EP1473413A1 - Bewehrung für einen Betonpfahl - Google Patents

Bewehrung für einen Betonpfahl Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1473413A1
EP1473413A1 EP04251943A EP04251943A EP1473413A1 EP 1473413 A1 EP1473413 A1 EP 1473413A1 EP 04251943 A EP04251943 A EP 04251943A EP 04251943 A EP04251943 A EP 04251943A EP 1473413 A1 EP1473413 A1 EP 1473413A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
frame
concrete
cage
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04251943A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Claire Laing O'Rourke Plc Watson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Laing Orourke PLC
Original Assignee
Laing Orourke PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Laing Orourke PLC filed Critical Laing Orourke PLC
Publication of EP1473413A1 publication Critical patent/EP1473413A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
    • E02D9/005—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof removing the top of placed piles of sheet piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/36—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making without use of mouldpipes or other moulds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the breaking of concrete piles in order to remove the surplus concrete cap or head. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pile cage and a novel composite frame that facilitates removal of the pile head.
  • Reinforced concrete piles are widely used in civil engineering for retaining walls and foundations for structures.
  • Institution of Civil Engineers “Specification for Piling and Embedding Retaining Walls” published on 17 April 1996 under ISBN 0-7277-2566-1, it is taught to cast a pile to a level above a specified cut-off so that there remains a pile head or cap that must be removed. This is to ensure that:
  • hand-held pneumatic tools as employed in manual breaking processes, is associated with industrial injuries including hand-arm vibration syndrome ("HAV”) including vibration white finger.
  • HAV hand-arm vibration syndrome
  • Pile cap removal has recently been developed further using a pile cage in which pieces of polystyrene are fitted to the pile reinforcement projecting above the pile cut-off level as shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
  • Two large pieces of high density polystyrene supplied by Cordek Limited are fixed to the rebar.
  • the rebar above the polystyrene is protected by debonding material as with the Merritt & Elliott method.
  • the polystyrene elements are positioned so that their bases are at the cut-off level.
  • a tremmie pipe for pouring the concrete passes through the centre of the cage and polystyrene pieces.
  • the pile cap When the concrete is set the pile cap is connected to the remainder of the pile by a restricted and unreinforced column of concrete defined by the diameter of the void within the polystyrene pieces through which the tremmie pipe passes.
  • the surface of the concrete below the polystyrene is debonded from the pile cage.
  • the pile cap can therefore be grasped by a grab and rocked about a horizontal axis parallel to and above the gap between the two polystyrene pieces.
  • the compressibility of the polystyrene allows this movement to occur, thus snapping the unreinforced column above the cut-off level. This cap can then be lifted off.
  • the polystyrene pieces have to be removed and cannot be re-used. There is a tendency to flaking of the polystyrene on its removal. Disposal is a problem and loose, flying pieces of polystyrene on site can represent a safety hazard, especially on airport construction sites. Mechanically operated hand tools are still needed to trim the column of concrete to the cut-off level.
  • the polystyrene pieces need to be relatively deep to prevent them floating up as the concrete is poured. This creates a significant amount of concrete to be trimmed.
  • the polystyrene pieces need to be custom manufactured for each pile cage as the rebar is typically irregularly spaced. This makes their production expensive. They are also bulky to store and may need to be weighted down and protected if stored outside. If pile cages are fabricated off site, the polystyrene pieces are liable to be damaged in transit.
  • the present invention accordingly addresses the technical problems of achieving a clean break at the desired cut-off level without the use of pneumatically operated hand tools.
  • the present invention accordingly provides a pile cage comprising a reinforcement structure having a first part adapted to remain in a pile, the first part terminating at a predefined level, and a second part that is protected in order to debond it from concrete cast around it; and a frame having a substantially flat base aligned at the cut-off level, the frame having an outer periphery substantially corresponding to the intended outer periphery of the pile to be cast around the cage, a central aperture, and a wall defining a plurality of slots passing through it in order to accommodate the second part of the reinforcement, the frame wall having a compressible core sandwiched between rigid layers to which concrete will not bond.
  • the necessary compressibility to allow an unreinforced column of concrete formed in the central aperture to be snapped by rocking can be achieved, while ensuring that the resultant nib of concrete above the cut-off level is small and can be arranged to be within the design tolerance so that no manual trimming is necessary. This eliminates the health and safety risks associated with such tools and provides a safer working environment.
  • the slots surrounding the second part of the reinforcement are filled with a material such as spray-applied, polyurethane based, expanding filler foam ("builder's foam”) to prevent ingress of concrete.
  • a material such as spray-applied, polyurethane based, expanding filler foam ("builder's foam") to prevent ingress of concrete.
  • builder's foam expanding filler foam
  • Such a frame can be reused several times. It can be removed from the reinforcement after the removal of the pile cap and the filler foam from the slots.
  • the frame does not break-up or flake on removal, eliminating the health and safety risks and environmental implications of polystyrene pieces of the prior art.
  • the present invention also provides a method of breaking concrete piles reinforced with a pile cage as previously described.
  • a pile cage comprise a reinforcement 2 for a pile.
  • the reinforcement 2 is typically fabricated from an assembly of rebars 4 held together in the desired configuration by means of a coil or links (not shown). Steel mesh may also be used to create the reinforcement.
  • a lifting band 6 is provided.
  • the reinforcement 2 has a first part 8 which remains in situ in a cast pile and a second part 10 which will be in a pile head is to be incorporated into reinforced concrete slabs or caps.
  • the first and second parts 8, 10 are separated by the plane of a cut-off level indicated at 20 in Figure 2.
  • the lifting frame 6 is positioned below the cut-off level 20.
  • the rebar 4 in the second part 10 of the reinforcement 2 is protected by means of a debonding foam tubing 22.
  • the type of foam tubing which is slit axially like pipe insulation is preferred as this can be easily assembled to the rebar 4 in order to form a protective layer.
  • Other debonding products or techniques may be employed.
  • the debonding 22 terminates at the cut-off level 20.
  • the pile cage is also fitted with an annular frame 30 that has a base 32 which rests exactly at the cut-off level 20.
  • the outer periphery 34 of the frame 30 is substantially the same as the intended outer periphery of the pile less a small tolerance.
  • a circular cross section has been shown for the frame 30, it will be appreciated that rectangular or other cross sections as required by the particular application could be provided.
  • the frame 30 comprises an annular wall 36 defining a central aperture 40. Slots 42 extend through a central region of the frame wall 36 in order that the frame 30 can be passed over the debonded second reinforcement part 10. Each of the slots 42 is arcuate and runs around the middle of the wall and extends through the full height of the wall.
  • the width of the slots 42 is sufficient to accommodate the rebar 4 and debonding 22 plus a small tolerance.
  • the remainder of the space in the slots is to be filled with an expanding polyurethane builder's foam or similar packing once the frame 30 is positioned on the reinforcement 2.
  • Four slots are shown in the illustrated embodiment but three or two are possible.
  • the frame 30 is made in a sandwich construction.
  • a base layer 44 which sits at the cut-off level is a 6mm neoprene layer or similar which will not bond to concrete. This facilitates the creation of a smooth surface at the cut-off level 20 when the pile head is removed and protects the frame 30 from damage in storage and during installation.
  • a central layer or core 46 of the frame 30 is made of 25mm high density closed cell polyethylene. Other compressible materials may be employed. The compressibility and depth of this core 46 are chosen to enable the pile head to be rocked for removal. The height should be as low as possible to reduce trimming.
  • the compressible central core 46 is surrounded above and below by two rigid layers 48,50, preferably formed of 10mm thick plywood. The upper surface of the frame 30 is protected by another neoprene layer 52.
  • the aperture 40 is as small as possible in order that only a small, easily cracked column of concrete will be created between the pile head and body. Nevertheless the aperture 40 must be large enough to allow a tremmie pipe to pass through and to allow displaced concrete to escape from the bore.
  • the frame construction described is particularly convenient for assembly on site.
  • the frame is held in place on the reinforcement 2 at the cut-off level 20 by the foam which bonds the layer 22 to the walls of the slots 42.
  • the reinforcement 2 is fabricated and the second part 10 of the reinforcement has debonding tubing foam 22 carefully fitted to the rebar 4 above the cut-off level 20.
  • a frame 30 of the correct diameter of the required pile is fitted over the debonded rebar 4 and secured in place with builder's foam.
  • the size of the cage may result in it being too heavy for the frame to be assembled to it on the ground.
  • hanging chains and a crane are used to position the cage in the open bore and to place the frame 30 over the reinforcement.
  • the chains will pass through slots 42 or other voids (not shown) and be secured to the lifting frame 6.
  • the base 32 of the frame 30 is positioned exactly at the required cut-off level 20. Filler foam is then used to stuff the slots 42 around the rebar 4 in order to prevent ingress of concrete.
  • Voids where lifting chains 66 pass through the frame 30 to the pile cage are also filled with expanded foam to prevent ingress of concrete there.
  • the pile is bored to the desired depth and the cage installed and the fully assembled cage including the frame 30 installed.
  • the pile is then concreted resulting in a pile as illustrated in Figure 5.
  • This pile has a small column 54 of unreinforced concrete formed between the structural element of the pile 56 and a pile head 58. This column 54 is created in the central aperture 40 of the frame 30.
  • a hydraulic grab 60 on an excavator 62 is then used to grip the pile head and rock it slightly to create a fracture at the cut-off level 20 within the aperture 40. The grab is then used to lift the fractured pile head and load it directly into a truck.
  • the pile head can then be taken to a concrete crushing plant to be recycled. Other types of mechanical or hydraulic lifting equipment may be used for this purpose.
  • the frame 30 may be reused a number of times in order to increase efficiency. Ten will be a typical number of reuses possible with the materials described.
  • the grab 60 is preferably specially adapted so that it can hold the pile head firmly from above and rock it in the same manner as proposed by Bachy Solentanche Ltd and Laing O'Rourke plc.
  • the pile cage as described can readily be adapted for use with other pile casting methods in which the concrete is poured first and the reinforcement inserted second.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
EP04251943A 2003-05-02 2004-03-31 Bewehrung für einen Betonpfahl Withdrawn EP1473413A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0310217A GB2401140B (en) 2003-05-02 2003-05-02 Pile cap removal
GB0310217 2003-05-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1473413A1 true EP1473413A1 (de) 2004-11-03

Family

ID=32982449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04251943A Withdrawn EP1473413A1 (de) 2003-05-02 2004-03-31 Bewehrung für einen Betonpfahl

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1473413A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2401140B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017141039A1 (en) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-24 Novaslice Ltd Improvements in or relating to pile head removal
CN109457872A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-12 中铁十六局集团城市建设发展有限公司 一种现浇框架柱钢筋笼预制装配式施工装置及施工方法
CN113522444A (zh) * 2021-07-23 2021-10-22 杨奔奔 一种建筑节能环保用混凝土回收装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0425406D0 (en) * 2004-11-18 2004-12-22 Shanks John Method for breaking down concrete piles
CN106968251A (zh) * 2017-05-26 2017-07-21 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 一种混凝土灌注桩桩头的破除装置及其施工方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59224723A (ja) * 1983-06-02 1984-12-17 Taisei Corp コンクリ−トの破砕切断方法
WO1997036058A1 (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-10-02 Robert Arthur Merritt Method of breaking concrete piles
NL1018379C2 (nl) * 2001-06-25 2003-01-07 Vlasman Betonbewerkings En Slo Inrichting voor het verwijderen van een uiteinde van een betonnen funderingspaal.
GB2382096A (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-05-21 Robert Arthur Merritt Debonding sheath for piles
BE1014689A3 (nl) * 2002-03-08 2004-03-02 Kempeneers Guy Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een fundering of een grondkering.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5965122A (ja) * 1982-10-07 1984-04-13 Tobishima Kensetsu Kk 場所打ち鉄筋コンクリ−ト杭の構築方法
JPS5985023A (ja) * 1982-11-05 1984-05-16 Shotaro Shimura 場所打杭工法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59224723A (ja) * 1983-06-02 1984-12-17 Taisei Corp コンクリ−トの破砕切断方法
WO1997036058A1 (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-10-02 Robert Arthur Merritt Method of breaking concrete piles
NL1018379C2 (nl) * 2001-06-25 2003-01-07 Vlasman Betonbewerkings En Slo Inrichting voor het verwijderen van een uiteinde van een betonnen funderingspaal.
GB2382096A (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-05-21 Robert Arthur Merritt Debonding sheath for piles
BE1014689A3 (nl) * 2002-03-08 2004-03-02 Kempeneers Guy Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een fundering of een grondkering.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 009, no. 100 (M - 376) 2 May 1985 (1985-05-02) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017141039A1 (en) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-24 Novaslice Ltd Improvements in or relating to pile head removal
CN109457872A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2019-03-12 中铁十六局集团城市建设发展有限公司 一种现浇框架柱钢筋笼预制装配式施工装置及施工方法
CN109457872B (zh) * 2018-11-30 2024-02-02 中铁十六局集团城市建设发展有限公司 一种现浇框架柱钢筋笼预制装配式施工装置及施工方法
CN113522444A (zh) * 2021-07-23 2021-10-22 杨奔奔 一种建筑节能环保用混凝土回收装置

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GB2401140B (en) 2005-03-16
GB2401140A (en) 2004-11-03

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