EP1441430A1 - Verfahren zur Verwaltung und zur Beschränkung des Leistungsbedarfs von Geräte und deren Komponenten, und dasselbe Verfahren gebrauchendes System - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Verwaltung und zur Beschränkung des Leistungsbedarfs von Geräte und deren Komponenten, und dasselbe Verfahren gebrauchendes System Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1441430A1 EP1441430A1 EP03001238A EP03001238A EP1441430A1 EP 1441430 A1 EP1441430 A1 EP 1441430A1 EP 03001238 A EP03001238 A EP 03001238A EP 03001238 A EP03001238 A EP 03001238A EP 1441430 A1 EP1441430 A1 EP 1441430A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- appliances
- energy consumption
- components
- power
- appliance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process and a system for managing and curtailing power demand of appliances and/or components thereof.
- the main object of the present invention is to avoid or to smooth the daily power peaks.
- the utility company reacts to power peaks in different ways, i.e. by increasing the energy cost during the peaks (this can be done only where different daily tariffs can be applied), by shutting-off entire quarter when lack of power happens, and by providing home limitation on the power loading (in certain countries when the power contract threshold is reached the home network is automatically disconnected from the main).
- the process and the system according to the invention are conceptually based on smoothed power absorption of the loaders, co-operative participation of great number of users, and on-line re-planning of the energy distribution on the base of power forecast.
- the process according to the invention comprises the steps of assessing for each appliance and/or component an energy consumption profile corresponding to the user's setting, comparing the energy consumption profiles in order to check if their sum leads to one or more peak in the absorbed power, and providing one or more new energy consumption profiles in order to level the total power absorbed by appliances or components thereof.
- the above process involves the following three system levels: appliance level, home level which co-ordinates all home activities (such level can be managed by a special appliance control system or by a distinct control unit or power control box connected to all appliances in the house), and distribution power system level that manages the power distribution for all the connected houses.
- the process is based mainly on the levelling of the power consumption at appliance level.
- This solution thanks to an efficient co-ordination of the internal loads, allows avoiding energy demand peaks in order to have levelled power absorption.
- the above levelling doesn't provide any limitation on appliance functionality.
- Another innovative feature of the process according to the present invention is the power consumption forecast.
- each appliance is able to perform a more accurate prevision on power consumption in order to provide a signal on estimated future power consumption to the utility company.
- the appliance is able to provide alternative cycles with lower power profile (power consumption forecast), therefore minimising the impact on product efficiency.
- the system is able to collect the power consumption forecast of several appliances, to collect in real time all the user changes and the switched-on appliances, and to level the home power consumption vs. time by co-ordinating in real time the appliance power loading. Thanks also to the power levelling activities, the system is also able to elaborate a home power plan forecast to be sent to the distribution power system.
- the distribution power system elaborates all the collected home forecast information, re-organises a new forecast plan and identifies on the basis of the instantaneous energy availability the directives to be sent to the connected homes.
- the power management system can collect "on line" the utility company's directives for piloting the home power management objectives, can re-plan the appliance use on the base of the utility directives and appliance priority (meant as a sort of ranking in which the different appliances or components can be curtailed), and can negotiate with each appliance the adoption of alternative lower power consumption cycle when requested.
- the system can be configured on the basis of appliance priorities and/or functional priorities.
- appliance priority on the basis of the customer use, each appliance can have a different priority, which defines the importance of the appliance in the home network (i.e. the customer can choose the appliances that can be eventually switched off when a power reduction is required).
- functional priority on the basis of user preferences the appliance can re-arrange its predefined power saving strategy (i.e. the user can decide the importance of the hobs of its cook-top, consequently the appliance, when required, curtails the power, starting from the low priority hobs).
- the system can be configured on the basis of contract power consumption limitation. This parameter is strictly related to the type of contract subscribed with the utility. For this reason the special control unit of the appliance or the distinct power control box provides security features (like password and anti intrusion alarms) able to protect the setting performed by utility at contract subscription. Alternatively this setting can be done also remotely though a connection with the utility distribution system.
- the user can change the configuration parameters through the appliance user interface or through the interface of a distinct power control box.
- the user can directly set the appliance priority and the appliance functional priority thorough the appliance user interface.
- the appliance user interface is able to store the customer settings and to recognise a predefined sequence of activities.
- the distinct power control box (which can be a home PC or a control circuit integral with an appliance) can have display features that help the customer in setting activities. Such power control box could share the appliance settings (appliance priority and appliance functional priority) with the appliances connected to the home network.
- the power consumption limitation due to the particular contract between the user and the utility company can be managed directly (on line) by the utility power distribution system.
- two communication layers are required: communication between the distribution power level and the home power control box and communication between the power control box and the appliances.
- this communication can be realised on Internet support (DSL - Digital Subscriber Line, PPP - Point to Point Protocol or GSM/UMTS) or on power line directly on the power distribution network.
- GSM i.e. SMS
- GSM Global System for Mobile communications
- RF Wireless Fidelity
- a function on a product for example a temperature level on the oven
- the control "regulates” the actuator controlled (for example heaters, motors, solenoid valve, etc.) in order to reach and maintain the desired functions (for example the temperature level).
- a control in order to perform the required function (for example for controlling the temperature inside an oven cavity), activates the heater with a duty cycle of 50% (for example 30 sec ON and 30sec OFF), then current absorption from the main will have a similar behaviour (for example 30 sec-10A and 30 sec-0A.) as shown in figure 5. This means that there will be current peak absorption up to 10A, while the average current over a long period will be 5A.
- the system according to the invention organises the switching of the different loads in order to have an instantaneous current profile as much as possible similar to the average current value. This is shown in figure 8 where the different switching are properly shifted. This create a more homogeneous current absorption from the mains, with the following benefits: reduced noise on the mains (for example it reduces flicker), reduced current peak (with reduced stress on cables, switches and/or components, avoided mains shutdown, etc), simplified power consumption forecast, possibility to combine more products, etc.
- all the different controls for the different actuators are "synchronised” by a control circuit (indicated as “synchroniser” in figure 9) that organises the ON-OFF switching of the single actuator in order to limit the current peak level absorption from the mains.
- Each control can decide independently the duty cycle level that need to be applied to the relative actuator in order to reach the single objective. These information are collected by the synchroniser that re-organises them on the right sequence and than re-sent them to each control for the actuation. In this way it is possible to maintain different types of control strategy.
- the synchroniser can operate in many different ways. For example, as shown in figure 9, each control sends to the synchroniser the information related to the duty cycle (D.C) that it needs to apply to the related load and the nominal load power.
- the synchroniser puts in a sequence all the different duty cycles starting from the one related to the load with higher power level. Then it organises them inside the selected period of control. In this way each D.C. is placed in a precise position inside the period of control avoiding unnecessary simultaneous activation of loads. At that point, the synchroniser is able to calculate the power profile for the next period of control. If there is a maximum power limit defined, the synchroniser verifies if this is exceeded.
- D.C duty cycle
- the synchroniser can apply a method to reduce the maximum power limit, for example by reducing proportionally the duty cycle of the loads, and repeat the process from D.C. re-organisation. If the limit does not exist or is not exceeded, the synchroniser sent back to the different controls the adjusted D.C. and the synchronisation information (for example the phase). This process is described in figure 10. The same results can be obtained using an integrated control for all the actuators. The synchroniser knows the power profile for the next periods of control and it is able to provide a "forecast" of the power consumption for the controlled actuators. In addition, if this information is combined with the data that each control has on its specific functionality, we can have a power consumption forecast extended for a longer period of time (for example hours or days).
- the system is able to provide a power consumption forecast for a long period.
- each product control knows how it is possible to reduce the instantaneous power consumption based on the assessed power consumption forecast.
- the oven control can reduce the instantaneous current absorption during the "preheat phase", for example using one heating element less but increasing the heat up time.
- the system can provide, in addition to the "normal power consumption forecast", also a potential “reduced power consumption forecast” as shown in the attached figure 11.
- This information can be used by a control circuit (for example a power control box) to plan a reduction on the power consumption peak of a group of appliances when required.
- the algorithm running inside such control unit takes in considerations many factors to optimise the levelling feature.
- the information can have more sources such as power distribution network, a power meter device (installed to read the energy consumption of some/all devices switched on), and a new generation of appliances able to communicate with external device like power control box, and to apply power levelling itself with a low degradation of their performances.
- the power control box collects all the information coming from each appliance to elaborate the house power forecast and it can also negotiate the more suitable power profiles with every appliance to level the total power absorption.
- the information collected can be delivered to the distribution power network, to give a general forecast of power consumption and to allow the utility company to actuate the power levelling, managing each house connected.
- the utility company can suggest reducing the power consumption during some hours of the day, by offering a dedicated contract or special tariffs to the customer.
- the power control box is able to elaborate the energy directives coming from the power network and apply them negotiating the consumption forecast with the appliances and following the priorities chosen by customer.
- Figure 12 explains the algorithm for reaching the objective.
- the levelling of power consumption can be obtained through a proper time scheduling of the appliances.
- All white appliances, performing their working cycles have some functionality that can be delayed to save energy.
- a typical example is the refrigerator or freezer.
- This appliance must perform one or some defrost cycles during the day. This particular functionality gives the possibility to save energy scheduling such defrost during the night or when energy is available at low cost.
- the power control box can ask to inhibit more functionality of some appliances in order to achieve power saving in critical situation: the ice producer can be stopped, the same for freezer compressor or washer spinning cycle for short time and so on.
- each appliance is asked to elaborate a power saving forecast. So, the power control box can ask every appliance to give more forecast shapes, over the default power shape, depending from the program presently running.
- the levelling algorithm on the power control box can command, in real time, the appliance to switch from different power shapes if it is unable to obtain a good levelling only by time shifting or time scheduling.
- the diagram gives and idea of two different forecasts of power demand coming from the same appliance.
- the B shape (in dotted line) requires less power consumption compared to A. Changing the power curve from A to B will modify the performance of the appliance involved. An electric oven, for example, can take more time to reach the correct temperate set, but it is always able to cook the food. So, the power saving curve B on the graph is acceptable in emergency situation.
- the power control box can interact with the customer through a display (LCD or usual personal computer running a dedicate software) to re-define the default setting or change the algorithm or devices priorities. It is also possible to schedule the working time of some appliances by hours of the day/days of the week etc.
- a display LCD or usual personal computer running a dedicate software
- FIG 14. Another example of power forecast requirement is shown in figure 14.
- the upper graph for the A device explains the timing and level of power forecast needed to perform the program chosen by the user.
- the shape of the graph explains how the power consumption will evolve if the customer leaves the device to follow the program selected.
- a possible action, in this situation, for the levelling algorithm running inside the power control box is to negotiate with the device B to delay his power peaks when the A device requires the minimal level of energy.
- the delayed "thick" shape on graph B where the appliance is well synchronised with the appliance A is shown in the middle graph of figure 14 and the total power shape needed to run the two devices is shown on bottom graph with thick line. Comparing the two cumulative power curves, the first dotted and the other thick (on the bottom graph), it's possible to detect the advantage of using levelling technology.
- the algorithm of the power control box can check the effective availability of energy before switching on a new appliance in order to avoid black out.
- the distribution power system manages the power distribution like an on line stock. Its goal is to avoid the power peaks minimising at the same time the impact on the user (and avoiding the shut-off of entire quarter). It can reach its objective exploiting two main concepts: the advance management of the forecasted power (forecasted power availability on one side and forecasted power request on the other side) and the collaboration with appliances (power absorption levelling and power reduction).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20030001238 EP1441430B1 (de) | 2003-01-21 | 2003-01-21 | Verfahren zur Verwaltung und zur Beschränkung des Leistungsbedarfs von Geräte und deren Komponenten, und dasselbe Verfahren gebrauchendes System |
ES03001238.9T ES2538484T3 (es) | 2003-01-21 | 2003-01-21 | Un proceso para gestionar y reducir la demanda de potencia de electrodomésticos y componentes de los mismos, y sistema que utiliza dicho proceso |
US10/757,891 US20040153170A1 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2004-01-15 | Process for managing and curtailing power demand of appliances and components thereof, and system using such process |
US12/821,644 US20100262311A1 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2010-06-23 | Process for managing and curtailing power demand of appliances and components thereof, and system using such process |
US12/973,287 US20110087382A1 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2010-12-20 | Process for managing and curtailing power demand of appliances and components thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20030001238 EP1441430B1 (de) | 2003-01-21 | 2003-01-21 | Verfahren zur Verwaltung und zur Beschränkung des Leistungsbedarfs von Geräte und deren Komponenten, und dasselbe Verfahren gebrauchendes System |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1441430A1 true EP1441430A1 (de) | 2004-07-28 |
EP1441430B1 EP1441430B1 (de) | 2015-05-06 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20030001238 Expired - Lifetime EP1441430B1 (de) | 2003-01-21 | 2003-01-21 | Verfahren zur Verwaltung und zur Beschränkung des Leistungsbedarfs von Geräte und deren Komponenten, und dasselbe Verfahren gebrauchendes System |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US20040153170A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1441430B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2538484T3 (de) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20110087382A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
ES2538484T3 (es) | 2015-06-22 |
EP1441430B1 (de) | 2015-05-06 |
US20040153170A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
US20100262311A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
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