EP1465749A1 - Tool for surface treatment of an optical surface - Google Patents

Tool for surface treatment of an optical surface

Info

Publication number
EP1465749A1
EP1465749A1 EP03712206A EP03712206A EP1465749A1 EP 1465749 A1 EP1465749 A1 EP 1465749A1 EP 03712206 A EP03712206 A EP 03712206A EP 03712206 A EP03712206 A EP 03712206A EP 1465749 A1 EP1465749 A1 EP 1465749A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool according
support
end surface
tool
interface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03712206A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1465749B1 (en
EP1465749B9 (en
Inventor
Jo[l HUGUET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EssilorLuxottica SA
Original Assignee
Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA filed Critical Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
Publication of EP1465749A1 publication Critical patent/EP1465749A1/en
Publication of EP1465749B1 publication Critical patent/EP1465749B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1465749B9 publication Critical patent/EP1465749B9/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor by means of tools with abrading surfaces corresponding in shape with the lenses to be made
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
    • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
    • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D9/00—Wheels or drums supporting in exchangeable arrangement a layer of flexible abrasive material, e.g. sandpaper
    • B24D9/08—Circular back-plates for carrying flexible material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the surfacing of optical surfaces.
  • surfacing is meant any operation aimed at modifying the surface state of a previously shaped optical surface. These are in particular polishing, smoothing or frosting operations aimed at modifying (decreasing or increasing) the roughness of the optical surface and / or at reducing the ripple thereof.
  • the invention relates to a tool for resurfacing an optical surface, which comprises a rigid support having a transverse end surface, an elastically compressible interface which is applied against and covers said end surface, as well as a flexible pad capable of to be applied against the optical surface and which is applied against and at least partially covers the interface opposite and to the right of said end surface.
  • the tool is brought into contact with the latter while maintaining on it sufficient pressure of the tool so that, by deformation of the interface, the pad matches the shape of the optical surface .
  • the optical surface While spraying the optical surface with a fluid, it is rotated relative to the tool (or vice versa) and it is swept by means of the latter. Generally, the optical surface is rotated, its friction against the tool being sufficient to jointly drive the latter in rotation.
  • the surfacing operation requires an abrasive which may be contained in the pad or in the fluid.
  • the elastically compressible interface makes it possible to compensate for the difference in curvature between the end surface of the tool support and the optical surface, so that the same tool is suitable for a range of surfaces. optics with different curvatures and shapes.
  • this type of tool is also ill-suited to optical surfaces which have a too pronounced deviation from convexity or concavity with respect to the tool: in the first case, the edges of the tool lose contact with the optical surface ; in the second case, it is the central part of the tool which loses contact with the optical surface, resulting in incomplete planing.
  • a first consists in reducing the diameter of the tool, that is to say its overall transverse dimension, so as to restrict and locate the part of the optical surface in contact with the tool. On such a localized part, in fact, the contact of the tool with the surface remains more homogeneous than when considering this optical surface taken as a whole.
  • a second option consists, by keeping the diameter of the tool, to soften the interface, either by increasing its thickness, or by reducing its elasticity.
  • manufacturers of optical surfaces and in particular manufacturers of ophthalmic lenses, are resigned to using a large number of tools, of different sizes and curvatures, in order to cover the extent of their range of surfaces. optics.
  • the invention aims in particular to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a surfacing tool which, while being adapted to a sufficiently wide range of optical surfaces, in terms of curvatures (convexity, concavity) and shapes (spherical, toric, aspherical, progressive or any combination thereof, or more generally "freeform”), has good stability during surfacing, and allows surfacing that is both safe, rapid and of good quality while being of reduced cost.
  • the invention provides a tool for surfacing an optical surface, which comprises a rigid support having a transverse end surface, an elastically compressible interface which is applied against and covers said end surface, as well as a flexible pad capable of being applied against the optical surface and which is applied against and at least partially covers the interface opposite and in line with said end surface, the pad comprising a so-called central part which is located at the right of the end surface, and a peripheral part which lies transversely beyond said end surface, elastic return means connecting this peripheral part to the support.
  • the combination of the peripheral part of the tampon and the return means forms a means for stabilizing the tool during surfacing, which is essentially carried out in line with the end surface of the support.
  • the same tool is suitable for surfacing surfaces whose convexity - or concavity - has a deviation from that of the tool. relatively pronounced, just as it is particularly suitable for surfacing surfaces of complex shape, in particular toro-progressive.
  • the tampon is in one piece, its central and peripheral parts forming a single piece, for the benefit of the simplicity of construction.
  • the pad has a plurality of petals projecting transversely from its central part, which corresponds to the usual form in which the surfacing pads are made.
  • the peripheral part is in the form of a crown surrounding the central part, so that when the tampon is in one piece, it is, in the absence of stress, in the form of a disc.
  • the interface may also include a central part which is located in line with the end surface of the support, and a peripheral part, which lies transversely beyond this end surface, and which is interposed between the peripheral part of the tampon and the return means.
  • peripheral part of the interface is, for example, in the absence of constraint, in the form of a crown surrounding its central part.
  • the tool may include a deformable ring transversely surrounding the support and interposed between the peripheral part of the interface and the return means.
  • the ring will preferably be chosen with a circular longitudinal section.
  • the interface is in one piece, its central and peripheral parts forming a single piece, for the benefit of the simplicity of construction.
  • the interface appears for example, in the absence of constraint, in the form of a disk.
  • the return means comprise for example an elastically flexible strip projecting transversely from the support, and connected to the support by a first end, and to the peripheral part of the pad by a second end.
  • this strip is rigidly anchored in the support by its first end, for the benefit of good stability of the tool.
  • the return means comprise a star piece fixed to the support and provided with branches each forming an elastically flexible strip.
  • the support comprises for example two jaws fixed to one another, the star-shaped part comprising a central part pinched between the two jaws and from which its branches project.
  • each branch of the star-shaped piece is positioned in line with a petal .
  • the end surface it can be flat, concave or convex, which allows, with a limited number of tools, to surface a large number of optical surfaces.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a tool according to the invention and an ophthalmic lens having an optical surface to be surfaced;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the tool of Figure 1 shown assembled, during surfacing of the optical surface of the lens of Figure 1; to illustrate the movement of the tool relative to the lens during surfacing, the tool has been represented in three positions, two of which are shown in phantom;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of the tool and the lens of Figure 2, along the cutting plane III-III;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation view of the tool of Figure 3 shown alone, at rest; the representation in broken lines of the elastic return means illustrates the deformation of the latter during surfacing;
  • Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to Figures 4 and 5, according to a second alternative embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic top view showing an ophthalmic lens during surfacing using a tool according to the invention, the tool being shown during the scanning of the optical surface in two positions, one of which is illustrated in broken lines.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tool 1 for surfacing an optical surface 2, in this case one of the faces of an ophthalmic lens 3.
  • the optical surface 2 concerned is shown to be concave, but it could just as easily be convex.
  • the tool 1 is formed by a stack of at least three parts, namely a rigid part 4, an elastically compressible part 5, and a flexible part 6, which, in what follows, will be called respectively support, interface and buffer. As it appears in particular in FIG.
  • the support 4 comprises two jaws, namely a lower jaw 7 and an upper jaw 8 adapted to be superimposed by being nested one inside the other by means of a pin 9 projecting from one of the faces of the upper jaw 8, suitable for being housed in a complementary hole 11 arranged, opposite, in a face 12 of the lower jaw 7.
  • the support 4 is generally cylindrical with symmetry of revolution and has an axis of symmetry denoted X, which defines a so-called longitudinal direction.
  • X axis of symmetry
  • n the normal to the optical surface 2 at the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry X of the tool 1 with the latter.
  • the lower jaw 7 Opposite its face 12 in which the hole 11 is made, the lower jaw 7 has an end surface 13 extended substantially transversely, against which the interface 5 is applied, by covering it. The pad 6 is to him applied against the interface 5 on the other side of it relative to the support 4.
  • the buffer 6 at least partially covers the interface 5 opposite and in line with the end surface 13.
  • the friction of the pad 6 against the optical surface 2 will, by means of an abrasive contained in the spray fluid or incorporated in the pad 6 itself, ensure a surface removal of material on the optical surface 2 in view to modify the surface texture, as we will see later.
  • the tampon comprises, on the one hand a central part 6a which is located in line with the end surface 13, and a peripheral part 14 which is located, transversely, beyond the end surface 13.
  • This peripheral part 14 is connected to the support 4 by means of elastic return means 15.
  • the peripheral part 14 extends in the extension of the central part 6a while being, at rest, substantially coplanar with it.
  • the pad 6 is in one piece, the peripheral part 14 being connected to the central part 6a, so that they in fact form only one and the same part.
  • the pad 6 is in the form of a flower, and thus comprises a plurality of petals 14b which, projecting transversely from the central part
  • the peripheral part 14 is in the form of a ring 14a which surrounds the central part 6a.
  • the buffer 6 is, when it is in one piece, in the form of a disc of material whose thickness is small compared to its diameter, as shown in FIG. 1, the peripheral part 14, 14a thus forming a collar relative to the end surface 13.
  • the return means 15, which will be described later, can be interposed directly between the support 4 and the peripheral part 14 of the pad 6, that is to say, in practice, the flange 14a or the petals 14b.
  • the interface 5 comprises not only a central part 5a which is located in line with the end surface 13, but also a peripheral part 16 which is located transversely beyond of the end surface 13.
  • This peripheral part 16 is in the extension of the central part 5a, and is for example, in the absence of stress, in the form of a crown which surrounds the central part 5a, and which is in fact interposed between the peripheral part 14 of the buffer 6 and the return means 15.
  • the interface 5 is in one piece, its central parts 5a and peripheral 16 being in fact connected together to form a single piece, the peripheral part 16 forming a flange relative to the end surface 13.
  • the one-piece interface 5 is for example in the form of a disc of material whose thickness is small compared to its transverse dimension (that is to say its diameter).
  • the interface 5 and the buffer 6 are both in one piece, they have comparable transverse dimensions.
  • they when they are each in the form of a disc of material, they will preferably be chosen, for constructive convenience, of the same diameter.
  • provision may also be made to use a pad of diameter different from that of the interface, in particular of a larger diameter in order to reduce the edge effects of the tool on the worked surface.
  • a deformable ring 17 interposed between the peripheral part 16 of the interface 5 and the return means 15 In practice, this ring 17 is fixed on the peripheral part 16 on the other side of the latter relative to the pad 6, that is to say on the same side as the support 4, and so that that -this is surrounded by ring 17.
  • this ring 17 is of circular longitudinal section, but it could also be of more complex shape, in particular oblong, polygonal, rectangular or square. Furthermore, it is disposed on the peripheral part 16 concentrically with the support 4.
  • the return means 15 are now described.
  • These comprise at least one elastically flexible strip 18 which projects transversely from the support 4 and which is connected, on the one hand, rigidly, to the support 4 by a first end 18a and, on the other hand, to the peripheral part 14 of the buffer 6 by a second end 18b, called the free end, opposite the first 18a.
  • the return means 15 comprise a plurality of such strips 18, distributed uniformly around the periphery of the support 4, to act on the whole of the peripheral part 14 of the pad 6.
  • the return means 15 are in fact in the form of a star piece 19 rigidly fixed to the support 4.
  • This star-shaped part 19 comprises a central part 20 of which project a plurality of branches 18 each forming an elastically flexible strip extended radially in a transverse plane.
  • the star piece 19 For fixing the star piece 19 to the support 4, its central part 20 is, in practice, clamped between the jaws 7, 8 of the support 4, its centering being ensured by means of a through hole 21 made in its center, crossed by the pin 9 of the upper jaw 8, the assembly being held in place by means of fixing means such as screws which, passing through the upper jaw 8 and the central part 20 of the star piece 19, come to be caught in the jaw lower 7.
  • the one-piece buffer 6 comprises a plurality of petals 14b, there are provided on the star-shaped part 19 as many branches 18 as there are petals 14b, the star-shaped part 19 being oriented so that each branch 18 extends to the right of a petal 14b.
  • the star piece 19 has, in turn, seven branches 18 adapted to each ensure the elastic return of a petal 14b.
  • the pad 6 and the interface 5 are both one-piece parts, the interface 5 being in the form of a disc of material, the pad 6 being in the form of a flower, while the return means 15 are in the form of a star piece 19 as previously described, and that between the free ends 18b of its branches 18 and the interface 5 is interposed a deformable ring 17 of circular section.
  • the ring 17 is fixed to the interface 5 and to the free ends 18b of the branches 18, this fixing being able to be ensured by any means, bonding being however preferred, in particular for its simplicity.
  • the diameters of the interface 5, of the buffer 6, of the star piece 19, have a value at least twice that of the diameter of the support 4.
  • the diameters of the interface 5 and of the pad 6 are chosen to be substantially equal to the diameter of the lens 3, so that the diameter of the support 4 is much less than the diameter of lens 3.
  • the use of tool 1 is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the lens 3 is mounted on a rotary support (not shown) by means of which it is rotated about a fixed axis Y.
  • the tool 1 is applied against this face 2 with sufficient force so that the pad 6 marries its form.
  • the tool 1 is here, for its part, free to rotate, however being off-center with respect to the optical surface 2.
  • a forced drive in rotation of the tool, by its own means, may however be provided.
  • the relative friction of the optical surface 2 and of the buffer 6 is sufficient to cause the tool 1 to rotate in the same direction as that of the lens 3, around an axis substantially coincident with the axis X of symmetry of the support 4.
  • the optical surface 2 is sprayed with a non-abrasive or abrasive coolant, depending on whether or not the pad performs this function by itself.
  • the tool 1 In order to scan the entire optical surface 2, the tool 1 is displaced during surfacing along a radial trajectory, the point of intersection of the axis of rotation X of the tool 1 with the optical surface 2 performing a back and forth movement between two turning points, namely an outer turning point A and an inner turning point B both located at a distance from the axis of rotation Y of the lens 3.
  • the central part 6a of the buffer 6 deforms by conforming to the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the compressibility of the central part 5a of the interface 5.
  • peripheral part 14 of the buffer 6 deforms by following the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the deformation of the flexible strips 18.
  • the majority of material is removed from the end surface 13, that is to say that this material is removed essentially by the central part 6a of the pad 6.
  • the peripheral parts 14 of the buffer 6 and 16 of the interface 5 they essentially have a stabilizing role, on the one hand thanks to the increase in the lift or seat of the tool 1 compared to a conventional tool whose buffer and the interface would be limited to the central parts 5a, 6a and, on the other hand, thanks to the return means 15 which maintain permanent contact between the peripheral part 14 of the buffer 6 and the optical surface 2.
  • the deformable ring 17 allows a smoothing of the distribution of stress exerted on the peripheral periphery of the interface 5 and, consequently, on the pad 6 by the strips 18.
  • its axis of rotation X is permanently collinear or substantially collinear with normal n to the optical surface 2, the orientation of the tool 1 being thus optimal at all moment.
  • the end surface 13 of the support 4 is planar.
  • the tool 1 is thus adapted to surface a certain range of optical surfaces 2 of different curvatures.
  • the tool 1 When at rest the blades 18 are straight (FIG. 4) or bent opposite the end surface 13 (FIG. 5), the tool 1 is intended for the concave optical surfaces 2, while when at rest the lamellae 18 are bent on the side of the end surface 13 (FIG. 6), the tool 1 is intended for the optical surfaces 2 convex.
  • the end surface 13 of the support 4 is convex, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 having a more pronounced concavity.
  • the end surface 13 of the support 4 is on the contrary concave, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 with more pronounced convexity.
  • the concave or convex embodiment of the end surface 13 with the preload of the return means 15, as described above.
  • the use of three tools 1, as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, that is to say whose end surfaces 13 are respectively flat, convex and concave, is sufficient to cover a large range of optical surfaces 2 to be surfaced, both convex and concave, and of various shapes: spherical, toric, progressive aspherical or any combination thereof, or more generally of the freeform type.
  • the return means are in the form of a helical spring, anchored by a first end in the support and fixed by a second end to the peripheral part of the tampon. This spring is for example of frustoconical profile, and widens from the support towards said peripheral part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a tool for surface treatment (1) of an optical surface (2), comprising a rigid support (4) having a transverse end surface (13), an elastically compressible interface (5) which is applied against and overlaps said end surface (13), and a soft buffer (6) designed to be applied against the optical surface (2) and which is pressed against and overlaps at least partly the interface (5) opposite and perpendicular to said end surface (13). The invention is characterized in that the buffer includes a so-called central part (6a) which is located between said end surface (13) and a so-called peripheral part (14) which is located transversely beyond said end surface (13), elastic return means (15) connecting said peripheral part (14) to the support (4).

Description

Outil pour le surfacage d'une surface optique Tool for surfacing an optical surface
L'invention a trait au surfacage des surfaces optiques.The invention relates to the surfacing of optical surfaces.
Par surfacage, on entend toute opération visant à modifier l'état de surface d'une surface optique préalablement façonnée. Il s'agit notamment d'opérations de polissage, doucissage ou dépolissage visant à modifier (diminuer ou augmenter) la rugosité de la surface optique et/ou à en diminuer l'ondulation.By surfacing is meant any operation aimed at modifying the surface state of a previously shaped optical surface. These are in particular polishing, smoothing or frosting operations aimed at modifying (decreasing or increasing) the roughness of the optical surface and / or at reducing the ripple thereof.
L'invention concerne un outil de surfacage d'une surface optique, qui comporte un support rigide présentant une surface transversale d'extrémité, une interface élastiquement compressible qui est appliquée contre et recouvre ladite surface d'extrémité, ainsi qu'un tampon souple apte à être appliqué contre la surface optique et qui est appliqué contre et recouvre au moins en partie l'interface à l'opposé et au droit de ladite surface d'extrémité.The invention relates to a tool for resurfacing an optical surface, which comprises a rigid support having a transverse end surface, an elastically compressible interface which is applied against and covers said end surface, as well as a flexible pad capable of to be applied against the optical surface and which is applied against and at least partially covers the interface opposite and to the right of said end surface.
Pour diminuer la rugosité de la surface optique, on amène l'outil au contact de celle-ci en maintenant sur elle une pression suffisante de l'outil pour que, par déformation de l'interface, le tampon épouse la forme de la surface optique.To reduce the roughness of the optical surface, the tool is brought into contact with the latter while maintaining on it sufficient pressure of the tool so that, by deformation of the interface, the pad matches the shape of the optical surface .
Tout en arrosant la surface optique au moyen d'un fluide, on l'entraîne en rotation par rapport à l'outil (ou réciproquement) et on la balaye au moyen de ce dernier. Généralement, on entraîne en rotation la surface optique, son frottement contre l'outil étant suffisant pour entraîner conjointement celui-ci en rotation.While spraying the optical surface with a fluid, it is rotated relative to the tool (or vice versa) and it is swept by means of the latter. Generally, the optical surface is rotated, its friction against the tool being sufficient to jointly drive the latter in rotation.
L'opération de surfacage nécessite un abrasif qui peut être contenu dans le tampon ou dans le fluide.The surfacing operation requires an abrasive which may be contained in the pad or in the fluid.
Au cours du surfacage, l'interface, élastiquement compressible, permet de compenser la différence de courbure entre la surface d'extrémité du support de l'outil et la surface optique, de sorte qu'un même outil est adapté à une gamme de surfaces optiques de courbures et de formes différentes.During resurfacing, the elastically compressible interface makes it possible to compensate for the difference in curvature between the end surface of the tool support and the optical surface, so that the same tool is suitable for a range of surfaces. optics with different curvatures and shapes.
Lorsque l'étendue transversale de l'outil est comparable à l'étendue de la surface optique, ce qui est généralement le cas pour le surfacage des lentilles ophtalmiques, la gamme de surfaces optiques qu'un même outil est capable de surfacer est relativement restreinte. Ainsi, ce type d'outil est particulièrement mal adapté au surfacage de surfaces optiques de formes complexes, dites "freeform" en anglais, notamment asphériques, qui présentent par définition une courbure non uniforme.When the transverse extent of the tool is comparable to the extent of the optical surface, which is generally the case for surfacing ophthalmic lenses, the range of optical surfaces that the same tool is capable of surfacing is relatively limited. . Thus, this type of tool is particularly ill-suited to surfacing optical surfaces of complex shapes, called "freeform" in English, in particular aspherical, which by definition have a non-uniform curvature.
En outre, ce type d'outil est également mal adapté aux surfaces optiques présentant par rapport à l'outil un écart de convexité ou de concavité trop prononcé : dans le premier cas, les bords de l'outil perdent le contact avec la surface optique ; dans le deuxième cas, c'est la partie centrale de l'outil qui perd le contact avec la surface optique, d'où un surfacage incomplet.In addition, this type of tool is also ill-suited to optical surfaces which have a too pronounced deviation from convexity or concavity with respect to the tool: in the first case, the edges of the tool lose contact with the optical surface ; in the second case, it is the central part of the tool which loses contact with the optical surface, resulting in incomplete planing.
Pour augmenter l'étendue de la gamme de surfaces optiques qu'un même outil est capable de surfacer, deux options sont possibles.To increase the extent of the range of optical surfaces that a single tool is capable of surfacing, two options are possible.
Une première consiste à diminuer le diamètre de l'outil, c'est-à-dire sa dimension transversale globale, de sorte à restreindre et localiser la partie de la surface optique au contact de l'outil. Sur une telle partie localisée en effet, le contact de l'outil avec la surface reste plus homogène qu'en considérant cette surface optique prise dans son ensemble.A first consists in reducing the diameter of the tool, that is to say its overall transverse dimension, so as to restrict and locate the part of the optical surface in contact with the tool. On such a localized part, in fact, the contact of the tool with the surface remains more homogeneous than when considering this optical surface taken as a whole.
Toutefois, cette restriction du diamètre de l'outil s'accompagne d'une diminution de sa "portance" ou "assise" et, par conséquent, de sa stabilité sur la surface optique au cours du surfacage.However, this restriction in the diameter of the tool is accompanied by a reduction in its "lift" or "seat" and, consequently, in its stability on the optical surface during surfacing.
Il est alors nécessaire de contrôler, et donc d'asservir, l'orientation de l'outil pour qu'elle soit optimale à chaque instant, c'est-à-dire pour que l'axe de rotation de l'outil soit colinéaire ou sensiblement colinéaire à la normale à la surface optique au point d'intersection dudit axe avec la surface optique.It is then necessary to control, and therefore to control, the orientation of the tool so that it is optimal at all times, that is to say so that the axis of rotation of the tool is collinear. or substantially collinear with the normal to the optical surface at the point of intersection of said axis with the optical surface.
Or un tel asservissement requiert l'emploi de moyens complexes tels qu'une machine à commande numérique, dont le coût est généralement élevé et peut même s'avérer prohibitif pour une opération de surfacage.However, such a control requires the use of complex means such as a numerically controlled machine, the cost of which is generally high and may even prove prohibitive for a surfacing operation.
Une deuxième option consiste, en conservant le diamètre de l'outil, à assouplir l'interface, soit en augmentant son épaisseur, soit en diminuant son élasticité.A second option consists, by keeping the diameter of the tool, to soften the interface, either by increasing its thickness, or by reducing its elasticity.
Mais cette dernière a alors tendance, sous l'effet des efforts de cisaillement, à se vriller ou à se décaler latéralement, au détriment de l'efficacité et de la précision de l'outil. En outre, le cisaillement provoque une usure rapide, voire une destruction, de l'interface. Enfin, la souplesse de l'interface favorise et accentue les effets de raclement du tampon contre la tranche de la lentille, pour finalement risquer d'aboutir à une destruction prématurée et/ou intempestive de l'outil.But the latter then tends, under the effect of shearing forces, to twist or shift laterally, to the detriment of the efficiency and precision of the tool. In addition, shearing causes rapid wear, or even destruction, of the interface. Finally, the flexibility of the interface promotes and accentuates the effects of scraping the pad against the edge of the lens, to in the end there is a risk of leading to premature and / or untimely destruction of the tool.
Compte tenu de ce qui précède, les fabricants de surfaces optiques, et notamment les fabricants de lentilles ophtalmiques, se résignent à employer un grand nombre d'outils, de tailles et de courbures différentes, afin de couvrir l'étendue de leur gamme de surfaces optiques.In view of the above, manufacturers of optical surfaces, and in particular manufacturers of ophthalmic lenses, are resigned to using a large number of tools, of different sizes and curvatures, in order to cover the extent of their range of surfaces. optics.
L'invention vise notamment à résoudre les inconvénients précités en proposant un outil de surfacage qui, tout en étant adapté à une gamme de surfaces optiques suffisamment vaste, en termes de courbures (convexité, concavité) et de formes (sphériques, toriques, asphériques, progressives ou toute combinaison de celles-ci, ou plus généralement "freeform"), présente une bonne stabilité lors du surfacage, et permette un surfacage à la fois sûr, rapide et de bonne qualité tout en étant de coût réduit.The invention aims in particular to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a surfacing tool which, while being adapted to a sufficiently wide range of optical surfaces, in terms of curvatures (convexity, concavity) and shapes (spherical, toric, aspherical, progressive or any combination thereof, or more generally "freeform"), has good stability during surfacing, and allows surfacing that is both safe, rapid and of good quality while being of reduced cost.
A cet effet, l'invention propose un outil de surfacage d'une surface optique, qui comporte un support rigide présentant une surface transversale d'extrémité, une interface élastiquement compressible qui est appliquée contre et recouvre ladite surface d'extrémité, ainsi qu'un tampon souple apte à être appliqué contre la surface optique et qui est appliqué contre et recouvre au moins en partie l'interface à l'opposé et au droit de ladite surface d'extrémité, le tampon comportant une partie dite centrale qui se trouve au droit de la surface d'extrémité, et une partie périphérique qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de ladite surface d'extrémité, des moyens de rappel élastique raccordant cette partie périphérique au support.To this end, the invention provides a tool for surfacing an optical surface, which comprises a rigid support having a transverse end surface, an elastically compressible interface which is applied against and covers said end surface, as well as a flexible pad capable of being applied against the optical surface and which is applied against and at least partially covers the interface opposite and in line with said end surface, the pad comprising a so-called central part which is located at the right of the end surface, and a peripheral part which lies transversely beyond said end surface, elastic return means connecting this peripheral part to the support.
La combinaison de la partie périphérique du tampon et des moyens de rappel forme un moyen de stabilisation de l'outil lors du surfacage, qui est réalisé pour l'essentiel au droit de la surface d'extrémité du support.The combination of the peripheral part of the tampon and the return means forms a means for stabilizing the tool during surfacing, which is essentially carried out in line with the end surface of the support.
Il est ainsi possible de polir une surface optique dont l'étendue est bien supérieure à la dimension transversale du support sans pour autant que se pose le problème de la stabilité de l'outil. II est alors possible d'employer un même outil pour une gamme relativement large de surfaces optiques à surfacer.It is thus possible to polish an optical surface the extent of which is much greater than the transverse dimension of the support without however raising the problem of the stability of the tool. It is then possible to use the same tool for a relatively wide range of optical surfaces to be surfaced.
En particulier, un même outil est adapté à surfacer des surfaces dont la convexité - ou la concavité - présente par rapport à celle de l'outil un écart relativement prononcé, de même qu'il est particulièrement adapté à surfacer des surfaces de forme complexe, notamment toro-progressives.In particular, the same tool is suitable for surfacing surfaces whose convexity - or concavity - has a deviation from that of the tool. relatively pronounced, just as it is particularly suitable for surfacing surfaces of complex shape, in particular toro-progressive.
Il est ainsi possible de couvrir l'ensemble d'une gamme donnée de lentilles avec une variété d'outils (en courbure, concavité, convexité) et, partant, un parc outils restreints au bénéfice des coûts, notamment logistiques.It is thus possible to cover the whole of a given range of lenses with a variety of tools (curvature, concavity, convexity) and, consequently, a limited tool fleet for the benefit of costs, in particular logistics.
Divers modes de réalisation correspondent à l'invention qui vient d'être définie.Various embodiments correspond to the invention which has just been defined.
Ainsi, suivant un mode préféré, le tampon est monobloc, ses parties centrale et périphérique formant une seule et même pièce, au bénéfice de la simplicité de réalisation.Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the tampon is in one piece, its central and peripheral parts forming a single piece, for the benefit of the simplicity of construction.
Par exemple, le tampon comporte une pluralité de pétales saillant transversalement de sa partie centrale, ce qui correspond à la forme habituelle sous laquelle sont réalisés les tampons de surfacage.For example, the pad has a plurality of petals projecting transversely from its central part, which corresponds to the usual form in which the surfacing pads are made.
En variante, la partie périphérique se présente sous la forme d'une couronne entourant la partie centrale, de sorte que lorsque le tampon est monobloc, il se présente, en l'absence de contrainte, sous la forme d'un disque.Alternatively, the peripheral part is in the form of a crown surrounding the central part, so that when the tampon is in one piece, it is, in the absence of stress, in the form of a disc.
Par ailleurs, l'interface peut également comporter une partie centrale qui se trouve au droit de la surface d'extrémité du support, et une partie périphérique, qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de cette surface d'extrémité, et qui est interposée entre la partie périphérique du tampon et les moyens de rappel.Furthermore, the interface may also include a central part which is located in line with the end surface of the support, and a peripheral part, which lies transversely beyond this end surface, and which is interposed between the peripheral part of the tampon and the return means.
Il en résulte une plus grande souplesse de l'ensemble.This results in greater flexibility of the assembly.
La partie périphérique de l'interface se présente par exemple, en l'absence de contrainte, sous la forme d'une couronne entourant sa partie centrale.The peripheral part of the interface is, for example, in the absence of constraint, in the form of a crown surrounding its central part.
Par ailleurs, l'outil peut comprendre un anneau déformable entourant transversalement le support et interposé entre la partie périphérique de l'interface et les moyens de rappel.Furthermore, the tool may include a deformable ring transversely surrounding the support and interposed between the peripheral part of the interface and the return means.
L'on a constaté que cette disposition permettait d'accroître la régularité du surfacage.It has been found that this provision makes it possible to increase the regularity of the facing.
Afin d'optimiser encore cette régularité de surfacage, l'anneau sera choisi, de préférence, à section longitudinale circulaire. Par ailleurs, selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'interface est monobloc, ses parties centrale et périphérique formant une seule et même pièce, au bénéfice de la simplicité de réalisation.In order to further optimize this regularity of surfacing, the ring will preferably be chosen with a circular longitudinal section. Furthermore, according to a particular embodiment, the interface is in one piece, its central and peripheral parts forming a single piece, for the benefit of the simplicity of construction.
Ainsi, l'interface se présente par exemple, en l'absence de contrainte, sous la forme d'un disque.Thus, the interface appears for example, in the absence of constraint, in the form of a disk.
Pour ce qui concerne les moyens de rappel, ils comprennent par exemple une lamelle élastiquement flexible saillant transversalement du support, et raccordée au support par une première extrémité, et à la partie périphérique du tampon par une deuxième extrémité. De préférence, cette lamelle est rigidement ancrée dans le support par sa première extrémité, au bénéfice d'une bonne stabilité de l'outil.As regards the return means, they comprise for example an elastically flexible strip projecting transversely from the support, and connected to the support by a first end, and to the peripheral part of the pad by a second end. Preferably, this strip is rigidly anchored in the support by its first end, for the benefit of good stability of the tool.
Suivant un mode particulier de réalisation, les moyens de rappel comprennent une pièce étoilée fixée au support et munie de branches formant chacune une lamelle élastiquement flexible. L'utilisation d'une telle pièce, qui, du reste, est de réalisation relativement simple, permet d'obtenir une bonne régularité dans le rappel de la partie périphérique du tampon lors du surfacage.According to a particular embodiment, the return means comprise a star piece fixed to the support and provided with branches each forming an elastically flexible strip. The use of such a part, which, moreover, is relatively simple to produce, makes it possible to obtain good regularity in the recall of the peripheral part of the tampon during surfacing.
En ce qui concerne le montage de cette pièce étoilée, le support comprend par exemple deux mors fixés l'un à l'autre, la pièce étoilée comportant une partie centrale pincée entre les deux mors et dont saillent ses branches.As regards the mounting of this star-shaped part, the support comprises for example two jaws fixed to one another, the star-shaped part comprising a central part pinched between the two jaws and from which its branches project.
De préférence, lorsque le tampon est monobloc et comprend, en guise de partie périphérique, une pluralité de pétales, tel que précédemment mentionné dans l'un des modes de réalisation exposés, chaque branche de la pièce étoilée est positionnée au droit d'un pétale. Par exemple, les pétales et les branches sont, respectivement, au nombre de sept, ce qui est suffisant pour assurer un surfacage à la fois rapide et de bonne qualité.Preferably, when the pad is in one piece and comprises, as a peripheral part, a plurality of petals, as previously mentioned in one of the embodiments exposed, each branch of the star-shaped piece is positioned in line with a petal . For example, there are seven petals and branches, respectively, which is sufficient to ensure both fast and good quality surfacing.
Quant à la surface d'extrémité, elle peut être plane, concave ou convexe, ce qui permet, avec un nombre restreint d'outils, de surfacer un grand nombre de surfaces optiques.As for the end surface, it can be flat, concave or convex, which allows, with a limited number of tools, to surface a large number of optical surfaces.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lumière de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear in the light of the following description of an embodiment given as non-limiting example, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'un outil conforme à l'invention et d'une lentille ophtalmique présentant une surface optique à surfacer ;- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a tool according to the invention and an ophthalmic lens having an optical surface to be surfaced;
- la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'outil de la figure 1 représenté assemblé, au cours du surfacage de la surface optique de la lentille de la figure 1 ; pour illustrer le mouvement de l'outil par rapport à la lentille au cours du surfacage, on a représenté l'outil dans trois positions, dont deux sont matérialisées en traits mixtes ;- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the tool of Figure 1 shown assembled, during surfacing of the optical surface of the lens of Figure 1; to illustrate the movement of the tool relative to the lens during surfacing, the tool has been represented in three positions, two of which are shown in phantom;
- la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe de l'outil et de la lentille de la figure 2, suivant le plan de coupe lll-lll ;- Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of the tool and the lens of Figure 2, along the cutting plane III-III;
- la figure 4 est une vue d'élévation en coupe de l'outil de la figure 3 représenté seul, au repos ; la représentation en traits interrompus des moyens de rappel élastiques illustre la déformation de ces derniers au cours du surfacage ;- Figure 4 is a sectional elevation view of the tool of Figure 3 shown alone, at rest; the representation in broken lines of the elastic return means illustrates the deformation of the latter during surfacing;
- la figure 5 est une vue analogue à la figure 4, suivant une première variante de réalisation ;- Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, according to a first embodiment;
- la figure 6 est une vue analogue aux figures 4 et 5, suivant une deuxième variante de réalisation ;- Figure 6 is a view similar to Figures 4 and 5, according to a second alternative embodiment;
- la figure 7 est une vue schématique de dessus représentant une lentille ophtalmique en cours de surfacage au moyen d'un outil conforme à l'invention, l'outil étant représenté au cours du balayage de la surface optique dans deux positions dont l'une est illustrée en traits interrompus.- Figure 7 is a schematic top view showing an ophthalmic lens during surfacing using a tool according to the invention, the tool being shown during the scanning of the optical surface in two positions, one of which is illustrated in broken lines.
Sur la figure 1 est représenté un outil 1 pour le surfacage d'une surface optique 2, en l'occurrence l'une des faces d'une lentille ophtalmique 3. Sur la figure 1 , de même que sur les figures 2 et 3, la surface optique 2 concernée est représentée concave, mais elle pourrait tout aussi bien être convexe. L'outil 1 est formé d'un empilement d'au moins trois parties, à savoir une partie rigide 4, une partie élastiquement compressible 5, et une partie souple 6, qui, dans ce qui va suivre, seront appelées respectivement support, interface et tampon. Tel qu'il apparaît notamment sur la figure 1 , le support 4 comporte deux mors, à savoir un mors inférieur 7 et un mors supérieur 8 adaptés à être superposés en étant emboîtés l'un dans l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'un pion 9 saillant de l'une 10 des faces du mors supérieur 8, propre à venir se loger dans un trou 11 complémentaire ménagé, en regard, dans une face 12 du mors inférieur 7.FIG. 1 shows a tool 1 for surfacing an optical surface 2, in this case one of the faces of an ophthalmic lens 3. In FIG. 1, as in FIGS. 2 and 3, the optical surface 2 concerned is shown to be concave, but it could just as easily be convex. The tool 1 is formed by a stack of at least three parts, namely a rigid part 4, an elastically compressible part 5, and a flexible part 6, which, in what follows, will be called respectively support, interface and buffer. As it appears in particular in FIG. 1, the support 4 comprises two jaws, namely a lower jaw 7 and an upper jaw 8 adapted to be superimposed by being nested one inside the other by means of a pin 9 projecting from one of the faces of the upper jaw 8, suitable for being housed in a complementary hole 11 arranged, opposite, in a face 12 of the lower jaw 7.
Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1 , le support 4 est globalement cylindrique à symétrie de révolution et présente un axe de symétrie noté X, qui définit une direction dite longitudinale. L'on note n la normale à la surface optique 2 au point d'intersection de l'axe de symétrie X de l'outil 1 avec cette dernière.As can be seen in Figure 1, the support 4 is generally cylindrical with symmetry of revolution and has an axis of symmetry denoted X, which defines a so-called longitudinal direction. We denote by n the normal to the optical surface 2 at the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry X of the tool 1 with the latter.
A l'opposé de sa face 12 dans laquelle est pratiqué le trou 11 , le mors inférieur 7 présente une surface d'extrémité 13 étendue sensiblement transversalement, contre laquelle est appliquée, en la recouvrant, l'interface 5. Le tampon 6 est quant à lui appliqué contre l'interface 5 de l'autre côté de celle-ci par rapport au support 4.Opposite its face 12 in which the hole 11 is made, the lower jaw 7 has an end surface 13 extended substantially transversely, against which the interface 5 is applied, by covering it. The pad 6 is to him applied against the interface 5 on the other side of it relative to the support 4.
Plus précisément, le tampon 6 recouvre au moins en partie l'interface 5 à l'opposé et au droit de la surface d'extrémité 13.More specifically, the buffer 6 at least partially covers the interface 5 opposite and in line with the end surface 13.
Le frottement du tampon 6 contre la surface optique 2 permettra, au moyen d'un abrasif contenu dans le fluide d'arrosage ou incorporé dans le tampon 6 lui-même, d'assurer un enlèvement superficiel de matière sur la surface optique 2 en vue de modifier l'état de surface, comme nous le verrons par la suite.The friction of the pad 6 against the optical surface 2 will, by means of an abrasive contained in the spray fluid or incorporated in the pad 6 itself, ensure a surface removal of material on the optical surface 2 in view to modify the surface texture, as we will see later.
Suivant l'invention, le tampon comporte, d'une part une partie centrale 6a qui se trouve au droit de la surface d'extrémité 13, et une partie périphérique 14 qui se trouve, transversalement, au-delà de la surface d'extrémité 13.According to the invention, the tampon comprises, on the one hand a central part 6a which is located in line with the end surface 13, and a peripheral part 14 which is located, transversely, beyond the end surface 13.
Cette partie périphérique 14 est raccordée au support 4 par l'intermédiaire de moyens 15 de rappel élastique.This peripheral part 14 is connected to the support 4 by means of elastic return means 15.
La partie périphérique 14 s'étend dans le prolongement de la partie centrale 6a en étant, au repos, sensiblement coplanaire avec elle.The peripheral part 14 extends in the extension of the central part 6a while being, at rest, substantially coplanar with it.
Suivant un mode de réalisation préféré, illustré sur les figures 1 à 6, le tampon 6 est monobloc, la partie périphérique 14 étant raccordée à la partie centrale 6a, de sorte qu'elles ne forment en fait qu'une seule et même pièce. Suivant un mode préféré de réalisation représenté en traits forts sur la figure 1 , le tampon 6 se présente sous la forme d'une fleur, et comporte ainsi une pluralité de pétales 14b qui, saillant transversalement de la partie centraleAccording to a preferred embodiment, illustrated in Figures 1 to 6, the pad 6 is in one piece, the peripheral part 14 being connected to the central part 6a, so that they in fact form only one and the same part. According to a preferred embodiment shown in strong lines in Figure 1, the pad 6 is in the form of a flower, and thus comprises a plurality of petals 14b which, projecting transversely from the central part
6a, forment la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6 et s'étendent chacun transversalement au-delà de la surface d'extrémité 13.6a, form the peripheral part 14 of the pad 6 and each extend transversely beyond the end surface 13.
Suivant une variante représentée en traits mixtes sur la figure 1 , la partie périphérique 14 se présente sous la forme d'une couronne 14a qui entoure la partie centrale 6a.According to a variant shown in phantom in Figure 1, the peripheral part 14 is in the form of a ring 14a which surrounds the central part 6a.
Dans ce cas, en l'absence de contrainte, le tampon 6 se présente, lorsqu'il est monobloc, sous la forme d'un disque de matière dont l'épaisseur est faible devant son diamètre, tel que représenté sur la figure 1 , la partie périphérique 14, 14a formant ainsi une collerette par rapport à la surface d'extrémité 13.In this case, in the absence of constraint, the buffer 6 is, when it is in one piece, in the form of a disc of material whose thickness is small compared to its diameter, as shown in FIG. 1, the peripheral part 14, 14a thus forming a collar relative to the end surface 13.
Les moyens de rappel 15, qui seront décrits ultérieurement, peuvent être interposés directement entre le support 4 et la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6, c'est-à-dire, en pratique, la collerette 14a ou les pétales 14b.The return means 15, which will be described later, can be interposed directly between the support 4 and the peripheral part 14 of the pad 6, that is to say, in practice, the flange 14a or the petals 14b.
Toutefois, selon un mode préféré de réalisation illustré sur les figures, l'interface 5 comporte non seulement une partie centrale 5a qui se trouve au droit de la surface d'extrémité 13, mais également une partie périphérique 16 qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de la surface d'extrémité 13. Cette partie périphérique 16 se trouve dans le prolongement de la partie centrale 5a, et se présente par exemple, en l'absence de contrainte, sous la forme d'une couronne qui entoure la partie centrale 5a, et qui est en fait interposée entre la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6 et les moyens de rappel 15. Tel qu'il apparaît sur les figures 1 à 6, l'interface 5 est monobloc, ses parties centrale 5a et périphérique 16 étant en fait raccordées pour former ensemble une seule et même pièce, la partie périphérique 16 formant une collerette par rapport à la surface d'extrémité 13.However, according to a preferred embodiment illustrated in the figures, the interface 5 comprises not only a central part 5a which is located in line with the end surface 13, but also a peripheral part 16 which is located transversely beyond of the end surface 13. This peripheral part 16 is in the extension of the central part 5a, and is for example, in the absence of stress, in the form of a crown which surrounds the central part 5a, and which is in fact interposed between the peripheral part 14 of the buffer 6 and the return means 15. As it appears in FIGS. 1 to 6, the interface 5 is in one piece, its central parts 5a and peripheral 16 being in fact connected together to form a single piece, the peripheral part 16 forming a flange relative to the end surface 13.
Ainsi, en l'absence de contrainte, l'interface 5 monobloc se présente par exemple sous la forme d'un disque de matière dont l'épaisseur est faible devant sa dimension transversale (c'est-à-dire son diamètre).Thus, in the absence of constraint, the one-piece interface 5 is for example in the form of a disc of material whose thickness is small compared to its transverse dimension (that is to say its diameter).
Lorsque l'interface 5 et le tampon 6 sont tous deux monoblocs, ils présentent des dimensions transversales comparables. En particulier, lorsqu'ils se présentent chacun sous la forme d'un disque de matière, on les choisira de préférence, par commodité constructive, de même diamètre. Mais on pourra également prévoir d'utiliser un tampon de diamètre différent de celui de l'interface, en particulier de diamètre supérieur afin d'atténuer les effets de bord de l'outil sur la surface travaillée.When the interface 5 and the buffer 6 are both in one piece, they have comparable transverse dimensions. In particular, when are each in the form of a disc of material, they will preferably be chosen, for constructive convenience, of the same diameter. However, provision may also be made to use a pad of diameter different from that of the interface, in particular of a larger diameter in order to reduce the edge effects of the tool on the worked surface.
En outre, pour des raisons qui apparaîtront par la suite, il est prévu, suivant un mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 1 à 6, un anneau déformable 17 interposé entre la partie périphérique 16 de l'interface 5 et les moyens de rappel 15. En pratique, cet anneau 17 est fixé sur la partie périphérique 16 de l'autre côté de celle-ci par rapport au tampon 6, c'est-à-dire du même côté que le support 4, et de telle sorte que celui-ci est entouré par l'anneau 17.In addition, for reasons which will appear later, there is provided, according to an embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 6, a deformable ring 17 interposed between the peripheral part 16 of the interface 5 and the return means 15 In practice, this ring 17 is fixed on the peripheral part 16 on the other side of the latter relative to the pad 6, that is to say on the same side as the support 4, and so that that -this is surrounded by ring 17.
De préférence, cet anneau 17 est à section longitudinale circulaire, mais il pourrait également être à section de forme plus complexe, notamment oblongue, polygonale, rectangulaire ou carrée. Par ailleurs, il est disposé sur la partie périphérique 16 de manière concentrique avec le support 4. L'on décrit à présent les moyens de rappel 15.Preferably, this ring 17 is of circular longitudinal section, but it could also be of more complex shape, in particular oblong, polygonal, rectangular or square. Furthermore, it is disposed on the peripheral part 16 concentrically with the support 4. The return means 15 are now described.
Ceux-ci comprennent au moins une lamelle élastiquement flexible 18 qui saille transversalement du support 4 et qui est raccordée, d'une part, rigidement, au support 4 par une première extrémité 18a et, d'autre part, à la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6 par une deuxième extrémité 18b, dite extrémité libre, opposée à la première 18a.These comprise at least one elastically flexible strip 18 which projects transversely from the support 4 and which is connected, on the one hand, rigidly, to the support 4 by a first end 18a and, on the other hand, to the peripheral part 14 of the buffer 6 by a second end 18b, called the free end, opposite the first 18a.
De la sorte, sous l'effet d'une force exercée longitudinalement sur la partie périphérique 14 au droit de cette lamelle 18, celle-ci se déforme en exerçant sur la partie périphérique 14 une réaction opposée à ladite force.In this way, under the effect of a force exerted longitudinally on the peripheral part 14 in line with this strip 18, it deforms by exerting on the peripheral part 14 a reaction opposite to said force.
En pratique, les moyens de rappel 15 comportent une pluralité de telles lamelles 18, réparties de manière uniforme à la périphérie du support 4, pour agir sur la totalité de la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6.In practice, the return means 15 comprise a plurality of such strips 18, distributed uniformly around the periphery of the support 4, to act on the whole of the peripheral part 14 of the pad 6.
Suivant un mode de réalisation illustré notamment sur les figures 1 et 2, les moyens de rappel 15 se présentent en fait sous la forme d'une pièce étoilée 19 rigidement fixée au support 4. Cette pièce étoilée 19 comporte une partie centrale 20 dont saillent une pluralité de branches 18 formant chacune une lamelle élastiquement flexible étendue radialement dans un plan transversal.According to an embodiment illustrated in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, the return means 15 are in fact in the form of a star piece 19 rigidly fixed to the support 4. This star-shaped part 19 comprises a central part 20 of which project a plurality of branches 18 each forming an elastically flexible strip extended radially in a transverse plane.
Pour la fixation de la pièce étoilée 19 au support 4, sa partie centrale 20 est, en pratique, pincée entre les mors 7, 8 du support 4, son centrage étant assuré au moyen d'un trou 21 traversant pratiqué en son centre, traversé par le pion 9 du mors supérieur 8, l'ensemble étant maintenu à l'aide de moyens de fixation telles que des vis qui, traversant le mors supérieur 8 et la partie centrale 20 de la pièce étoilée 19, viennent se prendre dans le mors inférieur 7. Lorsque, conformément à un mode de réalisation précédemment décrit, le tampon 6 monobloc comporte une pluralité de pétales 14b, il est prévu sur la pièce étoilée 19 autant de branches 18 que de pétales 14b, la pièce étoilée 19 étant orientée pour que chaque branche 18 s'étende au droit d'un pétale 14b. Ainsi, lorsque le tampon 6 comporte sept pétales 14b, la pièce étoilée 19 comporte, quant à elle, sept branches 18 propres à assurer chacune le rappel élastique d'un pétale 14b.For fixing the star piece 19 to the support 4, its central part 20 is, in practice, clamped between the jaws 7, 8 of the support 4, its centering being ensured by means of a through hole 21 made in its center, crossed by the pin 9 of the upper jaw 8, the assembly being held in place by means of fixing means such as screws which, passing through the upper jaw 8 and the central part 20 of the star piece 19, come to be caught in the jaw lower 7. When, in accordance with an embodiment previously described, the one-piece buffer 6 comprises a plurality of petals 14b, there are provided on the star-shaped part 19 as many branches 18 as there are petals 14b, the star-shaped part 19 being oriented so that each branch 18 extends to the right of a petal 14b. Thus, when the pad 6 has seven petals 14b, the star piece 19 has, in turn, seven branches 18 adapted to each ensure the elastic return of a petal 14b.
Bien que plusieurs modes de réalisation soient prévus, comme nous l'avons vu ci-dessus, l'on a constaté que l'outil 1 correspondant au mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 1 à 6 permettait un surfacage particulièrement satisfaisant.Although several embodiments are provided, as we have seen above, it has been found that the tool 1 corresponding to the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 allowed a particularly satisfactory surfacing.
Suivant ce mode de réalisation, le tampon 6 et l'interface 5 sont tous deux des pièces monoblocs, l'interface 5 se présentant sous la forme d'un disque de matière, le tampon 6 se présentant sous la forme d'une fleur, tandis que les moyens de rappel 15 se présentent sous la forme d'une pièce étoilée 19 telle que précédemment décrite, et qu'entre les extrémités libres 18b de ses branches 18 et l'interface 5 est interposé un anneau déformable 17 à section circulaire.According to this embodiment, the pad 6 and the interface 5 are both one-piece parts, the interface 5 being in the form of a disc of material, the pad 6 being in the form of a flower, while the return means 15 are in the form of a star piece 19 as previously described, and that between the free ends 18b of its branches 18 and the interface 5 is interposed a deformable ring 17 of circular section.
L'anneau 17 est fixé à l'interface 5 et aux extrémités libres 18b des branches 18, cette fixation pouvant être assurée par tout moyen, le collage étant toutefois préféré, notamment pour sa simplicité. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les diamètres de l'interface 5, du tampon 6, de la pièce étoilée 19, ont une valeur au moins double de celle du diamètre du support 4. Par ailleurs, lorsqu'il s'agit de surfacer une lentille ophtalmique, les diamètres de l'interface 5 et du tampon 6 sont choisis sensiblement égaux au diamètre de la lentille 3, de sorte que le diamètre du support 4 est bien inférieur au diamètre de la lentille 3. L'utilisation de l'outil 1 est illustrée sur les figures 2 et 3.The ring 17 is fixed to the interface 5 and to the free ends 18b of the branches 18, this fixing being able to be ensured by any means, bonding being however preferred, in particular for its simplicity. In the embodiment shown, the diameters of the interface 5, of the buffer 6, of the star piece 19, have a value at least twice that of the diameter of the support 4. Furthermore, when it is a question of facing an ophthalmic lens, the diameters of the interface 5 and of the pad 6 are chosen to be substantially equal to the diameter of the lens 3, so that the diameter of the support 4 is much less than the diameter of lens 3. The use of tool 1 is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Il s'agit en l'occurrence du surfacage ou du doucissage d'une face convexe 2 asphérique d'une lentille ophtalmique.This is the surfacing or smoothing of an aspherical convex face 2 of an ophthalmic lens.
La lentille 3 est montée sur un support rotatif (non représenté) au moyen duquel elle est entraînée en rotation autour d'un axe fixe Y. L'outil 1 est appliqué contre cette face 2 avec une force suffisante pour que le tampon 6 épouse sa forme. L'outil 1 est ici, quant à lui, libre en rotation en étant toutefois décentré par rapport à la surface optique 2. Un entraînement forcé en rotation de l'outil, par des moyens propres, peut toutefois être prévu.The lens 3 is mounted on a rotary support (not shown) by means of which it is rotated about a fixed axis Y. The tool 1 is applied against this face 2 with sufficient force so that the pad 6 marries its form. The tool 1 is here, for its part, free to rotate, however being off-center with respect to the optical surface 2. A forced drive in rotation of the tool, by its own means, may however be provided.
Le frottement relatif de la surface optique 2 et du tampon 6 suffit à entraîner en rotation l'outil 1 dans le même sens que celui de la lentille 3, autour d'un axe sensiblement confondu avec l'axe X de symétrie du support 4.The relative friction of the optical surface 2 and of the buffer 6 is sufficient to cause the tool 1 to rotate in the same direction as that of the lens 3, around an axis substantially coincident with the axis X of symmetry of the support 4.
L'on arrose la surface optique 2 avec un fluide d'arrosage non abrasif ou abrasif, selon que le tampon exerce ou non par lui-même cette fonction.The optical surface 2 is sprayed with a non-abrasive or abrasive coolant, depending on whether or not the pad performs this function by itself.
Afin de balayer la totalité de la surface optique 2, l'outil 1 est déplacé au cours du surfacage suivant une trajectoire radiale, le point d'intersection de l'axe de rotation X de l'outil 1 avec la surface optique 2 effectuant un mouvement de va et vient entre deux points de rebroussement, à savoir un point de rebroussement extérieur A et un point de rebroussement intérieur B situés tous deux à distance de l'axe de rotation Y de la lentille 3. La partie centrale 6a du tampon 6 se déforme en épousant la forme de la surface optique 2 grâce à la compressibilité de la partie centrale 5a de l'interface 5.In order to scan the entire optical surface 2, the tool 1 is displaced during surfacing along a radial trajectory, the point of intersection of the axis of rotation X of the tool 1 with the optical surface 2 performing a back and forth movement between two turning points, namely an outer turning point A and an inner turning point B both located at a distance from the axis of rotation Y of the lens 3. The central part 6a of the buffer 6 deforms by conforming to the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the compressibility of the central part 5a of the interface 5.
Quant à la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6, elle se déforme en épousant la forme de la surface optique 2 grâce à la déformation des lamelles flexibles 18.As for the peripheral part 14 of the buffer 6, it deforms by following the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the deformation of the flexible strips 18.
Compte tenu de la rigidité du support 4, l'enlèvement de matière a lieu en majorité au droit de la surface d'extrémité 13, c'est-à-dire que cet enlèvement de matière est effectué essentiellement par la partie centrale 6a du tampon 6. Quant aux parties périphériques 14 du tampon 6 et 16 de l'interface 5, elles ont essentiellement un rôle stabilisateur, d'une part grâce à l'accroissement de la portance ou assise de l'outil 1 par rapport à un outil classique dont le tampon et l'interface seraient limités aux parties centrales 5a, 6a et, d'autre part, grâce aux moyens de rappel 15 qui maintiennent un contact permanent entre la partie périphérique 14 du tampon 6 et la surface optique 2.In view of the rigidity of the support 4, the majority of material is removed from the end surface 13, that is to say that this material is removed essentially by the central part 6a of the pad 6. As for the peripheral parts 14 of the buffer 6 and 16 of the interface 5, they essentially have a stabilizing role, on the one hand thanks to the increase in the lift or seat of the tool 1 compared to a conventional tool whose buffer and the interface would be limited to the central parts 5a, 6a and, on the other hand, thanks to the return means 15 which maintain permanent contact between the peripheral part 14 of the buffer 6 and the optical surface 2.
L'anneau déformable 17 permet un lissage de la distribution de contrainte exercée sur le pourtour périphérique de l'interface 5 et, partant, sur le tampon 6 par les lamelles 18. II en résulte que, quelle que soit la localisation de l'outil 1 sur la surface optique 2 et quelle que soit sa vitesse de rotation, son axe de rotation X est en permanence colinéaire ou sensiblement colinéaire à la normale n à la surface optique 2, l'orientation de l'outil 1 étant ainsi optimale à tout instant.The deformable ring 17 allows a smoothing of the distribution of stress exerted on the peripheral periphery of the interface 5 and, consequently, on the pad 6 by the strips 18. As a result, whatever the location of the tool 1 on the optical surface 2 and whatever its speed of rotation, its axis of rotation X is permanently collinear or substantially collinear with normal n to the optical surface 2, the orientation of the tool 1 being thus optimal at all moment.
Selon un mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 3 et 4, la surface d'extrémité 13 du support 4 est plane.According to an embodiment illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, the end surface 13 of the support 4 is planar.
L'outil 1 est ainsi adapté à surfacer une certaine gamme de surfaces optiques 2 de courbures différentes.The tool 1 is thus adapted to surface a certain range of optical surfaces 2 of different curvatures.
Afin de modifier l'adaptabilité de l'outil 1 , il est possible de précontraindre les moyens de rappel 15 en tordant les lamelles flexibles 18 pour qu'elles soient déjà fléchies au repos, dans un sens (figure 5) ou dans l'autre (figure 6).In order to modify the adaptability of the tool 1, it is possible to prestress the return means 15 by twisting the flexible strips 18 so that they are already bent at rest, in one direction (FIG. 5) or in the other. (figure 6).
Lorsqu'au repos les lamelles 18 sont droites (figure 4) ou fléchies à l'opposé de la surface d'extrémité 13 (figure 5), l'outil 1 est destiné aux surfaces optiques 2 concaves, tandis que lorsqu'au repos les lamelles 18 sont fléchies du côté de la surface d'extrémité 13 (figure 6), l'outil 1 est destiné aux surfaces optiques 2 convexes.When at rest the blades 18 are straight (FIG. 4) or bent opposite the end surface 13 (FIG. 5), the tool 1 is intended for the concave optical surfaces 2, while when at rest the lamellae 18 are bent on the side of the end surface 13 (FIG. 6), the tool 1 is intended for the optical surfaces 2 convex.
Par ailleurs, suivant une première variante illustrée sur la figure 5, la surface d'extrémité 13 du support 4 est convexe, l'outil 1 étant ainsi destiné à des surfaces optiques 2 présentant une concavité plus prononcée.Furthermore, according to a first variant illustrated in FIG. 5, the end surface 13 of the support 4 is convex, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 having a more pronounced concavity.
Suivant une deuxième variante de réalisation illustrée sur la figure 6, la surface d'extrémité 13 du support 4 est au contraire concave, l'outil 1 étant ainsi destiné à des surfaces optiques 2 à convexité plus prononcée. Bien entendu, il est possible de combiner la réalisation concave ou convexe de la surface d'extrémité 13 avec la précontrainte des moyens de rappel 15, tel que décrite ci-dessus.According to a second variant embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the end surface 13 of the support 4 is on the contrary concave, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 with more pronounced convexity. Of course, it is possible to combine the concave or convex embodiment of the end surface 13 with the preload of the return means 15, as described above.
Au total, l'emploi de trois outils 1 , tels que représentés sur les figures 4, 5 et 6, c'est-à-dire dont les surfaces d'extrémité 13 sont respectivement plane, convexe et concave, suffit à couvrir une large gamme de surfaces optiques 2 à surfacer, tant convexes que concaves, et de formes variées : sphériques, toriques, asphériques progressives ou toute combinaison de celles-ci, ou plus généralement du type freeform. Suivant une variante de réalisation (non représentée), les moyens de rappel se présentent sous la forme d'un ressort hélicoïdal, ancré par une première extrémité dans le support et fixé par une deuxième extrémité à la partie périphérique du tampon. Ce ressort est par exemple à profil tronconique, et va en s'évasant du support vers ladite partie périphérique. Comme on l'a vu, l'emploi d'un outil 1 tel que précédemment décrit correspond à un procédé classique bien connu de l'homme du métier, de sorte qu'aucune adaptation particulière des machines utilisées habituellement n'est nécessaire. In total, the use of three tools 1, as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, that is to say whose end surfaces 13 are respectively flat, convex and concave, is sufficient to cover a large range of optical surfaces 2 to be surfaced, both convex and concave, and of various shapes: spherical, toric, progressive aspherical or any combination thereof, or more generally of the freeform type. According to an alternative embodiment (not shown), the return means are in the form of a helical spring, anchored by a first end in the support and fixed by a second end to the peripheral part of the tampon. This spring is for example of frustoconical profile, and widens from the support towards said peripheral part. As we have seen, the use of a tool 1 as previously described corresponds to a conventional process well known to those skilled in the art, so that no particular adaptation of the machines usually used is necessary.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Outil de surfacage (1) d'une surface optique (2), qui comporte un support rigide (4) présentant une surface transversale (13) d'extrémité, une interface élastiquement compressible (5) qui est appliquée contre et recouvre ladite surface d'extrémité (13), ainsi qu'un tampon (6) souple apte à être appliqué contre la surface optique (2) et qui est appliqué contre et recouvre au moins en partie l'interface (5) à l'opposé et au droit de ladite surface d'extrémité (13), caractérisé en ce que le tampon comporte une partie dite centrale (6a) qui se trouve au droit de ladite surface d'extrémité (13) et une partie dite périphérique (14) qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de ladite surface d'extrémité (13), des moyens de rappel élastique (15) raccordant cette partie périphérique (14) au support (4).1. Resurfacing tool (1) of an optical surface (2), which comprises a rigid support (4) having a transverse end surface (13), an elastically compressible interface (5) which is applied against and covers said end surface (13), as well as a flexible pad (6) suitable for being applied against the optical surface (2) and which is applied against and at least partially covers the interface (5) opposite and in line with said end surface (13), characterized in that the pad comprises a so-called central part (6a) which is located in line with said end surface (13) and a so-called peripheral part (14) which transversely beyond said end surface (13), elastic return means (15) connecting this peripheral part (14) to the support (4).
2. Outil selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le tampon (6) est monobloc, les parties centrale (6a) et périphérique (14) formant une seule et même pièce (6).2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the buffer (6) is in one piece, the central (6a) and peripheral (14) parts forming a single piece (6).
3. Outil selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le tampon (6) comporte une pluralité de pétales (14b) saillant transversalement de la partie centrale (6a).3. Tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the pad (6) comprises a plurality of petals (14b) projecting transversely from the central part (6a).
4. Outil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite partie périphérique (14) se présente sous la forme d'une couronne (14a) entourant la partie centrale (6a).4. Tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said peripheral part (14) is in the form of a crown (14a) surrounding the central part (6a).
5. Outil selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le tampon (6) est monobloc et se présente, en l'absence de contrainte, sous la forme d'un disque.5. Tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the buffer (6) is in one piece and is, in the absence of stress, in the form of a disc.
6. Outil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'interface (5) comporte une partie centrale (5a) qui se trouve au droit de ladite surface d'extrémité (13) et une partie dite périphérique (16), qui se trouve transversalement au-delà de ladite surface d'extrémité (13) et qui est interposée entre la partie périphérique (14) du tampon (6) et les moyens de rappel (15).6. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interface (5) comprises a central part (5a) which is located in line with said end surface (13) and a so-called peripheral part (16) , which is located transversely beyond said end surface (13) and which is interposed between the peripheral part (14) of the pad (6) and the return means (15).
7. Outil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la partie périphérique (16) de l'interface (5) se présente, en l'absence de contrainte, sous la forme d'une couronne entourant la partie centrale (5a) de l'interface (5).7. Tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the peripheral part (16) of the interface (5) is, in the absence of stress, in the form of a crown surrounding the central part (5a) of the interface (5).
8. Outil selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un anneau déformable (17) entourant transversalement le support (4) et interposé entre la partie périphérique (16) de l'interface (5) et les moyens de rappel (15).8. Tool according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a deformable ring (17) transversely surrounding the support (4) and interposed between the peripheral part (16) of the interface (5) and the return means (15).
9. Outil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau (17) est à section longitudinale circulaire. 9. Tool according to claim 8, characterized in that the ring (17) is of circular longitudinal section.
10. Outil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'interface (5) est monobloc, ses parties centrale (5a) et périphérique (16) formant une seule et même pièce (5).10. Tool according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the interface (5) is in one piece, its central parts (5a) and peripheral (16) forming a single piece (5).
11. Outil selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'interface (5) se présente, en l'absence de contrainte, sous la forme d'un disque. 11. Tool according to claim 10, characterized in that the interface (5) is, in the absence of constraint, in the form of a disc.
12. Outil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de rappel (15) comportent une lamelle (18) élastiquement flexible saillant transversalement du support (4).12. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said return means (15) comprise an elastically flexible strip (18) projecting transversely from the support (4).
13. Outil selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que ladite lamelle (18) est raccordée au support (4) par une première extrémité (18a), et à la partie périphérique (14) du tampon (6) par une deuxième extrémité (18b).13. Tool according to claim 12, characterized in that said strip (18) is connected to the support (4) by a first end (18a), and to the peripheral part (14) of the pad (6) by a second end ( 18b).
14. Outil selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que ladite lamelle (18) est rigidement ancrée dans le support (4) par sa première extrémité (18a).14. Tool according to claim 13, characterized in that said strip (18) is rigidly anchored in the support (4) by its first end (18a).
15. Outil selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de rappel (15) comprennent une pièce étoilée (19) fixée au support (4) et munie de branches (18) formant chacune une lamelle (18) élastiquement flexible.15. Tool according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the return means (15) comprise a star piece (19) fixed to the support (4) and provided with branches (18) each forming a strip (18 ) elastically flexible.
16. Outil selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le support (4) comprend deux mors (7, 8) fixés l'un à l'autre, la pièce étoilée (19) comportant une partie centrale (20) pincée entre les deux mors (7, 8) et dont saillent ses branches (18).16. Tool according to claim 15, characterized in that the support (4) comprises two jaws (7, 8) fixed to each other, the star piece (19) having a central part (20) pinched between the two jaws (7, 8) and from which protrude its branches (18).
17. Outil selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que, le tampon (6) étant monobloc et comportant une pluralité de pétales (14b) saillant transversalement de sa partie centrale (6a), chaque branche (18) est située au droit d'un pétale (14b). 17. Tool according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, the pad (6) being in one piece and comprising a plurality of petals (14b) projecting transversely from its central part (6a), each branch (18) is located at right a petal (14b).
18. Outil selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que les pétales18. Tool according to claim 17, characterized in that the petals
(14b) et les branches (18) sont respectivement au nombre de sept.(14b) and the branches (18) are respectively seven in number.
19. Outil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface d'extrémité (13) du support (4) est plane. 19. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end surface (13) of the support (4) is planar.
20. Outil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que la surface d'extrémité (13) du support (4) est convexe.20. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the end surface (13) of the support (4) is convex.
21. Outil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que la surface d'extrémité (13) du support (4) est concave. 21. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the end surface (13) of the support (4) is concave.
EP03712206A 2002-01-16 2003-01-06 Tool for surface treatment of an optical surface Expired - Lifetime EP1465749B9 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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FR0200483 2002-01-16
FR0200483A FR2834662B1 (en) 2002-01-16 2002-01-16 TOOL FOR SURFACING AN OPTICAL SURFACE
PCT/FR2003/000010 WO2003059572A1 (en) 2002-01-16 2003-01-06 Tool for surface treatment of an optical surface

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EP1465749A1 true EP1465749A1 (en) 2004-10-13
EP1465749B1 EP1465749B1 (en) 2007-03-14
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EP (1) EP1465749B9 (en)
JP (1) JP4223404B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100940892B1 (en)
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AT (1) ATE356691T1 (en)
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DE (1) DE60312475T2 (en)
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Publication number Publication date
US20050101235A1 (en) 2005-05-12
AU2003216781A1 (en) 2003-07-30
ATE356691T1 (en) 2007-04-15
AU2003216781B2 (en) 2008-05-29
CN1620356A (en) 2005-05-25
FR2834662B1 (en) 2004-05-14
KR20040069219A (en) 2004-08-04
ES2283758T3 (en) 2007-11-01
EP1465749B1 (en) 2007-03-14
CA2472314A1 (en) 2003-07-24
EP1465749B9 (en) 2007-10-17
US7033261B2 (en) 2006-04-25
DE60312475D1 (en) 2007-04-26
CN1315616C (en) 2007-05-16
JP4223404B2 (en) 2009-02-12
KR100940892B1 (en) 2010-02-09
WO2003059572A1 (en) 2003-07-24
FR2834662A1 (en) 2003-07-18
WO2003059572A8 (en) 2004-08-12
JP2005514220A (en) 2005-05-19
CA2472314C (en) 2010-09-28
DE60312475T2 (en) 2007-11-29

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