bed in the bottom of the channels.
- any system that can oxidize the soot bed compact located in the bottom of the inlet channels of the filter leads to regeneration compatible with the constraints of a vehicle application.
- the solution proposed by this invention is a plasma concept for performing this step.
- support catalytic is impregnated on the upstream part of the corresponding input channels to the formation area a finer soot bed. It is recognized that the difficulty encountered in the case of catalysed filters is the spread of combustion through the bed of soot.
- the catalytic support is located in a favorable area for the oxidation of soot. The coupling of these two approaches leads to a compact invention to achieve regeneration total soot accumulated in a particulate filter.
- the present invention therefore consists in proposing an architecture of plasma reactor for treating the bed of particles accumulated in the channels of a filter by proceeding catalytically on the front part of the channels input when the soot bed is thin and regenerating via plasma discharges the bottom part of these same input channels when the soot bed becomes compact and thick.
- the principle of plasma is to generate metastable species, radicals and very reactive ions by collision between the constituent molecules the exhaust gases and the energy electrons produced by landfills electric, and this without raising the temperature of the reaction medium.
- Metastable species, radicals and highly energetic electrons products are promoters of chemical oxidation in a gas exhaust containing an excess of oxygen, such as particles of soot, by direct interaction of these species with very short lifespans with pollutants.
- the catalytic support makes it possible to ensure the oxidation of the particles of soot through activated oxidation reactions via metals, in particular precious metals dispersed in a catalytic material itself impregnated on the walls of the filter.
- This system can be considered in the precise case of this concept because the soot bed deposited on the catalytic support is end on the input part of the filter and therefore the propagation of the combustion does not will not be a limiting parameter as was found in the case of particles catalyzed.
- the invention relates to to a system for purifying the exhaust gases of a combustion engine motor vehicle.
- This system comprises a gas purification unit disposed in an exhaust line associated with the engine and having channels the gases to be purified and the outlet channels of the purified gases.
- an input channel of FIGS. gas to be purified by general reference 1 an input channel of FIGS. gas to be purified by general reference 1
- a gas outlet channel purified designated by general reference 2.
- the purification unit comprises such channels arranged in rows and columns of successive input and output channels.
- Each input channel designated by general reference 1 presents an open front end and a closed rear end, for example, to using a cement plug designated by the general reference 3.
- each output channel has one end before closed for example by a cement plug, designated by the reference 4 and an open rear end.
- the exhaust gases are therefore circulated between the input channels and the output channels, through the filter media which is then required to trap the particles contained in these gases.
- the means forming catalyst are in the form of a layer of impregnating material catalytic converter, deposited on the side of the open front end of the inlet channels, this layer being designated for example by the general reference 5a.
- the means forming a plasma discharge generator are presented in the form of electrodes designated by general references 6 and 7 in this figure, which are arranged on the closed rear end side of these inlet channels and are embedded in a layer of barrier material 5b, and connected to a source of electrical power supply boarded the vehicle.
- one of these electrodes may correspond to an anode connected to the high voltage terminal of the source, while the other electrode can match to a cathode connected for example to ground.
- the electrodes of the generator means of plasma discharges and the layer of dielectric barrier material extend along the inlet channels of the purification member, and this on less than a third of the length of these.
- the catalytic impregnation can then extend over a maximum of two third of the length of the canal.
- the electrodes are adapted to pass through the closure means 3 of the corresponding rear end of the inlet channel, and to extend towards the layer of material forming dielectric barrier 5b.
- Electrodes are then embedded in this layer of material 5b, to keep them in position.
- the dielectric barrier material 5b may be formed of a material catalytic impregnation without metals.
- a zone deposition technique of this material can then be used to deposit these layers on the channels.
- the thickness of the layer of material forming dielectric barrier is less than or equal to that of the layer of material Catalytic.
- This layer of catalytic material may then comprise metals, such as for example precious metals.
- each input channel can be equipped with such electrodes as shown in Figure 2.
- the electrodes i.e. cathode and anode, are arranged in opposite corners of these.
- the corresponding electrodes of the channels of the rows stacked on top of each other are placed respectively in the upper or lower corners, and left or right, so that the electrodes two rows of stacked rows are the closest to each other. others, to facilitate their connection to the power supply
- the anodes for example 13 of the row 9 of channels, are placed in the lower right corner of these, while the anodes, for example 14, of the row of channels 10, are placed in the upper right corner of these, which also facilitates their connection.
- the rear part of the filter is associated with the means forming plasma discharge generator.
- the electrodes of these means are held in position on the one hand, due to the fact that they pass through the end cap of the rear end input channels and secondly that their front end is embedded in the layer of dielectric barrier material.
- each input channel may contain a or several electrodes of each type.
- Electrodes are, as previously indicated, connected electrically to a source of power supply.
- This power supply is of the type for example impulse, to a frequency ranging from one-shot to several tens of KHz for a high voltage applied, for example several tens of KV and low intensity and short duration.
- an additive to aid the regeneration of the filter can also be mixed with fuel to facilitate the spread of the burning with soot.
- the power supply for triggering operation means for generating plasma discharges may be sinusoidal type or continue.
- the impregnating material deposited on the front part of the channels inlet of the filter can be a catalyst for oxidation of soot.
- soot can also allow the oxidation of soot and the depollution of hydrocarbons and CO. It can also be coupled to a reduction function nitrogen oxides.
- the regeneration of the particulate filter can also be ensured without implementing a post-fuel injection strategy in the engine cylinders during their relaxation phase, which improves the performance in terms of fuel consumption of it.
- the layer 5a of impregnation material deposited on the input channels can have a homogeneous charge or not ("zoning"), for example with a lower metal load on the entrance part of the channels and more important on the back part of this layer of catalytic material, to meet a need for regeneration efficiency of the deposited soot on this one, this bed being finer on the entry of the channels than on the end of the layer.
- zoning homogeneous charge or not
- Such a treatment system can also be supplemented by a system for the treatment of gaseous pollutants emitted by the combustion engine internal.
- the catalytic impregnation on the front face of the inlet channels allows the combustion of soot while impregnation of the entire surface exit channels can help control HC and CO emissions (oxidative type catalytic formulation), and NOx reduction (formulation catalytic reductive type).
- the distribution of metals in the coating can also be homogeneous or not ("zoning"), the most close to the output of the outlet channels being the most loaded with metals.
- the purification member may comprise a filtering material produced in the form of a ceramic based on silicon carbide, silicon nitride, mullite, and preferably, for example, cordierite.
- the input channels and the channels output of the purification member are square section.
- the electrodes are advantageously made of stainless material, the anode forming electrodes being intended to be brought to the positive potential and the cathode electrodes being intended to be connected to ground.
- the anode forming electrodes can then be connected to a generator of high voltage pulses as has been described.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un système de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique de véhicule automobile et une ligne d'échappement comportant un tel système.The present invention relates to a gas purification system exhaust system of a motor vehicle engine and a line exhaust system comprising such a system.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention se rapporte à un tel système, du type comportant un organe de purification des gaz, disposé dans une ligne d'échappement associée au moteur et comportant des canaux d'entrée des gaz à purifier, présentant une extrémité avant ouverte et une extrémité arrière fermée, et des canaux de sortie des gaz purifiés, présentant une extrémité avant fermée et une extrémité arrière ouverte.More particularly, the invention relates to such a system, of the type comprising a gas purifying member disposed in a line exhaust system associated with the engine and having gas inlet channels to purify, having an open front end and a closed rear end, and purified gas outlet channels having a closed front end and an open back end.
Les polluants issus de la combustion d'un moteur Diesel ou essence sont majoritairement les hydrocarbures imbrûlés, les oxydes d'azote (monoxyde d'azote NO et dioxyde d'azote NO2), les oxydes de carbone (monoxyde de carbone CO et dioxyde de carbone CO2) et, dans le cas des moteurs Diesel et des moteurs à injection directe essence, les particules.Pollutants resulting from the combustion of a diesel or gasoline engine are mainly unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (monoxide Nitrogen Nitrogen and Nitrogen Dioxide NO2), carbon oxides (carbon monoxide CO and carbon dioxide CO2) and, in the case of diesel engines and gasoline direct injection engines, particles.
Afin de respecter les normes environnementales internationales, la maítrise des émissions de HC, de CO, de NOx et des particules, est impérative et des technologies de post-traitement sont indispensables.In order to comply with international environmental standards, control of HC, CO, NOx and particulate emissions, is imperative and post-processing technologies are essential.
Différentes solutions technologiques ont été développées et évaluées pour réduire les niveaux de pollution des moteurs à combustion interne.Different technological solutions have been developed and evaluated to reduce the pollution levels of internal combustion engines.
Le traitement des particules issues des moteurs Diesel est possible grâce à l'introduction dans la ligne d'échappement de ces moteurs d'un filtre à particules par exemple. Ces filtres sont conçus pour piéger les particules de suie contenues dans les gaz d'échappement au cours de leur écoulement dans la ligne d'échappement et nécessitent une phase de combustion pour éviter un encrassement dommageable pour le moteur et le véhicule.The treatment of particles from diesel engines is possible thanks to the introduction into the exhaust line of these engines a filter to particles for example. These filters are designed to trap soot particles contained in the exhaust gases during their flow in the line exhaust and require a combustion phase to prevent fouling damaging to the engine and the vehicle.
Différentes stratégies de régénération ont déjà été envisagées, comme
par exemple :
Une alternative pour réaliser cette étape de combustion des suies
consiste à utiliser des décharges plasma pour oxyder les particules. Plusieurs
approches ont déjà été présentées, notamment :
On pourra par exemple se reporter aux documents FR-A-2 830 566 et FR-A-2 830 275.For example, reference may be made to documents FR-A-2 830 566 and FR-A-2,830,275.
Le but de l'invention est donc de résoudre ces problèmes.The object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un système de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique de véhicule automobile, du type comportant un organe de purification des gaz, disposé dans une ligne d'échappement associée au moteur et comportant des canaux d'entrée de gaz à purifier, présentant une extrémité avant ouverte et une extrémité arrière fermée, et des canaux de sortie des gaz purifiés présentant une extrémité avant fermée et une extrémité arrière ouverte, et associés à des moyens formant catalyseur d'oxydation et à des moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma, pour l'aide à la régénération de l'organe de purification, caractérisé en ce que les moyens formant catalyseur se présentent sous la forme d'une couche de matériau d'imprégnation catalytique, déposée du côté de l'extrémité avant ouverte des canaux d'entrée, et les moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma se présentent sous la forme d'électrodes disposées du côté de l'extrémité arrière fermée de ces canaux d'entrée, noyées dans une couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique et raccordées à une source d'alimentation en énergie électrique.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a gas purification system of a motor vehicle engine, of the type comprising a gas purification unit disposed in an exhaust line associated with the engine and having gas inlet channels to be purified, having an open front end and a closed rear end, and channels purified gas outlet having a closed front end and an end backward, and associated with oxidation catalyst means and plasma discharge generator means for regeneration assistance of the purification unit, characterized in that the catalyst means are in the form of a layer of catalytic impregnating material, deposited on the open front end side of the inlet channels, and the means forming a plasma discharge generator are in the form of electrodes disposed on the closed rear end side of these channels input, embedded in a layer of dielectric barrier material and connected to a source of electrical power supply.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques :
- les électrodes des moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma et la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique s'étendent le long des canaux d'entrée sur au moins un tiers de la longueur de ceux-ci et la couche de revêtement catalytique s'étend sur le reste de la longueur de ces canaux ;
- les électrodes sont adaptées pour traverser l'extrémité obturée du canal d'entrée ;
- les électrodes sont formées d'au moins une cathode et une anode dans chaque canal d'entrée ;
- l'organe de purification comporte plusieurs rangées empilées de canaux d'entrée et de sortie successifs et de section carrée, et les électrodes des canaux d'entrée, sont placées dans des coins opposés de chaque canal d'entrée, respectivement, en haut ou en bas, et à gauche ou à droite du canal, de manière que les électrodes correspondantes de deux rangées empilées, soient les plus proches les unes des autres ;
- l'organe de purification est un filtre à particules ;
- les canaux de sortie sont revêtus sur toute leur longueur d'une couche d'imprégnation catalytique ;
- le matériau formant barrière diélectrique est formé d'un matériau d'imprégnation catalytique sans métaux ; et
- l'épaisseur de la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique est inférieure ou égale à celle de la couche de matériau catalytique.
- the electrodes of the plasma discharge generator means and the layer of dielectric barrier material extend along the inlet channels for at least one third of the length thereof and the catalytic coating layer extends over the remainder of the length of these channels;
- the electrodes are adapted to pass through the closed end of the inlet channel;
- the electrodes are formed of at least one cathode and an anode in each input channel;
- the purification unit comprises several stacked rows of successive input and output channels of square section, and the electrodes of the input channels, are placed in opposite corners of each input channel, respectively, at the top or bottom, and left or right of the channel, so that the corresponding electrodes of two rows stacked, are closest to each other;
- the purification member is a particulate filter;
- the outlet channels are coated throughout their length with a catalytic impregnation layer;
- the dielectric barrier material is formed of a metal-free catalytic impregnating material; and
- the thickness of the dielectric barrier material layer is less than or equal to that of the catalytic material layer.
Selon un autre aspect, l'invention a également pour objet une ligne d'échappement comportant un tel système.According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a line exhaust system comprising such a system.
La présente invention propose donc de se focaliser sur les phénomènes de stockage des suies et de distribution de celles-ci dans le filtre afin d'optimiser le dernier concept présenté précédemment. En effet, les débits gazeux imposés par le fonctionnement du moteur conduisent à une distribution du lit de suies assez fin sur la partie amont des canaux d'entrée du filtre et un lit de suies qui s'épaissit au fur et à mesure que le flux gazeux évolue vers le fond des canaux. Après plusieurs heures de fonctionnement du moteur, la très grande majorité des suies forme un lit compact dans le fond des canaux.The present invention therefore proposes to focus on the phenomena soot storage and distribution of the soot in the filter so to optimize the last concept presented previously. Indeed, the gas flows imposed by the operation of the engine lead to a distribution of the soot bed quite fine on the upstream part of the filter inlet channels and a bed of soot that thickens as the gas flow evolves towards the bottom of the canals. After several hours of engine operation, the vast majority soot forms a compact bed in the bottom of the channels.
Dans ces conditions, tout système qui permet d'oxyder le lit de suies compact localisé dans le fond des canaux d'entrée du filtre conduit à une régénération compatible avec les contraintes d'une application sur véhicule. La solution proposée par cette invention est un concept plasma pour réaliser cette étape. Pour compléter le phénomène de combustion et proposer un système avec une efficacité de régénération proche de la stratégie avec un filtre additivé, un support catalytique est imprégné sur la partie amont des canaux d'entrée correspondant à la zone de formation d'un lit de suies plus fin. Il est reconnu que la difficulté rencontrée dans le cas des filtres catalysés est la propagation de la combustion au travers du lit de suies. Dans le cadre de l'invention, le support catalytique est localisé dans une zone favorable pour l'oxydation des suies. Le couplage de ces deux approches conduit à une invention compacte pour atteindre une régénération totale des suies accumulées dans un filtre à particules.Under these conditions, any system that can oxidize the soot bed compact located in the bottom of the inlet channels of the filter leads to regeneration compatible with the constraints of a vehicle application. The solution proposed by this invention is a plasma concept for performing this step. To complete the combustion phenomenon and propose a system with a regeneration efficiency close to the strategy with an additive filter, support catalytic is impregnated on the upstream part of the corresponding input channels to the formation area a finer soot bed. It is recognized that the difficulty encountered in the case of catalysed filters is the spread of combustion through the bed of soot. In the context of the invention, the catalytic support is located in a favorable area for the oxidation of soot. The coupling of these two approaches leads to a compact invention to achieve regeneration total soot accumulated in a particulate filter.
La présente invention consiste donc à proposer une architecture de réacteur plasma permettant de traiter le lit de particules accumulées dans les canaux d'entrée d'un filtre en procédant catalytiquement sur la partie avant des canaux d'entrée lorsque le lit de suies est fin et en régénérant par l'intermédiaire des décharges plasma la partie de fond de ces mêmes canaux d'entrée lorsque le lit de suie devient compact et épais.The present invention therefore consists in proposing an architecture of plasma reactor for treating the bed of particles accumulated in the channels of a filter by proceeding catalytically on the front part of the channels input when the soot bed is thin and regenerating via plasma discharges the bottom part of these same input channels when the soot bed becomes compact and thick.
Le principe du plasma consiste à générer des espèces métastables, des radicaux et des ions très réactifs par collision entre les molécules constituant les gaz d'échappement et les électrons énergétiques produits par les décharges électriques, et ceci sans élévation de la température du milieu réactionnel.The principle of plasma is to generate metastable species, radicals and very reactive ions by collision between the constituent molecules the exhaust gases and the energy electrons produced by landfills electric, and this without raising the temperature of the reaction medium.
Les caractéristiques physiques des décharges électriques varient selon l'application visée, les consommations et les niveaux de conversions nécessaires pour les applications sur moteur, notamment de véhicules automobiles (fréquence, tension et intensité variables).The physical characteristics of electric shocks vary according to the intended application, consumptions and conversion levels needed for engine applications including motor vehicles (variable frequency, voltage and intensity).
Les espèces métastables, radicaux et électrons fortement énergétiques produits sont des agents promoteurs de l'oxydation chimique dans un gaz d'échappement contenant un excès d'oxygène, comme par exemple les particules de suie, par interaction directe de ces espèces à durée de vie très courte avec les polluants.Metastable species, radicals and highly energetic electrons products are promoters of chemical oxidation in a gas exhaust containing an excess of oxygen, such as particles of soot, by direct interaction of these species with very short lifespans with pollutants.
Le support catalytique permet quant à lui d'assurer l'oxydation des particules de suie grâce à des réactions d'oxydation activées par l'intermédiaire de métaux, notamment de métaux précieux dispersés dans un matériau catalytique lui-même imprégné sur les parois du filtre. Ce système peut être envisagé dans le cas précis de ce concept car le lit de suies déposé sur le support catalytique est fin sur la partie d'entrée du filtre et donc la propagation de la combustion ne sera pas un paramètre limitant comme cela a été constaté dans le cas du filtre à particules catalysé. The catalytic support makes it possible to ensure the oxidation of the particles of soot through activated oxidation reactions via metals, in particular precious metals dispersed in a catalytic material itself impregnated on the walls of the filter. This system can be considered in the precise case of this concept because the soot bed deposited on the catalytic support is end on the input part of the filter and therefore the propagation of the combustion does not will not be a limiting parameter as was found in the case of particles catalyzed.
La configuration préférentielle de cette architecture du réacteur de traitement
des particules de suie est décrite de la manière suivante :
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :
- la Fig.1 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un canal d'entrée et d'un canal de sortie d'un système de purification selon l'invention ; et
- la Fig.2 représente une vue de face d'un tel système de purification.
- Fig.1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an inlet channel and an outlet channel of a purification system according to the invention; and
- Fig.2 shows a front view of such a purification system.
Ainsi que cela a été mentionné précédemment, l'invention se rapporte à un système de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique de véhicule automobile. As mentioned above, the invention relates to to a system for purifying the exhaust gases of a combustion engine motor vehicle.
Ce système comporte un organe de purification des gaz, disposé dans une ligne d'échappement associée au moteur et qui comporte des canaux d'entrée des gaz à purifier et des canaux de sortie des gaz purifiés.This system comprises a gas purification unit disposed in an exhaust line associated with the engine and having channels the gases to be purified and the outlet channels of the purified gases.
Ainsi par exemple, sur la figure 1, on a illustré un canal d'entrée des
gaz à purifier désigné par la référence générale 1, et un canal de sortie des gaz
purifiés, désigné par la référence générale 2.For example, in FIG. 1, an input channel of FIGS.
gas to be purified by general reference 1, and a gas outlet channel
purified, designated by
En fait, l'organe de purification comporte de tels canaux disposés en rangées et en colonnes de canaux d'entrée et de sortie successifs.In fact, the purification unit comprises such channels arranged in rows and columns of successive input and output channels.
Chaque canal d'entrée désigné par la référence générale 1 présente une extrémité avant ouverte et une extrémité arrière obturée, par exemple, à l'aide d'un bouchon de ciment désigné par la référence générale 3.Each input channel designated by general reference 1 presents an open front end and a closed rear end, for example, to using a cement plug designated by the general reference 3.
De manière opposée, chaque canal de sortie présente une extrémité
avant obturée par exemple par un bouchon de ciment, désigné par la référence
générale 4 et une extrémité arrière ouverte.In contrast, each output channel has one end
before closed for example by a cement plug, designated by the
Dans un tel concept, les gaz d'échappement sont donc amenés à circuler entre les canaux d'entrée et les canaux de sortie, à travers le média filtrant qui est alors amené à piéger les particules contenues dans ces gaz.In such a concept, the exhaust gases are therefore circulated between the input channels and the output channels, through the filter media which is then required to trap the particles contained in these gases.
Comme cela a été indiqué précédemment, un tel organe doit être régénéré régulièrement afin d'assurer une combustion des particules piégées.As previously stated, such an organ needs to be regenerated regularly to ensure combustion of trapped particles.
A cet effet, on peut associer à ce type d'organes, des moyens formant catalyseur d'oxydation et des moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma.For this purpose, one can associate with this type of organs, means forming oxidation catalyst and plasma discharge generator means.
Dans le système de purification selon l'invention, les moyens formant
catalyseur se présentent sous la forme d'une couche de matériau d'imprégnation
catalytique, déposée du côté de l'extrémité avant ouverte des canaux d'entrée,
cette couche étant désignée par exemple par la référence générale 5a.In the purification system according to the invention, the means forming
catalyst are in the form of a layer of impregnating material
catalytic converter, deposited on the side of the open front end of the inlet channels,
this layer being designated for example by the
De plus, les moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma se présentent
sous la forme d'électrodes désignées par les références générales 6 et 7
sur cette figure, qui sont disposées du côté de l'extrémité arrière fermée de ces
canaux d'entrée et sont noyées dans une couche de matériau formant barrière
diélectrique 5b, et raccordées à une source d'alimentation en énergie électrique
embarquée à bord du véhicule.In addition, the means forming a plasma discharge generator are presented
in the form of electrodes designated by
En fait, l'une de ces électrodes peut correspondre à une anode reliée à la borne à haute tension de la source, tandis que l'autre électrode peut correspondre à une cathode raccordée par exemple à la masse. In fact, one of these electrodes may correspond to an anode connected to the high voltage terminal of the source, while the other electrode can match to a cathode connected for example to ground.
On conçoit alors que les électrodes des moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma et la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique s'étendent le long des canaux d'entrée de l'organe de purification, et ce, sur au moins un tiers de la longueur de ceux-ci.It is then conceivable that the electrodes of the generator means of plasma discharges and the layer of dielectric barrier material extend along the inlet channels of the purification member, and this on less than a third of the length of these.
L'imprégnation catalytique peut alors s'étendre sur au maximum deux tiers de la longueur du canal.The catalytic impregnation can then extend over a maximum of two third of the length of the canal.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté, les électrodes sont adaptées
pour traverser les moyens d'obturation 3 de l'extrémité arrière correspondante du
canal d'entrée, et pour s'étendre en direction de la couche de matériau formant
barrière diélectrique 5b.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the electrodes are adapted
to pass through the closure means 3 of the corresponding rear end of the
inlet channel, and to extend towards the layer of material forming
Ces électrodes sont alors noyées dans cette couche de matériau 5b,
pour assurer leur maintien en position.These electrodes are then embedded in this layer of
Ceci permet de garantir un maintien en position de ces électrodes dans les canaux.This makes it possible to guarantee that these electrodes are held in position in the channels.
Le matériau formant barrière diélectrique 5b peut être formé d'un matériau
d'imprégnation catalytique sans métaux.The
Une technique de dépôt par zone de ce matériau peut alors être utilisée pour déposer ces couches sur les canaux.A zone deposition technique of this material can then be used to deposit these layers on the channels.
De préférence également, l'épaisseur de la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique est inférieure ou égale à celle de la couche de matériau catalytique.Also preferably, the thickness of the layer of material forming dielectric barrier is less than or equal to that of the layer of material Catalytic.
Cette couche de matériau catalytique peut alors comporter des métaux, tels que par exemple des métaux précieux.This layer of catalytic material may then comprise metals, such as for example precious metals.
On conçoit alors que chaque canal d'entrée peut être équipé de telles électrodes comme cela est illustré sur la figure 2.It is conceivable then that each input channel can be equipped with such electrodes as shown in Figure 2.
Dans le cas par exemple où les canaux présentent une section carrée, les électrodes, c'est-à-dire cathode et anode, sont disposées dans des coins opposés de ceux-ci.In the case for example where the channels have a square section, the electrodes, i.e. cathode and anode, are arranged in opposite corners of these.
De préférence, les électrodes correspondantes des canaux des rangées empilées les unes sur les autres, sont placées respectivement dans les coins supérieur ou inférieur, et gauche ou droit, de manière que les électrodes correspondantes de deux rangées empilées soient les plus proches les unes des autres, afin de faciliter leur raccordement à la source d'alimentation Preferably, the corresponding electrodes of the channels of the rows stacked on top of each other, are placed respectively in the upper or lower corners, and left or right, so that the electrodes two rows of stacked rows are the closest to each other. others, to facilitate their connection to the power supply
C'est ainsi par exemple, que, si l'on considère les rangées 8, 9 et 10
de canaux, illustrées sur cette figure 2, on peut constater que les cathodes, par
exemple 11, des canaux de la rangée 8, sont placées dans le coin gauche en bas
de ceux-ci, et que les cathodes correspondantes, par exemple 12, des canaux de
la rangée 9, sont placées dans le coin supérieur gauche de celles-ci, de manière
à faciliter leur raccordement.For example, if we consider
De même, les anodes par exemple 13 de la rangée 9 de canaux, sont
placées dans le coin inférieur droit de ceux-ci, tandis que les anodes, par exemple
14, de la rangée de canaux 10, sont placées dans le coin supérieur droit de
ceux-ci, ce qui permet également de faciliter leur raccordement.Similarly, the anodes, for example 13 of the
On conçoit alors qu'une telle disposition des électrodes contre les parois du filtre à particules, leur permet de mieux résister au flux d'écoulement des gaz dans ces canaux, la partie avant de ces canaux, c'est-à-dire la section la première en contact avec les gaz d'échappement, étant recouverte d'un matériau d'imprégnation catalytique, pour déclencher l'oxydation des suies déposées en surface et dans les pores du média filtrant.It is conceivable that such an arrangement of the electrodes against the walls of the particulate filter, allows them to better withstand the flow of gas in these channels, the front part of these channels, ie the section the first in contact with the exhaust gas, being covered with a material catalytic impregnation, to trigger the oxidation of soot deposited in surface and in the pores of the filter media.
La partie arrière du filtre est quant à elle associée aux moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma.The rear part of the filter is associated with the means forming plasma discharge generator.
Les électrodes de ces moyens sont maintenues en position d'une part, en raison du fait qu'elles traversent le bouchon d'obturation de l'extrémité arrière des canaux d'entrée et d'autre part, que leur extrémité avant est noyée dans la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique.The electrodes of these means are held in position on the one hand, due to the fact that they pass through the end cap of the rear end input channels and secondly that their front end is embedded in the layer of dielectric barrier material.
On conçoit bien entendu que chaque canal d'entrée peut contenir une ou plusieurs électrodes de chaque type.It is of course conceivable that each input channel may contain a or several electrodes of each type.
Ces électrodes sont, comme cela a été indiqué précédemment, raccordées électriquement à une source d'alimentation en énergie électrique.These electrodes are, as previously indicated, connected electrically to a source of power supply.
Cette alimentation électrique est de type par exemple impulsionnelle, à une fréquence pouvant aller du monocoup à plusieurs dizaines de KHz pour une forte tension appliquée, jusqu'à par exemple plusieurs dizaines de KV et de faible intensité et de courte durée.This power supply is of the type for example impulse, to a frequency ranging from one-shot to several tens of KHz for a high voltage applied, for example several tens of KV and low intensity and short duration.
On notera par ailleurs qu'un additif d'aide à la régénération du filtre peut également être mélangé au carburant pour faciliter la propagation de la combustion au lit de suies. It will also be noted that an additive to aid the regeneration of the filter can also be mixed with fuel to facilitate the spread of the burning with soot.
L'alimentation électrique permettant le déclenchement du fonctionnement des moyens de génération de décharges plasma, peut être de type sinusoïdale ou continue.The power supply for triggering operation means for generating plasma discharges, may be sinusoidal type or continue.
Le matériau d'imprégnation déposé sur la partie avant des canaux d'entrée du filtre, peut être un catalyseur d'oxydation des suies.The impregnating material deposited on the front part of the channels inlet of the filter, can be a catalyst for oxidation of soot.
Il peut également permettre l'oxydation des suies et la dépollution des hydrocarbures et du CO. Il peut également être couplé à une fonction de réduction des oxydes d'azote.It can also allow the oxidation of soot and the depollution of hydrocarbons and CO. It can also be coupled to a reduction function nitrogen oxides.
On conçoit alors qu'une telle structure permet de résoudre un certain nombre de problèmes de l'état de la technique en optimisant le traitement des suies, c'est-à-dire en partant du constat que le dépôt des suies est plus important au fond du filtre qu'à l'entrée de celui-ci et en utilisant dans cette zone, des moyens de génération de décharges plasma.It is conceivable then that such a structure makes it possible to solve a certain number of problems of the state of the art by optimizing the processing of soot, that is to say starting from the observation that the deposit of soot is more important at the bottom of the filter at the entrance to it and using in this area, means for generating plasma discharges.
Par ailleurs, la régénération du filtre à particules peut également être assurée sans mettre en oeuvre de stratégie de post-injections de carburant dans les cylindres du moteur pendant leur phase de détente, ce qui permet d'améliorer les performances en terme de consommation de carburant de celui-ci.Moreover, the regeneration of the particulate filter can also be ensured without implementing a post-fuel injection strategy in the engine cylinders during their relaxation phase, which improves the performance in terms of fuel consumption of it.
Bien entendu, d'autres modes de réalisation encore peuvent être envisagés.Of course, other embodiments may be envisaged.
Ainsi, par exemple, la couche 5a de matériau d'imprégnation déposée
sur les canaux d'entrée peut avoir une charge homogène ou non (« zoning »),
par exemple avec une charge en métaux plus faible sur la partie d'entrée des
canaux et plus importante sur la partie arrière de cette couche de matériau catalytique,
pour répondre à un besoin d'efficacité de régénération du lit de suie déposé
sur celui-ci, ce lit étant plus fin sur l'entrée des canaux qu'à l'extrémité de la
couche.Thus, for example, the
Un tel système de traitement peut également être complété par un système permettant le traitement de polluants gazeux émis par le moteur à combustion interne.Such a treatment system can also be supplemented by a system for the treatment of gaseous pollutants emitted by the combustion engine internal.
En effet, l'imprégnation catalytique en face avant des canaux d'entrée permet la combustion des suies alors qu'une imprégnation de toute la surface des canaux de sortie peut permettre la maítrise des émissions de HC et de CO (formulation catalytique de type oxydante), et de réduction des NOx (formulation catalytique de type réductrice). Indeed, the catalytic impregnation on the front face of the inlet channels allows the combustion of soot while impregnation of the entire surface exit channels can help control HC and CO emissions (oxidative type catalytic formulation), and NOx reduction (formulation catalytic reductive type).
Dans ce cas également, la répartition des métaux dans la couche de revêtement peut également être homogène ou non (« zoning »), la partie la plus proche de la sortie des canaux de sortie étant la plus chargée en métaux.In this case too, the distribution of metals in the coating can also be homogeneous or not ("zoning"), the most close to the output of the outlet channels being the most loaded with metals.
L'organe de purification peut comporter un matériau filtrant réalisé sous la forme d'une céramique à base de carbure de silicium, de nitrure de silicium, de mullite, et préférentiellement par exemple de cordiérite.The purification member may comprise a filtering material produced in the form of a ceramic based on silicon carbide, silicon nitride, mullite, and preferably, for example, cordierite.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit, les canaux d'entrée et les canaux de sortie de l'organe de purification sont de section carrée.In the exemplary embodiment described, the input channels and the channels output of the purification member are square section.
Bien entendu, d'autres sections peuvent être envisagées comme par exemple, des canaux d'entrée de section hexagonale ou autre.Of course, other sections can be envisaged as per for example, input channels of hexagonal section or other.
Les électrodes sont avantageusement réalisées en matériau inoxydable, les électrodes formant anode, étant destinées à être portées au potentiel positif et les électrodes formant cathode étant destinées à être reliées à la masse.The electrodes are advantageously made of stainless material, the anode forming electrodes being intended to be brought to the positive potential and the cathode electrodes being intended to be connected to ground.
Les électrodes formant anode peuvent alors être reliées à un générateur d'impulsions à haute tension comme cela a été décrit.The anode forming electrodes can then be connected to a generator of high voltage pulses as has been described.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0402550A FR2867510B1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2004-03-11 | EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM OF A MOTOR VEHICLE THERMAL MOTOR AND EXHAUST LINE HAVING SUCH A SYSTEM |
FR0402550 | 2004-03-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1574680A1 true EP1574680A1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
EP1574680B1 EP1574680B1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
Family
ID=34814571
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05290523A Not-in-force EP1574680B1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-03-08 | Exhaust gas purification system for the combustion engine of an automotive vehicle and exhaust line comprising such a system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1574680B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE413519T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005010770D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2867510B1 (en) |
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RU199195U1 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-08-21 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научные развлечения" | PLASMA CONVERTER OF TOXIC GASES |
RU2764684C1 (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-01-19 | ЗАКРЫТОЕ АКЦИОНЕРНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО "ЛАЙТТЕК ПЛЮС" (ЗАО "Лайттек Плюс") | Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4897096A (en) * | 1986-03-15 | 1990-01-30 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg. | System for the regeneration of a particulate filter trap |
US20010017026A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-30 | Bruce Peters | Regenerable particle filter for the removal of soot particles from exhaust gases |
DE10057862C1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-02-07 | Siemens Ag | Carbon particle emission reduction method for diesel engine uses electrical surface discharge for regeneration of particle filter |
FR2830566A1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-11 | Renault | EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE |
FR2836397A1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-08-29 | Renault | Reactor for plasma treatment of gas flow, in particular for treating exhaust gases produced by a vehicle internal combustion engine |
DE10229881A1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-01-15 | Siemens Ag | Plasma particulate filter |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2830275B1 (en) | 2001-10-01 | 2004-06-11 | Renault | EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE |
-
2004
- 2004-03-11 FR FR0402550A patent/FR2867510B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-03-08 EP EP05290523A patent/EP1574680B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-03-08 AT AT05290523T patent/ATE413519T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-08 DE DE602005010770T patent/DE602005010770D1/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4897096A (en) * | 1986-03-15 | 1990-01-30 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg. | System for the regeneration of a particulate filter trap |
US20010017026A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-30 | Bruce Peters | Regenerable particle filter for the removal of soot particles from exhaust gases |
DE10057862C1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-02-07 | Siemens Ag | Carbon particle emission reduction method for diesel engine uses electrical surface discharge for regeneration of particle filter |
FR2830566A1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-11 | Renault | EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE |
FR2836397A1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-08-29 | Renault | Reactor for plasma treatment of gas flow, in particular for treating exhaust gases produced by a vehicle internal combustion engine |
DE10229881A1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-01-15 | Siemens Ag | Plasma particulate filter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2867510A1 (en) | 2005-09-16 |
DE602005010770D1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
EP1574680B1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
FR2867510B1 (en) | 2006-10-20 |
ATE413519T1 (en) | 2008-11-15 |
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