EP1574680B1 - Exhaust gas purification system for the combustion engine of an automotive vehicle and exhaust line comprising such a system - Google Patents

Exhaust gas purification system for the combustion engine of an automotive vehicle and exhaust line comprising such a system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1574680B1
EP1574680B1 EP05290523A EP05290523A EP1574680B1 EP 1574680 B1 EP1574680 B1 EP 1574680B1 EP 05290523 A EP05290523 A EP 05290523A EP 05290523 A EP05290523 A EP 05290523A EP 1574680 B1 EP1574680 B1 EP 1574680B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
layer
electrodes
inlet
ducts
catalytic
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EP05290523A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1574680A1 (en
Inventor
Yvane Lendresse
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for purifying the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle engine and an exhaust line comprising such a system.
  • the invention relates to such a system, of the type comprising a gas purification member disposed in an exhaust line associated with the engine and having gas inlet channels to be purified, having an open front end. and a closed rear end, and purified gas outlet channels, having a closed front end and an open rear end.
  • the pollutants resulting from the combustion of a diesel engine or gasoline are mainly unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO2), carbon oxides (carbon monoxide CO and carbon dioxide). carbon dioxide) and, in the case of diesel engines and petrol direct injection engines, the particles.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems.
  • the subject of the invention is a system for purifying the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle engine, of the type comprising a gas purification unit, arranged in an exhaust line associated with the engine and comprising gas inlet channels to be purified, having an open front end and a closed rear end, and purified gas outlet channels having a closed front end and an open rear end, and associated with oxidation catalyst means and plasma discharge generating means for assisting the regeneration of the purification member, characterized in that the catalyst means is in the form of a layer of catalytic impregnating material deposited from the side of the open front end of the input channels to catalytically proceed on the front portion of the input channels when the soot bed is thin, e the plasma discharge generating means is in the form of electrodes disposed on the closed rear end side of these input channels, embedded in a layer of dielectric barrier material and connected to a power supply source; electrical energy, to regenerate through plasma discharges, the bottom portion of these inlet channels when the soot bed becomes compact and thick.
  • the invention also relates to an exhaust line comprising such a system.
  • the present invention therefore proposes to focus on the soot storage phenomena and distribution thereof in the filter in order to optimize the last concept presented above. Indeed, the gas flow rates imposed by the operation of the motor lead to a fairly fine soot bed distribution on the upstream portion of the filter inlet channels and a bed of soot that thickens as the flow gas evolves towards the bottom of the channels. After several hours of engine operation, the vast majority of soot forms a compact bed in the bottom of the channels.
  • any system that makes it possible to oxidize the compact soot bed located in the bottom of the inlet channels of the filter leads to a regeneration compatible with the constraints of a vehicle application.
  • the solution proposed by this invention is a plasma concept for carrying out this step.
  • a catalytic support is impregnated on the upstream part of the corresponding inlet channels. to the formation area a finer soot bed. It is recognized that the difficulty encountered in the case of catalyzed filters is the propagation of combustion through the soot bed.
  • the catalytic support is located in a favorable zone for the oxidation of soot. The coupling of these two approaches leads to a compact invention to achieve total regeneration of soot accumulated in a particulate filter.
  • the present invention therefore consists in proposing a plasma reactor architecture making it possible to treat the bed of particles accumulated in the inlet channels of a filter by proceeding catalytically on the front part of the inlet channels when the soot bed is thin and regenerating via plasma discharges the bottom portion of these same inlet channels when the soot bed becomes compact and thick.
  • the principle of plasma consists in generating metastable species, radicals and very reactive ions by collision between the molecules constituting the exhaust gas and the energetic electrons produced by the electric discharges, and this without raising the temperature of the reaction medium.
  • the metastable species, radicals and highly energetic electrons produced are promoters of chemical oxidation in an exhaust gas containing an excess of oxygen, for example soot particles, by direct interaction of these species with a lifetime. very short with pollutants.
  • the catalytic support makes it possible to ensure the oxidation of the soot particles by means of oxidation reactions activated by means of metals, especially precious metals dispersed in a catalytic material which is itself impregnated on the walls of the filter. .
  • This system can be considered in the specific case of this concept because the soot bed deposited on the catalytic support is thin on the filter inlet portion and therefore the combustion propagation will not be a limiting parameter as has been found in the case of the catalyzed particulate filter.
  • the invention relates to a system for purifying the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle engine.
  • This system comprises a gas purification unit disposed in an exhaust line associated with the engine and which comprises gas inlet channels to be purified and purified gas outlet channels.
  • an inlet channel of the gases to be purified designated by the general reference 1
  • a purified gas outlet channel designated by the general reference 2.
  • the purification member comprises such channels arranged in rows and columns of successive input and output channels.
  • Each inlet channel designated by the general reference 1 has an open front end and a closed rear end, for example, using a cement plug designated by the general reference 3.
  • each outlet channel has a front end closed for example by a cement plug, designated by the general reference 4 and an open rear end.
  • the exhaust gases are then circulated between the inlet channels and the outlet channels, through the filter media which is then caused to trap the particles contained in these gases.
  • the catalyst means are in the form of a layer of catalytic impregnating material deposited on the open front end side of the inlet channels, this layer being designated by example by the general reference 5a.
  • the plasma discharge generator means are in the form of electrodes designated by the general references 6 and 7 in this figure, which are arranged on the closed rear end side of these input channels and are embedded. in a layer of dielectric barrier material 5b, and connected to a source of electrical energy supply on board the vehicle.
  • one of these electrodes may correspond to an anode connected to the high-voltage terminal of the source, while the other electrode may correspond to a cathode connected for example to ground.
  • the electrodes of the plasma discharge generator means and the layer of dielectric barrier material extend along the inlet channels of the purification member, and this, over at least one third of the length of the them.
  • the catalytic impregnation can then extend over at most two thirds of the length of the channel.
  • the electrodes are adapted to pass through the closure means 3 of the corresponding rear end of the inlet channel, and to extend towards the dielectric barrier material layer 5b.
  • Electrodes are then embedded in this layer of material 5b, to ensure their retention in position.
  • the dielectric barrier material 5b may be formed of a catalytic impregnating material without metals, thus without catalytic activity.
  • a zone deposition technique of this material can then be used to deposit these layers on the channels.
  • the thickness of the dielectric barrier material layer is less than or equal to that of the catalytic material layer.
  • This layer of catalytic material may then comprise metals, such as for example precious metals.
  • each input channel may be equipped with such electrodes as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the electrodes that is to say cathode and anode, are arranged in opposite corners thereof.
  • the corresponding electrodes of the channels of the rows stacked one on the other are respectively placed in the upper or lower corners, and left or right, so that the corresponding electrodes of two stacked rows are closest to each other , to facilitate their connection to the power source
  • the anodes for example 13 of the row 9 of channels, are placed in the lower right corner thereof, while the anodes, for example 14, of the row of channels 10, are placed in the upper right corner. of these, which also facilitates their connection.
  • the rear part of the filter is associated with the means forming a plasma discharge generator.
  • the electrodes of these means are held in position on the one hand, because they pass through the closure cap of the rear end of the inlet channels and on the other hand, that their front end is embedded in the layer of dielectric barrier material.
  • each input channel may contain one or more electrodes of each type.
  • Electrodes are, as previously indicated, electrically connected to a power source.
  • This power supply is for example impulse type, at a frequency ranging from one to several tens of KHz for a high applied voltage, for example several tens of KV and low intensity and short duration.
  • a filter regeneration aid additive can also be mixed with the fuel to facilitate the propagation of combustion in soot bed.
  • the electrical power supply for triggering the operation of the plasma discharge generation means can be of the sinusoidal or continuous type.
  • the impregnating material deposited on the front part of the filter inlet channels may be a soot oxidation catalyst.
  • It can also allow the oxidation of soot and the depollution of hydrocarbons and CO. It can also be coupled to a nitrogen oxide reduction function.
  • the regeneration of the particulate filter can also be ensured without implementing a strategy of post-injections of fuel in the engine cylinders during their expansion phase, which improves the performance in terms of fuel consumption of it.
  • the layer 5a of impregnation material deposited on the inlet channels may have a homogeneous or non-homogeneous charge ("zoning"), for example with a lower metal charge on the inlet part of the channels. and more important on the rear part of this layer of catalytic material, to meet a need for regeneration efficiency of the soot bed deposited thereon, this bed being thinner on the inlet of the channels than on the end of the layer.
  • zoning homogeneous or non-homogeneous charge
  • Such a treatment system can also be completed by a system for the treatment of gaseous pollutants emitted by the internal combustion engine.
  • the catalytic impregnation in the front face of the inlet channels allows soot combustion while impregnation of the entire surface of the outlet channels can allow the control of emissions of HC and CO (catalytic formulation of oxidative type ), and NOx reduction (reductive type catalytic formulation).
  • the distribution of the metals in the coating layer may also be homogeneous or not ("zoning"), the part closest to the outlet of the outlet channels being the most loaded with metals.
  • the purification member may comprise a filter material made in the form of a ceramic based on silicon carbide, silicon nitride, mullite, and preferably for example cordierite.
  • the inlet channels and the outlet channels of the purification member are of square section.
  • the electrodes are advantageously made of stainless material, the anode forming electrodes being intended to be brought to the positive potential and the cathode electrodes being intended to be connected to ground.
  • the anode forming electrodes can then be connected to a high voltage pulse generator as has been described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Automobile engine exhaust gas purification system comprises inlet channels with a open front end and a closed rear end, outlet channels with a closed front end and a open rear end, an oxidation catalyst at the front end of the inlet channels, and a catalyst-regenerating plasma discharge system at the rear end of the inlet channels. Automobile engine exhaust gas purification system comprises inlet channels (1) with a open front end and a closed rear end, outlet channels (2) with a closed front end and a open rear end, an oxidation catalyst (5a) comprising a layer of catalyst-impregnated material at the front end of the inlet channels, and a catalyst-regenerating plasma discharge system comprising electrodes (6, 7) that are embedded in a dielectric barrier (5b) at the rear end of the inlet channels and are connected to an electricity supply. An independent claim is also included for an automobile exhaust train comprising a system as above.

Description

La présente invention concerne un système de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique de véhicule automobile et une ligne d'échappement comportant un tel système.The present invention relates to a system for purifying the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle engine and an exhaust line comprising such a system.

Plus particulièrement, l'invention se rapporte à un tel système, du type comportant un organe de purification des gaz, disposé dans une ligne d'échappement associée au moteur et comportant des canaux d'entrée des gaz à purifier, présentant une extrémité avant ouverte et une extrémité arrière fermée, et des canaux de sortie des gaz purifiés, présentant une extrémité avant fermée et une extrémité arrière ouverte.More particularly, the invention relates to such a system, of the type comprising a gas purification member disposed in an exhaust line associated with the engine and having gas inlet channels to be purified, having an open front end. and a closed rear end, and purified gas outlet channels, having a closed front end and an open rear end.

Les polluants issus de la combustion d'un moteur Diesel ou essence sont majoritairement les hydrocarbures imbrûlés, les oxydes d'azote (monoxyde d'azote NO et dioxyde d'azote NO2), les oxydes de carbone (monoxyde de carbone CO et dioxyde de carbone CO2) et, dans le cas des moteurs Diesel et des moteurs à injection directe essence, les particules.The pollutants resulting from the combustion of a diesel engine or gasoline are mainly unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO2), carbon oxides (carbon monoxide CO and carbon dioxide). carbon dioxide) and, in the case of diesel engines and petrol direct injection engines, the particles.

Afin de respecter les normes environnementales internationales, la maîtrise des émissions de HC, de CO, de NOx et des particules, est impérative et des technologies de post-traitement sont indispensables.In order to comply with international environmental standards, the control of HC, CO, NOx and particulate emissions is imperative and post-treatment technologies are essential.

Différentes solutions technologiques ont été développées et évaluées pour réduire les niveaux de pollution des moteurs à combustion interne.Different technological solutions have been developed and evaluated to reduce the pollution levels of internal combustion engines.

Le traitement des particules issues des moteurs Diesel est possible grâce à l'introduction dans la ligne d'échappement de ces moteurs d'un filtre à particules par exemple. Ces filtres sont conçus pour piéger les particules de suie contenues dans les gaz d'échappement au cours de leur écoulement dans la ligne d'échappement et nécessitent une phase de combustion pour éviter un encrassement dommageable pour le moteur et le véhicule.The treatment of particles from diesel engines is possible thanks to the introduction into the exhaust line of these engines of a particulate filter for example. These filters are designed to trap the soot particles contained in the exhaust gas during their flow in the exhaust line and require a combustion phase to prevent fouling harmful to the engine and the vehicle.

Différentes stratégies de régénération ont déjà été envisagées, comme par exemple :

  1. a) L'ajout d'un composé préférentiellement de type organométallique dans le carburant pour permettre de réduire la température de combustion des particules et de favoriser la propagation du phénomène de combustion dans le lit de suie de par la présence de cet additif dans la structure de chaque particule formée dans la chambre de combustion. Pour adapter ce concept aux conditions de températures rencontrées sur les moteurs fonctionnant en mélange pauvre, notamment sur les moteurs Diesel, l'additivation du carburant doit être couplée à une stratégie de post-injection de carburant dans les cylindres pour créer un exotherme en amont du filtre grâce à l'ajout d'un catalyseur d'oxydation. Les principales difficultés rencontrées par cette stratégie sont liées à la production de cendres, du fait de la présence d'un additif organométallique dans la structure des suies et des additifs présents dans l'huile de lubrification du moteur, conduisant à une maintenance régulière et à une surconsommation en carburant du fait de la post-injection pour atteindre les conditions thermiques de combustion des particules de suie.
  2. b) L'imprégnation des parois du filtre à particules avec un catalyseur d'oxydation permettant d'abaisser la température de combustion des suies et d'assurer un nettoyage des parois du filtre en continu. Les problèmes mis en évidence avec ce concept sont une régénération partielle du filtre du fait de la difficulté à propager le phénomène de combustion au sein du lit de suies et la nécessité d'une stratégie de chauffage des gaz pour éviter d'atteindre la masse limite en suies dommageable pour le système filtrant et le moteur.
  3. c) Le chauffage électrique du média filtrant par introduction de résistances électriques dans les filtres. Cette technologie est assez peu développée, essentiellement en raison du fait de la consommation électrique et donc de la surconsommation en carburant.
Different regeneration strategies have already been considered, such as:
  1. a) The addition of a compound of organometallic type in the fuel to reduce the combustion temperature of the particles and to promote the propagation of the combustion phenomenon in the soot bed by the presence of this additive in the structure of each particle formed in the combustion chamber. To adapt this concept to the temperature conditions encountered on engines operating in lean mixture, in particular on diesel engines, the fuel additive must be coupled with a post-fuel injection strategy in the cylinders to create an exotherm upstream of the filter by adding an oxidation catalyst. The main difficulties encountered by this strategy are related to the production of ash, due to the presence of an organometallic additive in the soot structure and additives present in the engine lubricating oil, leading to regular maintenance and overconsumption of fuel due to post-injection to achieve the thermal combustion conditions of the soot particles.
  2. b) The impregnation of the walls of the particulate filter with an oxidation catalyst to lower the soot combustion temperature and ensure cleaning of the walls of the filter continuously. The problems highlighted with this concept are a partial regeneration of the filter because of the difficulty to propagate the combustion phenomenon within the soot bed and the need for a gas heating strategy to avoid reaching the mass limit. in soot damaging to the filter system and the engine.
  3. c) Electric heating of the filter media by introducing electrical resistances into the filters. This technology is not very developed, mainly because of the fact of the electric consumption and thus of the overconsumption in fuel.

Une alternative pour réaliser cette étape de combustion des suies consiste à utiliser des décharges plasma pour oxyder les particules. Plusieurs approches ont déjà été présentées, notamment :

  1. a) La production de décharges plasma en amont d'un filtre à particules pour produire du NO2 et favoriser la réaction d'oxydation des suies par le NO2 produit par le plasma. Cette technologie se rapproche du concept connu sous le nom de CRT (Continuous Regeneration Technology) en substituant le catalyseur d'oxydation en amont du filtre par un réacteur à ionisation des gaz. La difficulté majeure réside dans la capacité de ce concept à assurer la régénération passive du filtre sur la plage de températures rencontrée sur les applications sur véhicules particuliers à moteur Diesel.
  2. b) La production de décharges plasma directement dans le filtre à particules en localisant les électrodes dans les canaux de sortie des gaz d'échappement. Dans ce concept, le champ créé par les décharges plasma est généré dans un espace exempt de suies et une étape de propagation à travers les parois du filtre est nécessaire afin de générer des phénomènes de combustion des particules.
  3. c) Un dernier concept propose d'induire les décharges directement dans les canaux remplis de suies entre des anodes constituées de fils placés longitudinalement dans les canaux d'entrée du filtre et des cathodes constituées d'une plaque agencée dans au moins un plan sensiblement horizontal à l'extérieur du bloc de traitement. Cependant, ce concept est très délicat à réaliser de par le nombre important d'électrodes à insérer dans le média filtrant et les systèmes de fixation des électrodes, placés en entrée du filtre, engendrent des réductions de capacité de stockage et des pertes de charge importantes pour des systèmes déjà très pénalisants pour des applications sur véhicules.
An alternative for performing this soot combustion step is to use plasma discharges to oxidize the particles. Several approaches have already been presented, including:
  1. a) The production of plasma discharges upstream of a particulate filter to produce NO2 and to promote the soot oxidation reaction by the NO2 produced by the plasma. This technology is close to the concept known as CRT (Continuous Regeneration Technology) by substituting the oxidation catalyst upstream of the filter by a gas ionization reactor. The major difficulty lies in the ability of this concept to ensure the passive regeneration of the filter over the temperature range encountered on applications on passenger cars diesel engine.
  2. b) The production of plasma discharges directly into the particulate filter by locating the electrodes in the exhaust gas outlet channels. In this concept, the field created by the plasma discharges is generated in a space free of soot and a stage of propagation through the walls of the filter are necessary in order to generate combustion phenomena of the particles.
  3. c) A last concept proposes to induce the discharges directly in the channels filled with soot between anodes consisting of son placed longitudinally in the inlet channels of the filter and cathodes constituted by a plate arranged in at least one substantially horizontal plane outside the treatment block. However, this concept is very difficult to achieve due to the large number of electrodes to be inserted in the filter medium and the electrode fixing systems placed at the inlet of the filter, generate reductions in storage capacity and significant pressure drops. for systems already very penalizing for applications on vehicles.

On pourra par exemple se reporter aux documents FR-A-2 830 566 , FR-A-2 830 275 et FR-A-2 836 397 qui décrit un système conforme au préambule de la revendication 1.For example, we can refer to the documents FR-A-2,830,566 , FR-A-2,830,275 and FR-A-2,836,397 which describes a system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Le but de l'invention est donc de résoudre ces problèmes.The object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un système de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique de véhicule automobile, du type comportant un organe de purification des gaz, disposé dans une ligne d'échappement associée au moteur et comportant des canaux d'entrée de gaz à purifier, présentant une extrémité avant ouverte et une extrémité arrière fermée, et des canaux de sortie des gaz purifiés présentant une extrémité avant fermée et une extrémité arrière ouverte, et associés à des moyens formant catalyseur d'oxydation et à des moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma, pour l'aide à la régénération de l'organe de purification, caractérisé en ce que les moyens formant catalyseur se présentent sous la forme d'une couche de matériau d'imprégnation catalytique, déposée du côté de l'extrémité avant ouverte des canaux d'entrée pour procéder catalytiquement sur la partie avant des canaux d'entrée lorsque le lit de suie est fin, et les moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma se présentent sous la forme d'électrodes disposées du côté de l'extrémité arrière fermée de ces canaux d'entrée, noyées dans une couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique et raccordées à une source d'alimentation en énergie électrique, pour régénérer par l'intermédiaire des décharges plasma, la partie de fond de ces canaux d'entrée lorsque le lit de suie devient compact et épais.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a system for purifying the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle engine, of the type comprising a gas purification unit, arranged in an exhaust line associated with the engine and comprising gas inlet channels to be purified, having an open front end and a closed rear end, and purified gas outlet channels having a closed front end and an open rear end, and associated with oxidation catalyst means and plasma discharge generating means for assisting the regeneration of the purification member, characterized in that the catalyst means is in the form of a layer of catalytic impregnating material deposited from the side of the open front end of the input channels to catalytically proceed on the front portion of the input channels when the soot bed is thin, e the plasma discharge generating means is in the form of electrodes disposed on the closed rear end side of these input channels, embedded in a layer of dielectric barrier material and connected to a power supply source; electrical energy, to regenerate through plasma discharges, the bottom portion of these inlet channels when the soot bed becomes compact and thick.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques :

  • les électrodes des moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma et la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique s'étendent le long des canaux d'entrée sur au moins un tiers de la longueur de ceux-ci et la couche de revêtement catalytique s'étend sur le reste de la longueur de ces canaux ;
  • les électrodes sont adaptées pour traverser l'extrémité obturée du canal d'entrée ;
  • les électrodes sont formées d'au moins une cathode et une anode dans chaque canal d'entrée ;
  • l'organe de purification comporte plusieurs rangées empilées de canaux d'entrée et de sortie successifs et de section carrée, et les électrodes des canaux d'entrée, sont placées dans des coins opposés de chaque canal d'entrée, respectivement, en haut ou en bas, et à gauche ou à droite du canal, de manière que les électrodes correspondantes de deux rangées empilées, soient les plus proches les unes des autres ;
  • l'organe de purification est un filtre à particules ;
  • les canaux de sortie sont revêtus sur toute leur longueur d'une couche d'imprégnation catalytique ;
  • le matériau formant barrière diélectrique est formé d'un matériau d'imprégnation catalytique sans métaux ; et
  • l'épaisseur de la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique est inférieure ou égale à celle de la couche de matériau catalytique.
According to other characteristics:
  • the electrodes of the plasma discharge generator means and the layer of dielectric barrier material extend along the inlet channels for at least one third of the length thereof and the catalytic coating layer extends over the remainder of the length of these channels;
  • the electrodes are adapted to pass through the closed end of the inlet channel;
  • the electrodes are formed of at least one cathode and an anode in each input channel;
  • the purification unit comprises several stacked rows of successive input and output channels of square section, and the electrodes of the input channels, are placed in opposite corners of each input channel, respectively, at the top or bottom, and left or right of the channel, so that the corresponding electrodes of two rows stacked, are closest to each other;
  • the purification member is a particulate filter;
  • the outlet channels are coated throughout their length with a catalytic impregnation layer;
  • the dielectric barrier material is formed of a metal-free catalytic impregnating material; and
  • the thickness of the dielectric barrier material layer is less than or equal to that of the catalytic material layer.

Selon un autre aspect, l'invention a également pour objet une ligne d'échappement comportant un tel système.According to another aspect, the invention also relates to an exhaust line comprising such a system.

La présente invention propose donc de se focaliser sur les phénomènes de stockage des suies et de distribution de celles-ci dans le filtre afin d'optimiser le dernier concept présenté précédemment. En effet, les débits gazeux imposés par le fonctionnement du moteur conduisent à une distribution du lit de suies assez fin sur la partie amont des canaux d'entrée du filtre et un lit de suies qui s'épaissit au fur et à mesure que le flux gazeux évolue vers le fond des canaux. Après plusieurs heures de fonctionnement du moteur, la très grande majorité des suies forme un lit compact dans le fond des canaux.The present invention therefore proposes to focus on the soot storage phenomena and distribution thereof in the filter in order to optimize the last concept presented above. Indeed, the gas flow rates imposed by the operation of the motor lead to a fairly fine soot bed distribution on the upstream portion of the filter inlet channels and a bed of soot that thickens as the flow gas evolves towards the bottom of the channels. After several hours of engine operation, the vast majority of soot forms a compact bed in the bottom of the channels.

Dans ces conditions, tout système qui permet d'oxyder le lit de suies compact localisé dans le fond des canaux d'entrée du filtre conduit à une régénération compatible avec les contraintes d'une application sur véhicule. La solution proposée par cette invention est un concept plasma pour réaliser cette étape. Pour compléter le phénomène de combustion et proposer un système avec une efficacité de régénération proche de la stratégie avec un filtre additivé, un support catalytique est imprégné sur la partie amont des canaux d'entrée correspondant à la zone de formation d'un lit de suies plus fin. Il est reconnu que la difficulté rencontrée dans le cas des filtres catalysés est la propagation de la combustion au travers du lit de suies. Dans le cadre de l'invention, le support catalytique est localisé dans une zone favorable pour l'oxydation des suies. Le couplage de ces deux approches conduit à une invention compacte pour atteindre une régénération totale des suies accumulées dans un filtre à particules.Under these conditions, any system that makes it possible to oxidize the compact soot bed located in the bottom of the inlet channels of the filter leads to a regeneration compatible with the constraints of a vehicle application. The solution proposed by this invention is a plasma concept for carrying out this step. To complete the combustion phenomenon and to propose a system with a regeneration efficiency close to the strategy with an additive filter, a catalytic support is impregnated on the upstream part of the corresponding inlet channels. to the formation area a finer soot bed. It is recognized that the difficulty encountered in the case of catalyzed filters is the propagation of combustion through the soot bed. In the context of the invention, the catalytic support is located in a favorable zone for the oxidation of soot. The coupling of these two approaches leads to a compact invention to achieve total regeneration of soot accumulated in a particulate filter.

La présente invention consiste donc à proposer une architecture de réacteur plasma permettant de traiter le lit de particules accumulées dans les canaux d'entrée d'un filtre en procédant catalytiquement sur la partie avant des canaux d'entrée lorsque le lit de suies est fin et en régénérant par l'intermédiaire des décharges plasma la partie de fond de ces mêmes canaux d'entrée lorsque le lit de suie devient compact et épais.The present invention therefore consists in proposing a plasma reactor architecture making it possible to treat the bed of particles accumulated in the inlet channels of a filter by proceeding catalytically on the front part of the inlet channels when the soot bed is thin and regenerating via plasma discharges the bottom portion of these same inlet channels when the soot bed becomes compact and thick.

Le principe du plasma consiste à générer des espèces métastables, des radicaux et des ions très réactifs par collision entre les molécules constituant les gaz d'échappement et les électrons énergétiques produits par les décharges électriques, et ceci sans élévation de la température du milieu réactionnel.The principle of plasma consists in generating metastable species, radicals and very reactive ions by collision between the molecules constituting the exhaust gas and the energetic electrons produced by the electric discharges, and this without raising the temperature of the reaction medium.

Les caractéristiques physiques des décharges électriques varient selon l'application visée, les consommations et les niveaux de conversions nécessaires pour les applications sur moteur, notamment de véhicules automobiles (fréquence, tension et intensité variables).The physical characteristics of electric shocks vary according to the intended application, the consumptions and conversions required for engine applications, particularly motor vehicles (variable frequency, voltage and intensity).

Les espèces métastables, radicaux et électrons fortement énergétiques produits sont des agents promoteurs de l'oxydation chimique dans un gaz d'échappement contenant un excès d'oxygène, comme par exemple les particules de suie, par interaction directe de ces espèces à durée de vie très courte avec les polluants.The metastable species, radicals and highly energetic electrons produced are promoters of chemical oxidation in an exhaust gas containing an excess of oxygen, for example soot particles, by direct interaction of these species with a lifetime. very short with pollutants.

Le support catalytique permet quant à lui d'assurer l'oxydation des particules de suie grâce à des réactions d'oxydation activées par l'intermédiaire de métaux, notamment de métaux précieux dispersés dans un matériau catalytique lui-même imprégné sur les parois du filtre. Ce système peut être envisagé dans le cas précis de ce concept car le lit de suies déposé sur le support catalytique est fin sur la partie d'entrée du filtre et donc la propagation de la combustion ne sera pas un paramètre limitant comme cela a été constaté dans le cas du filtre à particules catalysé.The catalytic support makes it possible to ensure the oxidation of the soot particles by means of oxidation reactions activated by means of metals, especially precious metals dispersed in a catalytic material which is itself impregnated on the walls of the filter. . This system can be considered in the specific case of this concept because the soot bed deposited on the catalytic support is thin on the filter inlet portion and therefore the combustion propagation will not be a limiting parameter as has been found in the case of the catalyzed particulate filter.

La configuration préférentielle de cette architecture du réacteur de traitement des particules de suie est décrite de la manière suivante :

  1. a) Les canaux d'entrée d'un filtre à particules nu sont imprégnés d'une formulation catalytique oxydante permettant la combustion des suies. La zone d'imprégnation est au maximum des deux tiers de la longueur totale du filtre considéré. La longueur totale du filtre dépend de la cylindrée du moteur et de l'espacement envisagé entre deux régénérations dans le cas d'un concept séquentiel. La contre-pression engendrée par le filtre est également un critère important.
  2. b) La zone de décharges plasma est au moins de un tiers de la longueur totale du filtre. Dans cette zone, au moins deux électrodes diamétralement opposées sont introduites dans le filtre par introduction de ces électrodes au travers du ciment bouchant les extrémités arrières des canaux d'entrée du filtre. Ces électrodes sont noyées dans une couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique. Ceci permet de maintenir les électrodes en place sur la partie arrière du filtre. De plus, l'utilisation d'une telle barrière diélectrique recouvrant ces électrodes générant les décharges plasma, permet une dispersion des espèces activées par le plasma, à savoir les ions fortement énergétiques, à la surface de ce diélectrique, avant d'atteindre les conditions de seuil de claquage.
    La conséquence est un risque de passage à l'arc électrique destructif pour le média filtrant plus faible à iso-énergie injectée dans la zone plasma que lorsqu'il n'y a pas de barrière diélectrique.
    De plus, la distribution des charges est également plus homogène à la surface de la barrière diélectrique, augmentant par la même, le potentiel de formation d'une zone inter-électrode plus homogène dans le sens de l'écoulement, comparativement à un système d'électrodes non recouverte d'une barrière diélectrique.
    On sait en effet que ce type de configurations présente l'inconvénient de favoriser la création d'un milieu plasmagène fortement hétérogène dans le sens de l'écoulement des gaz et radialement par rapport à ce même écoulement.
    Or, cette hétérogénéité est fortement défavorable pour l'efficacité de conversion des polluants, et particulièrement des suies accumulées en lit dans le filtre à particules. En fait, le matériau formant barrière diélectrique peut être formé d'un matériau d'imprégnation catalytique sans métaux, donc sans activité catalytique.
    Ceci permet d'éviter le passage à l'arc des décharges, la partie catalytique étant positionnée en face avant des canaux d'entrée du filtre, pour traiter le lit de suies le plus fin.
    Cette imprégnation catalytique peut alors contenir des métaux, préférentiellement des métaux précieux.
    On notera également que l'épaisseur de la couche d'imprégnation peut être différente sur la partie avant et sur la partie arrière des canaux. Dans ce cas, la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique présente de préférence, une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à celle de la couche de matériau catalytique afin de réduire au maximum l'épaisseur de la barrière diélectrique.
  3. c) Chaque canal d'entrée du filtre est équipé d'au moins deux électrodes et d'un support catalytique pour assurer un traitement de tous les canaux contenant des particules de suie.
  4. d) Dans chaque canal, au moins l'une des deux électrodes correspond à une anode et l'autre à une cathode, respectivement connectées à la haute tension électrique et à la masse.
  5. e) Dans le cas du filtre complet, si une anode est positionnée dans la partie supérieure d'une rangée de canaux d'entrée du filtre, la rangée directement située au-dessus présente l'électrode d'anode correspondante située dans la partie inférieure du canal. Cela permet d'avoir des connexions uniques par rangée localisées à l'arrière du filtre.
The preferred configuration of this architecture of the soot particle treatment reactor is described as follows:
  1. a) The inlet channels of a naked particle filter are impregnated with an oxidizing catalytic formulation allowing the combustion of soot. The impregnation zone is at most two thirds of the total length of the filter considered. The total length of the filter depends on the displacement of the engine and the spacing envisaged between two regenerations in the case of a sequential concept. The back pressure generated by the filter is also an important criterion.
  2. (b) The plasma discharge zone is at least one third of the total length of the filter. In this zone, at least two diametrically opposite electrodes are introduced into the filter by introducing these electrodes through the cement plugging the rear ends of the filter inlet channels. These electrodes are embedded in a layer of dielectric barrier material. This keeps the electrodes in place on the back of the filter. In addition, the use of such a dielectric barrier covering these electrodes generating the plasma discharges, allows a dispersion of the species activated by the plasma, namely the highly energetic ions, on the surface of this dielectric, before reaching the conditions threshold of breakdown.
    The consequence is a risk of passage to the destructive electric arc for the lower iso-energy filtering media injected into the plasma zone than when there is no dielectric barrier.
    In addition, the charge distribution is also more homogeneous at the surface of the dielectric barrier, thereby increasing the potential for forming a more homogeneous inter-electrode region in the direction of flow, compared to an electron density system. electrodes not covered with a dielectric barrier.
    Indeed, it is known that this type of configuration has the drawback of favoring the creation of a highly heterogeneous plasmagene medium in the direction of gas flow and radially with respect to this same flow.
    However, this heterogeneity is strongly unfavorable for the efficiency of conversion of pollutants, and particularly soot accumulated in bed in the particulate filter. In fact, the dielectric barrier material can be formed of a catalytic impregnating material without metals, thus without catalytic activity.
    This makes it possible to avoid the arc transition of the discharges, the catalytic part being positioned on the front face of the inlet channels of the filter, to treat the finest soot bed.
    This catalytic impregnation can then contain metals, preferably precious metals.
    It will also be noted that the thickness of the impregnation layer may be different on the front part and on the rear part of the channels. In this case, the layer of dielectric barrier material preferably has a thickness less than or equal to that of the catalytic material layer to minimize the thickness of the dielectric barrier.
  3. c) Each inlet channel of the filter is equipped with at least two electrodes and a catalytic support to ensure treatment of all channels containing soot particles.
  4. d) In each channel, at least one of the two electrodes corresponds to an anode and the other to a cathode respectively connected to the high voltage and to the ground.
  5. e) In the case of the complete filter, if an anode is positioned in the upper part of a row of filter inlet channels, the row directly above it has the corresponding anode electrode located in the lower part of the canal. This allows for single connections per row located at the back of the filter.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Fig.1 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un canal d'entrée et d'un canal de sortie d'un système de purification selon l'invention ; et
  • la Fig.2 représente une vue de face d'un tel système de purification.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the Fig.1 represents a longitudinal sectional view of an inlet channel and an outlet channel of a purification system according to the invention; and
  • the Fig.2 represents a front view of such a purification system.

Ainsi que cela a été mentionné précédemment, l'invention se rapporte à un système de purification des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique de véhicule automobile.As has been mentioned previously, the invention relates to a system for purifying the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle engine.

Ce système comporte un organe de purification des gaz, disposé dans une ligne d'échappement associée au moteur et qui comporte des canaux d'entrée des gaz à purifier et des canaux de sortie des gaz purifiés.This system comprises a gas purification unit disposed in an exhaust line associated with the engine and which comprises gas inlet channels to be purified and purified gas outlet channels.

Ainsi par exemple, sur la figure 1, on a illustré un canal d'entrée des gaz à purifier désigné par la référence générale 1, et un canal de sortie des gaz purifiés, désigné par la référence générale 2.For example, on the figure 1 , there is illustrated an inlet channel of the gases to be purified designated by the general reference 1, and a purified gas outlet channel, designated by the general reference 2.

En fait, l'organe de purification comporte de tels canaux disposés en rangées et en colonnes de canaux d'entrée et de sortie successifs.In fact, the purification member comprises such channels arranged in rows and columns of successive input and output channels.

Chaque canal d'entrée désigné par la référence générale 1 présente une extrémité avant ouverte et une extrémité arrière obturée, par exemple, à l'aide d'un bouchon de ciment désigné par la référence générale 3.Each inlet channel designated by the general reference 1 has an open front end and a closed rear end, for example, using a cement plug designated by the general reference 3.

De manière opposée, chaque canal de sortie présente une extrémité avant obturée par exemple par un bouchon de ciment, désigné par la référence générale 4 et une extrémité arrière ouverte.In contrast, each outlet channel has a front end closed for example by a cement plug, designated by the general reference 4 and an open rear end.

Dans un tel concept, les gaz d'échappement sont donc amenés à circuler entre les canaux d'entrée et les canaux de sortie, à travers le média filtrant qui est alors amené à piéger les particules contenues dans ces gaz.In such a concept, the exhaust gases are then circulated between the inlet channels and the outlet channels, through the filter media which is then caused to trap the particles contained in these gases.

Comme cela a été indiqué précédemment, un tel organe doit être régénéré régulièrement afin d'assurer une combustion des particules piégées.As indicated above, such an organ must be regenerated regularly to ensure combustion of the trapped particles.

A cet effet, on peut associer à ce type d'organes, des moyens formant catalyseur d'oxydation et des moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma.For this purpose, it is possible to associate with this type of members, oxidation catalyst means and plasma discharge generator means.

Dans le système de purification selon l'invention, les moyens formant catalyseur se présentent sous la forme d'une couche de matériau d'imprégnation catalytique, déposée du côté de l'extrémité avant ouverte des canaux d'entrée, cette couche étant désignée par exemple par la référence générale 5a.In the purification system according to the invention, the catalyst means are in the form of a layer of catalytic impregnating material deposited on the open front end side of the inlet channels, this layer being designated by example by the general reference 5a.

De plus, les moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma se présentent sous la forme d'électrodes désignées par les références générales 6 et 7 sur cette figure, qui sont disposées du côté de l'extrémité arrière fermée de ces canaux d'entrée et sont noyées dans une couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique 5b, et raccordées à une source d'alimentation en énergie électrique embarquée à bord du véhicule.In addition, the plasma discharge generator means are in the form of electrodes designated by the general references 6 and 7 in this figure, which are arranged on the closed rear end side of these input channels and are embedded. in a layer of dielectric barrier material 5b, and connected to a source of electrical energy supply on board the vehicle.

En fait, l'une de ces électrodes peut correspondre à une anode reliée à la borne à haute tension de la source, tandis que l'autre électrode peut correspondre à une cathode raccordée par exemple à la masse.In fact, one of these electrodes may correspond to an anode connected to the high-voltage terminal of the source, while the other electrode may correspond to a cathode connected for example to ground.

On conçoit alors que les électrodes des moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma et la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique s'étendent le long des canaux d'entrée de l'organe de purification, et ce, sur au moins un tiers de la longueur de ceux-ci.It is then conceivable that the electrodes of the plasma discharge generator means and the layer of dielectric barrier material extend along the inlet channels of the purification member, and this, over at least one third of the length of the them.

L'imprégnation catalytique peut alors s'étendre sur au maximum deux tiers de la longueur du canal.The catalytic impregnation can then extend over at most two thirds of the length of the channel.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté, les électrodes sont adaptées pour traverser les moyens d'obturation 3 de l'extrémité arrière correspondante du canal d'entrée, et pour s'étendre en direction de la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique 5b.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the electrodes are adapted to pass through the closure means 3 of the corresponding rear end of the inlet channel, and to extend towards the dielectric barrier material layer 5b.

Ces électrodes sont alors noyées dans cette couche de matériau 5b, pour assurer leur maintien en position.These electrodes are then embedded in this layer of material 5b, to ensure their retention in position.

Ceci permet de garantir un maintien en position de ces électrodes dans les canaux.This ensures that these electrodes are held in position in the channels.

Le matériau formant barrière diélectrique 5b peut être formé d'un matériau d'imprégnation catalytique sans métaux, donc sans activité catalytique.The dielectric barrier material 5b may be formed of a catalytic impregnating material without metals, thus without catalytic activity.

Une technique de dépôt par zone de ce matériau peut alors être utilisée pour déposer ces couches sur les canaux.A zone deposition technique of this material can then be used to deposit these layers on the channels.

De préférence également, l'épaisseur de la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique est inférieure ou égale à celle de la couche de matériau catalytique.Also preferably, the thickness of the dielectric barrier material layer is less than or equal to that of the catalytic material layer.

Cette couche de matériau catalytique peut alors comporter des métaux, tels que par exemple des métaux précieux.This layer of catalytic material may then comprise metals, such as for example precious metals.

On conçoit alors que chaque canal d'entrée peut être équipé de telles électrodes comme cela est illustré sur la figure 2.It is then conceivable that each input channel may be equipped with such electrodes as shown in FIG. figure 2 .

Dans le cas par exemple où les canaux présentent une section carrée, les électrodes, c'est-à-dire cathode et anode, sont disposées dans des coins opposés de ceux-ci.In the case for example where the channels have a square section, the electrodes, that is to say cathode and anode, are arranged in opposite corners thereof.

De préférence, les électrodes correspondantes des canaux des rangées empilées les unes sur les autres, sont placées respectivement dans les coins supérieur ou inférieur, et gauche ou droit, de manière que les électrodes correspondantes de deux rangées empilées soient les plus proches les unes des autres, afin de faciliter leur raccordement à la source d'alimentationPreferably, the corresponding electrodes of the channels of the rows stacked one on the other, are respectively placed in the upper or lower corners, and left or right, so that the corresponding electrodes of two stacked rows are closest to each other , to facilitate their connection to the power source

C'est ainsi par exemple, que, si l'on considère les rangées 8, 9 et 10 de canaux, illustrées sur cette figure 2, on peut constater que les cathodes, par exemple 11, des canaux de la rangée 8, sont placées dans le coin gauche en bas de ceux-ci, et que les cathodes correspondantes, par exemple 12, des canaux de la rangée 9, sont placées dans le coin supérieur gauche de celles-ci, de manière à faciliter leur raccordement.This is for example, that, if we consider the rows 8, 9 and 10 of channels, illustrated on this figure 2 it can be seen that the cathodes, for example 11, of the channels of the row 8, are placed in the lower left corner thereof, and that the corresponding cathodes, for example 12, of the channels of the row 9, are placed in the upper left corner of these, so as to facilitate their connection.

De même, les anodes par exemple 13 de la rangée 9 de canaux, sont placées dans le coin inférieur droit de ceux-ci, tandis que les anodes, par exemple 14, de la rangée de canaux 10, sont placées dans le coin supérieur droit de ceux-ci, ce qui permet également de faciliter leur raccordement.Similarly, the anodes, for example 13 of the row 9 of channels, are placed in the lower right corner thereof, while the anodes, for example 14, of the row of channels 10, are placed in the upper right corner. of these, which also facilitates their connection.

On conçoit alors qu'une telle disposition des électrodes contre les parois du filtre à particules, leur permet de mieux résister au flux d'écoulement des gaz dans ces canaux, la partie avant de ces canaux, c'est-à-dire la section la première en contact avec les gaz d'échappement, étant recouverte d'un matériau d'imprégnation catalytique, pour déclencher l'oxydation des suies déposées en surface et dans les pores du média filtrant.It is conceivable then that such an arrangement of the electrodes against the walls of the particulate filter, allows them to better withstand the flow of gas flow in these channels, the front part of these channels, that is to say the section the first in contact with the exhaust gas, being covered with a catalytic impregnating material, to trigger the oxidation of soot deposited on the surface and in the pores of the filter media.

La partie arrière du filtre est quant à elle associée aux moyens formant générateur de décharges plasma.The rear part of the filter is associated with the means forming a plasma discharge generator.

Les électrodes de ces moyens sont maintenues en position d'une part, en raison du fait qu'elles traversent le bouchon d'obturation de l'extrémité arrière des canaux d'entrée et d'autre part, que leur extrémité avant est noyée dans la couche de matériau formant barrière diélectrique.The electrodes of these means are held in position on the one hand, because they pass through the closure cap of the rear end of the inlet channels and on the other hand, that their front end is embedded in the layer of dielectric barrier material.

On conçoit bien entendu que chaque canal d'entrée peut contenir une ou plusieurs électrodes de chaque type.Of course, it is understood that each input channel may contain one or more electrodes of each type.

Ces électrodes sont, comme cela a été indiqué précédemment, raccordées électriquement à une source d'alimentation en énergie électrique.These electrodes are, as previously indicated, electrically connected to a power source.

Cette alimentation électrique est de type par exemple impulsionnelle, à une fréquence pouvant aller du monocoup à plusieurs dizaines de KHz pour une forte tension appliquée, jusqu'à par exemple plusieurs dizaines de KV et de faible intensité et de courte durée.This power supply is for example impulse type, at a frequency ranging from one to several tens of KHz for a high applied voltage, for example several tens of KV and low intensity and short duration.

On notera par ailleurs qu'un additif d'aide à la régénération du filtre peut également être mélangé au carburant pour faciliter la propagation de la combustion au lit de suies.Note also that a filter regeneration aid additive can also be mixed with the fuel to facilitate the propagation of combustion in soot bed.

L'alimentation électrique permettant le déclenchement du fonctionnement des moyens de génération de décharges plasma, peut être de type sinusoïdale ou continue.The electrical power supply for triggering the operation of the plasma discharge generation means can be of the sinusoidal or continuous type.

Le matériau d'imprégnation déposé sur la partie avant des canaux d'entrée du filtre, peut être un catalyseur d'oxydation des suies.The impregnating material deposited on the front part of the filter inlet channels may be a soot oxidation catalyst.

Il peut également permettre l'oxydation des suies et la dépollution des hydrocarbures et du CO. Il peut également être couplé à une fonction de réduction des oxydes d'azote.It can also allow the oxidation of soot and the depollution of hydrocarbons and CO. It can also be coupled to a nitrogen oxide reduction function.

On conçoit alors qu'une telle structure permet de résoudre un certain nombre de problèmes de l'état de la technique en optimisant le traitement des suies, c'est-à-dire en partant du constat que le dépôt des suies est plus important au fond du filtre qu'à l'entrée de celui-ci et en utilisant dans cette zone, des moyens de génération de décharges plasma.It is then conceivable that such a structure makes it possible to solve a certain number of problems of the state of the art by optimizing the treatment of soot, that is to say on the basis of the observation that the soot deposition is more important at the moment. filter bottom at the input thereof and using in this area, means for generating plasma discharges.

Par ailleurs, la régénération du filtre à particules peut également être assurée sans mettre en oeuvre de stratégie de post-injections de carburant dans les cylindres du moteur pendant leur phase de détente, ce qui permet d'améliorer les performances en terme de consommation de carburant de celui-ci.Furthermore, the regeneration of the particulate filter can also be ensured without implementing a strategy of post-injections of fuel in the engine cylinders during their expansion phase, which improves the performance in terms of fuel consumption of it.

Bien entendu, d'autres modes de réalisation encore peuvent être envisagés.Of course, other embodiments may be envisaged.

Ainsi, par exemple, la couche 5a de matériau d'imprégnation déposée sur les canaux d'entrée peut avoir une charge homogène ou non (« zoning »), par exemple avec une charge en métaux plus faible sur la partie d'entrée des canaux et plus importante sur la partie arrière de cette couche de matériau catalytique, pour répondre à un besoin d'efficacité de régénération du lit de suie déposé sur celui-ci, ce lit étant plus fin sur l'entrée des canaux qu'à l'extrémité de la couche.Thus, for example, the layer 5a of impregnation material deposited on the inlet channels may have a homogeneous or non-homogeneous charge ("zoning"), for example with a lower metal charge on the inlet part of the channels. and more important on the rear part of this layer of catalytic material, to meet a need for regeneration efficiency of the soot bed deposited thereon, this bed being thinner on the inlet of the channels than on the end of the layer.

Un tel système de traitement peut également être complété par un système permettant le traitement de polluants gazeux émis par le moteur à combustion interne.Such a treatment system can also be completed by a system for the treatment of gaseous pollutants emitted by the internal combustion engine.

En effet, l'imprégnation catalytique en face avant des canaux d'entrée permet la combustion des suies alors qu'une imprégnation de toute la surface des canaux de sortie peut permettre la maîtrise des émissions de HC et de CO (formulation catalytique de type oxydante), et de réduction des NOx (formulation catalytique de type réductrice).Indeed, the catalytic impregnation in the front face of the inlet channels allows soot combustion while impregnation of the entire surface of the outlet channels can allow the control of emissions of HC and CO (catalytic formulation of oxidative type ), and NOx reduction (reductive type catalytic formulation).

Dans ce cas également, la répartition des métaux dans la couche de revêtement peut également être homogène ou non (« zoning »), la partie la plus proche de la sortie des canaux de sortie étant la plus chargée en métaux.In this case also, the distribution of the metals in the coating layer may also be homogeneous or not ("zoning"), the part closest to the outlet of the outlet channels being the most loaded with metals.

L'organe de purification peut comporter un matériau filtrant réalisé sous la forme d'une céramique à base de carbure de silicium, de nitrure de silicium, de mullite, et préférentiellement par exemple de cordiérite.The purification member may comprise a filter material made in the form of a ceramic based on silicon carbide, silicon nitride, mullite, and preferably for example cordierite.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit, les canaux d'entrée et les canaux de sortie de l'organe de purification sont de section carrée.In the embodiment described, the inlet channels and the outlet channels of the purification member are of square section.

Bien entendu, d'autres sections peuvent être envisagées comme par exemple, des canaux d'entrée de section hexagonale ou autre.Of course, other sections may be envisaged, for example, input channels of hexagonal section or other.

Les électrodes sont avantageusement réalisées en matériau inoxydable, les électrodes formant anode, étant destinées à être portées au potentiel positif et les électrodes formant cathode étant destinées à être reliées à la masse.The electrodes are advantageously made of stainless material, the anode forming electrodes being intended to be brought to the positive potential and the cathode electrodes being intended to be connected to ground.

Les électrodes formant anode peuvent alors être reliées à un générateur d'impulsions à haute tension comme cela a été décrit.The anode forming electrodes can then be connected to a high voltage pulse generator as has been described.

Claims (10)

  1. System for purifying the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle combustion engine, of the type comprising a gas purification member positioned in an exhaust line associated with the engine and comprising inlet ducts (1) for gas that is to be purified, these having an open front end and a closed rear end (3), and outlet ducts (2) for the purified gases, these ducts having a closed front end (4) and an open rear end, and being associated with means that form an oxidation catalyst (5a) and with means that form a plasma discharge generator (6, 7) to assist with regenerating the purification member, characterized in that the catalyst-forming means are in the form of a layer (5a) of a catalytic impregnation material deposited on the open front end side of the inlet ducts (1) to act catalytically on the front part of the inlet ducts when the bed of soot is a fine layer, and the means that form a plasma discharge generator being in the form of electrodes (6, 7) positioned at the closed rear end (3) side of the inlet ducts (1) embedded in a layer of material that forms a dielectric barrier (5b) and connected to an electrical power supply so as to use plasma discharge to regenerate the deep end of these inlet ducts when the bed of soot becomes a compact thick layer.
  2. System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (6, 7) of the means that form a plasma discharge generator and the layer of material that forms a dielectric barrier (5b) extend along the inlet ducts over at least one-third of the length thereof and in that the layer of catalytic coating (5a) extends over the remainder of the length of these ducts.
  3. System according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrodes (6, 7) are designed to pass through the closed-off end (3) of the inlet duct (1).
  4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrodes are formed of at least one cathode and one anode in each inlet duct.
  5. System according to Claim 4, characterized in that the purification member comprises several stacked rows (8, 9, 10) of successive inlet and outlet ducts of square cross section, and in that the electrodes of the inlet ducts are positioned in opposite corners of each inlet duct, top or bottom and right or left of the duct respectively in such a way that the corresponding electrodes of two stacked rows are as close together as possible.
  6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the purification member is a particle filter.
  7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet ducts are coated over their entire height with a catalytic impregnation layer.
  8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material that forms the dielectric barrier is formed of a catalytic impregnation material that is metal-free and therefore has no catalytic activity.
  9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the layer of material that forms the dielectric barrier (5b) is less than or equal to that of the layer of catalytic material (5a).
  10. Motor vehicle engine exhaust line, characterized in that it comprises a system according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP05290523A 2004-03-11 2005-03-08 Exhaust gas purification system for the combustion engine of an automotive vehicle and exhaust line comprising such a system Not-in-force EP1574680B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0402550A FR2867510B1 (en) 2004-03-11 2004-03-11 EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM OF A MOTOR VEHICLE THERMAL MOTOR AND EXHAUST LINE HAVING SUCH A SYSTEM
FR0402550 2004-03-11

Publications (2)

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EP1574680A1 EP1574680A1 (en) 2005-09-14
EP1574680B1 true EP1574680B1 (en) 2008-11-05

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EP05290523A Not-in-force EP1574680B1 (en) 2004-03-11 2005-03-08 Exhaust gas purification system for the combustion engine of an automotive vehicle and exhaust line comprising such a system

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EP (1) EP1574680B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE413519T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005010770D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2867510B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU199195U1 (en) * 2020-03-12 2020-08-21 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научные развлечения" PLASMA CONVERTER OF TOXIC GASES
RU2764684C1 (en) * 2021-01-11 2022-01-19 ЗАКРЫТОЕ АКЦИОНЕРНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО "ЛАЙТТЕК ПЛЮС" (ЗАО "Лайттек Плюс") Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3608801A1 (en) * 1986-03-15 1987-09-17 Fev Forsch Energietech Verbr METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REGENERATING PARTICLE FILTER SYSTEMS
DE10003816A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-02 Opel Adam Ag Renewable particle filter for removing soot particles from exhaust gases
DE10057862C5 (en) * 2000-11-21 2004-05-06 Siemens Ag Process for reducing carbon-containing particle emissions from diesel engines and associated arrangement
FR2830275B1 (en) 2001-10-01 2004-06-11 Renault EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR2830566B1 (en) 2001-10-04 2004-02-27 Renault EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR2836397B1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2004-04-23 Renault REACTOR FOR THE PLASMA TREATMENT OF A GASEOUS FLOW, IN PARTICULAR EXHAUST GASES PRODUCED BY THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
DE10229881B4 (en) * 2002-07-03 2008-01-31 Siemens Ag Plasma particulate filter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU199195U1 (en) * 2020-03-12 2020-08-21 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научные развлечения" PLASMA CONVERTER OF TOXIC GASES
RU2764684C1 (en) * 2021-01-11 2022-01-19 ЗАКРЫТОЕ АКЦИОНЕРНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО "ЛАЙТТЕК ПЛЮС" (ЗАО "Лайттек Плюс") Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2867510A1 (en) 2005-09-16
DE602005010770D1 (en) 2008-12-18
EP1574680A1 (en) 2005-09-14
FR2867510B1 (en) 2006-10-20
ATE413519T1 (en) 2008-11-15

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