EP1440280A1 - Elektrisch beheizbare glühkerze und verfahren zur herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren glühkerze - Google Patents
Elektrisch beheizbare glühkerze und verfahren zur herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren glühkerzeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1440280A1 EP1440280A1 EP02758098A EP02758098A EP1440280A1 EP 1440280 A1 EP1440280 A1 EP 1440280A1 EP 02758098 A EP02758098 A EP 02758098A EP 02758098 A EP02758098 A EP 02758098A EP 1440280 A1 EP1440280 A1 EP 1440280A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating coil
- glow
- glow plug
- oxygen
- glow tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001313 Cobalt-iron alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 aluminum-iron Chromium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002449 FKM Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
- F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods
Definitions
- the invention is based on an electrically heatable glow plug and a method for producing an electrically heatable glow plug.
- an electrically heatable glow plug for internal combustion engines which comprises an end-closed, corrosion-resistant glow tube, which receives a filling of an electrically non-conductive, compressed powder, in which an electrically conductive coil is embedded.
- the coil includes a heating coil. This is made from an iron chrome
- the surface of the electrically conductive filament is hardened in the area of the heating filament. As a result, the helix can withstand the mechanical stress during the compression process without pre-damage.
- an electrically heated glow plug for internal combustion engines which comprises a glow plug made of a corrosion-resistant metal jacket.
- a compressed powder filling in the glow plug contain.
- An electrically conductive filament is embedded in the filling.
- a getter material is provided in the glow plug for binding the oxygen contained in the compressed powder filling.
- the getter material can be distributed in the form of electrically non-conductive particles in the compressed powder filling. These can consist of silicon or metalloids of such metals which oxidize in several oxidation states and have a higher affinity and oxygen than the spiral material, the getter material in the initial state containing the metal oxides in their first oxidation state.
- a heating element in which a coil is arranged in a sleeve and is embedded in an electrically insulating powder.
- the powder comprises 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of an oxide and thereby prevents the oxidation of the metallic part of the coil.
- the electrically heatable glow plug and the method for producing an electrically heatable glow plug with the features of the independent claims have the advantage that oxygen donors are provided in the glow tube to form an aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the heating coil before or during heating of the coil , In this way, in the event of air penetration, the glow tube prevents the formation of nitrides in the outer layers of the heating coil and thus prevents a local increase in electrical resistance and premature failure of the heating coil. Another advantage is that the evaporation of aluminum from the alloy can be largely suppressed.
- the supply of oxygen donors is less complex if the heating coil is embedded in the glow tube in a first insulating powder, the first insulating powder comprising a material acting as an oxygen donor.
- the oxygen donor is designed as a metal oxide that can oxidize in several oxidation stages and is present in its highest oxidation stage. In this way, the release of oxygen from the metal oxide is considerably improved.
- the oxidic ceramic powder comprises a metal oxide which, under reducing conditions, can give off oxygen by forming defects.
- the oxygen donors are introduced into the glow tube in the form of oxygen molecules under pressure.
- the pressure of the oxygen concentration in the glow tube can be increased and the oxygen molecules can oxidize the surface of the heating coil to form aluminum oxide without heating the heating coil by means of a heating current.
- the heating coil can be switched on before the first operation the first heating by means of a heating current is protected against nitridation by an oxide layer.
- Insulating powder is embedded, which is as free as possible from oxygen donors and / or includes getter material for binding oxygen.
- a material can be used for the control coil that does not form a protective oxide layer under the influence of oxygen donors, as is the case, for example, with cobalt-iron alloys. Corrosion of the control coil can thus be prevented or at least significantly delayed by using the second insulating powder, which is as free as possible from oxygen donors.
- FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an electrically heatable glow plug according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of an electrically heatable glow plug.
- FIG. 1, 1 denotes a glow plug designed as a glow plug for an internal combustion engine.
- the glow plug 1 comprises a candle housing 40 with a thread 45 for screwing into a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.
- the candle case 40 further includes a hexagon 50, by means of which the glow plug or the candle housing 40 can be screwed into the cylinder head or unscrewed from the cylinder head by means of a twisting tool, for example a hexagon wrench.
- a glow tube 5 is pressed into the candle housing 40, which is tubular, and protrudes from the combustion chamber, ie at the end of the candle housing 40 opposite the hexagon 50, from the candle housing 40.
- the glow tube 5 is closed at the end of the combustion chamber.
- the cross section of the glow tube 5 can be reduced, as in this example. A reduction of this cross section is not absolutely necessary.
- the glow pencil candle 1 only projects into the combustion chamber with the region 20 of reduced cross section.
- the glow tube 5 comprises a heating coil 10, which is welded to the tip 55 of the glow tube 5 on the combustion chamber side.
- the heating coil 10 is followed by a control coil 60, which is arranged in the area of the glow tube 5, the
- the control coil 60 contacts a connecting bolt 65 which can be connected to the positive pole of a vehicle battery. This is in the direction of the opening of the candle housing 40 remote from the combustion chamber
- Glow tube 5 still sealed within the candle housing 40 against environmental influences by a Viton ring 70.
- Another sealing ring 75 seals the connection bolt 65 protruding from the combustion chamber 40 away from the combustion chamber against the candle housing 40.
- An insulating disk 80 adjoining the sealing ring 75 away from the combustion chamber serves for the electrical insulation of the connecting pin 65 from the candle housing 40 and thus electrically isolates the connecting pin 65 from the candle housing 40, the electrical potential of which lies on vehicle ground.
- a ring nut 85 prints the insulating washer 80 on the candle housing 40 and the sealing ring 75 in the candle housing 40.
- the glow tube 5 is metallic and, due to the pressing into the candle housing 40, also lies with its electrical potential on the vehicle mass.
- the heating coil 10 is welded to the control coil 60 at a connection point 90.
- the heating coil 10 consists, for example, of a ferritic steel with an aluminum content, for example of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy.
- the R.egelharil can for example be made of pure nickel or a cobalt-iron alloy with a proportion of 6-18 percent by weight of cobalt and has the function of
- an electrically insulating powder filling 25, 30, which is compressed after hammering the glow tube 5, is provided in the glow tube 5, which ensures that the heating coil 10 and the control coil 60 are accommodated and fixed in the interior of the glow tube 5 and against the glow tube 5 outside the tip 55 of the glow tube 5 are electrically insulated.
- Magnesium oxide is generally used as powder filling.
- the powder filling ensures Thermal connection between the glow tube 5 and the heating coil 10 or the control coil 60
- the alloy of the heating coil 10 normally protects itself with sufficient oxygen supply in a short time by the formation of a thin Al 2 O 3 layer against further corrosion.
- this requirement is not met with glow plug 1 due to an initial lack of oxygen in the rule.
- air can penetrate into the glow tube 5 despite the sealing ring 75 and Viton ring 70.
- This leads to a simultaneous reaction of the material of the heating coil 10 with oxygen and nitrogen.
- nitrogen leads to an internal nitridation, i. h to the formation of aluminum nitride in the material of the heating coil 10.
- the result is a local increase in the electrical resistance of the heating coil 10, which results in a higher voltage drop and thus greater heating at the heating coil 10 and can lead to premature failure of the heating coil 10 ,
- the insulating powder filling is considered a
- the aluminum oxide layer is at least partially realized when the heating coil 10 is first heated by a heating current at which temperatures of over 1000 degrees Celsius are reached. If the material of the control coil 60 has no aluminum portion and also no silicon portion as in the example described here, then it does not form a protective oxide layer but corrodes with the oxygen released by the oxygen donors. This should be prevented. Therefore, in this case, the material of the insulating powder filling acting as an oxygen donor should only be added in the area 20 at the tip 55 of the glow tube 5 in which the heating coil 10 is located. That as
- Material acting as an oxygen donor should therefore only be present in the area of the heating coil 10 and not in the area of the control coil 60.
- the insulating powder with the material acting as an oxygen donor is first filled into the glow tube 5 until the heating coil 10 is embedded as completely as possible therein and the control coil 60, even after hammering the glow tube 5, does not use the as Oxygen donor acting material n comes into contact.
- the insulating powder filling enriched with the material acting as an oxygen donor is identified in FIG. 1 by the reference symbol 25 and is referred to below as the first insulating powder.
- the insulating powder subsequently filled into the glow tube 5, in which the control coil 60 is embedded should not contain any material acting as an oxygen donor in this example and should be formed, for example, from pure magnesium oxide. In this way, the oxidation is only supported in the area of the heating coil 10, so that both nitriding of the heating coil 10 and corrosion of the control coil 60 can be prevented.
- the insulating powder, which is free of materials acting as an oxygen donor, is shown in FIG Reference numeral 30 denotes and represents a second insulating powder.
- the second insulating powder 30 can be a getter material for binding of oxygen such as Si, Ti, Al or reduced metal / ide, such as FeO, Ti; 0 : include
- the second insulating powder 30 must contain electrically insulating material such as MgO in a considerably greater concentration than the getter material.
- the material acting as an oxygen donor can be designed, for example, as an oxidic ceramic powder.
- the ceramic powder can be a metal oxide
- this metal oxide can be present in its initial state in its highest oxidation state.
- T ⁇ 0 2 can be used as an oxygen donor.
- an oxidic ceramic powder or metal oxide as an oxygen donor, which emits oxygen under reducing conditions, such as are given in the area 20 at the tip 55 of the glow tube 5 by the aluminum portion of the heating coil 10, so that in the Crystal lattice of the metal oxide in question results in a defect due to the lack of oxygen atoms.
- an oxygen donor for example, ZrO; to get voted .
- a content of the material acting as an oxygen donor in the first insulating powder 25 in a range of already about 0.1 has proved to be sufficient for the initiation of the oxidation on the heating coil 10
- FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a glow plug according to the invention, the same reference numerals denoting the same elements as in FIG. 1.
- the glow tube 5 in the second embodiment according to FIG. 2 does not include a control coil but an electronic control element that is protected against oxidation 95, which can include, for example, a temperature sensor and a sensing of the current supplied to the heating coil 10 as a function of the determined temperature and which is not to be described in more detail here.
- a control coil or a control element can also be dispensed with entirely.
- a third insulating powder 15 is provided in the entire area of the glow tube 5, which is formed from an electrically insulating material, for example magnesium oxide, and is free of oxygen donors.
- the heating coil 10 is connected to the connecting bolt 65 via the control element 95, the control element 95 also being able to be arranged as far away from the combustion chamber as possible so as not to be heated too strongly an opening 35 is drilled, the opening 35 should lie outside the area 20 at the tip 55 of the glow tube 5 with the heating coil 10, since this area could be too sensitive for a bore due to its reduction in cross-section, but if in the area 20 at the tip 55 of the glow tube 5 there are no stability problems, it is also conceivable to make the bore 35 there, that is to say directly in the area of the heating coil 10.
- the opening 35 is only made after the heating coil 10 and possibly the control element 95 m have the area 20 at the tip 55 of the glow tube 5 was introduced and the glow tube 5 was filled with the third insulating powder 15 opening 35 n the glow tube 5 drilled.
- Oxygen molecules are then introduced into the glow tube 5 through the opening 35 under a gas atmosphere with a controlled partial pressure. This process can last, for example, between approximately one hour and approximately 20 hours, the limits of this time range also being shifted up or down. Then the opening 35 formed by the bore is closed again. The sealing can take place, for example, by welding.
- the controlled partial pressure increases the oxygen concentration in the glow tube 5. The higher the partial pressure, the higher the concentration of oxygen in the glow tube 5.
- Exercises a protective function and prevents the formation of nitrides on the heating coil 10 when small amounts of air penetrate during the operation of the glow plug. In this way, the life of the glow plug 1 can be increased. In this case, this is done by pre-oxidation of the heating coil 10 before the glow pencil candle 1 is put into operation for the first time.
- a protective layer defined in its composition, in this example formed as an aluminum oxide layer is generated on the heating coil 10.
- the use of a control coil which is susceptible to oxidation and corrosion is not recommended in the second exemplary embodiment, and the use of a control element which is resistant to oxidation and corrosion, such as this has been described using the control element 95 as an example, or to prefer not using a control coil or a control element.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10152175 | 2001-10-23 | ||
DE10152175 | 2001-10-23 | ||
DE10157466 | 2001-11-23 | ||
DE10157466A DE10157466A1 (de) | 2001-10-23 | 2001-11-23 | Elektrisch beheizbare Glühkerze und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren Glühkerze |
PCT/DE2002/002596 WO2003038340A1 (de) | 2001-10-23 | 2002-07-16 | Elektrisch beheizbare glühkerze und verfahren zur herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren glühkerze |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1440280A1 true EP1440280A1 (de) | 2004-07-28 |
EP1440280B1 EP1440280B1 (de) | 2007-12-19 |
Family
ID=26010431
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02758098A Expired - Lifetime EP1440280B1 (de) | 2001-10-23 | 2002-07-16 | Elektrisch beheizbare glühkerze und verfahren zur herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren glühkerze |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6930283B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1440280B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4076162B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE381701T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50211415D1 (de) |
HU (1) | HUP0302081A3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL361797A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW539805B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003038340A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10248802A1 (de) * | 2002-10-19 | 2004-04-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Glühstiftkerze mit stark verkürzter Regelwendel |
DE102007001648A1 (de) | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Glühstiftkerze |
US20090184101A1 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-07-23 | John Hoffman | Sheathed glow plug |
US8158909B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2012-04-17 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Hot zone igniter |
JP5276425B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2013-08-28 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | シースヒータ及びグロープラグ |
ITPR20090014A1 (it) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-18 | Etecno 1 S R L | Filamento resistivo per candelette di motori a combustione interna e riscaldatori per sistemi di scarico e candeletta o riscaldatore comprendente detto filamento |
JP5509017B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-15 | 2014-06-04 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | グロープラグ |
US20130216862A1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-22 | c/o Chevron Corporation | Coating Compositions, Applications Thereof, and Methods of Forming |
KR101638722B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-16 | 2016-07-11 | 니혼도꾸슈도교 가부시키가이샤 | 글로 플러그 |
JP5973222B2 (ja) | 2012-05-07 | 2016-08-23 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | グロープラグ及びその製造方法 |
FR3033389B1 (fr) * | 2015-03-02 | 2018-11-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bougie de prechauffage ou de post-chauffage |
DE102015221689A1 (de) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heizeinsatz zum Einsatz in einem Glührohr einer elektrisch beheizbare Glühstiftkerze |
US11371712B2 (en) | 2019-01-25 | 2022-06-28 | Weber-Stephen Products Llc | Pellet grills |
US11624505B2 (en) | 2020-03-17 | 2023-04-11 | Weber-Stephen Products Llc | Ignition-based protocols for pellet grills |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2690491A (en) * | 1953-05-01 | 1954-09-28 | Gresham H Calvert | Therapeutic heater unit |
US3596057A (en) * | 1969-05-08 | 1971-07-27 | Dominion Electric Corp | Electric heating device |
JPS5848030B2 (ja) * | 1976-03-09 | 1983-10-26 | 株式会社リケン | Fe−Cr−Al系発熱体の表面処理方法 |
DE2625752A1 (de) * | 1976-06-09 | 1977-12-15 | Bulten Kanthal Gmbh | Elektrisches widerstand-heizelement und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JPS5461340A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1979-05-17 | Toshiba Corp | Electric heater |
AU541582B2 (en) | 1981-05-18 | 1985-01-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | A shielded heating element and a method of manufacturing the same |
JPS61104582A (ja) * | 1984-10-25 | 1986-05-22 | 株式会社デンソー | シ−ズヒ−タ |
JPH02155186A (ja) * | 1988-12-06 | 1990-06-14 | Fujikura Ltd | 遠赤外線放射体 |
JPH04123785A (ja) * | 1990-09-14 | 1992-04-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 発熱体 |
JPH05283149A (ja) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-10-29 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 表面絶縁性に優れたヒーター材料とその製造方法 |
DE19756988C1 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-09-02 | Daimler Benz Ag | Elektrisch beheizbare Glühkerze oder Glühstab für Verbrennungsmotoren |
DE19928037C1 (de) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-05-25 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Elektrisch beheizbare Glühkerze oder Glühstab für Verbrennungsmotoren |
WO2003017726A1 (fr) * | 2001-08-13 | 2003-02-27 | Sanyo Netsukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Element chauffant |
-
2002
- 2002-07-16 EP EP02758098A patent/EP1440280B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-16 HU HU0302081A patent/HUP0302081A3/hu unknown
- 2002-07-16 DE DE50211415T patent/DE50211415D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-16 PL PL36179702A patent/PL361797A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-16 AT AT02758098T patent/ATE381701T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-16 US US10/451,772 patent/US6930283B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-16 JP JP2003540572A patent/JP4076162B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-16 WO PCT/DE2002/002596 patent/WO2003038340A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-10-16 TW TW091123802A patent/TW539805B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03038340A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1440280B1 (de) | 2007-12-19 |
WO2003038340A1 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
HUP0302081A3 (en) | 2005-10-28 |
HUP0302081A2 (hu) | 2003-09-29 |
PL361797A1 (en) | 2004-10-04 |
US6930283B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
DE50211415D1 (de) | 2008-01-31 |
US20040084436A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
TW539805B (en) | 2003-07-01 |
ATE381701T1 (de) | 2008-01-15 |
JP4076162B2 (ja) | 2008-04-16 |
JP2005507068A (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
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