EP1503827B1 - Bulkhead for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire - Google Patents

Bulkhead for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1503827B1
EP1503827B1 EP03752684A EP03752684A EP1503827B1 EP 1503827 B1 EP1503827 B1 EP 1503827B1 EP 03752684 A EP03752684 A EP 03752684A EP 03752684 A EP03752684 A EP 03752684A EP 1503827 B1 EP1503827 B1 EP 1503827B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tunnel
fire
hollow body
event
sealing
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EP03752684A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1503827A1 (en
Inventor
Laszlo Kerekes
Thomas Kerekes
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Prospective Concepts AG
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Prospective Concepts AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • A62C2/10—Fire-proof curtains
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0257—Fire curtains, blankets, walls, fences
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bulkhead for sealing a tunnel in case of fire according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the apparatus of D1 closes a tunnel in which a hollow body filling with chemical means, for example foam, slides in a frame from the ceiling of the tunnel to the ground.
  • the device of D2 seals a tunnel by means of an inflatable, double-walled hollow body.
  • the inner wall is made of gas-tight material, the outer of heat-resistant material.
  • a simple, alternatively double curtain is rolled up on one or more reels. These roles are for example secured to the ceiling and are rolled in the event of fire by motor means.
  • the space can be sprayed with water and thereby cooled.
  • the introduction of granular chemical agents is also provided.
  • the invention according to D4 concludes a tunnel by lowering one or more curtains. These are unrolled or unfolded by motor means.
  • the device according to D1 consists of a hollow body which can be filled with chemical agents and which is mounted folded on the tunnel ceiling. In use, the hollow body is filled and slides along vertical guide elements to the ground. This type of mounting of the guide elements makes it impossible to use this invention with non-rectangular tunnel cross-section without additional installations. Furthermore, in the event of a fire, the surface must be not only dense but also heat resistant.
  • the same problem also applies to the material in the solution according to D2.
  • a double-walled hollow body is proposed here.
  • the inner layer is gas-tight, the outer heat-resistant.
  • the heat flow through the space between the two layers is sufficient to heat the inner layer and to melt because it must be coated with elastic plastic.
  • the two layers over many square meters (a tunnel cross-section reaches quickly 40 to 50 m 2 ) under pressure and heat influence to keep clean separated.
  • Object of the present invention is to divide a tunnel in case of fire into several sectors with respect to gas exchange and heat transfer sectors.
  • the foreclosure should be fast and effective in operation and withstand the smoke and heat for a long time.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a first embodiment of the inventive concept.
  • the invention has two basically function-separated elements.
  • sealing of the tunnel is achieved by means of a pneumatic hollow body 1
  • this hollow body 1 is protected by curtains 2 of heat-resistant materials, such as ceramic fibers.
  • This separation of functions makes it possible to use specifically ideal materials for both parts of the invention.
  • the pneumatic hollow body 1 and the curtains 2 can be constructed expediently and in a simple manner.
  • a double-walled fabric with woven spacer threads 5 is used, henceforth referred to spacer fabric 4.
  • each of the curtains 2 With a length of the spacer threads 5 of about 20mm convection comes within each of the curtains 2 almost completely to a standstill. It is achieved as a minimum of heat transport through the curtains 2.
  • several curtains 2 can be installed one behind the other according to the requirements.
  • the innermost curtain 2 In order to prevent any mechanical action on the pneumatic hollow body 1, the innermost curtain 2 is mounted at a distance d of, for example, about 20 cm from the hollow body 1.
  • a double-walled fabric is also used, but with much longer spacer threads 5.
  • the wall-like shape of the pneumatic hollow body 1 guarantees the lowest possible need for gas, which also reduces the space requirement of any existing compressed gas tank 8.
  • the pneumatic hollow body 1 In order for the pneumatic hollow body 1 to withstand the pressure difference between the tunnel sectors to be separated caused by convection flows, it must accordingly adhere firmly to the tunnel walls 13 and the ceiling 16 and the roadway. The occurring compressive forces must thus counteract the frictional forces generated. The frictional forces are the greater, the wider the hollow body 1 designed and the greater the internal pressure of the hollow body 1 is.
  • the gas in the hollow body 1 will heat up over time and increase the internal pressure.
  • the hollow body 1 can be equipped with a pressure limiting valve 11, so that no impermissible pressure arises
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show frontal views of the tunnel bulkhead at different tunnel cross sections.
  • rail-like guide means 6 can be mounted on the tunnel walls 13.
  • This shape of the guide means 6 allows on the one hand a very fast unfold the curtains 2, since they can be dropped easily, on the other hand, so round, oval and rectangular tunnel cross-sections can be efficiently shielded.
  • Fig. 4 shows the firewall in the folded state viewed from above.
  • the pneumatic hollow body 1 and the heat-resistant curtains 2 are folded and stowed to save space on the tunnel ceiling.
  • a compressed gas tank 8 is housed between one of the curtains 2 and the hollow body 1 or in a bay in the tunnel ceiling.
  • a line with an open / close valve 10 runs between one of the curtains 2 and the hollow body 1 or in a bay in the tunnel ceiling.
  • the compressed gas tank 8 contains so much gas that its content is able to fill the hollow body 2 at the coldest possible internal temperature in the tunnel and to bring to the predetermined pressure.
  • This valve 11 prevents the occurrence of excessive overpressure in the pneumatic hollow body 1 during operation of the bulkhead.
  • the pneumatic hollow body 1 can be relieved after use, leads with another line a relief valve 12 from the pneumatic hollow body out.
  • a relief valve 12 from the pneumatic hollow body out.
  • the pneumatic hollow body 1 can be ventilated via this, for example by means of a blower 9, whereby cooling is achieved.
  • the pressure relief valve 11 also keeps the pressure constant.
  • closable flaps 15 are attached at the openings to the tunnel inner side of the channels 14 closable flaps 15 are attached. Depending on which side of the bulkhead heat and smoke are present, the flaps 15 can be closed on the side of the incident and opened on the other side. It is also according to the invention to obtain the fresh air for the blower 9 directly from the tunnel ventilation system.
  • Fig. 5 shows the main components of the firewall stowed in the folded state in a bay in the tunnel ceiling 16.
  • cover 17 are used here.
  • the curtains 2 are once shown separately and once folded together intertwined.
  • FIG. 6 shows a frontal view of the firewall in the operating state on the outermost curtain 2.
  • the heavy body 7 have arrived in the guide means 6 in its final position and thus extend the curtain 2 to, for example, the maximum width of the tunnel cross-section. Below the widest point the curtain 2 hangs free. Not shown are at most visible means for stowing the bulkhead.
  • Fig. 7 shows the essential components of the firewall in an isometric view.
  • the pneumatic hollow body 1 hang two heat-resistant curtains 2.
  • the compressed gas container 8 is shown schematically.
  • FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of the guide means 6. This is shown here, for example, embedded in the wall 13. Therein move the heavy body 7, such as steel balls, which are connected to the edge of the spacer fabric 4.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a bulkhead for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, which bulkhead seals off a tunnel cross-section in a gas-tight manner by means of an inflatable wall-type hollow body (1). Heat-insulating curtains (2) are disposed on both sides of the pneumatic hollow body (1) for protection from the effects of heat. The hollow body (1) and the curtains (2) are produced from a spacer material, the material of the pneumatic hollow body is additionally coated with an elastic plastic material. The spacer material of the curtains (2) is produced from heat-resistant materials that resist the enormous temperatures prevailing in tunnel fires. A compressed-gas container (8) for filling the hollow body (1) is mounted on the tunnel roof (16). The fire bulkhead according to the invention solves the problem of heat development separately from the problem of smoke. The hollow body (1) and the curtains (2) therefore form separate functional units and can be assembled in a simple manner and from materials that are suitable for the purpose of their use.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Schott zur Abdichtung eines Tunnels im Brandfall gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to a bulkhead for sealing a tunnel in case of fire according to the preamble of claim 1.

Vorrichtungen zur Abschottung von Tunneln sind mehrere bekannt geworden, so beispielsweise US 5 188 186 (D1), FR 2 764 672-A1 (D2), GB-A-2327880 (D3) und GB 2 296 658 A (D4). An ein Schott zur Abdichtung eines Tunnel im Brandfall sind verschiedene Anforderungen geknüpft. Es muss einen Tunnel in mehrere getrennte Sektoren unterteilen. Diese Sektoren müssen voneinander möglichst gasdicht abgetrennt sein. Weiter soll zwischen den Sektoren möglichst kein Wärmeaustausch stattfinden. Damit Rettungskräfte und/oder Aufräumequipen auf die andere Seite eines solchen Schottes gelangen können, muss es zusätzlich leicht passierbar oder wegräumbar sein.
Die Vorrichtung nach D1 verschliesst einen Tunnel indem ein sich mit chemischen Mitteln, beispielsweise Schaum, füllender Hohlkörper in einem Rahmen von der Decke des Tunnels zum Boden gleitet.
Die Vorrichtung von D2 dichtet einen Tunnel mittels eines aufblasbaren, doppelwandigen Hohlkörpers ab. Die innere Wand ist aus gasdichtem Material, die äussere aus hitzebeständigem Material gefertigt.Several devices have been disclosed for tunnel isolation such as US 5 188 186 (D1), FR 2 764 672-A1 (D2), GB-A-2327880 (D3) and GB 2 296 658 A (D4). To a bulkhead for sealing a tunnel in case of fire, various requirements are linked. It has to divide a tunnel into several separate sectors. These sectors must be separated from each other as gas-tight as possible. Next should take place between the sectors as possible no heat exchange. In order for rescue workers and / or clean-up crews to reach the other side of such a bulkhead, it must additionally be easy to pass or remove.
The apparatus of D1 closes a tunnel in which a hollow body filling with chemical means, for example foam, slides in a frame from the ceiling of the tunnel to the ground.
The device of D2 seals a tunnel by means of an inflatable, double-walled hollow body. The inner wall is made of gas-tight material, the outer of heat-resistant material.

In D3 ist ein einfacher, alternativ doppelter Vorhang auf eine oder mehrere Rollen aufgerollt. Diese Rollen sind beispielsweise an der Decke gesichert und werden im Brandfall mit motorischen Mitteln abgerollt. Im Falle eines doppelten Vorhanges kann der Zwischenraum mit Wasser besprüht und dadurch gekühlt werden. Alternativ ist auch das Einströmenlassen von granularen chemischen Mitteln vorgesehen.In D3, a simple, alternatively double curtain is rolled up on one or more reels. These roles are for example secured to the ceiling and are rolled in the event of fire by motor means. In the case of a double curtain, the space can be sprayed with water and thereby cooled. Alternatively, the introduction of granular chemical agents is also provided.

Die Erfindung gemäss D4 schliesst einen Tunnel durch Herablassen von einem oder mehreren Vorhängen ab. Diese werden mit motorischen Mitteln abgerollt oder entfaltet.The invention according to D4 concludes a tunnel by lowering one or more curtains. These are unrolled or unfolded by motor means.

Die Vorrichtung gemäss D1 besteht aus einem mit chemischen Mitteln füllbaren Hohlkörper, der an der Tunneldecke zusammengefaltet montiert ist. Bei Gebrauch wird der Hohlkörper gefüllt und gleitet entlang vertikaler Führungselemente zu Boden. Diese Art der Montage der Führungselemente verunmöglicht einen Gebrauch dieser Erfindung bei nicht rechteckigem Tunnel-Querschnitt ohne zusätzliche Installationen. Weiter muss im Falle eines Brandes die Oberfläche nicht nur dicht sondern auch noch hitzebeständig sein.The device according to D1 consists of a hollow body which can be filled with chemical agents and which is mounted folded on the tunnel ceiling. In use, the hollow body is filled and slides along vertical guide elements to the ground. This type of mounting of the guide elements makes it impossible to use this invention with non-rectangular tunnel cross-section without additional installations. Furthermore, in the event of a fire, the surface must be not only dense but also heat resistant.

Die gleiche Problematik gilt auch für das Material bei der Lösung gemäss D2. Zur Behebung des Hitzeproblems wird hier ein doppelwandiger Hohlkörper vorgeschlagen. Die innere Schicht ist gasdicht, die äussere hitzebeständig. Bei Temperaturen von mehreren hundert Grad während mehreren Stunden besteht jedoch die Möglichkeit, dass der Wärmefluss durch den Zwischenraum der beiden Schichten ausreicht, die innere Schicht zu erhitzen und so zum Schmelzen zu bringen, da sie mit elastischem Kunststoff beschichtet sein muss. Weiter ist es technisch sehr anspruchsvoll, die beiden Schichten über viele Quadratmeter (ein Tunnel-Querschnitt erreicht schnell 40 bis 50 m2) unter Druck- und Hitzeeinfluss sauber getrennt zu halten.The same problem also applies to the material in the solution according to D2. To remedy the heat problem, a double-walled hollow body is proposed here. The inner layer is gas-tight, the outer heat-resistant. At temperatures of several hundred degrees for several hours, however, there is the possibility that the heat flow through the space between the two layers is sufficient to heat the inner layer and to melt because it must be coated with elastic plastic. Furthermore, it is technically very demanding, the two layers over many square meters (a tunnel cross-section reaches quickly 40 to 50 m 2 ) under pressure and heat influence to keep clean separated.

Bei der Lösung gemäss D4 werden im Wesentlichen zwei konstruktiv verschiedene vorhangartige Konstruktionen präsentiert. Einerseits wird ein Vorhang abgerollt, andererseits entfaltet. Beide Ausprägungen der Erfindungsidee müssen, um gleichzeitig hitzebeständig und gasdicht zu sein, über mehrere Schichten verfügen. Die erfindungsgemässen Silikon-Schichten werden bei den vorherrschenden Temperaturen schmelzen, die so freigelegten Keramik- oder Glasfaserschichten werden nicht mehr gasdicht sein. Die Konstruktion eines Vorhanges bringt es mit sich, dass er an den Rändern nicht völlig dicht ist. Da zum Abrollen oder Entfalten der Vorhänge motorische Mittel und eine quer durch den Tunnel ragende Abrollvorrichtung benötigt werden, ist der Einsatz dieser Erfindung auf Tunnels mit annähernd rechteckigem Querschnitt beschränkt. Weiter besteht die Gefahr, dass ein unachtsamer Autofahrer mit der Abrollvorrichtung kollidiert und einen Folgeunfall verursacht.In the solution according to D4, essentially two structurally different curtain-type constructions are presented. On the one hand, a curtain is unrolled, on the other unfolded. Both versions of the inventive idea, in order to be simultaneously heat-resistant and gas-tight, must have several layers. The novel silicone layers will melt at the prevailing temperatures, the thus exposed ceramic or glass fiber layers will no longer be gas-tight. The construction of a curtain entails that it is not completely sealed at the edges. As motorized means and an unrolling device projecting transversely through the tunnel are required for unrolling or deploying the curtains, the use of this invention is limited to tunnels of approximately rectangular cross-section. There is also the danger that a careless car driver collides with the unwinding device and causes a consequential accident.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Tunnel im Brandfall in mehrere bezüglich Gasaustausch und Wärmetransport getrennte Sektoren zu unterteilen. Die Abschottung soll schnell und effektiv in Betrieb sein und den Rauchgasen und Hitzeeinflüssen längere Zeit standhalten.Object of the present invention is to divide a tunnel in case of fire into several sectors with respect to gas exchange and heat transfer sectors. The foreclosure should be fast and effective in operation and withstand the smoke and heat for a long time.

Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe ist wiedergegeben im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 hinsichtlich ihrer wesentlichen Merkmale, in den weiteren Patentansprüchen hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausbildungen.The solution of the problem is reflected in the characterizing part of claim 1 in terms of their essential features, in the other claims in terms of further advantageous embodiments.

Anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung wird der Erfindungsgedanke näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt des Tunnelschotts,
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht auf das Tunnelschott mit Führungsmitteln an den Wänden im verstauten Zustand, in einem Tunnel mit ovalem Querschnitt,
Fig. 3
eine Draufsicht auf das Tunnelschott mit Führungsmitteln an den Wänden im verstauten Zustand, in einem Tunnel mit annähernd rechteckigem Querschnitt,
Fig. 4
einen Grundriss des Tunnelschotts im verstauten Zustand,
Fig. 5
eine seitliche Ansicht des Tunnelschotts im verstauten Zustand,
Fig. 6
eine Draufsicht des Tunnelschotts mit Führungsmitteln im funktionalen entfalteten zustand,
Fig. 7
eine isometrische Ansicht des Tunnelschotts im funktionalen entfalteten Zustand in einem Tunnel mit ovalem Querschnitt,
Fig. 8
Eine Detailansicht der Führungsmittel eines doppelwandigen Vorhangs.
Reference to the accompanying drawings, the inventive concept is explained in detail. Show it
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section of the tunnel bulkhead,
Fig. 2
a plan view of the tunnel bulkhead with guide means on the walls in the stowed state, in a tunnel with oval cross section,
Fig. 3
a plan view of the tunnel bulkhead with guide means on the walls in the stowed state, in a tunnel with approximately rectangular cross section,
Fig. 4
a floor plan of the tunnel bulkhead in stowed condition,
Fig. 5
a lateral view of the tunnel bulkhead in stowed condition,
Fig. 6
a top view of the tunnel bulkhead with guide means in the functional unfolded state,
Fig. 7
an isometric view of the tunnel bulkhead in the functional unfolded state in a tunnel with an oval cross section,
Fig. 8
A detailed view of the guide means of a double-walled curtain.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine seitliche Ansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des Erfindungsgedankens. Die Erfindung besitzt zwei grundsätzlich funktionsgetrennte Elemente. Einerseits wird mittels eines pneumatischen Hohlkörpers 1 Abdichtung des Tunnels erreicht, andererseits wird dieser Hohlkörper 1 durch Vorhänge 2 aus hitzebeständigen Materialien, wie beispielsweise Keramikfasern, geschützt. Diese Funktionstrennung ermöglicht es, dass für beide Teile der Erfindung spezifisch ideale Materialien verwendet werden können. Weiter können der pneumatische Hohlkörper 1 und die Vorhänge 2 zweckdienlich und auf einfache Art konstruiert werden. Für die hitzebeständigen Vorhänge 2 wird beispielsweise ein doppelwandiges Gewebe mit eingewebten Distanzfäden 5 verwendet, fortan mit Distanzgewebe 4 bezeichnet. Bei einer Länge der Distanzfäden 5 von etwa 20mm kommt die Konvektion innerhalb jedes der Vorhänge 2 fast völlig zum Erliegen. Es wird so ein Minimum an Wärmetransport durch die Vorhänge 2 erreicht. Um den sehr hohen Temperaturen bei einem möglichen Tunnelbrand gewachsen zu sein, können den Anforderungen entsprechend mehrere Vorhänge 2 hintereinander angebracht werden. Um jegliche mechanische Einwirkung auf den pneumatischen Hohlkörper 1 zu unterbinden, wird der innerste Vorhang 2 in einem Abstand d von beispielsweise etwa 20cm vom Hohlkörper 1 montiert. Für den pneumatischen Hohlkörper 1 wird ebenfalls ein doppelwandiges Gewebe verwendet, allerdings mit wesentlich längeren Distanzfäden 5. Dieses kann dem Tunnelquerschnitt entsprechend zusammengenäht und verarbeitet werden, so dass der pneumatische Hohlkörper 1 im aufgeblasenen Zustand den Tunnelquerschnitt wandartig abdichtet. Die wandartige Form des pneumatischen Hohlkörpers 1 garantiert einen möglichst geringen Bedarf an Gas, was zudem den Platzbedarf der allfällig vorhandenen Druckgasbehälter 8 verringert. Damit der pneumatische Hohlkörper 1 dem durch Konvektionsströmungen hervorgerufenen Druckunterschied zwischen den zu trennenden Tunnelsektoren standhält, muss er entsprechend fest an den Tunnelwänden 13 sowie Decke 16 und Fahrbahn haften. Den auftretenden Druckkräften müssen somit die erzeugten Reibungskräfte entgegenwirken. Die Reibungskräfte sind um so grösser, je breiter der Hohlkörper 1 gestaltet und je grösser der Innendruck des Hohlkörpers 1 ist.Fig. 1 shows a side view of a first embodiment of the inventive concept. The invention has two basically function-separated elements. On the one hand, sealing of the tunnel is achieved by means of a pneumatic hollow body 1, on the other hand, this hollow body 1 is protected by curtains 2 of heat-resistant materials, such as ceramic fibers. This separation of functions makes it possible to use specifically ideal materials for both parts of the invention. Further, the pneumatic hollow body 1 and the curtains 2 can be constructed expediently and in a simple manner. For the heat-resistant curtains 2, for example, a double-walled fabric with woven spacer threads 5 is used, henceforth referred to spacer fabric 4. With a length of the spacer threads 5 of about 20mm convection comes within each of the curtains 2 almost completely to a standstill. It is achieved as a minimum of heat transport through the curtains 2. In order to be able to cope with the very high temperatures in the case of a possible tunnel fire, several curtains 2 can be installed one behind the other according to the requirements. In order to prevent any mechanical action on the pneumatic hollow body 1, the innermost curtain 2 is mounted at a distance d of, for example, about 20 cm from the hollow body 1. For the pneumatic hollow body 1, a double-walled fabric is also used, but with much longer spacer threads 5. This can be sewn together and processed according to the tunnel cross-section, so that the pneumatic hollow body 1 in the inflated state, the tunnel cross-section wall-like seals. The wall-like shape of the pneumatic hollow body 1 guarantees the lowest possible need for gas, which also reduces the space requirement of any existing compressed gas tank 8. In order for the pneumatic hollow body 1 to withstand the pressure difference between the tunnel sectors to be separated caused by convection flows, it must accordingly adhere firmly to the tunnel walls 13 and the ceiling 16 and the roadway. The occurring compressive forces must thus counteract the frictional forces generated. The frictional forces are the greater, the wider the hollow body 1 designed and the greater the internal pressure of the hollow body 1 is.

Da es nicht möglich ist, den Wärmefluss völlig zu unterbinden, wird sich das Gas im Hohlkörper 1 mit der Zeit erwärmen und den Innendruck erhöhen. Um einen konstanten Innendruck zu gewährleisten, kann der Hohlkörper 1 mit einem Druckbegrenzungsventil 11 ausgestattet werden, so dass kein unzulässiger Überdruck entstehtSince it is not possible to completely suppress the heat flow, the gas in the hollow body 1 will heat up over time and increase the internal pressure. In order to ensure a constant internal pressure, the hollow body 1 can be equipped with a pressure limiting valve 11, so that no impermissible pressure arises

Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen Frontalansichten des Tunnelschottes bei verschiedenen Tunnelquerschnitten. Damit jeweils der ganze Querschnitt zuverlässig gegen Hitze abgeschirmt wird, können an den Tunnelwänden 13 schienenartige Führungsmittel 6 montiert werden. Innerhalb dieser Führungsmittel 6 können schwere Körper 7, beispielsweise Stahlkugeln, die sich nicht verkeilen und beispielsweise bis an die breiteste Stelle der Vorhänge 2 an deren Rändern befestigt sind, gleiten. Diese Form der Führungsmittel 6 ermöglicht einerseits ein äusserst schnelles entfalten der Vorhänge 2, da sie einfach fallen gelassen werden können, andererseits können so runde, ovale und rechteckige Tunnelquerschnitte effizient abgeschirmt werden.FIGS. 2 and 3 show frontal views of the tunnel bulkhead at different tunnel cross sections. To ensure that the entire cross section is reliably shielded against heat, rail-like guide means 6 can be mounted on the tunnel walls 13. Within this guide means 6 heavy body 7, for example steel balls that do not wedge and are attached, for example, to the widest point of the curtains 2 at the edges, slide. This shape of the guide means 6 allows on the one hand a very fast unfold the curtains 2, since they can be dropped easily, on the other hand, so round, oval and rectangular tunnel cross-sections can be efficiently shielded.

Fig. 4 zeigt das Brandschott im zusammengefalteten Zustand von oben betrachtet. Der pneumatische Hohlkörper 1 und die hitzebeständigen Vorhänge 2 sind zusammengelegt und platzsparend an der Tunneldecke verstaut. Beispielsweise zwischen einem der Vorhänge 2 und dem Hohlkörper 1 oder in einer Bucht in der Tunneldecke ist ein Druckgasbehälter 8 untergebracht. Vom Druckgasbehälter 8 zum Hohlkörper 1 verläuft eine Leitung mit einem Auf/Zu-Ventil 10. Der Druckgasbehälter 8 enthält so viel Gas, dass sein Inhalt den Hohlkörper 2 bei der kältest möglichen Innentemperatur im Tunnel zu füllen und auf den vorgegebenen Überdruck zu bringen vermag. Aus dem Hohlkörper 1 heraus verläuft eine weitere Leitung mit einem Druckbegrenzungsventil 11. Dieses Ventil 11 verhindert während des Betriebes des Schotts das Entstehen eines zu grossen Überdrucks im pneumatischen Hohlkörpers 1. Damit der pneumatische Hohlkörper 1 nach Gebrauch entlastet werden kann, führt eine weitere Leitung mit einem Entlastungsventil 12 aus dem pneumatischen Hohlkörper heraus. In der Tunnelwand 13 sind Frischluftkanäle 14 eingelassen. Der pneumatische Hohlkörper 1 kann über diese beispielsweise mittels eines Gebläses 9 belüftet werden, wodurch auch eine Kühlung erreicht wird. Das Druckbegrenzungsventil 11 hält weiterhin den Druck konstant. An den Öffnungen zur Tunnelinnenseite der Kanäle 14 sind verschliessbare Klappen 15 angebracht. Davon abhängig auf welcher Seit des Schottes Hitze und Rauch vorhanden sind, können auf der Seite des Störfalles die Klappen 15 geschlossen und auf der andern Seite geöffnet werden. Es ist ebenfalls erfindungsgemäss die Frischluft für das Gebläse 9 direkt vom Tunnelbelüftungssystem zu beziehen.Fig. 4 shows the firewall in the folded state viewed from above. The pneumatic hollow body 1 and the heat-resistant curtains 2 are folded and stowed to save space on the tunnel ceiling. For example, between one of the curtains 2 and the hollow body 1 or in a bay in the tunnel ceiling, a compressed gas tank 8 is housed. From the compressed gas tank 8 to the hollow body 1, a line with an open / close valve 10 runs. The compressed gas tank 8 contains so much gas that its content is able to fill the hollow body 2 at the coldest possible internal temperature in the tunnel and to bring to the predetermined pressure. This valve 11 prevents the occurrence of excessive overpressure in the pneumatic hollow body 1 during operation of the bulkhead. Thus, the pneumatic hollow body 1 can be relieved after use, leads with another line a relief valve 12 from the pneumatic hollow body out. In the tunnel wall 13 are fresh air channels 14 taken in. The pneumatic hollow body 1 can be ventilated via this, for example by means of a blower 9, whereby cooling is achieved. The pressure relief valve 11 also keeps the pressure constant. At the openings to the tunnel inner side of the channels 14 closable flaps 15 are attached. Depending on which side of the bulkhead heat and smoke are present, the flaps 15 can be closed on the side of the incident and opened on the other side. It is also according to the invention to obtain the fresh air for the blower 9 directly from the tunnel ventilation system.

Fig. 5 zeigt die wichtigsten Komponenten des Brandschotts im zusammengefalteten Zustand in einer Bucht in der Tunneldecke 16 verstaut. Um den Hohlkörper 1 und die Vorhänge 2 an der Decke zu halten werden hier beispielsweise Deckel 17 verwendet. Die Vorhänge 2 sind einmal separat und einmal ineinander verschlungen zusammengefaltet dargestellt.Fig. 5 shows the main components of the firewall stowed in the folded state in a bay in the tunnel ceiling 16. In order to keep the hollow body 1 and the curtains 2 on the ceiling, for example, cover 17 are used here. The curtains 2 are once shown separately and once folded together intertwined.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Frontalansicht des Brandschotts im Betriebszustand auf den äussersten Vorhang 2. Die schweren Körper 7 sind in den Führungsmitteln 6 in ihrer Endposition angelangt und breiten so den Vorhang 2 bis beispielsweise zur maximalen Breite des Tunnelquerschnittes aus. Unterhalb der breitesten Stelle hängt der Vorhang 2 frei. Nicht dargestellt sind allenfalls sichtbare Mittel zum Verstauen des Schottes.6 shows a frontal view of the firewall in the operating state on the outermost curtain 2. The heavy body 7 have arrived in the guide means 6 in its final position and thus extend the curtain 2 to, for example, the maximum width of the tunnel cross-section. Below the widest point the curtain 2 hangs free. Not shown are at most visible means for stowing the bulkhead.

Fig. 7 zeigt die wesentlichen Bestandteile des Brandschottes in isometrischer Darstellung. Beiderseits des pneumatischen Hohlkörpers 1 hängen je zwei hitzebeständige Vorhänge 2. An der Tunneldecke 16 ist schematisch der Druckgasbehälter 8 dargestellt.Fig. 7 shows the essential components of the firewall in an isometric view. On both sides of the pneumatic hollow body 1 hang two heat-resistant curtains 2. On the tunnel ceiling 16, the compressed gas container 8 is shown schematically.

Fig. 8 zeigt eine Detailansicht des Führungsmittels 6. Dieses ist hier beispielsweise in die Wand 13 eingelassen dargestellt. Darin bewegen sich die schweren Körper 7, beispielsweise Stahlkugeln, die mit dem Rand des Distanzgewebes 4 verbunden sind.FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of the guide means 6. This is shown here, for example, embedded in the wall 13. Therein move the heavy body 7, such as steel balls, which are connected to the edge of the spacer fabric 4.

Bei einem Störfall in einem Tunnel ist damit zu rechnen, dass ein Autofahrer durch Unaufmerksamkeit oder Panik in ein sich entfaltendes oder voll funktionales Brandschott hineinfährt. durch einen solchen Aufprall wird ein erfindungsgemässes Brandschott voraussichtlich zerstört. Da die Vorhänge 2 und der pneumatische Hohlkörper 1 des Brandschottes jedoch völlig aus textilen Materialien bestehen werden die Insassen des Wagens durch den Zusammenstoss nicht gefährdet.In the event of an accident in a tunnel, it is to be expected that a driver will drive into an unfolding or fully functional firewall due to inattention or panic. Such an impact is likely to destroy a firewall according to the invention. However, since the curtains 2 and the pneumatic hollow body 1 of the firewall are made entirely of textile materials, the occupants of the car are not endangered by the collision.

Claims (18)

  1. A bulkhead for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, with means for building up a gas pressure and with a pneumatic hollow body (1) that can be inflated with compressed gas, characterized in that
    - the pneumatic hollow body (1) is realized in a wall-like fashion, consisting of
    - at least one double-walled fabric with two respective fabric layers that are connected by a plurality of spacer threads (5) and the outside of which is coated with an elastic plastic material, and
    - means extending along the edge that are pressed against the tunnel wall (13) and the roof (16) of the tunnel due to the internal pressure and thusly seal off the tunnel cross section, wherein the surfaces of these means are realized such that they cling well to the inside of the tunnel, and in that
    - at least one heat-resistant curtain (2) is arranged on at least one side of the pneumatic hollow body (1) and spaced apart from the hollow body (1) by a distance d.
  2. The bulkhead according to Claim 1 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the distance d from the hollow body (1) lies between 0.1 m and 1 m.
  3. The bulkhead according to Claim 1 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the at least one curtain (2) is manufactured of a heat-resistant spacer fabric (4), the spacer threads (5) of which are shorter than those of the hollow body (1).
  4. The bulkhead according to Claim 3 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the spacer fabric (4) of the curtains (2) consists of ceramic fibers.
  5. The bulkhead according to Claim 4 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the spacer threads (5) in the spacer fabric (4) of the curtain (2) have a length between 10 and 100 mm.
  6. The bulkhead according to Claim 1 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that guide rails (6) are provided for the at least one curtain (2).
  7. The bulkhead according to Claim 6 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the sides of the at least one curtain (2) are provided with means for sliding in the guide rails (6).
  8. The bulkhead according to Claim 7 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that heavy bodies (7) are fixed on the edges of the at least one curtain (2) such that they are able to drop freely in the guide rails (6) and thusly unfold the innermost curtain (2).
  9. The bulkhead according to Claim 8 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the heavy bodies (7) consist of balls of steel.
  10. The bulkhead according to Claim 1 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the pneumatic hollow body (1) has a thickness between 0.2 m and 1 m.
  11. The bulkhead according to Claim 1 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the pneumatic hollow body can be inflated to an internal pressure between 1 x 103 Pa (0.01 bar) and 5 x 104 Pa (0.5 bar).
  12. The bulkhead according to Claims 10 and 11 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the pneumatic hollow body (1) has a thickness of 0.5 m and can be inflated to an internal pressure of 1 x 104 Pa (0.1 bar).
  13. The bulkhead according to Claim 1 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that a blower (9) is provided for ventilating the pneumatic hollow body (1).
  14. The bulkhead according to Claim 13 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that the blower (9) is supplied with fresh air by the ventilation system of the tunnel.
  15. The bulkhead according to Claim 13 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that locking flaps (15) are provided on channels (14) leading from the interior of the tunnel to the blower (9), and in that the blower (9) is supplied with fresh air via these channels.
  16. The bulkhead according to Claim 1 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that a line with an on/off valve (10) leads from the means for building up a gas pressure to the pneumatic hollow body (1).
  17. The bulkhead according to Claim 1 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that a line with a relief valve (12) leads out of the pneumatic hollow body (1).
  18. The bulkhead according to Claim 1 for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire, characterized in that a line with a pressure control valve (11) leads out of the pneumatic hollow body (1).
EP03752684A 2002-05-15 2003-03-31 Bulkhead for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire Expired - Lifetime EP1503827B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH809022002 2002-05-15
CH8092002 2002-05-15
PCT/CH2003/000206 WO2003097169A1 (en) 2002-05-15 2003-03-31 Bulkhead for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1503827A1 EP1503827A1 (en) 2005-02-09
EP1503827B1 true EP1503827B1 (en) 2006-05-24

Family

ID=29426131

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03752684A Expired - Lifetime EP1503827B1 (en) 2002-05-15 2003-03-31 Bulkhead for sealing off a tunnel in the event of a fire

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1503827B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE327008T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003215480A1 (en)
DE (1) DE50303487D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003097169A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2245229B1 (en) * 2004-04-23 2006-10-01 Jose Maria Gonzalez Ordoñez STRUCTURES CORTAFUEGOS AND CORTAHUMOS.
DE102010017244B4 (en) * 2010-06-04 2013-11-07 K.Tex Knein Technische Textilien Gmbh Smoke apron and smoke control system
CH713770B1 (en) * 2017-05-15 2021-11-30 Swiss Transp Research Institute Ag Method for the temporary subdivision of a tunnel or pipe serving as a traffic route into separate sections.
CN107998533A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-05-08 广东工业大学 A kind of inflatable tunnel fire proofing isolating device
CN109026123B (en) * 2018-08-21 2020-03-31 国诚集团有限公司 Dust collector for tunnel construction
CN112660176A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-16 北京交通大学 Movable isolation device and control method

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5188186A (en) 1990-11-16 1993-02-23 Nash Dale K Barricade for isolating open areas from spreading fire or smoke
GB2252728B (en) * 1991-02-14 1995-10-11 Roger Munday An inflatable device to seal an opening against smoke or fumes
GB9500058D0 (en) 1995-01-04 1995-03-01 Meggitt Uk Ltd Fire curtain system
GB2332860B (en) * 1995-03-22 1999-08-25 Rasontec Nv Curtain,end bar and guide bar
FR2764672B1 (en) 1997-06-13 2001-02-09 Bernard Castagner INFLATABLE FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES INFLATABLE BY PYROTECHNIC GAS GENERATORS
DE29922593U1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2000-04-13 Stöbich Brandschutz GmbH & Co. KG, 38644 Goslar Protective curtain side guide
FR2822174A1 (en) * 2001-03-13 2002-09-20 Alain Denes DEPLOYABLE PARTITION FOR USE IN ROAD TUNNELS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003097169A1 (en) 2003-11-27
DE50303487D1 (en) 2006-06-29
AU2003215480A1 (en) 2003-12-02
EP1503827A1 (en) 2005-02-09
ATE327008T1 (en) 2006-06-15

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