EP1518999B1 - Method and apparatus for driving a boring element into the ground - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for driving a boring element into the ground Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1518999B1 EP1518999B1 EP04020788A EP04020788A EP1518999B1 EP 1518999 B1 EP1518999 B1 EP 1518999B1 EP 04020788 A EP04020788 A EP 04020788A EP 04020788 A EP04020788 A EP 04020788A EP 1518999 B1 EP1518999 B1 EP 1518999B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drilling
- mast
- turning device
- drilling element
- collet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/36—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making without use of mouldpipes or other moulds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/56—Screw piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
- E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
- E21B3/022—Top drives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
- E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
- E21B3/03—Surface drives for rotary drilling with an intermittent unidirectional rotation of the tool
Definitions
- the invention relates to a drill for introducing a drilling element in the ground, with a rotary drive, which is mounted on a mast for introducing the rotatably and slidably disposed on the mast drilling element, and with a twisting device attached to the mast, which has a collet, by means of at least a setting cylinder is rotatable.
- the invention further relates to a method for introducing a drilling element into the ground, wherein the drilling element is rotated by means of a rotary drive and is displaced along a mast, according to the preamble of claim 8.
- a generic drill which has a mast and a rotary drive.
- a thread breaker with clamping jaws is arranged at the bottom of the mast. These can also be used to assist in driving a drill pipe.
- WO 03/048502 A discloses a drill for creating micropiles, on the mast of which a turret-carrying trolley slides. At the bottom of the mast are an upper clamping device that can be moved on the mast and a lower clamping device fixed to the mast. These are used for releasing bolted together rod and cover elements.
- cased bores drilling tools which are additionally provided with a casing machine, which serve for screwing in the support tubes.
- casing machines have a collet, which can be rotated via actuating cylinder.
- the invention has for its object to provide a drill, with which also particularly power-consuming drilling measures in a simple and inexpensive construction feasible. It is another object of the invention to provide an efficient method for introducing a drilling element in the ground.
- the device-related part of the object is achieved according to the invention by a drill with the features of claim 1.
- the procedural part of the object is achieved according to the invention by a method having the features of claim 8.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.
- the drilling device according to the invention is characterized in that even with an axial movement of the drilling element, the twisting device for torque support can be brought into engagement with the drilling element driven by the rotary drive.
- a basic idea of the invention is to provide a turning device directly on the mast, wherein the turning device can be brought directly into engagement with the drilling element and thus can exert an additional torque on the drilling element in addition to the normal rotary drive at least at certain points in time.
- the drilling element may be both a drilling tool, which is pulled out again after the introduction of the borehole, or a screw pile or anchor element, which serves directly as a foundation element and remains in the ground. If the torque of the rotary drive for the introduction of the drilling element is no longer sufficient, then by means of the turning device, a torque assistance can take place.
- the use of a collet with a control cylinder for rotating the collet allows the generation of a very high torque for a limited angle of rotation. In drilling, experience shows that the maximum drilling torque is not present as a peak load during the entire drilling time, but only at very limited times, the drill drive can be cost-effectively designed for the normal drilling torque. To bridge the torque peak, the torque assistance can be used.
- the twisting device is attached to the lower end portion of the mast. This still allows a torque support when the drilling element is almost completely introduced into the ground.
- twisting device is mounted on the mast via a holding bearing, through which the collet is pivotable and / or movable in the drilling direction.
- torque assistance can act on this even with a feed movement of the drilling element.
- a particularly stress-free arrangement is achieved according to the invention in that the at least one actuating cylinder and / or a holding arm of the collet is gimballed by the holding bearing.
- certain deviations of the drilling element can be compensated flexibly by the holding bearing, so that always a very good torque transmission is achieved by the turning device.
- a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the collet chuck has two clamping claws, which are adjustable by means of a clamping cylinder between a clamping position and a freewheeling position.
- An adjustable collet allows clamping of the drilling element along the entire length and can also compensate for differences in diameter of the drilling element.
- the clamping jaws are adapted to the respective drilling element, so that a good power transmission in the clamping position and a distance to the drilling element in the Freewheel position is ensured.
- the clamping cylinder and the adjusting cylinder of the turning device are preferably designed as hydraulic cylinders, which can generate particularly high forces.
- the feed of the drilling element can be applied by appropriate screw threads on the drilling element solely by the rotary drive.
- the feed can be done for example via a winch or a rack.
- the mast can be designed as a broker, wherein an upper part of the mast is movable relative to a base mast.
- a control device is provided, by means of which the rotary drive, the feed drive and the turning device can be operated coordinated with one another.
- the control device can coordinate the continuous rotary drive with the discontinuous twisting device.
- the rotary drive can also be operated discontinuously.
- the mast is pivotally mounted on a chassis.
- the mast can be pivoted together with the twisting device between an approximately vertical working position and an approximately horizontal transport position.
- a twisting device is brought into engagement with the drill element by means of a collet, and that a supporting torque is exerted on the drill element by means of at least one actuating cylinder via the twisting device.
- the twisting device can thus absorb the torque peaks, so that the continuous rotary drive for the normal torque load can be designed cost-effective.
- the twisting device is at least gradually pivoted with the drilling element in the drilling direction and / or moved.
- the twisting device is thereby arranged movably on a suitable pivot or slide bearing on the mast between an upper and lower position.
- a return device is provided, with which the turning device is reset from the lower position back to the upper position. In the upper position can then be moved by appropriate clamping with the drilling element, the twisting device according to the feed back to the lower position.
- the torque assistance is performed only at certain time periods, in particular in a final phase of drilling.
- the torque load increases with increasing drilling depth due to the increased friction surfaces.
- the torque assistance is thus preferably in the final phase, so that even at this time a reliable rotational movement is ensured.
- the drilling element can basically be a drilling tool which can be removed again from the borehole, for example a drilling screw, a drilling bucket or any other continuous or discontinuous boring tool.
- a screw pile in particular with a conical screw tip, is used as the drilling element.
- high torques are applied, since a considerable part of the soil is displaced, so that a high surface friction arises.
- a further embodiment of the invention consists in that, for foundation measures, the screw pile is driven through loose soil layers up to a solid soil layer, the torque being assisted for introduction into the solid soil layer. Screw piles can thus be screwed by means of the rotary drive through the loose bottom and anchored with the support of the tubing efficiently in solid soil layers.
- the drilling apparatus 10 has a chassis 20 in the form of a track, on which a mast 14 is pivotably articulated between a horizontal transport position and a shown vertical working position.
- the mast 14, which is pivotable in a known manner via hydraulic cylinder, is designed as a so-called leader with a fixed base mast 16, on which a Verfahrmast 15 is slidably mounted on a traversing device.
- a rotary drive 12 is slidably mounted via a feed drive 26, which for driving a Not shown drilling element is used.
- a twisting device 30 is attached to the torque assistance, which will be explained in more detail below.
- the twisting device 30 is shown with a collet 32, which encloses a drilling element 50.
- the collet 32 shown in Fig. 3 is in the freewheeling position in which the collet is on all sides spaced from the enclosed drilling element 50, so that the drilling member 50 can be moved freely through the collet 32 in the drilling direction, which is perpendicular to the plane.
- the collet chuck 32 comprises an arcuate pliers main body 31, at the two ends of which in each case a clamping claw 33, 34 is pivotably articulated.
- the free ends of the two clamping jaws 33, 34 are opposite each other and are connected by means of a clamping cylinder 46 in connection.
- the clamping cylinder 46 By moving the clamping cylinder 46, the clamping jaws 33, 34 are moved towards each other, with a frictional connection with the drilling element 50 can be made.
- the pliers main body 31 is fastened to the mast 14 via a variable-length holding arm 38 by means of a holding bearing 40.
- the retaining bearing 40 has a horizontal pivot pin 42 which is rotatably supported in a bearing block 45.
- a vertically directed vertical pivot pin 44 is provided, on which the mast side end of the holding arm 38 and the mast side ends of two adjusting cylinders 35, 36 are pivotally mounted.
- the adjusting cylinders 35, 36 serve to rotate the collet 32 relative to the retaining bearing 40, wherein the collet-side ends of the actuating cylinders 35, 36 respectively held on the tong body 31 in the points and are pivotally mounted, in which also the clamping jaws 33, 34 mounted on the tong body 31 are.
- the retaining bearing 40 allows the collet 32 to follow the clamped drilling element 50 when in the drilling direction is moved, as shown schematically in Fig. 2. With a feed of the drilling element 50 in drilling operation, the collet 32 follows in the clamping position with their adjusting cylinders 35, 36 of the movement of the drilling element 50 to the ground. After opening the clamping cylinder 46, the collet 32 must be reset upwards for a new twisting operation, which is possible by means of a return device 60.
- the illustrated restoring device 60 has a horizontal pivot pin 42 mounted on the pressure plate 62, which can be reset by means of a compression spring 66, which is supported on an abutment 64.
- FIGS. 4a to 4c The mode of operation of the torque assistance of the turning device 30 is shown schematically in FIGS. 4a to 4c. 4b shows the free-running position, which has already been described in connection with FIG.
- the clamping cylinder 46 is moved together, wherein the clamping jaws 33, 34 enclose the drill member 50 frictionally.
- the first actuating cylinder 35 and extending the second actuating cylinder 36 By retracting the first actuating cylinder 35 and extending the second actuating cylinder 36, a rotation of the collet 32 and thus of the clamped drilling element 50 counterclockwise can be generated. This twist can be used for torque assistance.
- Fig. 4c can be achieved by extending the first actuating cylinder 35 and retraction of the second actuating cylinder 36 in the reverse manner, a rotation of the collet clockwise.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bohrgerät zum Einbringen eines Bohrelementes in den Boden, mit einem Drehantrieb, welcher an einem Mast zum Einbringen des am Mast drehbar und verschiebbar angeordneten Bohrelementes gelagert ist, und mit einer am Mast befestigten Verdreheinrichtung, welche eine Spannzange aufweist, die mittels mindestens einem Stellzylinder verdrehbar ist.The invention relates to a drill for introducing a drilling element in the ground, with a rotary drive, which is mounted on a mast for introducing the rotatably and slidably disposed on the mast drilling element, and with a twisting device attached to the mast, which has a collet, by means of at least a setting cylinder is rotatable.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Einbringen eines Bohrelementes in den Boden, wobei das Bohrelement mittels eines Drehantriebes in Drehung versetzt und entlang eines Mastes verschoben wird, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 8.The invention further relates to a method for introducing a drilling element into the ground, wherein the drilling element is rotated by means of a rotary drive and is displaced along a mast, according to the preamble of claim 8.
Im Stand der Technik sind eine Vielzahl von Erdbohrmaschinen bekannt, welche insbesondere im Spezialtiefbau zu Gründungsmaßnahmen eingesetzt werden. Hiermit kann entweder mittels eines Bohrwerkzeuges ein Bohrloch erstellt werden, welches dann beispielsweise mit Beton verfüllt wird, um einen Gründungspfahl zu erstellen. Weiterhin kann mit einem Bohrgerät auch ein Schraubanker oder Bohrpfahl mit Schraubspitze direkt in den Boden eingeschraubt werden. Insbesondere in letzterem Fall können bei großen Pfahllängen relativ hohe Bohrdrehmomente notwendig sein, um den Pfahl in den Boden einzuschrauben.In the prior art, a variety of earth drilling machines are known, which are used in foundation engineering in particular in special civil engineering. Hereby, either by means of a drilling tool a borehole can be created, which is then filled with concrete, for example, to create a foundation pile. Furthermore, a screw anchor or bored pile with screw tip can be screwed directly into the ground with a drill. Especially in the latter case, relatively large drilling torques may be necessary for large pile lengths to screw the pile into the ground.
Entsprechend dem zu erwartenden maximalen Drehmoment ist der Bohrantrieb auszulegen, welcher einen maßgeblichen Kostenfaktor bei einem Bohrgerät darstellt.According to the expected maximum torque of the drill drive is interpreted, which represents a significant cost factor in a drill.
In der GB 1558 455 A wird ein gattungsgemäßes Bohrgerät beschrieben, das einen Mast und einen Drehantrieb aufweist. Zum Lösen miteinander verschraubter Bohrrohrteile ist unten am Mast eine Gewindebrecheinrichtung mit Spannklauen angeordnet. Diese können auch zur Unterstützung beim Antreiben eines Bohrrohres eingesetzt werden.In GB 1558 455 A a generic drill is described which has a mast and a rotary drive. For loosening drill pipe parts screwed together, a thread breaker with clamping jaws is arranged at the bottom of the mast. These can also be used to assist in driving a drill pipe.
In der WO 03/048502 A wird ein Bohrer zum Erstellen von Mikropfählen offenbart, an dessen Mast ein drehkopftragender Förderwagen gleitet. Am unteren Mastende befinden sich eine am Mast verschiebbare obere Spanneinrichtung sowie eine am Mast fixierte untere Spanneinrichtung. Diese dienen zum Lösen von miteinander verschraubten Stangen- und Abdeckungselementen.WO 03/048502 A discloses a drill for creating micropiles, on the mast of which a turret-carrying trolley slides. At the bottom of the mast are an upper clamping device that can be moved on the mast and a lower clamping device fixed to the mast. These are used for releasing bolted together rod and cover elements.
Zum Herstellen verrohrter Bohrungen sind Bohrgeräte bekannt, welche zusätzlich mit einer Verrohrungsmaschine versehen sind, welche zum Eindrehen der Stützrohre dienen. Solche Verrohrungsmaschinen weisen eine Spannzange auf, welche über Stellzylinder verdreht werden können.For producing cased bores drilling tools are known, which are additionally provided with a casing machine, which serve for screwing in the support tubes. Such casing machines have a collet, which can be rotated via actuating cylinder.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Bohrgerät anzugeben, mit welchem auch besonders kraftaufwendige Bohrmaßnahmen bei einem möglichst einfachen und kostengünstigen Aufbau durchführbar sind. Weiter ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein effizientes Verfahren zum Einbringen eines Bohrelementes in den Boden anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide a drill, with which also particularly power-consuming drilling measures in a simple and inexpensive construction feasible. It is another object of the invention to provide an efficient method for introducing a drilling element in the ground.
Der vorrichtungsbezogene Teil der Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung durch ein Bohrgerät mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Der verfahrensbezogene Teil der Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den jeweils abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The device-related part of the object is achieved according to the invention by a drill with the features of claim 1. The procedural part of the object is achieved according to the invention by a method having the features of claim 8. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Bohrgerät ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auch bei einer Axialbewegung des Bohrelementes die Verdreheintichtung zur Drehmomentunterstützung mit dem vom Drehantrieb angetriebenen Bohrelement in Eingriff bringbar ist.The drilling device according to the invention is characterized in that even with an axial movement of the drilling element, the twisting device for torque support can be brought into engagement with the drilling element driven by the rotary drive.
Ein Grundgedanke der Erfindung liegt darin, eine Verdreheinrichtung unmittelbar am Mast vorzusehen, wobei die Verdreheinrichtung unmittelbar mit dem Bohrelement in Eingriff bringbar ist und so zusätzlich zu dem normalen Drehantrieb zumindest zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten ein zusätzliches Drehmoment auf das Bohrelement ausüben kann. Das Bohrelement kann dabei sowohl ein Bohrwerkzeug, welches nach dem Einbringen wieder aus dem Bohrloch herausgezogen wird, oder ein Schraubpfahl- oder Ankerelement sein, welches unmittelbar als Gründungselement dient und im Boden verbleibt. Sollte das Drehmoment des Drehantriebes zum Einbringen des Bohrelementes nicht mehr ausreichend sein, so kann mittels der Verdreheinrichtung eine Drehmomentunterstützung erfolgen. Die Verwendung einer Spannzange mit einem Stellzylinder zum Verdrehen der Spannzange erlaubt die Erzeugung eines sehr hohen Drehmomentes für einen begrenzten Verdrehwinkel. Da beim Bohren erfahrungsgemäß das maximale Bohrdrehmoment nicht während der gesamten Bohrzeit, sondern nur zu sehr begrenzten Zeitpunkten als eine Spitzenlast ansteht, kann der Bohrantrieb kostengünstig auf das normale Bohrdrehmoment ausgelegt werden. Zur Überbrückung der Drehmomentspitze kann die Drehmomentunterstützung eingesetzt werden.A basic idea of the invention is to provide a turning device directly on the mast, wherein the turning device can be brought directly into engagement with the drilling element and thus can exert an additional torque on the drilling element in addition to the normal rotary drive at least at certain points in time. The drilling element may be both a drilling tool, which is pulled out again after the introduction of the borehole, or a screw pile or anchor element, which serves directly as a foundation element and remains in the ground. If the torque of the rotary drive for the introduction of the drilling element is no longer sufficient, then by means of the turning device, a torque assistance can take place. The use of a collet with a control cylinder for rotating the collet allows the generation of a very high torque for a limited angle of rotation. In drilling, experience shows that the maximum drilling torque is not present as a peak load during the entire drilling time, but only at very limited times, the drill drive can be cost-effectively designed for the normal drilling torque. To bridge the torque peak, the torque assistance can be used.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es bevorzugt, dass die Verdreheinrichtung am unteren Endbereich des Mastes befestigt ist. Dies erlaubt auch dann noch eine Drehmomentunterstützung, wenn das Bohrelement fast vollständig in den Boden eingebracht ist.According to the invention it is preferred that the twisting device is attached to the lower end portion of the mast. This still allows a torque support when the drilling element is almost completely introduced into the ground.
Ein effizienter Bohrbetrieb wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, dass die Verdreheinrichtung am Mast über ein Haltelager gelagert ist, durch welches die Spannzange in Bohrrichtung verschwenkbar und/oder verfahrbar ist. Hierdurch kann die Drehmomentunterstützung auch bei einer Vorschubbewegung des Bohrelementes auf dieses einwirken.An efficient drilling operation is inventively achieved in that the twisting device is mounted on the mast via a holding bearing, through which the collet is pivotable and / or movable in the drilling direction. As a result, the torque assistance can act on this even with a feed movement of the drilling element.
Eine besonders spannungsfreie Anordnung wird nach der Erfindung dadurch erreicht, dass der mindestens eine Stellzylinder und/oder ein Haltearm der Spannzange durch das Haltelager kardanisch gelagert ist. Dabei können auch gewisse Abweichungen des Bohrelementes flexibel durch das Haltelager ausgeglichen werden, so dass stets eine sehr gute Drehmomentübertragung durch die Verdreheinrichtung erreicht wird.A particularly stress-free arrangement is achieved according to the invention in that the at least one actuating cylinder and / or a holding arm of the collet is gimballed by the holding bearing. In this case, certain deviations of the drilling element can be compensated flexibly by the holding bearing, so that always a very good torque transmission is achieved by the turning device.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannzange zwei Spannklauen aufweist, welche mittels eines Spannzylinders zwischen einer Spannposition und einer Freilaufposition verstellbar sind. Eine verstellbare Spannzange erlaubt ein Festklemmen des Bohrelementes entlang der gesamten Länge und kann auch Durchmesserunterschiede des Bohrelementes ausgleichen. Die Spannklauen sind an das jeweilige Bohrelement anpassbar, so dass eine gute Kraftübertragung in der Spannposition und ein Abstand zum Bohrelement in der Freilaufposition sichergestellt wird. Der Spannzylinder sowie die Stellzylinder der Verdreheinrichtung sind vorzugsweise als Hydraulikzylinder ausgelegt, welche besonders hohe Kräfte erzeugen können.A further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the collet chuck has two clamping claws, which are adjustable by means of a clamping cylinder between a clamping position and a freewheeling position. An adjustable collet allows clamping of the drilling element along the entire length and can also compensate for differences in diameter of the drilling element. The clamping jaws are adapted to the respective drilling element, so that a good power transmission in the clamping position and a distance to the drilling element in the Freewheel position is ensured. The clamping cylinder and the adjusting cylinder of the turning device are preferably designed as hydraulic cylinders, which can generate particularly high forces.
Grundsätzlich kann der Vorschub des Bohrelementes durch entsprechende Schraubwindungen am Bohrelement allein durch den Drehantrieb aufgebracht werden. Der Vorschub kann beispielsweise über eine Seilwinde oder eine Zahnstange erfolgen. Weiterhin kann der Mast als ein Mäkler ausgebildet sein, wobei ein oberer Teil des Mastes gegenüber einem Grundmast verfahrbar ist.In principle, the feed of the drilling element can be applied by appropriate screw threads on the drilling element solely by the rotary drive. The feed can be done for example via a winch or a rack. Furthermore, the mast can be designed as a broker, wherein an upper part of the mast is movable relative to a base mast.
Schließlich ist es erfindungsgemäß, dass eine Steuereinrichtung vorgesehen ist, durch welche der Drehantrieb, der Vorschubantrieb und die Verdreheinrichtung aufeinander abgestimmt betreibbar sind. Die Steuereinrichtung kann dabei den kontinuierlichen Drehantrieb mit der diskontinuierlichen Verdreheinrichtung koordinieren. So kann zu den Zeitspannen der Drehmomentunterstützung durch die Verdreheinrichtung der Drehantrieb ebenfalls diskontinuierlich betrieben werden.Finally, it is according to the invention that a control device is provided, by means of which the rotary drive, the feed drive and the turning device can be operated coordinated with one another. The control device can coordinate the continuous rotary drive with the discontinuous twisting device. Thus, during the periods of torque assistance by the turning device, the rotary drive can also be operated discontinuously.
Für eine hohe Flexibilität des Bohrgerätes ist es erfindungsgemäß, dass der Mast schwenkbar an einem Fahrgestell gelagert ist. Der Mast kann so zusammen mit der Verdreheinrichtung zwischen einer etwa vertikalen Arbeitsposition und einer etwa horizontalen Transportposition verschwenkt werden.For a high flexibility of the drill, it is inventively that the mast is pivotally mounted on a chassis. The mast can be pivoted together with the twisting device between an approximately vertical working position and an approximately horizontal transport position.
Beim erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist vorgesehen, dass eine Verdreheinrichtung mit einer Spannzange mit dem Bohrelement in Eingriff gebracht wird und dass mittels mindestens eines Stellzylinders über die Verdreheinrichtung ein unterstützendes Drehmoment auf das Bohrelement ausgeübt wird. Die Verdreheinrichtung kann so die Drehmomentspitzen auffangen, so dass der kontinuierliche Drehantrieb für die normale Drehmomentlast kostengünstig ausgelegt werden kann.In the method according to the invention, it is provided that a twisting device is brought into engagement with the drill element by means of a collet, and that a supporting torque is exerted on the drill element by means of at least one actuating cylinder via the twisting device. The twisting device can thus absorb the torque peaks, so that the continuous rotary drive for the normal torque load can be designed cost-effective.
Für einen effizienten Bohrfortschritt ist es erfindungsgemäß, dass die Verdreheinrichtung zumindest schrittweise mit dem Bohrelement in Bohrrichtung verschwenkt und/oder verfahren wird. Die Verdreheinrichtung ist hierdurch über ein entsprechendes Verschwenk- oder Gleitlager am Mast zwischen einer oberen und unteren Position beweglich angeordnet. Vorzugsweise ist eine Rückstelleinrichtung vorgesehen, mit welcher die Verdreheinrichtung von der unteren Position wieder zur oberen Position rückgestellt wird. In der oberen Position kann dann durch entsprechende Klemmung mit dem Bohrelement die Verdreheinrichtung entsprechend dem Vorschub wieder zur unteren Position bewegt werden.For an efficient drilling progress, it is inventively that the twisting device is at least gradually pivoted with the drilling element in the drilling direction and / or moved. The twisting device is thereby arranged movably on a suitable pivot or slide bearing on the mast between an upper and lower position. Preferably, a return device is provided, with which the turning device is reset from the lower position back to the upper position. In the upper position can then be moved by appropriate clamping with the drilling element, the twisting device according to the feed back to the lower position.
Zur Koordination oder Synchronisierung der diskontinuierlichen und kontinuierlichen Antriebe ist es erfindungsgemäß, dass die Drehung des Drehantriebes, die Vorschubbewegung des Bohrelementes und die Betätigung der Verdreheinrichtung aufeinander abgestimmt gesteuert werden.For the coordination or synchronization of the discontinuous and continuous drives, it is inventively that the rotation of the rotary drive, the feed movement of the drilling element and the operation of the twisting device are coordinated with each other.
Weiterhin ist es erfindungsgemäß, dass die Drehmomentunterstützung nur zu bestimmten Zeitspannen, insbesondere in einer Schlussphase des Bohrens, durchgeführt wird. Beim Einschrauben eines Bohrelementes in den Boden nimmt die Drehmomentlast mit zunehmender Bohrtiefe aufgrund der erhöhten Reibungsflächen zu. Die Drehmomentunterstützung erfolgt somit vorzugsweise in der Schlussphase, so dass auch zu diesem Zeitpunkt eine zuverlässige Verdrehbewegung gewährleistet ist.Furthermore, it is according to the invention that the torque assistance is performed only at certain time periods, in particular in a final phase of drilling. When screwing a drilling element in the ground, the torque load increases with increasing drilling depth due to the increased friction surfaces. The torque assistance is thus preferably in the final phase, so that even at this time a reliable rotational movement is ensured.
Das Bohrelement kann grundsätzlich ein wieder aus dem Bohrloch entfernbares Bohrwerkzeug, beispielsweise eine Bohrschnecke, ein Bohreimer oder ein anderes beliebiges kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich arbeitendes Bohrwerkzeug sein. Nach der Erfindung ist es jedoch bevorzugt, dass als Bohrelement ein Schraubpfahl, insbesondere mit konischer Schraubspitze verwendet wird. Gerade beim Einschrauben derartiger Gründungspfähle mit Schraubwendeln sind üblicherweise hohe Drehmomente aufzubringen, da ein erheblicher Teil des Bodens verdrängt wird, so dass eine hohe Flächenreibung entsteht.The drilling element can basically be a drilling tool which can be removed again from the borehole, for example a drilling screw, a drilling bucket or any other continuous or discontinuous boring tool. According to the invention, however, it is preferred that a screw pile, in particular with a conical screw tip, is used as the drilling element. Especially when screwing such foundation piles with helical spirals usually high torques are applied, since a considerable part of the soil is displaced, so that a high surface friction arises.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, dass zu Gründungsmaßnahmen der Schraubpfahl durch lockere Bodenschichten bis zu einer festen Bodenschicht getrieben wird, wobei zum Einbringen in die feste Bodenschicht die Drehmomentunterstützung erfolgt. Schraubpfähle können somit mittels des Drehantriebs durch den lockeren Boden geschraubt und mit Unterstützung der Verrohreinrichtung effizient in festen Bodenschichten verankert werden.A further embodiment of the invention consists in that, for foundation measures, the screw pile is driven through loose soil layers up to a solid soil layer, the torque being assisted for introduction into the solid soil layer. Screw piles can thus be screwed by means of the rotary drive through the loose bottom and anchored with the support of the tubing efficiently in solid soil layers.
Die Erfindung wir weiter anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispieles erläutert, welches schematisch in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt ist. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Bohrgerätes;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Seitenansicht der Verdreheinrichtung;
- Fig. 3
- eine Draufsicht auf die Verdreheinrichtung von Fig. 2 und
- Fig. 4
- Draufsichten auf die Verdreheinrichtung in verschiedenen Verdrehpositionen.
- Fig. 1
- a side view of a drilling device according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- a schematic side view of the twisting device;
- Fig. 3
- a plan view of the twisting device of Fig. 2 and
- Fig. 4
- Top views of the twisting device in different Verdrehpositionen.
Das in Fig. 1 gezeigte erfindungsgemäße Bohrgerät 10 weist ein als Raupe ausgebildetes Fahrgestell 20 auf, an welchem ein Mast 14 zwischen einer horizontalen Transportposition und einer dargestellten vertikalen Arbeitsposition verschwenkbar angelenkt ist. Der Mast 14, welcher in bekannter Weise über Hydraulikzylinder verschwenkbar ist, ist als ein sogenannter Mäkler mit einem feststehenden Grundmast 16 ausgebildet, an welchem ein Verfahrmast 15 über eine Verfahreinrichtung verschiebbar gelagert ist.The drilling apparatus 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a
Am Verfahrmast 15 ist über einen Vorschubantrieb 26 ein Drehantrieb 12 verschiebbar gelagert, welcher zum Antrieb eines nicht dargestellten Bohrelementes dient. Am unteren Ende des Mastes 14 ist eine Verdreheinrichtung 30 zur Drehmomentunterstützung befestigt, welche nachfolgend näher erläutert wird.On Verfahrmast 15 a rotary drive 12 is slidably mounted via a
In Fig. 3 ist die Verdreheinrichtung 30 mit einer Spannzange 32 dargestellt, welche ein Bohrelement 50 umschließt. Die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Spannzange 32 befindet sich in der Freilaufposition, in welcher die Spannzange allseitig von dem umschlossenen Bohrelement 50 beabstandet ist, so dass das Bohrelement 50 frei durch die Spannzange 32 in Bohrrichtung bewegt werden kann, welche senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene verläuft.In Fig. 3, the twisting
Die Spannzange 32 umfasst einen bogenförmigen Zangengrundkörper 31, an dessen beiden Enden jeweils eine Spannklaue 33, 34 schwenkbar angelenkt ist. Die freien Enden der beiden Spannklauen 33, 34 liegen sich gegenüber und stehen mittels eines Spannzylinders 46 in Verbindung. Durch Zusammenfahren des Spannzylinders 46 können die Spannklauen 33, 34 aufeinander zu bewegt werden, wobei ein Kraftschluss mit dem Bohrelement 50 hergestellt werden kann.The
Der Zangengrundkörper 31 ist über einen längenveränderlichen Haltearm 38 mittels eines Haltelagers 40 am Mast 14 befestigt. Für eine kardanische Aufhängung weist das Haltelager 40 einen Horizontalschwenkbolzen 42 auf, welcher drehbar in einem Lagerbock 45 gehalten ist. Am Horizontalschwenkbolzen 42 ist ein vertikal gerichteter Vertikalschwenkbolzen 44 vorgesehen, an welchem das mastseitige Ende des Haltearmes 38 sowie die mastseitigen Enden von zwei Stellzylindern 35, 36 verschwenkbar gelagert sind. Die Stellzylinder 35, 36 dienen zum Verdrehen der Spannzange 32 gegenüber dem Haltelager 40, wobei die spannzangenseitigen Enden der Stellzylinder 35, 36 jeweils am Zangengrundkörper 31 in den Punkten gehalten und schwenkbar gelagert sind, in welchen auch die Spannklauen 33, 34 am Zangengrundkörper 31 gelagert sind.The pliers
Das Haltelager 40 erlaubt, dass die Spannzange 32 dem eingespannten Bohrelement 50 folgen kann, wenn dieses in Bohrrichtung bewegt wird, wie schematisch in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. Bei einem Vorschub des Bohrelementes 50 im Bohrbetrieb folgt die Spannzange 32 in der Spannposition mit ihren Stellzylindern 35, 36 der Bewegung des Bohrelementes 50 zum Boden hin. Nach einem Öffnen des Spannzylinders 46 muss für einen erneuten Verdrehvorgang die Spannzange 32 nach oben rückgestellt werden, was mittels einer Rückstelleinrichtung 60 möglich ist.The retaining
Die dargestellte Rückstelleinrichtung 60 weist eine am Horizontalschwenkbolzen 42 gelagerte Druckplatte 62 auf, welche mittels einer Druckfeder 66 rückgestellt werden kann, welche sich auf einem Widerlager 64 abstützt.The illustrated restoring
Die Wirkungsweise der Drehmomentunterstützung der Verdreheinrichtung 30 ist schematisch in den Fig. 4a bis 4c dargestellt.
Fig. 4b zeigt dabei die Freilaufposition, welche bereits im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 3 beschrieben worden ist.The mode of operation of the torque assistance of the
4b shows the free-running position, which has already been described in connection with FIG.
Gemäß Fig. 4a ist der Spannzylinder 46 zusammengefahren, wobei die Spannklauen 33, 34 das Bohrelement 50 kraftschlüssig umschließen. Durch Einfahren des ersten Stellzylinders 35 und Ausfahren des zweiten Stellzylinders 36 kann eine Verdrehung der Spannzange 32 und damit des eingespannten Bohrelementes 50 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn erzeugt werden. Diese Verdrehung kann zur Drehmomentunterstützung eingesetzt werden.According to Fig. 4a, the clamping
Gemäß Fig. 4c kann durch Ausfahren des ersten Stellzylinders 35 und Einfahren des zweiten Stellzylinders 36 in umgekehrter Weise eine Verdrehung der Spannzange im Uhrzeigersinn erreicht werden.According to Fig. 4c can be achieved by extending the
Claims (12)
- Drilling apparatus for introducing a drilling element (50) into the soil comprising a rotary drive (12), which is supported on a mast (14) for introducing the drilling element (50) arranged rotatably and slidably on the mast (14),
and a turning device (30) being fixed to the mast (14) having a collet (32) that can be turned by means of at least one operating cylinder (35, 36),
characterized in that
the turning device (30) is supported on the mast (14) by a supporting bearing (40) through which the collet (32) can be pivoted and/or moved in the drilling direction, and
in that the turning device (30) can be engaged with the drilling element (50) driven by the rotary drive (12) even during an axial motion of the drilling element (50) in order to support the torque. - Drilling apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the turning device (30) is fixed to a lower end portion of the mast (14). - Drilling apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the at least one operating cylinder (35, 36) and/or a supporting arm (38) of the collet (32) is gimbal-mounted through the supporting bearing (40). - Drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the collet (32) has two clamping jaws (33, 34) which can be adjusted by means of a clamping cylinder (46) between a clamping position and a free-running position. - Drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
a feed drive (26) is provided to move the drilling element (50) along the mast (14). - Drilling apparatus according to claim 5,
characterized in that
a control device is provided, through which the rotary drive (12), the feed drive (26) and the turning device (30) can be operated in a coordinated manner. - Drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that
the mast (14) is pivotally supported on a carriage (20). - Method for introducing a drilling element (50) into the soil, in particular by means of a drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
wherein the drilling element (50) is set into rotation by means of a rotary drive (12) and moved along a mast (14), a turning device (30) having a collet (32) is engaged with a drilling element (50),
and a supportive torque is applied to the drilling element (50) through the turning device (30) by means of at least one operating cylinder (35, 36),
characterized in that
the turning device (30) is pivoted and/or moved at least gradually with the drilling element (50) in the drilling direction and
the turning device (30) follows an axial motion of the drilling element (50) while supporting the torque. - Method according to claim 8,
characterized in that
the rotation of the rotary drive (12), the feed motion of the drilling element (50) and the operation of the turning device (30) are controlled in a coordinated manner. - Method according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized in that
the torque support is effcted at specific periods of time only, in particular during a final drilling phase. - Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10,
characterized in that
a screw pile, in particular having a tapered screw tip, is used as drilling element (50). - Method according to claim 11,
characterized in that
in order to take foundation measures the screw pile is driven through loose soil layers up to a solid soil layer, with the torque support being effected for the introduction into the solid soil layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10344352 | 2003-09-24 | ||
DE10344352A DE10344352B4 (en) | 2003-09-24 | 2003-09-24 | Drilling apparatus and method for introducing a drilling element into the ground |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1518999A2 EP1518999A2 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
EP1518999A3 EP1518999A3 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1518999B1 true EP1518999B1 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
Family
ID=34177926
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04020788A Active EP1518999B1 (en) | 2003-09-24 | 2004-09-01 | Method and apparatus for driving a boring element into the ground |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7228920B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1518999B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3934637B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1320251C (en) |
DE (2) | DE10344352B4 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101492996B (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2011-05-25 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for controlling rotate speed torquemoment of top driving device of oil rig |
CN102031778B (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-07-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Screw pile used for seasonally frozen ground zone |
CN102425169A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-04-25 | 山河智能装备股份有限公司 | Open pile control device |
US9249551B1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2016-02-02 | American Piledriving Equipment, Inc. | Concrete sheet pile clamp assemblies and methods and pile driving systems for concrete sheet piles |
WO2014165311A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-09 | Honeywell International Inc. | Electronic device and method of assembling |
US10082312B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2018-09-25 | Honeywell International Inc. | HVAC controller with multi-region display and guided setup |
US9371624B2 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2016-06-21 | American Piledriving Equipment, Inc. | Accessory connection systems and methods for use with helical piledriving systems |
JP6295069B2 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2018-03-14 | 株式会社技研製作所 | Rotation lock device of pile presser |
JP6368519B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-08-01 | アボロンシステム株式会社 | Drilling rig |
JP6644403B2 (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2020-02-12 | 日本車輌製造株式会社 | Full rotation tubing apparatus and method |
US10267358B2 (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2019-04-23 | Bauer Equipment America, Inc. | Drill drive for a drilling rig |
WO2022098476A1 (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-05-12 | Ojjo, Inc. | Systems, methods, and machines for automated screw anchor driving |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1451663A (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1976-10-06 | Weatherford Oil Tool | Rotary drive apparatus |
US4128135A (en) * | 1977-07-13 | 1978-12-05 | Gardner-Denver Company | Drill pipe handling mechanism |
DE3544086A1 (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-06-19 | Klemm Bohrtech | EARTH DRILLING DEVICE |
US5062490A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-11-05 | Central Mine Equipment | Kelly bar coupling |
US5549170A (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-08-27 | Barrow; Jeffrey | Sonic drilling method and apparatus |
DE19529554C2 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1999-04-29 | Klemm Guenter | Drilling and / or injection device |
DE19729315A1 (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-01-14 | Theodor Dipl Ing Fromme | Transmission tube for mobile rotary borehole drill |
EP1451438B1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2006-06-07 | Comacchio S.r.l. | Drilling mast with movable and fixed unscrewing vice |
-
2003
- 2003-09-24 DE DE10344352A patent/DE10344352B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-09-01 DE DE502004003865T patent/DE502004003865D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-01 EP EP04020788A patent/EP1518999B1/en active Active
- 2004-09-20 US US10/943,934 patent/US7228920B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-24 JP JP2004277197A patent/JP3934637B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-24 CN CNB2004100851170A patent/CN1320251C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1518999A2 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
JP2005098097A (en) | 2005-04-14 |
US7228920B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 |
EP1518999A3 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
DE502004003865D1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
DE10344352A1 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
JP3934637B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
CN1601045A (en) | 2005-03-30 |
DE10344352B4 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
US20050061550A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
CN1320251C (en) | 2007-06-06 |
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