EP1506144A1 - Polyurethane-based anhydrous sizing composition for glass fibres, glass fibres thus obtained and composite materials comprising said fibres - Google Patents

Polyurethane-based anhydrous sizing composition for glass fibres, glass fibres thus obtained and composite materials comprising said fibres

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Publication number
EP1506144A1
EP1506144A1 EP03752846A EP03752846A EP1506144A1 EP 1506144 A1 EP1506144 A1 EP 1506144A1 EP 03752846 A EP03752846 A EP 03752846A EP 03752846 A EP03752846 A EP 03752846A EP 1506144 A1 EP1506144 A1 EP 1506144A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
reactive
weight
hydroxy
isocyanate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03752846A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick Moireau
Christelle Pousse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Adfors SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Vetrotex France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vetrotex France SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vetrotex France SA
Publication of EP1506144A1 publication Critical patent/EP1506144A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10Coating
    • C03C25/24Coatings containing organic materials
    • C03C25/26Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
    • C03C25/32Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C03C25/326Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10Coating
    • C03C25/24Coatings containing organic materials
    • C03C25/25Non-macromolecular compounds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sizing composition for glass strands, the glass strands obtained as well as the composites incorporating said glass strands. More specifically, it relates to an anhydrous sizing composition comprising compounds with reactive isocyanate functions and compounds with hydroxyl and / or amino functions capable of reacting to form polyurethanes and / or polyureas.
  • reinforcing glass strands is carried out in a known manner from molten glass streaks flowing from the die orifices. These threads are drawn in the form of continuous filaments, then these filaments are gathered into basic threads which are then collected in various forms: coils of continuous threads, mats of continuous or cut threads, cut threads
  • the filaments are coated with a size by passing over a sizing member.
  • the application of a size is necessary on the one hand for obtaining the threads, and on the other hand for the production of composites associating the said threads as a reinforcing agent with other organic and / or inorganic materials. .
  • the size serves first of all as a lubricant and protects the wires from abrasion resulting from the high-speed friction of the wires on the various members encountered in the above-mentioned process. It is important that the glass yarn has a sliding capacity ("a sliding") sufficient to withstand subsequent processing operations, such as unwinding and winding on suitable supports or weaving, so as to avoid as much as possible friction likely to break the filaments.
  • a sliding a sliding capacity
  • the size also has the function of imparting integrity to the abovementioned threads, that is to say of binding the filaments to one another within the threads.
  • This integrity is more particularly sought after in textile applications where the threads are subjected to high mechanical stresses, in particular in traction.
  • the filaments are not very integral with each other, they tend to break more easily when they are stressed, resulting in the formation of fluff which disturbs the operation of textile machines, or even requires their complete stop.
  • the non-integral yarns are considered to be delicate to handle, in particular when it is a question of forming coils because then broken filaments appear on the sides. In addition to the unsatisfactory aesthetic appearance, it is more difficult to unwind the wires extracted from these coils.
  • the size also has the role of promoting the wetting and / or impregnation of the wires with the materials to be reinforced by creating bonds between the wires and these materials.
  • the mechanical properties of the resulting composites depend on the quality of the adhesion of the material to the wires and on the wetting and / or impregnation of the wires with the material. In most cases, the sizing makes it possible to obtain composites having improved mechanical properties.
  • the sizing compositions must also be compatible with the conditions of production of the threads which in particular impose high drawing speeds of the filaments which can reach several tens of meters per second. They must also resist the shear forces induced by the passage of the filaments, in particular with regard to the viscosity which must not fluctuate significantly, and be capable of properly wetting the surface of the filaments in order to obtain uniform sheathing over their whole length.
  • the sizing compositions which contain components capable of polymerizing after deposition on the glass must also remain stable at sub-die temperatures (of the order of 60 to 100 ° C). In particular, it is desirable to ensure that the polymerizable constituents have a low vapor pressure at the temperatures indicated in order to avoid the problems of variation in concentration resulting from the volatilization of certain constituents. It is also important to control the conversion rate defined by the ratio of the number of reacted functions in the size to the number of reactive starting functions to guarantee obtaining sized glass strands of constant quality. The conversion rate must in particular be very close to the expected theoretical rate to prevent the size from changing over time. In general, the sizing compositions are chosen so as to fulfill the functions mentioned above and not to undergo chemical reactions causing a significant increase in viscosity both during storage at room temperature and under the temperature conditions under higher die.
  • the most commonly used sizes are low viscosity aqueous sizes. Very easy to implement, they do not, however, only have advantages. In particular, these sizes contain water in very high proportion, generally more than 80%, which must be eliminated after deposition on the glass because the water causes a reduction in the adhesion between the wires and the material to be to reinforce.
  • a well-known means consists in drying the glass strands by the thermal route, but this is a long and costly operation which requires perfect adaptation to the conditions of manufacture of the strands. Furthermore, this treatment is not neutral with regard to the thread.
  • the sized yarn is in the form of windings in particular, there may be a change in the distribution of the constituents of the sizing by irregular and / or selective migration, coloring of the yarn and deformation of the winding.
  • EP-A-0 554 173 describes a size intended to coat glass strands used in the constitution of molded composite products in which the tackifying agent consists of one or more polyurethane resins, possibly associated with one or more polyepoxides.
  • JP-2000044793 it is proposed to reinforce thermoplastic materials by means of glass strands treated with a sizing composition comprising a polyurethane resin in emulsion, a coupling agent and a lubricant.
  • anhydrous sizing compositions that is to say compositions which comprise less than 5% by weight of solvent, and which consist of a basic system formed of polymerizable components.
  • the sizing composition is capable of polymerizing under the action of UV radiation or an electron beam.
  • the polymerizable basic system contains at least one component of molecular mass less than 750 having at least one epoxy function and comprising at least 60% by weight of one or more component (s) of mass molecular less than 750 having at least one epoxy, hydroxy, vinyl ether, acrylic or methacrylic function.
  • FR-A-2 772 369 describes a sizing composition for glass strands which does not require a heat treatment step after deposition on the strand. It comprises at least 60% by weight of components capable of polymerizing, these components being for at least 60% of them components of molecular mass less than 750 and these polymerizable components comprising at least one mixture of component (s) having at least at least one reactive acrylic and / or methacrylic function and of component (s) having at least one primary amine and / or secondary amine function, at least 20% by weight of these components having at least two reactive acrylic, methacrylic, primary amine and / or secondary amine.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a thermally polymerizable anhydrous sizing composition intended for coating glass strands which proceeds by reaction of compound (s) containing one or more isocyanate functions and of compound (s) containing one or more hydroxy functions , and optionally of compound (s) containing one or more amine functions.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a sizing composition whose reaction time of the polymerizable system can be modulated to adapt to the application conditions, from a system which can crosslink relatively slowly, in one or more hours, up to an extremely reactive system having a gel time of the order of ten minutes.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a sizing composition which makes it possible to control the texture of the glass strands, that is to say their stiffness and their integrity.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide glass strands coated with a size which makes them suitable for undergoing an operation intended to increase their volume (“volumization").
  • the sizing composition according to the invention consists of a solution comprising less than 5% by weight of solvent and comprising a polymerizable base system, said system comprising at least 50% by weight of a mixture:
  • component (s) containing at least one reactive hydroxy function • and optionally of component (s) containing at least one amine reactive function.
  • solvent water and organic solvents capable of being used to dissolve certain polymerizable components.
  • solvent in limited quantity does not require any special treatment to remove them.
  • the sizes according to the invention are completely devoid of solvent.
  • polymerize By “polymerize”, “polymerizable”, “polymerization”, .... is meant respectively “polymerize and / or crosslink”, “polymerizable and / or crosslinkable”, “polymerization and / or crosslinking”, ....
  • reactive function is meant a function capable of intervening in the polymerization reaction of the size, the polymerization being able to be carried out at the usual temperature for producing the yarns (of the order of 20
  • polymerizable basic system means all of the essential components which make it possible to obtain the polyurethane / polyurea structure expected from the size.
  • isocyanate component (s) by “hydroxy component (s)” and by “amine component (s)” is meant respectively “component (s) containing at least one isocyanate reactive function", “ component (s) containing at least one reactive hydroxy function "and” component (s) containing at least one reactive amine function ".
  • the sizing composition according to the invention is compatible with the conditions for obtaining glass strands imposed by the direct process, the viscosity of the composition being adapted as a function of the drawing speed and the diameter of the filaments brought to the to cross. As a general rule, it is desirable that the viscosity does not exceed 400 mPa.s, preferably 150 mPa.s, so that the sizing composition can be distributed homogeneously on the surface of the glass filaments.
  • the composition according to the invention also has a wetting speed on the wire compatible with the drawing speed of the wires.
  • the basic polymerizable system represents 50 to 100% by weight of the sizing composition according to the invention, mainly 60 to 100% by weight of the composition and, in most cases, 75 to 90% by weight. weight of the composition.
  • the basic system is mainly made up (preferably 75% by weight and up to 100% by weight in the majority of cases) of isocyanate component (s) and hydroxy component (s), optionally of amine component (s), the use of this mixture of components making it possible to obtain polyurethane or poly (urethane-urea) polymers by reaction of the various isocyanate, hydroxy and amine functions of the starting constituents. It is these polymers which mainly participate in the structure of the size, and from this structure flow directly the properties of the sized glass strands.
  • the basic system comprises a majority (preferably at least 70% by weight and better still at least 80% by weight) of component (s) of molecular weight less than 750, this component (s) making normally part, for most of the aforementioned isocyanate, hydroxy and amine components.
  • the components of molecular mass less than 750 previously mentioned are of molecular mass less than 600.
  • the basic system contains components of molecular mass greater than 750, it advantageously comprises one or more components isocyanate and / or hydroxy and / or amine with a molecular mass greater than 1000 (prepolymers).
  • the total content of these components is generally less than 20% by weight of the sizing composition, preferably less than 15%, because beyond the viscosity as well as the reactivity of the composition becomes too high to allow the deposition of the sizing on the glass strands under the conditions of the abovementioned process.
  • the reactivity of the basic system is modulated to adapt to the application conditions.
  • the freezing time has an important influence on the quality of the removal of the size and on the construction of the windings when the wire is collected in the form of coils.
  • the freezing time must not be less than approximately 10 minutes to allow the sizing to be deposited under the die by means of sizing rollers without major risk of gelling on the rollers.
  • the freezing time must not exceed 1.5 hours in order to be able to obtain windings of manipulable wires at the outlet of the winder. Freezing times varying from 15 to 45 minutes prove entirely satisfactory.
  • the basic system according to the invention may optionally comprise a small proportion (less than 20%) of component (s) participating in the structure of the polymerized size but having no isocyanate, hydroxy or amine and / or molecular weight greater than or equal to 1000.
  • the proportion of these components is less than 15%.
  • the basic system consists of isocyanate component (s) containing at least two isocyanate reactive functions, of hydroxy component (s) containing at least one function reactive hydroxy, and optionally of component (s) containing at least one reactive amine function.
  • the basic system consists either of isocyanate component (s) containing three reactive isocyanate functions and of hydroxy component (s) containing one to three reactive hydroxy functions, or of isocyanate component (s) containing three reactive isocyanate functions , of hydroxy component (s) containing a reactive hydroxy function and of amine component (s) containing two reactive primary amine functions.
  • all or part of the hydroxy components of the basic system may contain one or more reactive hydroxy functions and one or more reactive amine functions.
  • the isocyanate component (s) of the basic system can in particular be chosen from:
  • - aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanates such as hexylisocyanate, dodecylisocyanate, hexadecylisocyanate, cyclohexylisocyanate, 1-adamantylisocyanate, 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1, 12-dodecamethylisocyanate (diocyanide IPDI), 1, 1-methylenebis (4-isocyanatocyclohexane)
  • HMDI transcyclohexane-1, 4-diisocyanate (CHDI), esters such as butyl isocyanatoacetate and ethyl 3-isocyanatopropionate, or ethers such as trifluoroacetylisocyanate, - aromatic isocyanates such as 3,5-dimethylphenylisocyanate, 4-methoxybenzylisocyanate, 4-dimethylaminophenylisocyanate, 4-methoxyphenylisocyanate, 4-ethoxyphenylisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) 1,5-diisocyanate (NDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI),
  • prepolymers for instance Tolonate ® HDT and Tolonate ® HDB (NCO content: 20-25%; marketed by Rhodia), polyethers of the reaction products and isocyanates such as TDI prepolymers polytetramethylene glycol, e.g. Castomer E ® 1009 and
  • Castomer ® E 1004 (NCO rate: 4.2 and 9.3% respectively; marketed by BAXENDEN); polypropylene glycol / TDI prepolymers, for example Trixene ® DP9B / 1534 (NCO rate: 4.4%; marketed by BAXENDEN) and reaction products of polyesters and isocyanates, in particular TDI, for example Castomer ®
  • the isocyanates which have just been mentioned, some are monomers whose vapor pressure is relatively high, which makes them potentially toxic to humans. This is why, the isocyanates which are in the form of prepolymers of molecular mass at least equal to 400 and preferably at least equal to 450 are preferred.
  • the molecular mass is less than or equal to 2000, preferably less or equal to
  • the prepolymer has a content of free isocyanate reactive function (level of NCO) at least equal to 3%, and preferably less than 25%, and advantageously greater than or equal to 5%.
  • the proportion of isocyanate component (s) in the basic system represents 15 to 75% by weight, and preferably 30 to 60
  • isocyanate component (s) is generally between 10 and 50% by weight, and preferably between 20 and 40%.
  • the hydroxy component (s) of the basic system can be chosen from: - aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols such as Phexanol, Poctanol, dodecanol, cyclohexanol, 1, 2-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1, 3-propanediol, butanediol, butenediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, cyclohexanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol,
  • - aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols such as Phexanol, Poctanol, dodecanol, cyclohexanol, 1, 2-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1, 3-propanediol, butanedi
  • - tertiary alkanolamines such as 2- (diisopropylamino) ethanol, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol, 3-diethylamino-1, 2-propanediol, 3-diisopropylamino-1, 2-propanediol, N-butyl -diethanolamine, triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine, - monohydroxylated components of the hydroxy-terminated polyester type obtained by reaction of fatty acid and of poly (alkylene oxide) such as polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol isostearate, components of the terminated polyether type hydroxy obtained by reaction of fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, for example lauric alcohol with 4 units of ethylene oxide, or by reaction of alkylphenol and oxide ethylene and / or propylene oxide, for example nonylphenol with 8 ethylene oxide units,
  • poly (alkylene oxide) such as polyethylene glycol or polyprop
  • poly (oxyalkylene) polyols for example poly (oxyethylene) polyols, poly (oxypropylene) polyols, poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene) - polyols, poly (tetrahydrofuran) polyols and poly (caprolactone) polyols, preferably whose molecular mass is less than 1500.
  • hydroxylated compounds which have just been mentioned, preference is given to those which comprise more than 5 carbon atoms.
  • Compounds having a lower number of carbon atoms can be used when it is desired to lower the viscosity of the basic system and / or limit the length of the chains during polymerization.
  • the hydroxy components are chosen from alcohols containing at least two reactive hydroxy functions, and better still two or three hydroxy functions.
  • the hydroxy components can comprise one or more amine functions. Examples of such components are shown below.
  • hydroxy components components containing one or more epoxy functions, the epoxy ring of which can be opened under the action of a catalyst to generate a secondary hydroxyl.
  • the catalyst which can be used for this purpose can be any catalyst known to a person skilled in the art, as indicated below.
  • components containing an epoxy function such as cyclohexene monoxide, glycidyl ethers, in particular C 4 -C 20 alkyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, alkylphenyl glycidyl ethers, monoglycidyl ethers of bisphenol derivatives A, in particular of acryloxybisphenol A, the components containing several epoxy functions such as polyglycidyl ethers, in particular 1, 4-butanedioldiglycidyléther, neopentylglycoldiglycidyléther, cyclohexanedimethanoldiglycidyléther, resorcinoldiglycidmatietheid or polybutylidher, trimethylolpropanetriglycidylether and polyglycidyl ethers of alkyl polyesters.
  • an epoxy function such as cyclohexene monoxide, glycid
  • the proportion of hydroxy component (s) varies from 15 to 60% by weight of the basic system, and preferably from 20 to 50%.
  • hydroxy component (s) are components comprising at least two reactive hydroxy functions, and advantageously at least 20%.
  • the content of hydroxy component (s) in the composition is generally between 15 and 55% by weight, and preferably between 25 and 45%.
  • the number of reactive sites of hydroxy components which can react with reactive sites of isocyanate components can vary to a large extent.
  • the ratio r of the number of isocyanate reactive sites to the number of hydroxy reactive sites varies from 0.1 to 6, and preferably from 0.3 to 4, it being understood that an isocyanate function counts for an isocyanate reactive site and that a hydroxy function counts for a reactive hydroxy site.
  • the amine component (s) of the basic system can be chosen from the components containing one or more primary and / or secondary amine functions such as the components with a linear, branched or cyclic, for example N, N-dibutylamine, N, N-dicyclohexylamine, aminoethylpiperazine, 2 (2-aminoethoxy) ethanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1 -propanol, N- (2-aminoethyl) ethanolamine, 2-amino-2-ethyl-
  • the amino components are chosen from the components containing at least two primary and / or secondary amine functions.
  • a ketone in particular of a diketone such as pentanedione , dibenzoylmethane, 2,2,6,6-trifluoro-3,5-heptanedione, dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedione-2,5-dicarboxylate, 4,4,4-trifluoro-1- (2- naphthyl) -1, 3-butanedione, thenoyl-trifluoroacetone, 2,2-dimethyl-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-3,5-octanedione, 3-methyl-2, 4-pentanedione, 1- (2-furyl) -1, 3-butanedione and
  • the proportion of amine component (s) represents 0 to 30% by weight of the basic system and in most cases it is between 5 and 30%.
  • the content of amine component (s) in the composition is generally between 0 and 30% by weight, and preferably between 0 and 20%.
  • the number of reactive sites of the amine components which can react with the reactive sites of the isocyanate components can vary to a large extent.
  • the ratio r ′ of the number of isocyanate reactive sites to the sum of the number of hydroxy reactive sites and the number of amine reactive sites varies from 0.1 to 6, and preferably from 0.3 to 4, it being understood that an isocyanate function counts for an isocyanate site, that a hydroxy function counts for a reactive hydroxy site, that a primary amine function counts for two reactive amine sites and that a secondary amine function counts for an reactive amine site.
  • the sizing composition may comprise, in addition to the basic system, at least one catalyst promoting the polymerization of the sizing. It can be for example a specific catalyst for the synthesis of polyurethanes such as 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane and 1, 8-diazabiscyclo [5.4.0] undéc-7-ene, or a catalyst suitable for epoxy components , such as tris (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl) benzene, tris (N, N-dimethylaminopropyl) triazine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine and 2-propylimidazole.
  • a catalyst suitable for epoxy components such as tris (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl) benzene, tris (N, N-dimethylaminopropyl) triazine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine and 2-propylimidazole.
  • the level of components acting solely as catalysts of the basic system is generally less than 5% by weight of the size composition, preferably less than 3% by weight and in most cases of the order of 0.5%.
  • the sizing composition can also comprise, within the limits indicated above, a solvent facilitating the dissolution of certain components of the basic system.
  • a solvent facilitating the dissolution of certain components of the basic system.
  • the size composition may comprise one or more components (hereinafter referred to as additives).
  • additives give the sizing particular properties and, when the composition is deposited in two stages, as is preferred, they can be provided by one and / or the other of the compositions constituting the sizing.
  • the composition according to the invention may comprise, as an additive, at least one coupling agent allowing the size to be attached to the glass.
  • the coupling agent can be a component of the basic system, in which case it takes part in the polymerization reaction, or a component which acts only as an additive.
  • the proportion of coupling agent (s) is generally between 0 and 30% by weight of the sizing composition and in most cases it is greater than 5% by weight. Preferably, it is between 10 and 25% of the composition.
  • the coupling agent is generally chosen from silanes such as gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-acryloxypropyltrimethoxy-silane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, poly (oxyethylene / oxypropylene) trimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethyl vinyl phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, styrylaminoethyl- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane or terbutylcarbamoylpropyltrimethoxysilane, siloxanes, titanates, zirconates and mixtures of these compounds.
  • the silanes are preferably
  • the composition may comprise, as an additive, at least one textile processing agent essentially playing a role of lubricant, and it is in many cases necessary for the composition to have the functions of a size.
  • the proportion of textile processing agent is generally between 0 and 30% by weight of the composition, and preferably is between 3 and 20%.
  • the textile processing agent is generally chosen from fatty esters, optionally alkoxylated, such as decyl laurate, isopropyl palmitate, cetyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, isobutyl stearate, trimethylolpropane trioctanoate, trimethylolpropane tridecanoate, alkylphenol derivatives such as ethoxylated nonylphenol, fatty alcohols, optionally alkoxylated, such as laurate or polyethylene glycol stearate with methyl endings advantageously comprising less than 10 oxyethylene units, mixtures with base of mineral oils, and mixtures of these compounds.
  • the agents are preferably free of functions capable of reacting preferentially with the isocyanate, hydroxy and / or amine functions.
  • composition according to the invention can be deposited on the glass filaments in one or more stages.
  • the preferred solution in this embodiment consists in using polyisocyanates whose reactive isocyanate functions are blocked by protective groups and the functions which can be released by the addition of a release agent.
  • composition according to the invention is preferably deposited in several stages, for example as indicated under the conditions of the process described in
  • strands of molten glass flowing from orifices arranged at the base of one or more dies are drawn in the form of one or more plies of continuous filaments, and then they are combined the filaments in one or more threads which are collected on one or more moving supports.
  • the size is deposited by applying to the filaments a first stable composition with a viscosity of between 0.5 and 300 mPa.s, and at least one second stable composition with a viscosity of between 0.5 and 250 mPa.s, brought separately from the first composition.
  • the second composition can be deposited on the filaments at the earliest when the first composition is deposited or on the threads at the latest when they are collected on the supports.
  • the viscosity difference between the compositions is generally less than 150 mPa.s.
  • the composition according to the invention is preferably applied in two stages, the first composition preferably comprising the polyisocyanate component (s), and optionally one or more additives, and the second composition comprising the hydroxy component (s) and / or the amine component (s), and optionally one or more additives, in particular the polymerization catalyst (s).
  • Depositing the size in two stages is particularly advantageous. It allows better control of polymerization reactions and therefore the sizing has a uniform quality over the entire length of the strands while ensuring high productivity with a reduced risk of breakage of the strands.
  • the polymerization of the size deposited on the wire does not require additional energy input. It is however possible to subject the yarn after fiberizing to a heat treatment at different stages of the process in order to accelerate the polymerization. This treatment can be applied to yarns collected in the form of a winding, on sheets of continuous or cut yarns, or else on yarns in association with an organic material for producing composites.
  • the sized threads are generally collected in the form of windings on rotating supports, such as cakes, rovings and "cops". Whatever the state of polymerization of the size and the crossing angle, even when the latter is small (less than 1.5 °), it is easy to unwind the wires coming from the windings and to handle them. Windings with straight edges retain their dimensional characteristics over time and do not undergo any deformation.
  • the threads can also be used subsequently for the production of grids, fabrics, braids, ribbons, etc.
  • the wires can also be collected on receiving supports in translation. They can in particular be projected by a member also serving to stretch them towards the collecting surface moving transversely to the direction of the projected threads in order to obtain a web of intermingled or "matt" continuous threads.
  • the wires can also be cut before collection by an organ that also feels the need to stretch them.
  • the presence of polyurethane or poly (urethane-urea) polymers in the size provides flexibility in bonding and allows the filaments to be able to move relative to one another. In this way, the integrity of the glass strands is improved.
  • the yarns coated with the sizing composition according to the invention prove to be particularly advantageous for making fabrics or for applications requiring them to be cut, as in the technique of molding by simultaneous projection.
  • the sized glass wire according to the invention is remarkable in that it can be treated in order to increase its volume and obtain what is commonly called a "voluminized" wire.
  • the treatment consists in passing the wire through a system comprising one or more nozzles traversed by an air flow and then in collecting it. in the form of a winding on a suitable device. This wire can then be woven to form in particular wall fabrics to be painted.
  • the glass filaments constituting these strands have a diameter which can vary to a large extent, most often from 5 to 30 ⁇ m. They can be made of any glass, the best known in the field of reinforcing wires being E glass and AR glass.
  • the wires obtained according to the invention can be advantageously used to reinforce various materials with a view to obtaining composite parts having high mechanical properties.
  • the composites are obtained by combining at least glass strands according to the invention and at least one organic and / or inorganic material, the content of glass in the final composite generally varying from 1 to 5% by weight (cement matrix) and 20 to 80% by weight, and preferably 30 to 70% (organic matrix).
  • the viscosity is measured using a SOFRASER MIVI 4000 device sold by SOFRASER. It is expressed in mPa.s. the gel time, expressed in minutes, is measured on the mixture of compositions A and B using a TROMBOMAT device (marketed by PRODEMAT S.A.) which traces the viscosity curve of the sizing composition as a function of time. On this curve, the point of intersection between the tangent to the point of inflection and the abscissa axis corresponds to the freezing time.
  • the quantity of flock makes it possible to assess the abrasion resistance of a thread. It is measured by weighing the quantity of material that comes off the wire after it has passed over a series of 8 cylindrical ceramic fixtures arranged so that the angle of deflection of the wire at each fixture is equal to 90 °. . The amount of fill is given in mg per 1 kg of yarn tested.
  • the stiffness or stiffness is measured under the conditions defined by standard ISO 3375, on 10 test pieces, before and after submission to the abrasion resistance test mentioned above. The stiffness is expressed in mm and it is noted x (y), x and y representing the value measured respectively before and after passing over the tie-downs.
  • a sized wire whose value of y is less than 100 mm, and preferably close to 60 mm (the lowest value that can be obtained) is rather used for applications requiring good impregnation by the matrix.
  • a yarn having a value of x greater than or equal to 120 and a value of y greater than or equal to 100 is suitable for a use requiring high integrity of the yarn, for example for weaving and possibly for cutting.
  • the tensile strength is measured under the conditions defined by standard ISO 3341. It is expressed in g / tex.
  • the flexural breaking stress and the flexural modulus are measured under the conditions defined by ISO standard 178, before and after aging by immersion in water at 100 ° C for 24 hours (composites with polyester resin) and 72 hours (composites with epoxy resin). It is expressed in MPa.
  • composition A triisocyanate (1)
  • 35 gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (2)
  • compositions A and B have a viscosity equal to 49 mPa.s (at 21 ° C) and 58 mPa.s (at 22.5 ° C), respectively.
  • compositions A and B are mixed in equal parts.
  • the mixture has a viscosity equal to 1000 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 21 minutes.
  • the ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition have identical values equal to 0.487.
  • the filaments are brought together to form a thread which is wound on a rotating support in order to obtain a direct roving of 14 kg.
  • the wire has a linear density of 297 tex and a loss on ignition of 0.65%.
  • This yarn has a tensile strength equal to 38.7 g / tex, a stiffness equal to 162 mm (122 mm) and an amount of flock equal to 8 mg.
  • the first resin is an epoxy resin consisting of 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin (5) , 90 parts by weight of phthalic anhydride (6) and 0.5 parts by weight of tertiary amine (7) .
  • the second resin is an unsaturated polyester resin made up of 100 parts by weight of isophthalic polyester (8) and 1.5 parts by weight of peroxide (9) .
  • composition A Composition A
  • the mixture A and B are made in equal parts.
  • the mixture has a viscosity equal to 2000 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 20 minutes.
  • Compositions A and B have a viscosity of 49 cP (at 21 ° C) and 68 cP (at 22.5 ° C), respectively.
  • the ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition have identical values equal to 0.998.
  • the filaments are brought together to form a thread which is wound on a rotating support in order to obtain a direct roving of 14 kg.
  • the wire has a linear density of 286 tex and a loss on ignition of 0.76%.
  • This yarn has a tensile strength equal to 34.5 g / tex, a stiffness equal to 157 mm (110 mm) and an amount of flock equal to 5 mg.
  • composition A triisocyanate (1) 35 gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (2) 15 gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3) 5 isopropyl palmitate 5
  • composition B • 1,5-pentanediol 18
  • Compositions A and B have a viscosity equal to 49 cP (at 21 ° C) and 58 cP (at 22.5 ° C), respectively.
  • the ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition have identical values equal to 0.375.
  • the mixture A and B are made in equal parts.
  • the mixture has a viscosity equal to 60 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 26 minutes.
  • a wire with a linear mass equal to 287 tex is formed which is collected on a series of coils.
  • This wire undergoes a "voluminization" treatment under the following conditions: the wires extracted from two coils are collected and they are passed successively over a first drawing cup (speed: 220 m / min), in a nozzle (diameter d '' inlet and outlet equal to 0.7 and 2.2 mm respectively; air pressure: 6-6.5 bars), on a second drawing cup (speed: 183.5 m / min) and finally on winding device (pressure: 2.5 bars).
  • the wire obtained has a linear mass of 640 tex, a stiffness before embarrassment equal to 110 mm, a loss on ignition equal to 0.21% and does not reveal any sticky deposit.
  • the yarn obtained has sufficient breaking strength to be able to be woven.
  • the fabric formed has a good “covering” (is “closed"), is highly hydrophobic and has a good ability to impregnate with polyvinyl acetate (loss on ignition about 17%). It can be used as a painting canvas.
  • composition A triisocyanate (11) 35 gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (2) 10 gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3) 10 • isopropyl palmitate 5
  • composition B polyethylene glycol isostearate (4) 9
  • the ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition have identical values equal to 0.589.
  • the mixture A and B are made in equal parts.
  • the mixture has a viscosity equal to 2800 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 32 minutes.
  • the filaments are gathered into 51 tex threads which are wound into cakes. From the yarns extracted from 24 cakes, a 1400 tex yarn is formed which has a loss on ignition of 1.28%.
  • the wire has medium integrity and stiffness and can be easily cut. Its ability to be impregnated with a polyester resin is evaluated at 1, measured visually on a scale going from 0 (bad; absence of wetting) to 5 (excellent; invisible thread in the resin).
  • the wire can be used as reinforcement in materials of the SMC type ("Sheet Molding Compound").
  • composition A triisocyanate (1) 35 gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (2) 15 isopropyl palmitate 7
  • the ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition are equal to 4.71 and 3.01 respectively.
  • the mixture A and B are made in equal parts.
  • the mixture has a viscosity equal to 716 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 10.5 minutes.
  • the filaments are brought together to form a thread which is wound on a rotating support in order to obtain a direct roving of 20 kg.
  • the wire has a linear mass of 315 tex, a loss on ignition of 0.57%. It has a tensile strength equal to 31.1 g / tex, a stiffness equal to 170 mm (80 mm) and an amount of fill equal to 1.6 mg.
  • the yarn thus obtained is woven and the fabric is used for the reinforcement of epoxy, polyester and phenolic matrices.

Abstract

The invention relates to a sizing composition consisting of a solution comprising less than 5 wt.- % solvent and a polymerisable base system, said system containing at least 50 wt.- % components of a mixture of: component(s) having at least one isocyanate-reactive function; component(s) having at least one hydroxy-reactive function; and, optionally, component(s) having at least one amine-reactive function. The invention also relates to glass fibres which are covered with the aforementioned sizing composition. The glass fibres thus obtained can be used to reinforce organic or inorganic materials.

Description

COMPOSITION D'ENSIMAGE ANHYDRE A BASE DE POLYURETHANE POURPOLYURETHANE-BASED ANHYDRO SIZING COMPOSITION FOR
FILS DE VERRE, FILS DE VERRE OBTENUS ET COMPOSITESGLASS WIRES, OBTAINED GLASS WIRES, AND COMPOSITES
COMPRENANT LESDITS FILSINCLUDING SAID THREADS
La présente invention concerne une composition d'ensimage pour fils de verre, les fils de verre obtenus ainsi que les composites incorporant lesdits fils de verre. Plus précisément, elle a trait à une composition d'ensimage anhydre comprenant des composés à fonctions réactives isocyanate et des composés à fonctions hydroxyle et/ou aminé susceptibles de réagir pour former des polyuréthanes et/ou des polyurées.The present invention relates to a sizing composition for glass strands, the glass strands obtained as well as the composites incorporating said glass strands. More specifically, it relates to an anhydrous sizing composition comprising compounds with reactive isocyanate functions and compounds with hydroxyl and / or amino functions capable of reacting to form polyurethanes and / or polyureas.
La fabrication de fils de verre de renforcement se fait de manière connue à partir de filets de verre fondu s'écoulant des orifices de filières. Ces filets sont étirés sous forme de filaments continus, puis ces filaments sont rassemblés en fils de base qui sont ensuite collectés sous diverses formes : bobines de fils continus, mats de fils continus ou coupés, fils coupésThe manufacture of reinforcing glass strands is carried out in a known manner from molten glass streaks flowing from the die orifices. These threads are drawn in the form of continuous filaments, then these filaments are gathered into basic threads which are then collected in various forms: coils of continuous threads, mats of continuous or cut threads, cut threads
Avant leur rassemblement sous la forme de fils, les filaments sont revêtus d'un ensimage par passage sur un organe ensimeur. L'application d'un ensimage est nécessaire d'une part à l'obtention des fils, et d'autre part à la réalisation de composites associant lesdits fils en tant qu'agent de renforcement à d'autres matières organiques et/ou inorganiques.Before their gathering in the form of threads, the filaments are coated with a size by passing over a sizing member. The application of a size is necessary on the one hand for obtaining the threads, and on the other hand for the production of composites associating the said threads as a reinforcing agent with other organic and / or inorganic materials. .
L'ensimage sert en premier lieu de lubrifiant et protège les fils de l'abrasion résultant du frottement à grande vitesse des fils sur les différents organes rencontrés dans le procédé précédemment cité. Il est important que le fil de verre possède une aptitude au glissement ("un glissant") suffisante pour résister aux opérations de transformation postérieures, telles que le dévidage et l'enroulement sur des supports appropriés ou le tissage, de manière à éviter au maximum les frottements susceptibles de briser les filaments.The size serves first of all as a lubricant and protects the wires from abrasion resulting from the high-speed friction of the wires on the various members encountered in the above-mentioned process. It is important that the glass yarn has a sliding capacity ("a sliding") sufficient to withstand subsequent processing operations, such as unwinding and winding on suitable supports or weaving, so as to avoid as much as possible friction likely to break the filaments.
L'ensimage a également pour fonction de conférer une intégrité aux fils précités, c'est-à-dire de lier les filaments entre eux au sein des fils. Cette intégrité est plus particulièrement recherchée dans les applications textiles où les fils sont soumis à de fortes contraintes mécaniques, notamment en traction. Ainsi, lorsque les filaments sont peu solidaires les uns des autres, ils ont tendance à se rompre plus facilement quand ils sont sollicités, entraînant la formation de bourre qui perturbe le fonctionnement des machines textiles, voire même nécessite leur arrêt complet. De plus, les fils non intègres sont considérés comme délicats à manipuler, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de former des bobines car alors des filaments brisés apparaissent sur les flancs. Outre l'aspect esthétique peu satisfaisant, il est plus difficile de dérouler les fils extraits de ces bobines. L'ensimage a également pour rôle de favoriser le mouillage et/ou l'imprégnation des fils par les matières à renforcer en créant des liaisons entre les fils et ces matières. De la qualité de l'adhérence de la matière aux fils et de l'aptitude au mouillage et/ou à l'imprégnation des fils par la matière dépendent les propriétés mécaniques des composites résultants. Dans la plupart des cas, l'ensimage permet d'obtenir des composites présentant des propriétés mécaniques améliorées.The size also has the function of imparting integrity to the abovementioned threads, that is to say of binding the filaments to one another within the threads. This integrity is more particularly sought after in textile applications where the threads are subjected to high mechanical stresses, in particular in traction. Thus, when the filaments are not very integral with each other, they tend to break more easily when they are stressed, resulting in the formation of fluff which disturbs the operation of textile machines, or even requires their complete stop. In addition, the non-integral yarns are considered to be delicate to handle, in particular when it is a question of forming coils because then broken filaments appear on the sides. In addition to the unsatisfactory aesthetic appearance, it is more difficult to unwind the wires extracted from these coils. The size also has the role of promoting the wetting and / or impregnation of the wires with the materials to be reinforced by creating bonds between the wires and these materials. The mechanical properties of the resulting composites depend on the quality of the adhesion of the material to the wires and on the wetting and / or impregnation of the wires with the material. In most cases, the sizing makes it possible to obtain composites having improved mechanical properties.
Les compositions d'ensimage doivent aussi être compatibles avec les conditions de production des fils qui imposent notamment des vitesses d'étirage des filaments élevées pouvant atteindre plusieurs dizaines de mètres par seconde. Elles doivent également résister aux forces de cisaillement induit par le passage des filaments, notamment au regard de la viscosité qui ne doit pas fluctuer de manière sensible, et être aptes à mouiller correctement la surface des filaments afin d'obtenir un gainage uniforme sur toute leur longueur.The sizing compositions must also be compatible with the conditions of production of the threads which in particular impose high drawing speeds of the filaments which can reach several tens of meters per second. They must also resist the shear forces induced by the passage of the filaments, in particular with regard to the viscosity which must not fluctuate significantly, and be capable of properly wetting the surface of the filaments in order to obtain uniform sheathing over their whole length.
Les compositions d'ensimage qui contiennent des composants aptes à polymériser après dépôt sur le verre doivent en outre demeurer stables aux températures sous filière (de l'ordre de 60 à 100°C). Notamment, il est souhaitable de faire en sorte que les constituants polymérisables possèdent une faible tension de vapeur aux températures indiquées afin d'éviter les problèmes de variation de concentration résultant de la volatilisation de certains constituants. Il est également important de contrôler le taux de conversion défini par le rapport du nombre de fonctions ayant réagi dans l'ensimage au nombre de fonctions réactives de départ pour garantir l'obtention de fils de verre ensimés de qualité constante. Le taux de conversion doit notamment être très proche du taux théorique attendu pour éviter que l'ensimage n'évolue dans le temps. En règle générale, les compositions d'ensimage sont choisies de façon à remplir les fonctions précédemment citées et à ne pas subir de réactions chimiques provoquant une augmentation importante de la viscosité aussi bien pendant le stockage à la température ambiante que dans les conditions de températures sous filière plus élevées.The sizing compositions which contain components capable of polymerizing after deposition on the glass must also remain stable at sub-die temperatures (of the order of 60 to 100 ° C). In particular, it is desirable to ensure that the polymerizable constituents have a low vapor pressure at the temperatures indicated in order to avoid the problems of variation in concentration resulting from the volatilization of certain constituents. It is also important to control the conversion rate defined by the ratio of the number of reacted functions in the size to the number of reactive starting functions to guarantee obtaining sized glass strands of constant quality. The conversion rate must in particular be very close to the expected theoretical rate to prevent the size from changing over time. In general, the sizing compositions are chosen so as to fulfill the functions mentioned above and not to undergo chemical reactions causing a significant increase in viscosity both during storage at room temperature and under the temperature conditions under higher die.
Les ensimages les plus couramment employés sont des ensimages aqueux à faible viscosité. Très faciles à mettre en œuvre, ils ne présentent cependant pas que des avantages. Notamment, ces ensimages contiennent de l'eau en très forte proportion, généralement plus de 80 %, que l'on doit éliminer après le dépôt sur le verre car l'eau entraîne une diminution de l'adhérence entre les fils et la matière à renforcer. Un moyen bien connu consiste à sécher les fils de verre par la voie thermique, mais il s'agit d'une opération longue et coûteuse qui nécessite une adaptation parfaite aux conditions de fabrication des fils. Par ailleurs, ce traitement n'est pas neutre au regard du fil. Lorsque le fil ensimé est sous la forme d'enroulements notamment, il peut se produire une modification de la répartition des constituants de l'ensimage par migration irrégulière et/ou sélective, une coloration du fil et une déformation de l'enroulement.The most commonly used sizes are low viscosity aqueous sizes. Very easy to implement, they do not, however, only have advantages. In particular, these sizes contain water in very high proportion, generally more than 80%, which must be eliminated after deposition on the glass because the water causes a reduction in the adhesion between the wires and the material to be to reinforce. A well-known means consists in drying the glass strands by the thermal route, but this is a long and costly operation which requires perfect adaptation to the conditions of manufacture of the strands. Furthermore, this treatment is not neutral with regard to the thread. When the sized yarn is in the form of windings in particular, there may be a change in the distribution of the constituents of the sizing by irregular and / or selective migration, coloring of the yarn and deformation of the winding.
Des compositions d'ensimage aqueuses renfermant des polyuréthanes ont déjà été proposées. Ainsi, EP-A-0 554 173 décrit un ensimage destiné à revêtir des fils de verre entrant dans la constitution de produits composites moulés dont l'agent collant est constitué d'une ou plusieurs résines polyuréthane, éventuellement associées à un ou plusieurs polyépoxydes. Dans JP-2000044793, il est proposé renforcer des matières thermoplastiques au moyen de fils de verre traités avec une composition d'ensimage comprenant une résine polyuréthane en émulsion, un agent de couplage et un lubrifiant.Aqueous sizing compositions containing polyurethanes have already been proposed. Thus, EP-A-0 554 173 describes a size intended to coat glass strands used in the constitution of molded composite products in which the tackifying agent consists of one or more polyurethane resins, possibly associated with one or more polyepoxides. In JP-2000044793, it is proposed to reinforce thermoplastic materials by means of glass strands treated with a sizing composition comprising a polyurethane resin in emulsion, a coupling agent and a lubricant.
Par ailleurs, on connaît des compositions d'ensimage dites anhydres, c'est-à- dire qui comprennent moins de 5% en poids de solvant, et qui sont constituées d'un système de base formé de composants polymérisables.In addition, so-called anhydrous sizing compositions are known, that is to say compositions which comprise less than 5% by weight of solvent, and which consist of a basic system formed of polymerizable components.
Dans FR-A-2 727 972, la composition d'ensimage est susceptible de polymériser sous l'action d'un rayonnement UV ou d'un faisceau d'électrons. Le système de base polymérisable contient au moins un composant de masse moléculaire inférieure à 750 présentant au moins une fonction époxy et comprenant au moins 60% en poids d'un ou plusieurs composant(s) de masse moléculaire inférieure à 750 présentant au moins une fonction époxy, hydroxy, vinyléther, acrylique ou méthacrylique.In FR-A-2 727 972, the sizing composition is capable of polymerizing under the action of UV radiation or an electron beam. The polymerizable basic system contains at least one component of molecular mass less than 750 having at least one epoxy function and comprising at least 60% by weight of one or more component (s) of mass molecular less than 750 having at least one epoxy, hydroxy, vinyl ether, acrylic or methacrylic function.
FR-A-2 772 369 décrit une composition d'ensimage pour fils de verre qui ne nécessite pas d'étape de traitement thermique postérieurement au dépôt sur le fil. Elle comprend au moins 60 % en poids de composants susceptibles de polymériser, ces composants étant pour au moins 60 % d'entre eux des composants de masse moléculaire inférieure à 750 et ces composants polymérisables comprenant au moins un mélange de composant(s) ayant au moins une fonction réactive acrylique et/ou méthacrylique et de composant(s) ayant au moins une fonction amine primaire et/ou amine secondaire, au moins 20 % en poids de ces composants présentant au moins deux fonctions réactives acrylique, méthacrylique, amine primaire et/ou amine secondaire.FR-A-2 772 369 describes a sizing composition for glass strands which does not require a heat treatment step after deposition on the strand. It comprises at least 60% by weight of components capable of polymerizing, these components being for at least 60% of them components of molecular mass less than 750 and these polymerizable components comprising at least one mixture of component (s) having at least at least one reactive acrylic and / or methacrylic function and of component (s) having at least one primary amine and / or secondary amine function, at least 20% by weight of these components having at least two reactive acrylic, methacrylic, primary amine and / or secondary amine.
La présente invention a pour but de proposer une composition d'ensimage anhydre polymérisable thermiquement destinée à revêtir des fils de verre qui procède par réaction de composé(s) renfermant une ou plusieurs fonctions isocyanate et de composé(s) renfermant une ou plusieurs fonctions hydroxy, et éventuellement de composé(s) renfermant une ou plusieurs fonctions amine.The object of the present invention is to propose a thermally polymerizable anhydrous sizing composition intended for coating glass strands which proceeds by reaction of compound (s) containing one or more isocyanate functions and of compound (s) containing one or more hydroxy functions , and optionally of compound (s) containing one or more amine functions.
Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer une composition d'ensimage dont le temps de réaction du système polymérisable peut être modulé pour s'adapter aux conditions d'application, depuis un système pouvant réticuler relativement lentement, en une ou plusieurs heures, jusqu'à un système extrêmement réactif présentant un temps de gel de l'ordre d'une dizaine de minutes.Another object of the present invention is to provide a sizing composition whose reaction time of the polymerizable system can be modulated to adapt to the application conditions, from a system which can crosslink relatively slowly, in one or more hours, up to an extremely reactive system having a gel time of the order of ten minutes.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer une composition d'ensimage qui permet de contrôler la texture des fils de verre, c'est-à-dire leur raideur et leur intégrité.Another object of the invention is to propose a sizing composition which makes it possible to control the texture of the glass strands, that is to say their stiffness and their integrity.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer des fils de verre revêtus d'un ensimage qui les rend aptes à subir une opération destinée à augmenter leur volume (« voluminisation ») . La composition d'ensimage selon l'invention est constituée d'une solution comprenant moins de 5 % en poids de solvant et comprenant un système de base polymérisable, ledit système comprenant au moins 50 % en poids d'un mélange :Another object of the invention is to provide glass strands coated with a size which makes them suitable for undergoing an operation intended to increase their volume ("volumization"). The sizing composition according to the invention consists of a solution comprising less than 5% by weight of solvent and comprising a polymerizable base system, said system comprising at least 50% by weight of a mixture:
• de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive isocyanate,• component (s) containing at least one isocyanate reactive function,
• et de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive hydroxy, • et éventuellement de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive amine.• and of component (s) containing at least one reactive hydroxy function, • and optionally of component (s) containing at least one amine reactive function.
Dans la présente invention, les expressions ci-après ont la signification suivante : Par « solvant », on entend l'eau et les solvants organiques susceptibles d'être mis en œuvre pour solubiliser certains composants polymérisables. La présence de solvant(s) en quantité limitée ne nécessite pas de traitement particulier pour les éliminer. Dans la majeure partie des cas, les ensimages selon l'invention sont totalement dénués de solvant. Par « polymériser », « polymérisable », « polymérisation », .... on entend respectivement « polymériser et/ou réticuler », « polymérisable et/ou réticulable », « polymérisation et/ou réticulation », ....In the present invention, the expressions below have the following meaning: By "solvent" is meant water and organic solvents capable of being used to dissolve certain polymerizable components. The presence of solvent (s) in limited quantity does not require any special treatment to remove them. In most of the cases, the sizes according to the invention are completely devoid of solvent. By "polymerize", "polymerizable", "polymerization", .... is meant respectively "polymerize and / or crosslink", "polymerizable and / or crosslinkable", "polymerization and / or crosslinking", ....
Par « fonction réactive », on entend une fonction susceptible d'intervenir dans la réaction de polymérisation de l'ensimage, la polymérisation pouvant être effectuée à la température habituelle de production des fils (de l'ordre de 20 àBy "reactive function" is meant a function capable of intervening in the polymerization reaction of the size, the polymerization being able to be carried out at the usual temperature for producing the yarns (of the order of 20
100°C) sans apport d'énergie supplémentaire, ou bien à une température plus élevée, jusqu'à 150°C environ (polymérisation thermique).100 ° C) without additional energy supply, or at a higher temperature, up to approximately 150 ° C (thermal polymerization).
Par « système de base polymérisable », on entend l'ensemble des composants indispensables qui permettent d'obtenir la structure polyuréthane/polyurée attendue de l'ensimage.The term “polymerizable basic system” means all of the essential components which make it possible to obtain the polyurethane / polyurea structure expected from the size.
Par la suite, par « composant(s) isocyanate », par « composant(s) hydroxy » et par « composant(s) amine », on entend, respectivement « composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive isocyanate », « composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive hydroxy » et « composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive amine ».Subsequently, by "isocyanate component (s)", by "hydroxy component (s)" and by "amine component (s)" is meant respectively "component (s) containing at least one isocyanate reactive function", " component (s) containing at least one reactive hydroxy function "and" component (s) containing at least one reactive amine function ".
La composition d'ensimage selon l'invention est compatible avec les conditions d'obtention des fils de verre imposées par le procédé direct, la viscosité de la composition étant adaptée en fonction de la vitesse d'étirage et du diamètre des filaments amenés à la traverser. En règle générale, il est souhaitable que la viscosité n'excède pas 400 mPa.s, de préférence 150 mPa.s, afin que la composition d'ensimage puisse se répartir de manière homogène à la surface des filaments de verre. La composition selon l'invention présente également une vitesse de mouillage sur le fil compatible avec la vitesse d'étirage des fils. En règle générale, le système de base polymérisable représente 50 à 100 % en poids de la composition d'ensimage selon l'invention, principalement 60 à 100 % en poids de la composition et, dans la plupart des cas, 75 à 90 % en poids de la composition. Le système de base est en majorité constitué (de préférence à 75 % en poids et jusqu'à 100 % en poids dans la majorité des cas) de(s) composant(s) isocyanate et de(s) composant(s) hydroxy, le cas échéant de(s) composant(s) amine, l'utilisation de ce mélange de composants permettant l'obtention de polymères polyuréthane ou poly(uréthane-urée) par réaction des différentes fonctions isocyanate, hydroxy et amine des constituants de départ. Ce sont ces polymères qui participent majoritairement à la structure de l'ensimage, et de cette structure découlent directement les propriétés des fils de verre ensimés.The sizing composition according to the invention is compatible with the conditions for obtaining glass strands imposed by the direct process, the viscosity of the composition being adapted as a function of the drawing speed and the diameter of the filaments brought to the to cross. As a general rule, it is desirable that the viscosity does not exceed 400 mPa.s, preferably 150 mPa.s, so that the sizing composition can be distributed homogeneously on the surface of the glass filaments. The composition according to the invention also has a wetting speed on the wire compatible with the drawing speed of the wires. Generally, the basic polymerizable system represents 50 to 100% by weight of the sizing composition according to the invention, mainly 60 to 100% by weight of the composition and, in most cases, 75 to 90% by weight. weight of the composition. The basic system is mainly made up (preferably 75% by weight and up to 100% by weight in the majority of cases) of isocyanate component (s) and hydroxy component (s), optionally of amine component (s), the use of this mixture of components making it possible to obtain polyurethane or poly (urethane-urea) polymers by reaction of the various isocyanate, hydroxy and amine functions of the starting constituents. It is these polymers which mainly participate in the structure of the size, and from this structure flow directly the properties of the sized glass strands.
En outre, le système de base comprend une majorité (de préférence au moins 70 % en poids et mieux encore au moins 80 % en poids) de composant(s) de masse moléculaire inférieure à 750, ce(s) composant(s) faisant normalement partie, pour la plupart des composants isocyanate, hydroxy et amine précités.In addition, the basic system comprises a majority (preferably at least 70% by weight and better still at least 80% by weight) of component (s) of molecular weight less than 750, this component (s) making normally part, for most of the aforementioned isocyanate, hydroxy and amine components.
De préférence et en général selon l'invention, les composants de masse moléculaire inférieure à 750 précédemment mentionnés sont de masse moléculaire inférieure à 600. Lorsque le système de base renferme des composants de masse moléculaire supérieure à 750, il comprend avantageusement un ou plusieurs composants isocyanate et/ou hydroxy et/ou amine de masse moléculaire supérieure à 1000 (prépolymères). La teneur totale en ces composants est généralement inférieure à 20 % en poids de la composition d'ensimage, de préférence inférieure à 15 %, car au-delà la viscosité de même que la réactivité de la composition deviennent trop importantes pour permettre le dépôt de l'ensimage sur les fils de verre dans les conditions du procédé susmentionné.Preferably and in general according to the invention, the components of molecular mass less than 750 previously mentioned are of molecular mass less than 600. When the basic system contains components of molecular mass greater than 750, it advantageously comprises one or more components isocyanate and / or hydroxy and / or amine with a molecular mass greater than 1000 (prepolymers). The total content of these components is generally less than 20% by weight of the sizing composition, preferably less than 15%, because beyond the viscosity as well as the reactivity of the composition becomes too high to allow the deposition of the sizing on the glass strands under the conditions of the abovementioned process.
De manière générale, la réactivité du système de base est modulée pour s'adapter aux conditions d'application. En particulier, le temps de gel a une influence importante sur la qualité de la dépose de l'ensimage et sur la construction des enroulements lorsque le fil est collecté sous forme de bobines. Le temps de gel ne doit pas être inférieur à 10 minutes environ pour permettre la dépose de l'ensimage sous la filière au moyen de rouleaux ensimeurs sans risque majeur de gélification sur les rouleaux. Par ailleurs, le temps de gel ne doit pas dépasser 1 ,5 heure afin de pouvoir obtenir des enroulements de fils manipulables à la sortie du bobinoir. Des temps de gel variant de 15 à 45 minutes s'avèrent tout à fait satisfaisants.In general, the reactivity of the basic system is modulated to adapt to the application conditions. In particular, the freezing time has an important influence on the quality of the removal of the size and on the construction of the windings when the wire is collected in the form of coils. The freezing time must not be less than approximately 10 minutes to allow the sizing to be deposited under the die by means of sizing rollers without major risk of gelling on the rollers. Furthermore, the freezing time must not exceed 1.5 hours in order to be able to obtain windings of manipulable wires at the outlet of the winder. Freezing times varying from 15 to 45 minutes prove entirely satisfactory.
Selon certains modes de réalisation, le système de base selon l'invention peut éventuellement comprendre une faible proportion (moins de 20 %) de composant(s) participant à la structure de l'ensimage polymérisé mais ne présentant pas de fonctions isocyanate, hydroxy ou amine et/ou de masse moléculaire supérieure ou égale à 1000. De préférence, la proportion de ces composants est inférieure à 15 %. Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention permettant d'obtenir des résultats particulièrement satisfaisants, le système de base est constitué de composant(s) isocyanate renfermant au moins deux fonctions réactives isocyanate, de composant(s) hydroxy renfermant au moins une fonction réactive hydroxy, et éventuellement de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive amine. De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le système de base est constitué soit de composant(s) isocyanate renfermant trois fonctions réactives isocyanate et de composant(s) hydroxy contenant une à trois fonctions réactives hydroxy, soit de composant(s) isocyanate renfermant trois fonctions réactives isocyanate, de composant(s) hydroxy renfermant une fonction réactive hydroxy et de composant(s) amine renfermant deux fonctions réactives amine primaires.According to certain embodiments, the basic system according to the invention may optionally comprise a small proportion (less than 20%) of component (s) participating in the structure of the polymerized size but having no isocyanate, hydroxy or amine and / or molecular weight greater than or equal to 1000. Preferably, the proportion of these components is less than 15%. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention allowing particularly satisfactory results to be obtained, the basic system consists of isocyanate component (s) containing at least two isocyanate reactive functions, of hydroxy component (s) containing at least one function reactive hydroxy, and optionally of component (s) containing at least one reactive amine function. In a particularly advantageous manner, the basic system consists either of isocyanate component (s) containing three reactive isocyanate functions and of hydroxy component (s) containing one to three reactive hydroxy functions, or of isocyanate component (s) containing three reactive isocyanate functions , of hydroxy component (s) containing a reactive hydroxy function and of amine component (s) containing two reactive primary amine functions.
Conformément à l'invention, tout ou partie des composants hydroxy du système de base peut renfermer une ou plusieurs fonctions réactives hydroxy et une ou plusieurs fonctions réactives amine.According to the invention, all or part of the hydroxy components of the basic system may contain one or more reactive hydroxy functions and one or more reactive amine functions.
Le ou les composants isocyanate du système de base peuvent être notamment être choisis parmi :The isocyanate component (s) of the basic system can in particular be chosen from:
- les isocyanates aliphatiques ou cycloaliphatiques tels que l'hexylisocyanate, le dodécylisocyanate, l'hexadécylisocyanate, le cyclohexylisocyanate, le 1-adamantylisocyanate, le 1 ,6-hexaméthylène diisocyanate (HDI), le 1 ,12-dodécaméthylènediisocyanate, l'isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), le 1 ,1-méthylènebis(4-isocyanatocyclohexane)- aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanates such as hexylisocyanate, dodecylisocyanate, hexadecylisocyanate, cyclohexylisocyanate, 1-adamantylisocyanate, 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1, 12-dodecamethylisocyanate (diocyanide IPDI), 1, 1-methylenebis (4-isocyanatocyclohexane)
(HMDI), le transcyclohexane-1 ,4-diisocyanate (CHDI), les esters tels que le butyl isocyanatoacétate et l'éthyl 3-isocyanatopropionate, ou les éthers tels que le trifluoroacétylisocyanate, - les isocyanates aromatiques tels que le 3,5-diméthylphénylisocyanate, le 4-méthoxybenzylisocyanate, le 4-diméthylaminophénylisocyanate, le 4- méthoxyphénylisocyanate, le 4-éthoxyphénylisocyanate, le xylylène diisocyanate (XDI), le tolylène diisocyanate (TDI), le naphtalène-1 ,5- diisocyanate (NDI), le 4,4'-diphénylméthane diisocyanate (MDI) et le tétraméthylxylène diisocyanate (TMXDI),(HMDI), transcyclohexane-1, 4-diisocyanate (CHDI), esters such as butyl isocyanatoacetate and ethyl 3-isocyanatopropionate, or ethers such as trifluoroacetylisocyanate, - aromatic isocyanates such as 3,5-dimethylphenylisocyanate, 4-methoxybenzylisocyanate, 4-dimethylaminophenylisocyanate, 4-methoxyphenylisocyanate, 4-ethoxyphenylisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) 1,5-diisocyanate (NDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI),
- les prépolymères à terminaison(s) isocyanate (prépolymères-NCO), par exemple le Tolonate® HDT et le Tolonate® HDB (taux de NCO : 20-25 %; commercialisés par la société RHODIA), les produits de réaction de polyéthers et d'isocyanates tels que les prépolymères polytétraméthylèneglycol TDI, par exemple Castomer® E 1009 et- the terminated prepolymers (s) isocyanate (prepolymer-NCO), for instance Tolonate ® HDT and Tolonate ® HDB (NCO content: 20-25%; marketed by Rhodia), polyethers of the reaction products and isocyanates such as TDI prepolymers polytetramethylene glycol, e.g. Castomer E ® 1009 and
Castomer® E 1004 (taux NCO : 4,2 et 9,3 %respectivement; commercialisés par BAXENDEN); les prépolymères polypropylèneglycol/TDI, par exemple Trixene® DP9B/1534 (taux NCO : 4,4 %; commercialisé par BAXENDEN) et les produits de réaction de polyesters et d'isocyanates, notamment de TDI, par exemple Castomer® Castomer ® E 1004 (NCO rate: 4.2 and 9.3% respectively; marketed by BAXENDEN); polypropylene glycol / TDI prepolymers, for example Trixene ® DP9B / 1534 (NCO rate: 4.4%; marketed by BAXENDEN) and reaction products of polyesters and isocyanates, in particular TDI, for example Castomer ®
DP9A956 (taux NCO : 4 %; commercialisé par BAXENDEN).DP9A956 (NCO rate: 4%; marketed by BAXENDEN).
Parmi les isocyanates qui viennent d'être cités, certains sont des monomères dont la tension de vapeur est relativement élevée ce qui les rend potentiellement toxiques pour l'homme. C'est pourquoi, on préfère les isocyanates qui se présentent sous la forme de prépolymères de masse moléculaire au moins égale à 400 et de préférence au moins égale à 450. Avantageusement, la masse moléculaire est inférieure ou égale à 2000, de préférence inférieure ou égale àAmong the isocyanates which have just been mentioned, some are monomers whose vapor pressure is relatively high, which makes them potentially toxic to humans. This is why, the isocyanates which are in the form of prepolymers of molecular mass at least equal to 400 and preferably at least equal to 450 are preferred. Advantageously, the molecular mass is less than or equal to 2000, preferably less or equal to
1200, car au-delà les prépolymères présentent une température de fusion ou une viscosité élevée qui rendent la composition d'ensimage difficile à appliquer sur les filaments de verre. De manière avantageuse, le prépolymère a une teneur en fonction réactive isocyanate libre (taux de NCO) au moins égale à 3 %, et de préférence inférieure à 25 %, et avantageusement supérieure ou égale à 5 %.1200, because above the prepolymers have a high melting point or viscosity which makes the sizing composition difficult to apply to glass filaments. Advantageously, the prepolymer has a content of free isocyanate reactive function (level of NCO) at least equal to 3%, and preferably less than 25%, and advantageously greater than or equal to 5%.
En règle générale selon l'invention, la proportion de composant(s) isocyanate dans le système de base représente 15 à 75 % en poids, et de préférence 30 à 60Generally according to the invention, the proportion of isocyanate component (s) in the basic system represents 15 to 75% by weight, and preferably 30 to 60
%. De préférence, au moins 10 % des composants isocyanate sont des polyisocyanates, et avantageusement 100 % des composants isocyanate sont des polyisocyanates. La teneur en composant(s) isocyanate dans la composition est généralement comprise entre 10 et 50 % en poids, et de préférence entre 20 et 40 %.%. Preferably, at least 10% of the isocyanate components are polyisocyanates, and advantageously 100% of the isocyanate components are polyisocyanates. The content of isocyanate component (s) in the composition is generally between 10 and 50% by weight, and preferably between 20 and 40%.
Le ou les composants hydroxy du système de base peuvent être choisis parmi : - les alcools aliphatiques ou cycloaliphatiques tels que Phexanol, Poctanol, le dodécanol, le cyclohexanol, le 1 ,2-propanediol, le 2-éthyl-2- hydroxyméthyl-1 ,3-propanediol, le butanediol, le butènediol, le pentanediol, l'hexanediol, le cyclohexanediol, le 1 ,4- cyclohexanediméthanol, le glycérol, le triméthylolpropane et le pentaérythritol,The hydroxy component (s) of the basic system can be chosen from: - aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols such as Phexanol, Poctanol, dodecanol, cyclohexanol, 1, 2-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1, 3-propanediol, butanediol, butenediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, cyclohexanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol,
- les alcanolamines tertiaires, telles que le 2-(diisopropylamino)éthanol, le 3-diméthylamino-1-propanol, le 3-diéthylamino-1 ,2-propanediol, le 3- diisopropylamino-1 ,2-propanediol, la N-butyl-diéthanolamine, la triéthanolamine et la triisopropanolamine, - les composants monohydroxylés du type polyester à terminaison hydroxy obtenus par réaction d'acide gras et de poly(alkylèneoxyde) tels que l'isostéarate de polyéthylèneglycol ou de polypropylèneglycol, les composants du type polyéther à terminaison hydroxy obtenus par réaction d'alcool gras et d'oxyde d'éthylène et/ou d'oxyde de propylène, par exemple l'alcool laurique à 4 motifs d'oxyde d'éthylène, ou par réaction d'alkylphénol et d'oxyde d'éthylène et/ou d'oxyde de propylène, par exemple le nonylphénol à 8 motifs d'oxyde d'éthylène,- tertiary alkanolamines, such as 2- (diisopropylamino) ethanol, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol, 3-diethylamino-1, 2-propanediol, 3-diisopropylamino-1, 2-propanediol, N-butyl -diethanolamine, triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine, - monohydroxylated components of the hydroxy-terminated polyester type obtained by reaction of fatty acid and of poly (alkylene oxide) such as polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol isostearate, components of the terminated polyether type hydroxy obtained by reaction of fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, for example lauric alcohol with 4 units of ethylene oxide, or by reaction of alkylphenol and oxide ethylene and / or propylene oxide, for example nonylphenol with 8 ethylene oxide units,
- les poly(oxyalkylène)polyols, par exemple les poly(oxyéthylène)polyols, les poly(oxypropylène)polyols, les poly(oxyéthylène)(oxypropylène)- polyols, les poly(tétrahydrofurane)polyols et les poly(caprolactone)polyols, de préférence dont la masse moléculaire est inférieure à 1500.- poly (oxyalkylene) polyols, for example poly (oxyethylene) polyols, poly (oxypropylene) polyols, poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene) - polyols, poly (tetrahydrofuran) polyols and poly (caprolactone) polyols, preferably whose molecular mass is less than 1500.
Parmi les composés hydroxylés qui viennent d'être cité, on préfère ceux qui comprennent plus de 5 atomes de carbone. Les composés ayant un nombre d'atome de carbone plus faible peuvent être employés lorsqu'on souhaite abaisser la viscosité du système de base et/ou limiter la longueur des chaînes lors de la polymérisation.Among the hydroxylated compounds which have just been mentioned, preference is given to those which comprise more than 5 carbon atoms. Compounds having a lower number of carbon atoms can be used when it is desired to lower the viscosity of the basic system and / or limit the length of the chains during polymerization.
De préférence selon l'invention, les composants hydroxy sont choisis parmi les alcools renfermant au moins deux fonctions réactives hydroxy, et mieux encore deux ou trois fonctions hydroxy. Comme déjà indiqué précédemment, les composants hydroxy peuvent comprendre une ou plusieurs fonctions amine. Des exemples de tels composants sont indiqués plus loin.Preferably according to the invention, the hydroxy components are chosen from alcohols containing at least two reactive hydroxy functions, and better still two or three hydroxy functions. As already indicated above, the hydroxy components can comprise one or more amine functions. Examples of such components are shown below.
Dans le cadre de l'invention, il est également possible d'utiliser en tant que composants hydroxy, des composants renfermant une ou plusieurs fonctions époxyde dont le cycle époxy peut être ouvert sous l'action d'un catalyseur pour générer un hydroxyle secondaire. Le catalyseur utilisable à cette fin peut être tout catalyseur connu de l'homme du métier, comme cela est indiqué plus loin.In the context of the invention, it is also possible to use as hydroxy components, components containing one or more epoxy functions, the epoxy ring of which can be opened under the action of a catalyst to generate a secondary hydroxyl. The catalyst which can be used for this purpose can be any catalyst known to a person skilled in the art, as indicated below.
A titre d'exemples de tels composants, on peut citer les composants renfermant une fonction époxy tels que le cyclohexène monoxyde, les glycidyléthers, en particulier les alkylglycidyléther en C4-C20, le phénylglycidyléther, les alkylphénylglycidyléthers, les monoglycidyléthers de dérivés du bisphénol A, notamment d'acryloxybisphénol A, les composants renfermant plusieurs fonctions époxy tels que les polyglycidyléthers, en particulier le 1 ,4-butanedioldiglycidyléther, le néopentylglycoldiglycidyléther, le cyclohexanediméthanoldiglycidyléther, le résorcinoldiglycidyléther, le bisphénol A ou F diglycidyléther, le polybutadiènediglycidyléther, les polyglycoldiépoxydes, le triméthylolpropanetriglycidyléther et les polyglycidyléthers d'alkylpolyesters.As examples of such components, mention may be made of components containing an epoxy function such as cyclohexene monoxide, glycidyl ethers, in particular C 4 -C 20 alkyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, alkylphenyl glycidyl ethers, monoglycidyl ethers of bisphenol derivatives A, in particular of acryloxybisphenol A, the components containing several epoxy functions such as polyglycidyl ethers, in particular 1, 4-butanedioldiglycidyléther, neopentylglycoldiglycidyléther, cyclohexanedimethanoldiglycidyléther, resorcinoldiglycidétietheid or polybutylidher, trimethylolpropanetriglycidylether and polyglycidyl ethers of alkyl polyesters.
En règle générale selon l'invention, la proportion de composant(s) hydroxy varie de 15 à 60 % en poids du système de base, et de préférence de 20 à 50 %.As a general rule according to the invention, the proportion of hydroxy component (s) varies from 15 to 60% by weight of the basic system, and preferably from 20 to 50%.
De préférence, au moins 15 % des composant(s) hydroxy sont des composants comprenant au moins deux fonctions réactives hydroxy, et avantageusement au moins 20 %.Preferably, at least 15% of the hydroxy component (s) are components comprising at least two reactive hydroxy functions, and advantageously at least 20%.
La teneur en composant(s) hydroxy dans la composition est généralement comprise entre 15 et 55 % en poids, et de préférence entre 25 et 45 %.The content of hydroxy component (s) in the composition is generally between 15 and 55% by weight, and preferably between 25 and 45%.
Le nombre de sites réactifs des composants hydroxy pouvant réagir avec les sites réactifs des composants isocyanate peut varier dans une large mesure. De manière générale, le rapport r du nombre de sites réactifs isocyanate au nombre de sites réactifs hydroxy varie de 0,1 à 6, et de préférence de 0,3 à 4, étant entendu qu'une fonction isocyanate compte pour un site réactif isocyanate et qu'une fonction hydroxy compte pour un site réactif hydroxy.The number of reactive sites of hydroxy components which can react with reactive sites of isocyanate components can vary to a large extent. In general, the ratio r of the number of isocyanate reactive sites to the number of hydroxy reactive sites varies from 0.1 to 6, and preferably from 0.3 to 4, it being understood that an isocyanate function counts for an isocyanate reactive site and that a hydroxy function counts for a reactive hydroxy site.
Le ou les composants amine du système de base peuvent être choisis parmi les composants renfermant une ou plusieurs fonctions amine primaire et/ou secondaire tels que les composants à chaîne hydrocarbonée linéaire, ramifiée ou cyclique, par exemple la N,N-dibutylamine, la N,N-dicyclohexylamine, l'aminoéthylpipérazine, le 2(2-aminoéthoxy)éthanol, le 3-amino-1-propanol, le 2- amino-2-éthyl-1-propanol, la N-(2-aminoéthyl)éthanolamine, le 2-amino-2-éthyl-The amine component (s) of the basic system can be chosen from the components containing one or more primary and / or secondary amine functions such as the components with a linear, branched or cyclic, for example N, N-dibutylamine, N, N-dicyclohexylamine, aminoethylpiperazine, 2 (2-aminoethoxy) ethanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1 -propanol, N- (2-aminoethyl) ethanolamine, 2-amino-2-ethyl-
1 ,3-propanediol, les composants aromatiques par exemple le 1 ,3- diphénylguanidine et le 3,4-diaminotoluène, et les polymères à terminaison amine, par exemple la (polybutadiène)diamine. Conformément à l'invention, certains des composés aminés précités contiennent une ou plusieurs fonctions hydroxy comme cela a déjà été mentionné plus haut.1, 3-propanediol, the aromatic components, for example 1, 3-diphenylguanidine and 3,4-diaminotoluene, and amine-terminated polymers, for example (polybutadiene) diamine. According to the invention, some of the abovementioned amino compounds contain one or more hydroxy functions as has already been mentioned above.
De préférence, on choisit les composants aminés parmi les composants renfermant au moins deux fonctions amine primaire et/ou secondaire. Afin de diminuer la réactivité des composés amine, il peut être envisagé d'ajouter une faible quantité (de l'ordre de 2 à 15 % en poids de la composition) d'une cétone, en particulier d'une dicétone telle que la pentanedione, le dibenzoylméthane, la 2,2,6,6-trifluoro-3,5-heptanedione, la diméthyl-1 ,4-cyclohexanedione-2,5- dicarboxylate, la 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphtyl)-1 ,3-butanedione, la thénoyl- trifluoroacétone, la 2,2-diméthyl-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-3,5-octanedione, la 3- méthyl-2,4-pentanedione, la 1-(2-furyl)-1 ,3-butanedione et la 2,6-diméthyl-3,5- heptanedione. On préfère la pentanedione, le dibenzoylméthane, la 3-méthyl-2,4- pentanedione et la 2,6-diméthyl-3,5-heptanedione. En règle générale selon l'invention, la proportion de composant(s) amine représente 0 à 30 % en poids du système de base et dans la plupart des cas, elle est comprise entre 5 et 30 %.Preferably, the amino components are chosen from the components containing at least two primary and / or secondary amine functions. In order to reduce the reactivity of the amine compounds, it can be envisaged to add a small amount (of the order of 2 to 15% by weight of the composition) of a ketone, in particular of a diketone such as pentanedione , dibenzoylmethane, 2,2,6,6-trifluoro-3,5-heptanedione, dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedione-2,5-dicarboxylate, 4,4,4-trifluoro-1- (2- naphthyl) -1, 3-butanedione, thenoyl-trifluoroacetone, 2,2-dimethyl-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-3,5-octanedione, 3-methyl-2, 4-pentanedione, 1- (2-furyl) -1, 3-butanedione and 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedione. Preferred are pentanedione, dibenzoylmethane, 3-methyl-2,4-pentanedione and 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedione. As a general rule according to the invention, the proportion of amine component (s) represents 0 to 30% by weight of the basic system and in most cases it is between 5 and 30%.
La teneur en composant(s) amine dans la composition est généralement comprise entre 0 et 30 % en poids, et de préférence entre 0 et 20 %. Le nombre de sites réactifs des composants amine pouvant réagir avec les sites réactifs des composants isocyanate peut varier dans une large mesure. De manière générale, le rapport r' du nombre de sites réactifs isocyanate à la somme du nombre de sites réactifs hydroxy et du nombre de sites réactifs amine varie de 0,1 à 6, et de préférence de 0,3 à 4, étant entendu qu'une fonction isocyanate compte pour un site isocyanate, qu'une fonction hydroxy compte pour un site réactif hydroxy, qu'une fonction amine primaire compte pour deux sites réactifs amine et qu'une fonction amine secondaire compte pour un site réactif amine.The content of amine component (s) in the composition is generally between 0 and 30% by weight, and preferably between 0 and 20%. The number of reactive sites of the amine components which can react with the reactive sites of the isocyanate components can vary to a large extent. In general, the ratio r ′ of the number of isocyanate reactive sites to the sum of the number of hydroxy reactive sites and the number of amine reactive sites varies from 0.1 to 6, and preferably from 0.3 to 4, it being understood that an isocyanate function counts for an isocyanate site, that a hydroxy function counts for a reactive hydroxy site, that a primary amine function counts for two reactive amine sites and that a secondary amine function counts for an reactive amine site.
La composition d'ensimage peut comprendre, en plus du système de base, au moins un catalyseur favorisant la polymérisation de l'ensimage. Ce peut être par exemple un catalyseur spécifique de la synthèse des polyuréthanes tel que le 1 ,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane et le 1 ,8-diazabiscyclo[5.4.0]undéc-7-ène, ou encore un catalyseur adapté aux composants époxy, tel que le tris(N,N- diméthylaminométhyl)benzène, la tris(N,N-diméthylaminopropyl)triazine, la N,N- diméthylbenzylamine et le 2-propylimidazole.The sizing composition may comprise, in addition to the basic system, at least one catalyst promoting the polymerization of the sizing. It can be for example a specific catalyst for the synthesis of polyurethanes such as 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane and 1, 8-diazabiscyclo [5.4.0] undéc-7-ene, or a catalyst suitable for epoxy components , such as tris (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl) benzene, tris (N, N-dimethylaminopropyl) triazine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine and 2-propylimidazole.
Le taux de composants jouant uniquement le rôle de catalyseurs du système de base (c'est-à-dire ne participant pas à la structure de l'ensimage polymérisé) est généralement inférieur à 5 % en poids de la composition d'ensimage, de préférence inférieur à 3 % en poids et dans la plupart des cas de l'ordre de 0,5 %. La composition d'ensimage peut aussi comprendre, dans les limites indiquées plus haut, un solvant facilitant la mise en solution de certains composants du système de base. A titre d'exemple d'un tel solvant, on peut citer l'acétate d'éthyle, la N-méthyl pyrrolidone et le tétrahydrofurane.The level of components acting solely as catalysts of the basic system (that is to say not participating in the structure of the polymerized size) is generally less than 5% by weight of the size composition, preferably less than 3% by weight and in most cases of the order of 0.5%. The sizing composition can also comprise, within the limits indicated above, a solvent facilitating the dissolution of certain components of the basic system. As an example of such a solvent, mention may be made of ethyl acetate, N-methyl pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran.
En plus des composants précités qui participent essentiellement à la structure de l'ensimage polymérisé, et le cas échéant des catalyseurs et du solvant , la composition d'ensimage peut comprendre un ou plusieurs composants (ci-après désignés additifs). Ces additifs confèrent à l'ensimage des propriétés particulières et, lorsque la composition est déposée en deux étapes, comme cela est préféré, ils peuvent être apportés par l'une et/ou l'autre des compositions constituant l'ensimage.In addition to the aforementioned components which essentially participate in the structure of the polymerized size, and where appropriate the catalysts and the solvent, the size composition may comprise one or more components (hereinafter referred to as additives). These additives give the sizing particular properties and, when the composition is deposited in two stages, as is preferred, they can be provided by one and / or the other of the compositions constituting the sizing.
La composition selon l'invention peut comprendre, à titre d'additif, au moins un agent de couplage permettant d'accrocher l'ensimage sur le verre. L'agent de couplage peut être un composant du système de base, auquel cas il participe à la réaction de polymérisation, ou un composant intervenant seulement en tant qu'additif.The composition according to the invention may comprise, as an additive, at least one coupling agent allowing the size to be attached to the glass. The coupling agent can be a component of the basic system, in which case it takes part in the polymerization reaction, or a component which acts only as an additive.
La proportion d'agent(s) de couplage est généralement comprise entre 0 et 30 % en poids de la composition d'ensimage et dans la plupart des cas elle est supérieure à 5 % en poids. De préférence, elle est comprise entre 10 et 25 % de la composition. L'agent de couplage est généralement choisi parmi les silanes tels que le gamma-glycidoxypropyltriméthoxysilane, le gamma-acryloxypropyltriméthoxy- silane, le gamma-méthacryloxypropyltriméthoxysilane, le poly(oxyéthylène/ oxypropylène)triméthoxysilane, le gamma-aminopropyltriéthoxysilane, le vinyl- triméthoxysilane, le phénylaminopropyltriméthoxysilane, le styrylaminoéthyl- aminopropyltriméthoxysilane ou le terbutylcarbamoylpropyltriméthoxysilane, les siloxanes, les titanates, les zirconates et les mélanges de ces composés. On choisit de préférence les silanes.The proportion of coupling agent (s) is generally between 0 and 30% by weight of the sizing composition and in most cases it is greater than 5% by weight. Preferably, it is between 10 and 25% of the composition. The coupling agent is generally chosen from silanes such as gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-acryloxypropyltrimethoxy-silane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, poly (oxyethylene / oxypropylene) trimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethyl vinyl phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, styrylaminoethyl- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane or terbutylcarbamoylpropyltrimethoxysilane, siloxanes, titanates, zirconates and mixtures of these compounds. The silanes are preferably chosen.
La composition peut comprendre, à titre d'additif, au moins un agent de mise en oeuvre textile jouant essentiellement un rôle de lubrifiant, et il est dans de nombreux cas nécessaire pour que la composition présente les fonctions d'un ensimage.The composition may comprise, as an additive, at least one textile processing agent essentially playing a role of lubricant, and it is in many cases necessary for the composition to have the functions of a size.
La proportion d'agent de mise en oeuvre textile est généralement comprise entre 0 et 30 % en poids de la composition, et de préférence est comprise entre 3 et 20 %.The proportion of textile processing agent is generally between 0 and 30% by weight of the composition, and preferably is between 3 and 20%.
L'agent de mise en oeuvre textile est généralement choisi parmi les esters gras, éventuellement alkoxylés, tels que le laurate de décyle, le palmitate d'isopropyle, le palmitate de cétyle, le stéarate d'isopropyle, le stéarate d'isobutyle, le trioctanoate de triméthylolpropane, le tridécanoate de triméthylolpropane, les dérivés d'alkylphénols tels que le nonylphénol éthoxylé, les alcools gras, éventuellement alkoxylés, tels que le laurate ou le stéarate de polyéthylèneglycol à terminaisons méthyle comportant avantageusement moins de 10 motifs oxyéthylène, les mélanges à base d'huiles minérales, et les mélanges de ces composés. Les agents sont de préférence exempts de fonctions susceptibles de réagir préferentiellement avec les fonctions isocyanate, hydroxy et/ou amine.The textile processing agent is generally chosen from fatty esters, optionally alkoxylated, such as decyl laurate, isopropyl palmitate, cetyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, isobutyl stearate, trimethylolpropane trioctanoate, trimethylolpropane tridecanoate, alkylphenol derivatives such as ethoxylated nonylphenol, fatty alcohols, optionally alkoxylated, such as laurate or polyethylene glycol stearate with methyl endings advantageously comprising less than 10 oxyethylene units, mixtures with base of mineral oils, and mixtures of these compounds. The agents are preferably free of functions capable of reacting preferentially with the isocyanate, hydroxy and / or amine functions.
La composition selon l'invention peut être déposée sur les filaments de verre en une ou plusieurs étapes.The composition according to the invention can be deposited on the glass filaments in one or more stages.
Lorsqu'on procède en une étape, l'ensemble des constituants polymérisables est contenu dans la composition d'ensimage et il est alors impératif de bloquer soit les fonctions isocyanates soit les fonctions hydroxy et amine afin d'éviter que la composition ne polymérisé prématurément avant son dépôt sur les filaments de verre. La solution préférée dans ce mode de réalisation consiste à utiliser des polyisocyanates dont les fonctions réactives isocyanate sont bloquées par des groupements protecteurs et les fonctions pouvant être débloquées par l'ajout d'un agent de déblocage. A titre d'exemple de tels polyisocyanates, on peut citer les dérivés du TDI, du HDI, de l'IPDI, et du MDI (par exemple commercialisé par la société BAXENDEN sous les références Bl 7673, Bl 7772, Bl 7950, Bl 7962, Bl 7983, Bl 7960 qui peuvent être débloqués par le 3,5-diméthylpyrazole). La composition selon l'invention est de préférence déposée en plusieurs étapes, par exemple comme indiqué dans les conditions du procédé décrit dansWhen proceeding in one step, all of the polymerizable constituents are contained in the sizing composition and it is then imperative to block either the isocyanate functions or the hydroxy and amine functions in order to prevent the composition from polymerizing prematurely before its deposition on the glass filaments. The preferred solution in this embodiment consists in using polyisocyanates whose reactive isocyanate functions are blocked by protective groups and the functions which can be released by the addition of a release agent. By way of example of such polyisocyanates, mention may be made of TDI, HDI, IPDI and MDI derivatives (for example sold by the company BAXENDEN under the references Bl 7673, Bl 7772, Bl 7950, Bl 7962 , Bl 7983, Bl 7960 which can be released by 3,5-dimethylpyrazole). The composition according to the invention is preferably deposited in several stages, for example as indicated under the conditions of the process described in
FR-A-2 763 328. Dans ce procédé, on étire des filets de verre fondu s'écoulant d'orifices disposés à la base d'une ou plusieurs filières sous la forme d'une ou plusieurs nappes de filaments continus puis on rassemble les filaments en un ou plusieurs fils que l'on collecte sur un ou plusieurs supports en mouvement. On effectue le dépôt de l'ensimage en appliquant sur les filaments une première composition stable de viscosité comprise entre 0,5 et 300 mPa.s, et au moins une deuxième composition stable de viscosité comprise entre 0,5 et 250 mPa.s, amenée séparément de la première composition.FR-A-2 763 328. In this process, strands of molten glass flowing from orifices arranged at the base of one or more dies are drawn in the form of one or more plies of continuous filaments, and then they are combined the filaments in one or more threads which are collected on one or more moving supports. The size is deposited by applying to the filaments a first stable composition with a viscosity of between 0.5 and 300 mPa.s, and at least one second stable composition with a viscosity of between 0.5 and 250 mPa.s, brought separately from the first composition.
La deuxième composition peut être déposée sur les filaments au plus tôt lors du dépôt de la première composition ou sur les fils au plus tard lors de leur collecte sur les supports. L'écart de viscosité entre les compositions est généralement inférieur à 150 mPa.s. La composition selon l'invention est préferentiellement appliquée en deux étapes, la première composition comprenant de préférence le(s) composant(s) polyisocyanate, et éventuellement un ou plusieurs additifs, et la deuxième composition comprenant le(s) composant(s) hydroxy et/ou le(s) composant(s) amine, et éventuellement un ou plusieurs additifs, notamment le ou les catalyseurs de polymérisation.The second composition can be deposited on the filaments at the earliest when the first composition is deposited or on the threads at the latest when they are collected on the supports. The viscosity difference between the compositions is generally less than 150 mPa.s. The composition according to the invention is preferably applied in two stages, the first composition preferably comprising the polyisocyanate component (s), and optionally one or more additives, and the second composition comprising the hydroxy component (s) and / or the amine component (s), and optionally one or more additives, in particular the polymerization catalyst (s).
Le dépôt de l'ensimage en deux étapes est particulièrement avantageux. Il permet une meilleure maîtrise des réactions de polymérisation et de ce fait l'ensimage a une qualité uniforme sur toute la longueur des fils tout en assurant une productivité élevée avec un risque réduit de casse des fils. En règle générale, la polymérisation de l'ensimage déposé sur le fil ne nécessite pas d'apport supplémentaire d'énergie. Il est cependant possible de soumettre le fil après fibrage à un traitement thermique à différents stades du procédé en vue d'accélérer la polymérisation. Ce traitement peut s'appliquer à des fils collectés sous forme d'enroulement, sur des nappes de fils continus ou coupés, ou encore sur des fils en association avec une matière organique pour réaliser des composites. A titre d'illustration, pour un stratifil pesant environ 20 kg, un traitement à une température de l'ordre de 120 à 140 °C pendant environ 8 heures s'avère satisfaisant. Pour des fils coupés, la durée de traitement n'excède pas la dizaine de minutes à température équivalente. L'intégrité proprement dite des fils par collage des filaments qui le constituent obtenue après polymérisation de l'ensimage est particulièrement importante alors que le taux d'ensimage sur les fils est relativement faible. La perte au feu des fils revêtus de la composition d'ensimage conforme à l'invention n'excède en effet pas 3 % en poids, de préférence 1 ,5 % en poids, et avantageusement 0,8 %.Depositing the size in two stages is particularly advantageous. It allows better control of polymerization reactions and therefore the sizing has a uniform quality over the entire length of the strands while ensuring high productivity with a reduced risk of breakage of the strands. As a general rule, the polymerization of the size deposited on the wire does not require additional energy input. It is however possible to subject the yarn after fiberizing to a heat treatment at different stages of the process in order to accelerate the polymerization. This treatment can be applied to yarns collected in the form of a winding, on sheets of continuous or cut yarns, or else on yarns in association with an organic material for producing composites. By way of illustration, for a roving weighing approximately 20 kg, treatment at a temperature of the order of 120 to 140 ° C for approximately 8 hours proves satisfactory. For cut wires, the treatment time does not exceed ten minutes at equivalent temperature. The integrity proper of the threads by bonding the filaments which constitute it obtained after polymerization of the size is particularly important while the size ratio on the threads is relatively low. The loss on ignition of the yarns coated with the sizing composition according to the invention does not in fact exceed 3% by weight, preferably 1.5% by weight, and advantageously 0.8%.
Les fils ensimés sont généralement collectés sous la forme d'enroulements sur des supports en rotation, tels que des gâteaux, des stratifils et des « cops ». Quels que soient l'état de polymérisation de l'ensimage et l'angle de croisure, même lorsque ce dernier est faible (inférieur à 1 ,5°), il est facile de dévider les fils provenant des enroulements et de les manipuler. Les enroulements à bords droits conservent leurs caractéristiques dimensionnelles dans le temps et ne subissent aucune déformation. Les fils peuvent également être utilisés ultérieurement pour la réalisation de grilles, de tissus, de tresses, de rubans, ....The sized threads are generally collected in the form of windings on rotating supports, such as cakes, rovings and "cops". Whatever the state of polymerization of the size and the crossing angle, even when the latter is small (less than 1.5 °), it is easy to unwind the wires coming from the windings and to handle them. Windings with straight edges retain their dimensional characteristics over time and do not undergo any deformation. The threads can also be used subsequently for the production of grids, fabrics, braids, ribbons, etc.
Les fils peuvent aussi être collectés sur des supports récepteurs en translation. Ils peuvent être notamment projetés par un organe servant aussi à les étirer vers la surface de collecte se déplaçant transversalement à la direction des fils projetés en vue d'obtenir une nappe de fils continus entremêlés ou « mat ». Les fils peuvent aussi être coupés avant la collecte par un organe sentant également à les étirer. La présence de polymères polyuréthane ou poly(uréthane-urée) dans l'ensimage apporte une certaine souplesse dans le collage et permet aux filaments de pouvoir se déplacer les uns relativement aux autres. De cette manière, l'intégrité des fils de verre se trouve améliorée. Les fils revêtus de l'ensimage selon l'invention s'avèrent particulièrement avantageux pour réaliser des tissus ou pour des applications nécessitant de les couper, comme dans la technique de moulage par projection simultanée. Un autre avantage directement lié à la présence des polymères précités est que les fils résistent mieux aux chocs que les autres fils ensimés tout en restant compatibles avec beaucoup des matières thermoplastiques à renforcer. Le fil de verre ensimé selon l'invention est remarquable en ce qu'on peut le traiter afin d'augmenter son volume et obtenir ce que l'on appelle communément un fil « voluminisé ». Le traitement consiste à faire passer le fil dans un système comportant une ou plusieurs buses traversées par un flux d'air puis à le collecter sous forme d'enroulement sur un dispositif approprié. Ce fil peut ensuite être tissé pour former notamment des tissus muraux à peindre.The wires can also be collected on receiving supports in translation. They can in particular be projected by a member also serving to stretch them towards the collecting surface moving transversely to the direction of the projected threads in order to obtain a web of intermingled or "matt" continuous threads. The wires can also be cut before collection by an organ that also feels the need to stretch them. The presence of polyurethane or poly (urethane-urea) polymers in the size provides flexibility in bonding and allows the filaments to be able to move relative to one another. In this way, the integrity of the glass strands is improved. The yarns coated with the sizing composition according to the invention prove to be particularly advantageous for making fabrics or for applications requiring them to be cut, as in the technique of molding by simultaneous projection. Another advantage directly linked to the presence of the abovementioned polymers is that the strands are more resistant to shocks than the other sized strands while remaining compatible with many of the thermoplastics to be reinforced. The sized glass wire according to the invention is remarkable in that it can be treated in order to increase its volume and obtain what is commonly called a "voluminized" wire. The treatment consists in passing the wire through a system comprising one or more nozzles traversed by an air flow and then in collecting it. in the form of a winding on a suitable device. This wire can then be woven to form in particular wall fabrics to be painted.
Les filaments de verre constituant ces fils ont un diamètre qui peut varier dans une large mesure, le plus souvent de 5 à 30 μm. Ils peuvent être constitués de n'importe quel verre, les plus connus dans le domaine des fils de renforcement étant le verre E et le verre AR.The glass filaments constituting these strands have a diameter which can vary to a large extent, most often from 5 to 30 μm. They can be made of any glass, the best known in the field of reinforcing wires being E glass and AR glass.
Les fils obtenus selon l'invention peuvent être utilisés avantageusement pour renforcer diverses matières en vue d'obtenir des pièces composites ayant des propriétés mécaniques élevées. Les composites sont obtenus en associant au moins des fils de verre selon l'invention et au moins une matière organique et/ou inorganique, le taux de verre dans le composite final variant généralement de 1 à 5 % en poids (matrice cimentaire) et de 20 à 80 % en poids, et de préférence 30 à 70 % (matrice organique).The wires obtained according to the invention can be advantageously used to reinforce various materials with a view to obtaining composite parts having high mechanical properties. The composites are obtained by combining at least glass strands according to the invention and at least one organic and / or inorganic material, the content of glass in the final composite generally varying from 1 to 5% by weight (cement matrix) and 20 to 80% by weight, and preferably 30 to 70% (organic matrix).
Les exemples qui suivent permettent d'illustrer l'invention sans toutefois la limiter. Dans ces exemples, on utilise les méthodes d'analyse suivantes pour la mesure des propriétés physiques.The following examples illustrate the invention without, however, limiting it. In these examples, the following analysis methods are used for the measurement of physical properties.
Pour les compositions d'ensimage :For sizing compositions:
- la viscosité est mesurée au moyen d'un appareil SOFRASER MIVI 4000 commercialisé par SOFRASER. Elle est exprimée en mPa.s. - le temps de gel, exprimé en minutes, est mesuré sur le mélange des compositions A et B au moyen d'un dispositif TROMBOMAT (commercialisé par PRODEMAT S.A.) qui trace la courbe de viscosité de la composition d'ensimage en fonction du temps. Sur cette courbe, le point d'intersection entre la tangente au point d'inflexion et l'axe des abscisses correspond au temps de gel.- the viscosity is measured using a SOFRASER MIVI 4000 device sold by SOFRASER. It is expressed in mPa.s. the gel time, expressed in minutes, is measured on the mixture of compositions A and B using a TROMBOMAT device (marketed by PRODEMAT S.A.) which traces the viscosity curve of the sizing composition as a function of time. On this curve, the point of intersection between the tangent to the point of inflection and the abscissa axis corresponds to the freezing time.
Pour les fils revêtus de la composition d'ensimage selon l'invention :For the yarns coated with the sizing composition according to the invention:
- la perte au feu est mesurée selon la norme ISO 1887. Elle est exprimée en %.- the loss on ignition is measured according to ISO 1887. It is expressed in%.
- la quantité de bourre permet d'apprécier la résistance à l'abrasion d'un fil. Elle est mesurée en pesant quantité de matière qui se détache du fil après passage de celui-ci sur une série de 8 embarrages cylindriques en céramique disposés de telle sorte que l'angle de déviation du fil au niveau de chaque embarrage soit égal à 90°. La quantité de bourre est donnée en mg pour 1 kg de fil testé. - la raideur ou rigidité est mesurée dans les conditions définies par la norme ISO 3375, sur 10 éprouvettes, avant et après soumission au test de résistance à l'abrasion mentionné ci-dessus. La raideur est exprimée en mm et elle est notée x (y), x et y représentant la valeur mesurée respectivement avant et après passage sur les embarrages. La valeur y permet de préjuger de l'intégrité du fil et indirectement de son aptitude à être imprégné par une matière, plus particulièrement une matière organique du type polymère. En général, un fil ensimé dont la valeur de y est inférieure à 100 mm, et de préférence proche de 60 mm (valeur la plus basse pouvant être obtenue) est plutôt utilisé pour des applications nécessitant une bonne imprégnation par la matrice. Un fil présentant une valeur de x supérieure ou égale à 120 et une valeur de y supérieure ou égale à 100 convient pour un usage requérant une intégrité élevée du fil, par exemple pour du tissage et éventuellement pour de la coupe. - la résistance en traction est mesurée dans les conditions définies par la norme ISO 3341. Elle est exprimée en g/tex. Pour les composites renfermant les fils de verre revêtus de la composition d'ensimage :- the quantity of flock makes it possible to assess the abrasion resistance of a thread. It is measured by weighing the quantity of material that comes off the wire after it has passed over a series of 8 cylindrical ceramic fixtures arranged so that the angle of deflection of the wire at each fixture is equal to 90 °. . The amount of fill is given in mg per 1 kg of yarn tested. - the stiffness or stiffness is measured under the conditions defined by standard ISO 3375, on 10 test pieces, before and after submission to the abrasion resistance test mentioned above. The stiffness is expressed in mm and it is noted x (y), x and y representing the value measured respectively before and after passing over the tie-downs. The value there makes it possible to prejudge the integrity of the wire and indirectly its ability to be impregnated with a material, more particularly an organic material of the polymer type. In general, a sized wire whose value of y is less than 100 mm, and preferably close to 60 mm (the lowest value that can be obtained) is rather used for applications requiring good impregnation by the matrix. A yarn having a value of x greater than or equal to 120 and a value of y greater than or equal to 100 is suitable for a use requiring high integrity of the yarn, for example for weaving and possibly for cutting. - the tensile strength is measured under the conditions defined by standard ISO 3341. It is expressed in g / tex. For composites containing glass strands coated with the sizing composition:
- la contrainte de rupture en flexion et le module de flexion sont mesurés dans les conditions définies par la norme ISO 178, avant et après vieillissement par immersion dans de l'eau à 100°C pendant 24 heures (composites avec résine polyester) et 72 heures (composites avec résine époxy). Elle est exprimée en MPa.- the flexural breaking stress and the flexural modulus are measured under the conditions defined by ISO standard 178, before and after aging by immersion in water at 100 ° C for 24 hours (composites with polyester resin) and 72 hours (composites with epoxy resin). It is expressed in MPa.
- la contrainte de rupture en cisaillement est mesurée dans les conditions définies par la norme ISO 4585, avant et après vieillissement par immersion dans de l'eau à 100°C pendant 24 heures (composites avec résine polyester) et 72 heures (composites avec résine époxy). Elle est exprimée en MPa. EXEMPLE 1 Des filaments de 13,6 μm de diamètre obtenus par étirage de filets de verre- the shear breaking stress is measured under the conditions defined by standard ISO 4585, before and after aging by immersion in water at 100 ° C for 24 hours (composites with polyester resin) and 72 hours (composites with resin epoxy). It is expressed in MPa. EXAMPLE 1 Filaments 13.6 μm in diameter obtained by drawing glass nets
E fondu s'ecoulant d'une filière (800 orifices) sont revêtus d'une première composition A puis d'une deuxième composition B (en pourcentage pondéral) : Composition A • triisocyanate (1) 35 • gamma-méthacryloxypropyl triméthoxysilane (2) 10E melted flowing from a die (800 orifices) are coated with a first composition A then with a second composition B (in percentage by weight): Composition A • triisocyanate (1) 35 • gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (2) 10
• gamma-glycidoxypropyl triméthoxysilane (3) 10• gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3) 10
• palmitate d'isopropyle 5 Composition B • 1 ,5-pentanediol 15• isopropyl palmitate 5 Composition B • 1,5-pentanediol 15
• 3-diméthylamino-1-propanol 11 ,5• 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol 11, 5
• isostéarate de polyéthylèneglycol (4) 13• polyethylene glycol isostearate (4) 13
• 1 ,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 0,5 Les compositions A et B ont une viscosité égale à 49 mPa.s (à 21 °C) et à 58 mPa.s (à 22,5°C), respectivement.1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane 0.5 The compositions A and B have a viscosity equal to 49 mPa.s (at 21 ° C) and 58 mPa.s (at 22.5 ° C), respectively.
Parallèlement à l'ensimage des filaments, on réalise le mélange à parts égales des compositions A et B. Le mélange a une viscosité égale à 1000 Pa.s après 1 heure et un temps de gel de 21 minutes.In addition to sizing the filaments, the compositions A and B are mixed in equal parts. The mixture has a viscosity equal to 1000 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 21 minutes.
Les rapports r et r' de la composition d'ensimage ont des valeurs identiques égale à 0,487.The ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition have identical values equal to 0.487.
Les filaments sont rassemblés pour former un fil qui est enroulé sur un support en rotation afin d'obtenir un stratifil direct de 14 kg. Le fil a une masse linéique de 297 tex et une perte au feu de 0,65 %.The filaments are brought together to form a thread which is wound on a rotating support in order to obtain a direct roving of 14 kg. The wire has a linear density of 297 tex and a loss on ignition of 0.65%.
Ce fil possède une résistance à la traction égale à 38,7 g/tex, une raideur égale à 162 mm (122 mm) et une quantité de bourre égale à 8 mg.This yarn has a tensile strength equal to 38.7 g / tex, a stiffness equal to 162 mm (122 mm) and an amount of flock equal to 8 mg.
A partir du fil ainsi obtenu, on réalise 2 séries de plaques composites à fils parallèles conformément à la norme ISO 9291 en utilisant deux résines distinctes. La première résine est une résine époxy constituée de 100 parties en poids de résine époxy(5), 90 parties en poids d'anhydride phtalique(6) et 0,5 partie en poids d'aminé tertiaire(7). La deuxième résine est une résine polyester insaturée constituée de 100 parties en poids de polyester isophtalique(8) et 1 ,5 partie en poids de peroxyde(9).From the wire thus obtained, two series of composite plates with parallel wires are produced in accordance with ISO 9291, using two separate resins. The first resin is an epoxy resin consisting of 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin (5) , 90 parts by weight of phthalic anhydride (6) and 0.5 parts by weight of tertiary amine (7) . The second resin is an unsaturated polyester resin made up of 100 parts by weight of isophthalic polyester (8) and 1.5 parts by weight of peroxide (9) .
Les valeurs des propriétés mécaniques des ces composites sont les suivantes :The values of the mechanical properties of these composites are as follows:
Résine époxy Résine polyesterEpoxy resin Polyester resin
Contrainte de rupture en flexion (MPa)Flexural breaking stress (MPa)
Avant traitement 2555,6 2738,4Before treatment 2,555.6 2,738.4
Après traitement 2039,9 1718,2After treatment 2,039.9 1,718.2
Module de flexion (MPa) Avant traitement 39982 37051 Après traitement 37957 35339 Contrainte de rupture en cisaillement (MPa) Avant traitement 67,3 45,4 Après traitement 47,3 25,8Flexural modulus (MPa) Before treatment 39982 37051 After treatment 37957 35339 Shear breaking stress (MPa) Before treatment 67.3 45.4 After treatment 47.3 25.8
Si les propriétés mécaniques mentionnées ci-dessus sont moins bonnes que celles que l'on peut obtenir avec des compositions d'ensimage aqueuses connues spécialement adaptée aux résines époxy ou polyester, elles sont cependant loin d'être nulles. Leur niveau de performance est moyen, comparable à celui de la plupart des fils courants, et en tout cas il reste satisfaisant pour les applications visées ici.If the mechanical properties mentioned above are less good than those which can be obtained with known aqueous sizing compositions specially adapted for epoxy or polyester resins, they are however far from being zero. Their level of performance is average, comparable to that of most common wires, and in any case it remains satisfactory for the applications referred to here.
EXEMPLE 2EXAMPLE 2
On procède dans les conditions de l'exemple 1 , en utilisant les compositions A et B suivantes :The procedure is carried out under example 1, using the following compositions A and B:
Composition AComposition A
• triisocyanate (1) 35• triisocyanate (1) 35
• gamma-méthacryloxypropyl triméthoxysilane (2) 10• gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (2) 10
• gamma-glycidoxypropyl triméthoxysilane (3) 10 • palmitate d'isopropyle 5• gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3) 10 • isopropyl palmitate 5
Composition BComposition B
• polyglycol (masse moléculaire MW = 1000) (10) 15• polyglycol (molecular mass MW = 1000) (10) 15
• 3-diéthylamino-1 ,2-propanediol 11 ,5• 3-diethylamino-1, 2-propanediol 11, 5
• isostéarate de polyéthylèneglycol (4) 13 • 1 ,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 0,5• polyethylene glycol isostearate (4) 13 • 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane 0.5
Parallèlement à l'ensimage des filaments, on réalise le mélange à parts égales des compositions A et B. Le mélange a une viscosité égale à 2000 Pa.s après 1 heure et un temps de gel de 20 minutes.In parallel with the sizing of the filaments, the mixture A and B are made in equal parts. The mixture has a viscosity equal to 2000 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 20 minutes.
Les compositions A et B ont une viscosité égale à 49 cP (à 21 °C) et à 68 cP (à 22,5°C), respectivement.Compositions A and B have a viscosity of 49 cP (at 21 ° C) and 68 cP (at 22.5 ° C), respectively.
Les rapports r et r' de la composition d'ensimage ont des valeurs identiques égale à 0,998. Les filaments sont rassemblés pour former un fil qui est enroulé sur un support en rotation afin d'obtenir un stratifil direct de 14 kg. Le fil a une masse linéique de 286 tex et une perte au feu de 0,76 %.The ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition have identical values equal to 0.998. The filaments are brought together to form a thread which is wound on a rotating support in order to obtain a direct roving of 14 kg. The wire has a linear density of 286 tex and a loss on ignition of 0.76%.
Ce fil possède une résistance à la traction égale à 34,5 g/tex, une raideur égale à 157 mm (110 mm) et une quantité de bourre égale à 5 mg. EXEMPLE 3This yarn has a tensile strength equal to 34.5 g / tex, a stiffness equal to 157 mm (110 mm) and an amount of flock equal to 5 mg. EXAMPLE 3
On procède dans les conditions de l'exemple 1 , en utilisant les compositions A et B suivantes : Composition A triisocyanate (1) 35 gamma-méthacryloxypropyl triméthoxysilane (2) 15 gamma-glycidoxypropyl triméthoxysilane (3) 5 palmitate d'isopropyle 5The procedure is carried out under example 1, using the following compositions A and B: Composition A triisocyanate (1) 35 gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (2) 15 gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3) 5 isopropyl palmitate 5
Composition B • 1 ,5-pentanediol 18Composition B • 1,5-pentanediol 18
N-butyl-diéthanolamine 11N-butyl-diethanolamine 11
Polyéthylèneglycol (masse moléculaire MW = 300) 10Polyethylene glycol (molecular mass MW = 300) 10
1 ,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 11, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane 1
Les compositions A et B ont une viscosité égale à 49 cP (à 21 °C) et à 58 cP (à 22,5°C), respectivement.Compositions A and B have a viscosity equal to 49 cP (at 21 ° C) and 58 cP (at 22.5 ° C), respectively.
Les rapports r et r' de la composition d'ensimage ont des valeurs identiques égale à 0,375.The ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition have identical values equal to 0.375.
Parallèlement à l'ensimage des filaments, on réalise le mélange à parts égales des compositions A et B. Le mélange a une viscosité égale à 60 Pa.s après 1 heure et un temps de gel de 26 minutes.Parallel to the sizing of the filaments, the mixture A and B are made in equal parts. The mixture has a viscosity equal to 60 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 26 minutes.
On forme un fil de masse linéique égale à 287 tex qui est collecté sur une série de bobines. Ce fil subit un traitement de « voluminisation » dans les conditions suivantes : on rassemble les fils extraits de deux bobines et on les fait passer successivement sur un premier godet d'étirage (vitesse : 220 m/min), dans une buse (diamètre d'entrée et de sortie égal à 0,7 et 2,2 mm respectivement; pression d'air : 6-6,5 bars), sur un deuxième godet d'étirage (vitesse : 183,5 m/min) et enfin sur dispositif d'enroulement (pression : 2,5 bars). Le fil obtenu présente une masse linéique de 640 tex, une raideur avant embarrage égale à 110 mm, une perte au feu égale à 0,21 % et ne laisse apparaître aucun dépôt collant.A wire with a linear mass equal to 287 tex is formed which is collected on a series of coils. This wire undergoes a "voluminization" treatment under the following conditions: the wires extracted from two coils are collected and they are passed successively over a first drawing cup (speed: 220 m / min), in a nozzle (diameter d '' inlet and outlet equal to 0.7 and 2.2 mm respectively; air pressure: 6-6.5 bars), on a second drawing cup (speed: 183.5 m / min) and finally on winding device (pressure: 2.5 bars). The wire obtained has a linear mass of 640 tex, a stiffness before embarrassment equal to 110 mm, a loss on ignition equal to 0.21% and does not reveal any sticky deposit.
Le fil obtenu présente une résistance à la rupture suffisante pour pouvoir être tissé. Le tissu formé présente une bonne "couverture" (est "fermé"), est fortement hydrophobe et possède une bonne aptitude à l'imprégnation par le polyacétate de vinyle (perte au feu environ 17 %). Il peut être utilisé comme toile à peindre. EXEMPLE 4The yarn obtained has sufficient breaking strength to be able to be woven. The fabric formed has a good "covering" (is "closed"), is highly hydrophobic and has a good ability to impregnate with polyvinyl acetate (loss on ignition about 17%). It can be used as a painting canvas. EXAMPLE 4
On procède dans les conditions de l'exemple 1 , en utilisant les compositions A et B suivantes : Composition A triisocyanate (11) 35 gamma-méthacryloxypropyl triméthoxysilane (2) 10 gamma-glycidoxypropyl triméthoxysilane (3) 10 • palmitate d'isopropyle 5The procedure is carried out under example 1, using the following compositions A and B: Composition A triisocyanate (11) 35 gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (2) 10 gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3) 10 • isopropyl palmitate 5
Composition B isostéarate de polyéthylèneglycol (4) 9Composition B polyethylene glycol isostearate (4) 9
Alcool laurique éthérifié (4 motifs d'oxyde d'éthylène) (12) 9,5 triéthanolamine 17 • 1 ,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 0,5Etherified lauric alcohol (4 ethylene oxide units) (12) 9.5 triethanolamine 17 • 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane 0.5
1-méthyl-2-pyrrolydinone 41-methyl-2-pyrrolydinone 4
Les rapports r et r' de la composition d'ensimage ont des valeurs identiques égale à 0,589.The ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition have identical values equal to 0.589.
Parallèlement à l'ensimage des filaments, on réalise le mélange à parts égales des compositions A et B. Le mélange a une viscosité égale à 2800 Pa.s après 1 heure et un temps de gel de 32 minutes.In parallel with the sizing of the filaments, the mixture A and B are made in equal parts. The mixture has a viscosity equal to 2800 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 32 minutes.
Les filaments sont rassemblés en fils de 51 tex qui sont bobinés en gâteaux. A partir des fils extraits de 24 gâteaux, on forme un fil de 1400 tex qui présente une perte au feu de 1 ,28 %. Le fil présente une intégrité et une raideur moyennes et il peut être facilement coupé. Son aptitude à être imprégné par une résine polyester est évaluée à 1 , mesurée visuellement sur une échelle allant de 0 (mauvais; absence de mouillage) à 5 (excellent; fil invisible dans la résine). Le fil peut être utilisé en tant que renfort dans les matériaux du type SMC ("Sheet Molding Compound"). EXEMPLE 5The filaments are gathered into 51 tex threads which are wound into cakes. From the yarns extracted from 24 cakes, a 1400 tex yarn is formed which has a loss on ignition of 1.28%. The wire has medium integrity and stiffness and can be easily cut. Its ability to be impregnated with a polyester resin is evaluated at 1, measured visually on a scale going from 0 (bad; absence of wetting) to 5 (excellent; invisible thread in the resin). The wire can be used as reinforcement in materials of the SMC type ("Sheet Molding Compound"). EXAMPLE 5
Des filaments de 14 μm de diamètre obtenus par étirage de filets de verre E fondu s'ecoulant d'une filière (800 orifices) sont revêtus d'une première composition A puis d'une deuxième composition B (en pourcentage pondéral) : Composition A triisocyanate (1) 35 gamma-méthacryloxypropyl triméthoxysilane (2) 15 palmitate d'isopropyle 7Filaments 14 μm in diameter obtained by drawing melted E glass filaments flowing from a die (800 orifices) are coated with a first composition A and then with a second composition B (in percentage by weight): Composition A triisocyanate (1) 35 gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (2) 15 isopropyl palmitate 7
1-méthyl-2-pyrrolydinone 31-methyl-2-pyrrolydinone 3
Composition BComposition B
Alcool laurique éthérifié (4 motifs d'oxyde d'éthylène) (12) 16Etherified lauric alcohol (4 units of ethylene oxide) (12) 16
Polybutadiène-diamine (masse moléculaire = 1200 (13) 15 palmitate d'isopropyle 8Polybutadiene-diamine (molecular mass = 1200 (13) 15 isopropyl palmitate 8
1 ,8-diazabiscyclo[5.4.0]undéc-7-ène 11, 8-diazabiscyclo [5.4.0] undéc-7-ene 1
Les rapports r et r' de la composition d'ensimage sont respectivement égaux à 4,71 et 3,01.The ratios r and r 'of the sizing composition are equal to 4.71 and 3.01 respectively.
Parallèlement à l'ensimage des filaments, on réalise le mélange à parts égales des compositions A et B. Le mélange a une viscosité égale à 716 Pa.s après 1 heure et un temps de gel de 10,5 minutes.In parallel with the sizing of the filaments, the mixture A and B are made in equal parts. The mixture has a viscosity equal to 716 Pa.s after 1 hour and a gel time of 10.5 minutes.
Les filaments sont rassemblés pour former un fil qui est enroulé sur un support en rotation afin d'obtenir un stratifil direct de 20 kg. Le fil a une masse linéique de 315 tex, une perte au feu de 0,57 %. Il possède une résistance à la traction égale à 31 ,1 g/tex, une raideur égale à 170 mm (80 mm) et une quantité de bourre égale à 1 ,6 mg.The filaments are brought together to form a thread which is wound on a rotating support in order to obtain a direct roving of 20 kg. The wire has a linear mass of 315 tex, a loss on ignition of 0.57%. It has a tensile strength equal to 31.1 g / tex, a stiffness equal to 170 mm (80 mm) and an amount of fill equal to 1.6 mg.
Le fil ainsi obtenu est tissé et le tissu est utilisé pour le renforcement de matrices époxy, polyester et phénoliques.The yarn thus obtained is woven and the fabric is used for the reinforcement of epoxy, polyester and phenolic matrices.
(1) Commercialisé sous la référence « Tolonate HDT LV » par la Société RHODIA(1) Marketed under the reference “Tolonate HDT LV” by the company RHODIA
(2) Commercialisé sous la référence « Silquest A 174 » par la Société WITCO-CROMPTON(2) Marketed under the reference “Silquest A 174” by the company WITCO-CROMPTON
(3) Commercialisé sous la référence « Silquest A 187 » par la Société WITCO-CROMPTON(3) Marketed under the reference “Silquest A 187” by the company WITCO-CROMPTON
(4) Commercialisé sous la référence « LDM 1018 » par la Société SEPPIC(4) Marketed under the reference "LDM 1018" by the company SEPPIC
(5) Commercialisé sous la référence « LY 556 » par la Société CIBA-GEIGY(5) Marketed under the reference “LY 556” by the company CIBA-GEIGY
(6) Commercialisé sous la référence « Araldite HY 917 » par la Société CIBA-GEIGY(6) Marketed under the reference "Araldite HY 917" by the company CIBA-GEIGY
(7) Commercialisé sous la référence « Araldite DY 070 » par la Société CIBA-GEIGY (8) Commercialisé sous la référence « Synolit 1717 » par la Société DSM(7) Marketed under the reference "Araldite DY 070" by the company CIBA-GEIGY (8) Marketed under the reference "Synolit 1717" by the DSM Company
(9) Commercialisé sous la référence « HTM 60 » par la Société CIBA-GEIGY(9) Marketed under the reference “HTM 60” by the company CIBA-GEIGY
(10) Commercialisé sous la référence « Polyglycol 1000 » par la Société CLARIANT (11 ) Commercialisé sous la référence « Tolonate HDB LV » par la Société RHODIA (12) Commercialisé sous la référence « Simulsol P4 » par la Société SEPPIC(10) Marketed under the reference "Polyglycol 1000" by the company CLARIANT (11) Marketed under the reference "Tolonate HDB LV" by the company RHODIA (12) Marketed under the reference "Simulsol P4" by the company SEPPIC
(13) Commercialisé sous la référence « Poly Bd-diamine » par la Société ATOFINA (13) Marketed under the reference "Poly Bd-diamine" by the company ATOFINA

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Fil de verre revêtu d'une composition d'ensimage constituée d'une solution comprenant moins de 5 % en poids de solvant et comprenant un système de base polymérisable, ledit système comprenant au moins 50 % en poids d'un mélange : • de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive isocyanate1. Glass strand coated with a sizing composition consisting of a solution comprising less than 5% by weight of solvent and comprising a polymerizable base system, said system comprising at least 50% by weight of a mixture: of component (s) containing at least one isocyanate reactive function
• de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive hydroxy• component (s) containing at least one reactive hydroxy function
• et éventuellement de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive amine.• and optionally of component (s) containing at least one amine reactive function.
2. Fil de verre selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le système de base polymérisable représente 60 à 100 % en poids de la compostion.2. Glass strand according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymerizable base system represents 60 to 100% by weight of the composition.
3. Fil de verre selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le système de base représente 75 à 90 % en poids de la composition.3. Glass strand according to claim 2, characterized in that the basic system represents 75 to 90% by weight of the composition.
4. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le système de base est constitué à 75 % et jusqu'à 100 % en poids de(s) composant(s) isocyanates, de(s) composant(s) hydroxy et de(s) composant(s) amine.4. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the basic system consists of 75% and up to 100% by weight of isocyanate component (s), of (s) hydroxy component (s) and amine component (s).
5. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le système de base comprend au moins 70 % en poids de composant(s) de masse moléculaire inférieure à 750. 5. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the basic system comprises at least 70% by weight of component (s) of molecular mass less than 750.
6. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le rapport r du nombre de sites réactifs isocyanate au nombre de sites réactifs hydroxy est compris entre 0,1 et 6.6. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ratio r of the number of isocyanate reactive sites to the number of hydroxy reactive sites is between 0.1 and 6.
7. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le rapport r' du nombre de sites réactifs isocyanate à la somme du nombre de sites réactifs hydroxy et du nombre de sites réactifs amine est compris entre 0,1 et 6.7. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ratio r 'of the number of isocyanate reactive sites to the sum of the number of hydroxy reactive sites and the number of amine reactive sites is between 0, 1 and 6.
8. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en composant(s) isocyanate est comprise entre 10 et 50 % en poids de la composition d'ensimage, de préférence entre 20 et 40 %.8. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the content of isocyanate component (s) is between 10 and 50% by weight of the sizing composition, preferably between 20 and 40% .
9. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en composant(s) hydroxy est comprise entre 15 et 55 % en poids de la composition d'ensimage, de préférence entre 25 et 45 %.9. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the content of hydroxy component (s) is between 15 and 55% by weight of the sizing composition, preferably between 25 and 45% .
10. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en composant(s) amine est inférieure ou égale à 30 % en poids de la composition d'ensimage, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 20 %. 10. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the content of amine component (s) is less than or equal to 30% by weight of the sizing composition, preferably less than or equal to 20 %.
11. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la composition comprend de 0 à 5 % en poids d'un catalyseur.11. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the composition comprises from 0 to 5% by weight of a catalyst.
12. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11 , caractérisé en ce que la composition comprend de 0 à 30 % en poids d'un agent de couplage. 12. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the composition comprises from 0 to 30% by weight of a coupling agent.
13. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la que la composition comprend de 0 à 30 % en poids d'un agent de mise en œuvre textile.13. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the composition comprises from 0 to 30% by weight of a textile processing agent.
14. Fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le système de base est constitué de composant(s) isocyanate renfermant au moins deux fonctions réactives isocyanate, de composant(s) hydroxy renfermant au moins une fonction réactive hydroxy, et éventuellement de composant(s) amine renfermant au moins une fonction réactive amine.14. Glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the basic system consists of isocyanate component (s) containing at least two isocyanate reactive functions, of hydroxy component (s) containing at least one function reactive hydroxy, and optionally of amine component (s) containing at least one reactive amine function.
15. Fil de verre selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le système de base est constitué de composant(s) isocyanate renfermant trois fonctions réactives isocyanate et de composant(s) hydroxy contenant une à trois fonctions réactives hydroxy.15. Glass strand according to claim 14, characterized in that the basic system consists of isocyanate component (s) containing three reactive isocyanate functions and of hydroxy component (s) containing one to three reactive hydroxy functions.
16. Fil de verre selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le système de base est constitué de composant(s) isocyanate renfermant trois fonctions réactives isocyanate, de composant(s) hydroxy renfermant une fonction réactive hydroxy et de composant(s) amine renfermant deux fonctions réactives amine primaires.16. Glass strand according to claim 14, characterized in that the basic system consists of isocyanate component (s) containing three isocyanate reactive functions, of hydroxy component (s) containing a reactive hydroxy function and of amine component (s) containing two primary amine reactive functions.
17. Composition d'ensimage, notamment pour fils de verre, constituée d'une solution comprenant moins de 5 % en poids de solvant et comprenant un système de base polymérisable, ledit système comprenant au moins 50 % en poids d'un mélange :17. Sizing composition, in particular for glass strands, consisting of a solution comprising less than 5% by weight of solvent and comprising a polymerizable base system, said system comprising at least 50% by weight of a mixture:
• de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive isocyanate• component (s) containing at least one isocyanate reactive function
• de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive hydroxy• component (s) containing at least one reactive hydroxy function
• et éventuellement de composant(s) renfermant au moins une fonction réactive amine.• and optionally of component (s) containing at least one amine reactive function.
18. Composite comprenant au moins une matière organique et/ou inorganique et des fils de verre ensimés, caractérisé en ce que tout ou partie des fils de verre est constitué de fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16. 18. Composite comprising at least one organic and / or inorganic material and sized glass strands, characterized in that all or part of the glass strands consists of glass strand according to one of claims 1 to 16.
19. Utilisation du fil de verre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16 pour former une toile à peindre. 19. Use of the glass thread according to one of claims 1 to 16 to form a canvas to paint.
EP03752846A 2002-05-22 2003-05-21 Polyurethane-based anhydrous sizing composition for glass fibres, glass fibres thus obtained and composite materials comprising said fibres Withdrawn EP1506144A1 (en)

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FR0206197A FR2839968B1 (en) 2002-05-22 2002-05-22 POLYURETHANE-BASED ANHYDROUS-SIZING COMPOSITION FOR GLASS YARNS, GLASS YARNS OBTAINED AND COMPOSITES COMPRISING SAID YARNS
FR0206197 2002-05-22
PCT/FR2003/001537 WO2003097551A1 (en) 2002-05-22 2003-05-21 Polyurethane-based anhydrous sizing composition for glass fibres, glass fibres thus obtained and composite materials comprising said fibres

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FR2886299B1 (en) * 2005-05-26 2010-08-20 Saint Gobain Vetrotex POLYMER DISPERSION IN A REACTIVE ORGANIC MEDIUM, PROCESS FOR PREPARATION AND USES
CN103906717A (en) * 2011-09-23 2014-07-02 Ocv智识资本有限责任公司 Reinforcing fibers and their use for concrete reinforcement
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US20060099417A1 (en) 2006-05-11
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CN1656039A (en) 2005-08-17
PL372750A1 (en) 2005-08-08

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