EP1383987B1 - Burst protection device for radial compressors pertaining to turbochargers - Google Patents

Burst protection device for radial compressors pertaining to turbochargers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1383987B1
EP1383987B1 EP02719599A EP02719599A EP1383987B1 EP 1383987 B1 EP1383987 B1 EP 1383987B1 EP 02719599 A EP02719599 A EP 02719599A EP 02719599 A EP02719599 A EP 02719599A EP 1383987 B1 EP1383987 B1 EP 1383987B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
compressor
burst
protection arrangement
insert wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02719599A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1383987A1 (en
Inventor
Zhanjun Hou
Josef Bättig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Accelleron Industries AG
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ABB Turbo Systems AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Turbo Systems AG filed Critical ABB Turbo Systems AG
Publication of EP1383987A1 publication Critical patent/EP1383987A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1383987B1 publication Critical patent/EP1383987B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/16Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/04Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
    • F01D21/045Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/30Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F05B2260/3011Retaining bolts or nuts of the frangible or shear type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/40Application in turbochargers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/10Stators
    • F05D2240/14Casings or housings protecting or supporting assemblies within
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/20Three-dimensional
    • F05D2250/23Three-dimensional prismatic
    • F05D2250/232Three-dimensional prismatic conical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burst protection device of a radial compressor of a turbocharger, as described by the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a turbocharger according to the features of the preamble of claim 9.
  • Ver Whyrradberstens represents for the people and objects located in the vicinity of the turbocharger a significant risk, since the fragments of the compressor wheel can penetrate the outer walls of the exhaust gas turbocharger with their large kinetic energy. Flying debris can be fatal to humans and cause significant damage to neighboring facilities.
  • EP-0 908 629 it has been proposed, at a diffuser flange of a compressor wheel, which is located between the compressor wheel and turbine wheel and which is connected in the outer region with the compressor housing and in the inner region with the bearing housing, a predetermined breaking point in the form of a circular groove between provided in the inner and outer regions, so that in case of bursting of the compressor wheel in the radial direction accelerated fragments can not penetrate the compressor housing. An axial ejection of fragments is not prevented by the predetermined breaking point.
  • the compressor wheel acts as a wedge between a compressor diffuser adjacent to the compressor wheel downstream in the flow channel and an insert wall bounding the flow channel radially outside in the area above the laul paddles of the compressor.
  • This axially acting force is transmitted through the insert wall to the compressor housing and further to the connection between the compressor housing and an upstream component, such as a compressor. an intake manifold or a filter silencer.
  • an upstream component such as a compressor. an intake manifold or a filter silencer.
  • the connection between the compressor housing and the upstream component which is usually a screw, these large axial forces can not withstand and parts of the compressor housing and the upstream component are thrown axially. The resulting danger to people and neighboring facilities can not counteract the above-mentioned measures.
  • the inventive bursting protection device of a radial compressor of a turbocharger has a flow channel, which is bounded by the rotor blades of the compressor wheel through an insert wall radially outwards.
  • the insert wall has a predetermined breaking point over the blades or further downstream. In the case of a compressor wheel rupture, a part of the axial forces is absorbed by the controlled breaking of the insert wall at the predetermined breaking point.
  • the connection between the compressor housing and upstream component is not destroyed and the individual parts can no longer be thrown axially.
  • the insert wall is surrounded radially by an inner wall of the compressor housing and has at least a first conically tapering upstream section, this section begins approximately at the height of the predetermined breaking point of the insert wall and there has an initial radius of about the same size or slightly larger than that Radius of the insert wall at the predetermined breaking point is.
  • the terminating part of the insert wall which moves in the axial direction because of the absorption of a large part of the axial kinetic energy, is braked in its axial movement by this first section of the inner wall tapering conically upstream in the axial direction. By deformation of this section of the inner wall and by friction losses, axial kinetic energy is destroyed.
  • the predetermined breaking point is arranged in the region between the rotor blades of the compressor wheel and downstream adjacent vanes of a compressor diffuser. This arrangement of the predetermined breaking point leads to the absorption of most of the axial energy in the terminating part of the insert wall.
  • the predetermined breaking point is designed in the form of a notch. This is easy to manufacture, inexpensive and allows a very defined breakage of the wall of use.
  • the first, tapered upstream tapering portion of the inner wall with a pitch in the range approximately between 5 ° and 20 ° to design. In this way, a large part of the axial kinetic energy can be destroyed and at the same time ensured that the inner wall is only deformed and will not penetrate.
  • brake elements projecting radially outward from the insert wall are provided which cooperate in the case of the compressor wheel rasp with further conically tapering sections of the inner wall.
  • one or more of the conically tapered sections as radially inwardly projecting brake lugs from the inner wall.
  • the brake lugs can be deformed without this having a deforming effect on the adjacent conical sections.
  • FIG. 1 shows in section along its machine axis 10 a compressor-side section of a turbocharger with a radial compressor 12.
  • the radial compressor 12 has a compressor wheel 14 mounted on a shaft 13 with rotor blades 16.
  • the blades 16 protrude into a flow channel, which is marked by arrows 18.
  • This flow channel 18 is bounded at least in the area above the rotor blades 16 radially outwardly by an insert wall 20.
  • the insert wall 20 extends on the one hand axially limited the gas inlet region radially outwards, then passes into a contour of the blades adapted area and finally forms with an approximately radially extending region an outer boundary wall of the flow channel 18 in
  • the compressor diffuser 22 has guide vanes 40 and is connected by means of a screw 23 on the one hand to the insert wall 20 on the other hand with a compressor housing 24 surrounding the compressor wheel 14.
  • the compressor housing 14 has an outer housing part 26 and an inner wall 28.
  • the inner wall 28 connects directly to the radially extending portion of the insert wall 20 and radially outwardly surrounds the axially extending portion of the insert wall 20.
  • the compressor housing 24 is gas inlet side by means of a compound 30, which is designed here in the form of a screw connection, connected to an upstream component 32.
  • This upstream component 32 may be, for example, an intake manifold or a filter damper.
  • the compressor wheel 14 acts as a wedge between the compressor diffuser 22 and the insert wall 20.
  • the resulting large axial forces are transmitted in this radial compressor 12 through the insert wall 20 on the inner wall 28 and further on the connection 30. If the axial forces are too great, the connection 30 will not withstand the sudden load and the upstream component 32 as well as the inner wall 28 and the insert wall 20 will be ejected axially.
  • turbocharger with radial compressor according to the invention of which a part of the compressor side is shown analogously to the illustration in FIG. 1 in FIG. 2, this can not happen.
  • the radial compressor 12 with the compressor wheel 14, the rotor blades 16, the insert wall 20, the compressor diffuser 22 and the compressor housing 24, 26, 28 together with the upstream component 32 is basically the same, as shown in the turbocharger of the prior art in Fig. 1st
  • the turbocharger according to the invention for the centrifugal compressor 12 has a burst protection device 34 which prevents the housing parts 28, the insert wall 20 and upstream components 32 from being thrown off axially.
  • the burst protection device 34 includes the insert wall 20 which defines the flow channel 18 radially outwardly beyond the rotor blades 16 of the compressor wheel 14, wherein the Insert wall has a predetermined breaking point 36.
  • This predetermined breaking point 36 is arranged in the example shown in FIG. 2 in the region 38 between the axially and the radially extending portion of the insert wall 20, between the blades 16 of the compressor wheel 14 and the guide vanes 40 of the compressor diffuser 22.
  • the inner wall 28 has in its adjoining the radially extending portion of the insert wall 20 part an initial radius Ra on which is about as large or slightly larger than the radius Re of the insert wall 20 in the region of the predetermined breaking point 36.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the burst-prevention device 34 according to the invention, in which a plurality of the radially tapered sections 44, 46 are formed as brake lugs 50 protruding radially inward from the inner wall 28.
  • the predetermined breaking point 36 may also be located elsewhere in the area above the blades, between the axially and radially extending portion of the insert wall 20, or even in the upstream portion of the radially extending portion of the insert wall 20. If not too great axial forces are expected, it is possible to provide only the predetermined breaking point 36 in the insert wall 20.
  • the conical slopes of the inner wall may be approximately in the range between 5 ° and 30 ° for the first section 42 and approximately in the range between 5 ° and 50 ° in the further sections 44, 46.
  • Brake elements 48 and brake lugs 50 are preferably formed integrally with the insert wall 20 and with the inner wall 28, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. But they can also be designed as separate components.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Berstschutzvorrichtung eines Radialverdichters eines Turboladers, wie sie durch die Merkmale des Oberbegriffes des Anspruchs 1 beschrieben ist sowie einen Turbolader gemäss den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruchs 9.The invention relates to a burst protection device of a radial compressor of a turbocharger, as described by the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a turbocharger according to the features of the preamble of claim 9.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Mit den zunehmenden Anforderungen an Abgasturbolader hinsichtlich der Druckverhältnisse ist auch die Gefahr des Verdichterradberstens in Folge der immensen Fliehkräfte gestiegen. Ein Verdichterradbersten stellt für die sich in der Umgebung des Turboladers befindlichen Menschen und Gegenstände eine erhebliche Gefahr dar, da die Bruchstücke des Verdichterrades mit ihrer grossen kinetischen Energie die Aussenwände des Abgasturboladers durchschlagen können. Umherfliegende Bruchstücke können für Menschen tödlich sein und an benachbarten Anlagen erheblichen Schaden anrichten.With the increasing demands on exhaust gas turbochargers in terms of pressure conditions and the risk of Verdichterradberstens has increased as a result of immense centrifugal forces. A Verdichterradbersten represents for the people and objects located in the vicinity of the turbocharger a significant risk, since the fragments of the compressor wheel can penetrate the outer walls of the exhaust gas turbocharger with their large kinetic energy. Flying debris can be fatal to humans and cause significant damage to neighboring facilities.

Um das Durchschlagen der Aussenwände des Turboladers durch in radialer Richtung weggeschleuderte Bruchstücke zu verhindern, sind verschiedene Vorschläge gemacht worden. Beispielsweise hat man für die das Verdichterrad radial nach aussen umgebenden Gehäuseteile grösserer Wanddicken vorgesehen. Oder man hat zusätzliche Berstschutzringe, wie sie z.B. auch in DE-A-196 40 654 und US-4,955,192 und WO-92/07180 für Radialturbinen vorgeschlagen werden, im Bereich um das Verdichterrad angeordnet.In order to prevent the penetration of the outer walls of the turbocharger by fragments thrown away in the radial direction, various proposals have been made. For example, one has provided for the compressor radially outwardly surrounding housing parts of greater wall thicknesses. Or one has additional Berstschutzringe, as proposed for example in DE-A-196 40 654 and US-4,955,192 and WO-92/07180 for radial turbines, arranged in the area around the compressor wheel.

In EP-0 908 629 ist vorgeschlagen worden, an einem Diffusorflansch eines Verdichterrades, der sich zwischen dem Verdichterrad und Turbinenrad befindet und der im äusseren Bereich mit dem Verdichtergehäuse und im inneren Bereich mit dem Lagergehäuse verbunden ist, eine Sollbruchstelle in Form einer kreisförmigen Rille zwischen dem inneren und äusseren Bereich vorzusehen, so dass im Falle eines Berstens des Verdichterrades in radialer Richtung beschleunigte Bruchstücke nicht das Verdichtergehäuse durchschlagen können. Ein axiales Herausschleudern von Bruchstücken wird durch die Sollbruchstelle nicht verhindert.In EP-0 908 629 it has been proposed, at a diffuser flange of a compressor wheel, which is located between the compressor wheel and turbine wheel and which is connected in the outer region with the compressor housing and in the inner region with the bearing housing, a predetermined breaking point in the form of a circular groove between provided in the inner and outer regions, so that in case of bursting of the compressor wheel in the radial direction accelerated fragments can not penetrate the compressor housing. An axial ejection of fragments is not prevented by the predetermined breaking point.

Beim Bersten des Radialverdichters wirkt das Verdichterrad aber wie ein Keil zwischen einem stromab im Strömungskanal dem Verdichterrad benachbarten Verdichterdiffusor und einer den Strömungskanal radial aussen im Bereich über den Laulschaufeln des Verdichters begrenzenden Einsatzwand. Dadurch entsteht neben der grossen in radialer Richtung wirkenden Kraft auch eine grosse in axialer Richtung wirkende Kraft. Diese in axialer Richtung wirkende Kraft wird durch die Einsatzwand auf das Verdichtergehäuse übertragen und weiter auf die Verbindung zwischen Verdichtergehäuse und einem vorgeschalteten Bauteil, wie z.B. einen Ansaugstutzen oder einen Filterschalldämpfer. Oft kann die Verbindung zwischen Verdichtergehäuse und vorgeschaltetem Bauteil, welche meist eine Schraubverbindung ist, diesen grossen axialen Kräften nicht standhalten und Teile des Verdichtergehäuses sowie das vorgeschaltete Bauteil werden axial weggeschleudert. Der hierdurch bestehenden Gefahr für Menschen und benachbarte Anlagen vermögen die obengenannten Massnahmen nicht entgegenzuwirken.When the radial compressor bursts, however, the compressor wheel acts as a wedge between a compressor diffuser adjacent to the compressor wheel downstream in the flow channel and an insert wall bounding the flow channel radially outside in the area above the laul paddles of the compressor. This results in addition to the large force acting in the radial direction and a large force acting in the axial direction force. This axially acting force is transmitted through the insert wall to the compressor housing and further to the connection between the compressor housing and an upstream component, such as a compressor. an intake manifold or a filter silencer. Often, the connection between the compressor housing and the upstream component, which is usually a screw, these large axial forces can not withstand and parts of the compressor housing and the upstream component are thrown axially. The resulting danger to people and neighboring facilities can not counteract the above-mentioned measures.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen Turbolader mit Radialverdichter zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem im Falle eines Verdichterberstens ein axiales Wegschleudern von Gehäuseteilen oder am Verdichtergehäuse befestigten Teilen verhindert wird.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a turbocharger with a radial compressor in which, in the event of a compressor, axial ejection of housing parts or parts fastened to the compressor housing is prevented.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Turbolader gemäss den Merkmalen des Anspruches 9 sowie durch eine Berstschutzvorrichtung eines Radialverdichters eines Turboladers gemäss den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.This object is achieved by a turbocharger according to the features of claim 9 and by a burst protection device of a centrifugal compressor of a turbocharger according to the features of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemässe Berstschutzvorrichtung eines Radialverdichters eines Turboladers weist einen Strömungskanal auf, der über den Laufschaufeln des Verdichterrades durch eine Einsatzwand radial nach aussen begrenzt wird. Die Einsatzwand weist über den Laufschaufeln oder weiter stromab eine Sollbruchstelle auf. Im Falle eines Verdichterradberstens wird ein Teil der axialen Kräfte durch das kontrollierte Brechen der Einsatzwand an der Sollbruchstelle aufgenommen. Zudem wird der Kraftfluss über die Einsatzwand auf ein die Einsatzwand radial aussen umgebendes Gehäuseteil und weiter auf eine Verbindung zwischen Verdichtergehäuse und vorgeschaltetem Bauteil, wie z.B. einen Ansaugstutzen oder einen Filterschalldämpfer durch den Bruch der Einsatzwand unterbrochen. Die Verbindung zwischen Verdichtergehäuse und vorgeschaltetem Bauteil wird nicht zerstört und die einzelnen Teile können nicht mehr axial weggeschleudert werden. Die Einsatzwand ist radial von einer Innenwand des Verdichtergehäuses umgeben und weist wenigstens einen ersten, sich konisch stromauf verjüngenden Abschnitt auf, wobei dieser Abschnitt etwa auf der Höhe der Sollbruchstelle der Einsatzwand beginnt und dort einen Anfangsradius aufweist, der etwa gleich gross oder etwas grösser als der Radius der Einsatzwand an der Sollbruchstelle ist. Das abbrechende Teil der Einsatzwand, das sich wegen der Aufnahme eines grossen Teils der axialen, kinetischen Energie in axialer Richtung bewegt, wird durch diesen konisch sich stromauf in Achsrichtung verjüngenden ersten Abschnitt der Innenwand in seiner axialen Bewegung gebremst. Durch Verformung dieses Abschnittes der Innenwand und durch Reibungsverluste wird axiale kinetische Energie vernichtet.The inventive bursting protection device of a radial compressor of a turbocharger has a flow channel, which is bounded by the rotor blades of the compressor wheel through an insert wall radially outwards. The insert wall has a predetermined breaking point over the blades or further downstream. In the case of a compressor wheel rupture, a part of the axial forces is absorbed by the controlled breaking of the insert wall at the predetermined breaking point. In addition, the power flow through the insert wall on a radially outer wall surrounding the insert wall and further on a connection between the compressor housing and upstream component, such as a Intake manifold or a filter silencer interrupted by the breakage of the insert wall. The connection between the compressor housing and upstream component is not destroyed and the individual parts can no longer be thrown axially. The insert wall is surrounded radially by an inner wall of the compressor housing and has at least a first conically tapering upstream section, this section begins approximately at the height of the predetermined breaking point of the insert wall and there has an initial radius of about the same size or slightly larger than that Radius of the insert wall at the predetermined breaking point is. The terminating part of the insert wall, which moves in the axial direction because of the absorption of a large part of the axial kinetic energy, is braked in its axial movement by this first section of the inner wall tapering conically upstream in the axial direction. By deformation of this section of the inner wall and by friction losses, axial kinetic energy is destroyed.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Sollbruchstelle im Bereich zwischen den Laufschaufeln des Verdichterrades und stromab benachbarten Leitschaufeln eines Verdichterdiffusors angeordnet. Diese Anordnung der Sollbruchstelle führt zur Aufnahme des grössten Teils der axialen Energie im abbrechenden Teil der Einsatzwand.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the predetermined breaking point is arranged in the region between the rotor blades of the compressor wheel and downstream adjacent vanes of a compressor diffuser. This arrangement of the predetermined breaking point leads to the absorption of most of the axial energy in the terminating part of the insert wall.

Vorzugsweise ist die Sollbruchstelle in Form einer Kerbe ausgestaltet. Dies ist einfach in der Herstellung, kostengünstig und erlaubt einen sehr definierten Bruch der Einsatzwand.Preferably, the predetermined breaking point is designed in the form of a notch. This is easy to manufacture, inexpensive and allows a very defined breakage of the wall of use.

Als besonders günstig hat es sich herausgestellt, den ersten, konisch sich stromauf verjüngenden Abschnitt der Innenwand mit einer Steigung im Bereich etwa zwischen 5° und 20° auszugestalten. Auf diese Weise kann ein grosser Teil der axialen, kinetischen Energie vernichtet und gleichzeitig gewährleistet werden, dass sich die Innenwand nur verformt und nicht durchschlagen wird.To be particularly favorable, it has been found, the first, tapered upstream tapering portion of the inner wall with a pitch in the range approximately between 5 ° and 20 ° to design. In this way, a large part of the axial kinetic energy can be destroyed and at the same time ensured that the inner wall is only deformed and will not penetrate.

Sehr vorteilhaft ist es, wenn sich an den ersten, konisch sich stromauf verjüngenden Abschnitt weitere konische sich stromauf verjüngende Abschnitte mit vorzugsweise unterschiedlichen Steigungen anschliessen. Dies erlaubt jeweils eine Optimierung zwischen der im Bruchstück der Einsatzwand noch vorhandenen axialen, kinetischen Energie und der Vernichtung dieser kinetischen Energie durch Reibung und durch Verformung der Innenwand.It is very advantageous if, at the first, conically upstream tapering section, further conical sections tapering upstream are preferably provided connect different slopes. This allows in each case an optimization between the axial, kinetic energy remaining in the fragment of the insert wall and the destruction of this kinetic energy by friction and by deformation of the inner wall.

Als sehr vorteilhaft in diesem Sinne hat es sich herausgestellt die Steigung eines zweiten, sich an den ersten Abschnitt anschliessenden, sich stromauf konisch verjüngender Abschnitts im Bereich von 30° bis 50° zu wählen.As a very advantageous in this sense, it has been found the slope of a second, adjoining the first section, to choose upstream tapered section in the range of 30 ° to 50 °.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind radial von der Einsatzwand nach aussen abstehende Bremselemente vorgesehen, die im Falle des Verdichterradberstens mit weiteren konisch sich stromauf verjüngenden Abschnitten der Innenwand zusammenwirken. Damit kann gleichzeitig an mehreren Orten durch Reibung und durch Verformung der Innenwand axiale, kinetische Energie, die in dem abgebrochenen Teil der Einsatzwand gespeichert ist, vernichtet werden.In a particularly preferred embodiment, brake elements projecting radially outward from the insert wall are provided which cooperate in the case of the compressor wheel rasp with further conically tapering sections of the inner wall. Thus, at the same time in several places by friction and by deformation of the inner wall axial, kinetic energy, which is stored in the broken part of the wall insert to be destroyed.

Ebenfalls sehr vorteilhaft ist es einen oder mehrere der konisch sich stromauf verjüngenden Abschnitte als von der Innenwand radial nach innen abstehende Bremsnasen auszugestalten. Die Bremsnasen können Verformt werden ohne, dass dies eine verformende Wirkung auf die benachbarten konischen Abschnitte hat.It is also very advantageous to design one or more of the conically tapered sections as radially inwardly projecting brake lugs from the inner wall. The brake lugs can be deformed without this having a deforming effect on the adjacent conical sections.

Ein erfindungsgemässer Turbolader mit einem Radialverdichter, der eine oben beschriebene erfindungsgemässe Berstschutzvorrichtung aufweist, stellt im Falle eines Verdichterradberstens eine geringere Gefahr für sich beim Turbolader aufhaltende Menschen und benachbarte Anlagen dar.A turbocharger according to the invention with a centrifugal compressor having a bursting protection device according to the invention described above, in the case of a compressor wheel rupture, represents a lesser risk for people and adjacent systems staying at the turbocharger.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Im folgenden wird der Erfindungsgegenstand anhand von zwei bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen, welche in den beiliegenden Zeichnungen dargestellt sind, näher erläutert. Es zeigen rein schematisch:

Fig. 1
im Schnitt entlang seiner Maschinenachse einen Teil einer Verdichterseite eines Turboladers mit Radialverdichter gemäss dem Stand der Technik;
Fig. 2
im Schnitt entlang seiner Maschinenachse einen Teil einer Verdichterseite eines erfindungsgemässen Turboladers mit einer erfindungsgemässen Berstschutzvorrichtung; und
Fig. 3
analog zu der Darstellung in Fig. 2 eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Berstschutzvorrichtung.
In the following, the subject invention with reference to two preferred embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, explained in more detail. It shows purely schematically:
Fig. 1
in section along its machine axis a part of a compressor side of a turbocharger with radial compressor according to the prior art;
Fig. 2
in section along its machine axis a part of a compressor side of a turbocharger according to the invention with a burst protection device according to the invention; and
Fig. 3
analogous to the illustration in Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the inventive burst protection device.

Die in den Zeichnungen verwendeten Bezugszeichen und deren Bedeutung sind in der Bezugszeichenliste zusammengefasst aufgelistet. Grundsätzlich sind in den Figuren gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Die beschriebene Ausführungsform steht beispielhaft für den Erfindungsgegenstand und hat keine beschränkende Wirkung.The reference numerals used in the drawings and their meaning are listed in the list of reference numerals. Basically, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures. The embodiment described is exemplary of the subject invention and has no limiting effect.

Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungWays to carry out the invention

Figur 1 zeigt im Schnitt entlang seiner Maschinenachse 10 einen verdichterseitigen Ausschnitt eines Turboladers mit einem Radialverdichter 12. Der Radialverdichter 12 weist ein auf einer Welle 13 gelagertes Verdichterrad 14 mit Laufschaufeln 16 auf. Die Laufschaufeln 16 ragen in einen Strömungskanal, der durch Pfeile 18 markiert ist. Dieser Strömungskanal 18 wird zumindest im Bereich über den Laufschaufeln 16 radial nach aussen durch eine Einsatzwand 20 begrenzt. Die Einsatzwand 20 erstreckt sich einerseits axial begrenzt den Gaseintrittsbereich radial nach aussen, geht dann in einen den Konturen der Laufschaufeln angepassten Bereich über und bildet schliesslich mit einem sich etwa radial erstreckenden Bereich eine äussere Begrenzungswand des Strömungskanals 18 im Bereich eines stromab der Laufschaufeln 16 angeordneten Verdichterdiffusors 22. Der Verdichterdiffusor 22 weist Leitschaufeln 40 auf und ist mittels einer Schraube 23 einerseits mit der Einsatzwand 20 anderseits mit einem das Verdichterrad 14 umgebenden Verdichtergehäuse 24 verbunden. Das Verdichtergehäuse 14 weist einen äusseren Gehäuseteil 26 und eine Innenwand 28 auf. Die Innenwand 28 schliesst direkt an die den sich radial erstreckenden Bereich der Einsatzwand 20 an und umgibt radial aussen den sich axial erstreckenden Bereich der Einsatzwand 20. Das Verdichtergehäuse 24, ist gaseinlassseitig mit Hilfe einer Verbindung 30, die hier in Form einer Schraubverbindung ausgestaltet ist, mit einem vorgeschalteten Bauteil 32 verbunden. Dieses vorgeschaltete Bauteil 32 kann beispielsweise ein Ansaugstutzen oder ein Filterschaldämpfer sein.FIG. 1 shows in section along its machine axis 10 a compressor-side section of a turbocharger with a radial compressor 12. The radial compressor 12 has a compressor wheel 14 mounted on a shaft 13 with rotor blades 16. The blades 16 protrude into a flow channel, which is marked by arrows 18. This flow channel 18 is bounded at least in the area above the rotor blades 16 radially outwardly by an insert wall 20. The insert wall 20 extends on the one hand axially limited the gas inlet region radially outwards, then passes into a contour of the blades adapted area and finally forms with an approximately radially extending region an outer boundary wall of the flow channel 18 in The compressor diffuser 22 has guide vanes 40 and is connected by means of a screw 23 on the one hand to the insert wall 20 on the other hand with a compressor housing 24 surrounding the compressor wheel 14. The compressor housing 14 has an outer housing part 26 and an inner wall 28. The inner wall 28 connects directly to the radially extending portion of the insert wall 20 and radially outwardly surrounds the axially extending portion of the insert wall 20. The compressor housing 24 is gas inlet side by means of a compound 30, which is designed here in the form of a screw connection, connected to an upstream component 32. This upstream component 32 may be, for example, an intake manifold or a filter damper.

Im Falle eines Verdichterberstens wirkt das Verdichterrad 14 wie ein Keil zwischen dem Verdichterdiffusor 22 und der Einsatzwand 20. Die dadurch entstehenden, grossen axialen Kräfte werden bei diesem Radialverdichter 12 durch die Einsatzwand 20 auf die Innenwand 28 und weiter auf die Verbindung 30 übertragen. Bei zu grossen axialen Kräften hält die Verbindung 30 der plötzlichen Belastung nicht stand und das vorgeschaltete Bauteil 32 sowie die Innenwand 28 und die Einsatzwand 20 werden axial weggeschleudert.In the event of a compressor burst, the compressor wheel 14 acts as a wedge between the compressor diffuser 22 and the insert wall 20. The resulting large axial forces are transmitted in this radial compressor 12 through the insert wall 20 on the inner wall 28 and further on the connection 30. If the axial forces are too great, the connection 30 will not withstand the sudden load and the upstream component 32 as well as the inner wall 28 and the insert wall 20 will be ejected axially.

Bei einem erfindungsgemässe Turbolader mit Radialverdichter, von dem ein Teil der Verdichterseite analog zu der Darstellung in Fig. 1 in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, kann dies nicht passieren. Der Radialverdichter 12 mit dem Verdichterrad 14 den Laufschaufeln 16, der Einsatzwand 20, dem Verdichterdiffusor 22 und das Verdichtergehäuse 24, 26, 28 samt dem vorgeschalteten Bauteil 32 ist prinzipiell gleich aufgebaut, wie bei dem Turbolader aus dem Stand der Technik gezeigt in Fig. 1. Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik weist der erfindungsgemässe Turbolader für den Radialverdichter 12 aber eine Berstschutzvorrichtung 34 auf, die ein axiales Wegschleudern von Gehäuseteilen 28, der Einsatzwand 20 und vorgeschalteten Bauteilen 32 verhindert.In a turbocharger with radial compressor according to the invention, of which a part of the compressor side is shown analogously to the illustration in FIG. 1 in FIG. 2, this can not happen. The radial compressor 12 with the compressor wheel 14, the rotor blades 16, the insert wall 20, the compressor diffuser 22 and the compressor housing 24, 26, 28 together with the upstream component 32 is basically the same, as shown in the turbocharger of the prior art in Fig. 1st In contrast to the prior art, however, the turbocharger according to the invention for the centrifugal compressor 12 has a burst protection device 34 which prevents the housing parts 28, the insert wall 20 and upstream components 32 from being thrown off axially.

Die Berstschutzvorrichtung 34 umfasst die Einsatzwand 20, die den Strömungskanal 18 über den Laufschaufeln 16 des Verdichterrades 14 radial nach aussen begrenzt, wobei die Einsatzwand eine Sollbruchstelle 36 aufweist. Diese Sollbruchstelle 36 ist in dem in Fig. 2 gezeigten Beispiel im Bereich 38 zwischen dem sich axial und dem sich radial erstreckenden Bereich der Einsatzwand 20, und zwar zwischen den Laufschaufeln 16 des Verdichterrades 14 und den Leitschaufeln 40 des Verdichterdiffusors 22 angeordnet. Die Innenwand 28 weist in ihrem an den sich radial erstreckenden Bereich der Einsatzwand 20 anschliessenden Teil einen Anfangsradius Ra auf der etwa so gross oder etwas grösser ist wie der Radius Re der Einsatzwand 20 im Bereich der Sollbruchstelle 36. Von diesem Anfangsradius Ra aus verjüngt sich die Innwand 28 in einem ersten sich konisch stromauf verjüngenden Abschnitt 42 mit einer Steigung von etwa 5°. In einem zweiten, sich stromauf konisch verjüngenden Abschnitt 44, der sich stromauf an den ersten Abschnitt 42 anschliesst, verjüngt sich die Innenwand 28 mit einer Steigung von etwa 40°. Es sind noch weitere, sich konisch stromauf verjüngende Abschnitte 46 der Innwand 28 vorgesehen, die mit radial nach aussen von der Einsatzwand 20 abstehenden Bremselementen 48 zusammenwirken.The burst protection device 34 includes the insert wall 20 which defines the flow channel 18 radially outwardly beyond the rotor blades 16 of the compressor wheel 14, wherein the Insert wall has a predetermined breaking point 36. This predetermined breaking point 36 is arranged in the example shown in FIG. 2 in the region 38 between the axially and the radially extending portion of the insert wall 20, between the blades 16 of the compressor wheel 14 and the guide vanes 40 of the compressor diffuser 22. The inner wall 28 has in its adjoining the radially extending portion of the insert wall 20 part an initial radius Ra on which is about as large or slightly larger than the radius Re of the insert wall 20 in the region of the predetermined breaking point 36. From this initial radius Ra from the tapers Innwand 28 in a first conically upstream tapered portion 42 with a slope of about 5 °. In a second, upstream tapered section 44, which adjoins the first section 42 upstream, the inner wall 28 tapers at a pitch of about 40 °. There are further, conically tapered upstream portions 46 of the Innwand 28 are provided, which cooperate with radially projecting from the insert wall 20 extending braking elements 48.

In Fig. 3 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässe Berstschutzvorrichtung 34 dargestellt, bei der mehrere, der sich stromauf konisch verjüngenden Abschnitte 44, 46 als von der Innwand 28 radial nach innen abstehende Bremsnasen 50 ausgebildet sind.FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the burst-prevention device 34 according to the invention, in which a plurality of the radially tapered sections 44, 46 are formed as brake lugs 50 protruding radially inward from the inner wall 28.

Natürlich kann die Sollbruchstelle 36 auch an einer anderen Stelle im Bereich über den Laufschaufeln, zwischen dem sich axial und dem sich radial erstreckenden Bereich der Einsatzwand 20 oder sogar im stromauf gelegenen Bereich des sich radial erstreckenden Bereichs der Einsatzwand 20 angeordnet sein. Wenn nicht allzu grosse axiale Kräfte erwartet werden, ist es möglich nur die Sollbruchstelle 36 in der Einsatzwand 20 vorzusehen. Die konischen Steigungen der Innenwand können für den ersten Abschnitt 42 etwa im Bereich zwischen 5° und 30° und in den weiteren Abschnitten 44, 46 etwa im Bereich zwischen 5° und 50° liegen. Bremselemente 48 und Bremsnasen 50 sind vorzugsweise einstückig mit der Einsatzwand 20 bzw. mit der Innenwand 28 ausgebildet, wie dies in den Fig. 2 und 3 gezeigt ist. Sie können aber auch als separate Bauteile ausgeführt sein.Of course, the predetermined breaking point 36 may also be located elsewhere in the area above the blades, between the axially and radially extending portion of the insert wall 20, or even in the upstream portion of the radially extending portion of the insert wall 20. If not too great axial forces are expected, it is possible to provide only the predetermined breaking point 36 in the insert wall 20. The conical slopes of the inner wall may be approximately in the range between 5 ° and 30 ° for the first section 42 and approximately in the range between 5 ° and 50 ° in the further sections 44, 46. Brake elements 48 and brake lugs 50 are preferably formed integrally with the insert wall 20 and with the inner wall 28, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. But they can also be designed as separate components.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
Maschinenachsemachine axis
1212
Radialverdichtercentrifugal compressors
1313
Wellewave
1414
Verdichterradcompressor
1616
Laufschaufelblade
1818
Strömungskanalflow channel
2020
Einsatzwandinsert wall
2222
Verdichterdiffusorcompressor diffuser
2323
Schraubescrew
2424
Verdichtergehäusecompressor housing
2626
äusseres Gehäuseteilouter housing part
2828
Innenwandinner wall
3030
Verbindungconnection
3232
vorgeschaltetes Bauteilupstream component
3434
BerstschutzvorrichtungBurst-protection
3636
SollbruchstelleBreaking point
3838
stromab gelegener Bereichdownstream area
4040
Leitschaufelvane
4242
erster Abschnittfirst section
4444
zweiter Abschnittsecond part
4646
weitere Abschnittemore sections
4848
Bremselementbraking element
5050
Bremsnasebrake nose

Claims (9)

  1. Burst-protection arrangement of a radial-flow compressor of a turbocharger, having an insert wall (20) defining a flow passage radially on the outside above the moving blades of the compressor impeller, the insert wall (20) being surrounded radially by an inner wall (28) of a compressor casing (24), characterized in that the insert wall (20) has a predetermined breaking point (36) and the inner wall (28) has at least one first section (42) which narrows conically upstream and which starts approximately at the level of the predetermined breaking point (36) of the insert wall (20), to be precise with an initial radius (Ra) which is approximately the same size as or slightly larger than the radius (Re) of the insert wall (20) at the predetermined breaking point (36).
  2. Burst-protection arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined breaking point (36) is arranged in the region (38) between an axially extending region and a radially extending region of the insert wall (20).
  3. Burst-protection arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined breaking point (36) is arranged in the region between the moving blades (16) of the compressor impeller (14) and the guide blades (40) of the compressor diffuser (22).
  4. Burst-protection arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the predetermined breaking point (36) is designed in the form of a notch.
  5. Burst-protection arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inner wall (28) has further sections (44, 46) which narrow conically upstream.
  6. Burst-protection arrangement according to Claim 5, characterized in that the sections (42, 44, 46) have different slopes.
  7. Burst-protection arrangement according to one of Claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the further sections (44, 46) of the inner wall (28) which narrow conically upstream, in the event of the compressor impeller bursting, interact with braking elements (48) projecting radially outward from the insert wall (20).
  8. Burst-protection arrangement according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the sections (42, 44, 46) narrowing conically upstream are formed by braking lugs (50) projecting radially inwards from the inner wall (28).
  9. Turbocharger having a radial-flow compressor whose compressor impeller projects with its moving blades into a flow passage which is defined radially on the outside, at least above the moving blades, by an insert wall, characterized in that a burst-protection arrangement (34) according to one of Claims 1 to 8 is provided.
EP02719599A 2001-05-04 2002-04-30 Burst protection device for radial compressors pertaining to turbochargers Expired - Lifetime EP1383987B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH8162001 2001-05-04
CH816012001 2001-05-04
PCT/CH2002/000238 WO2002090722A1 (en) 2001-05-04 2002-04-30 Burst protection device for radial compressors pertaining to turbochargers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1383987A1 EP1383987A1 (en) 2004-01-28
EP1383987B1 true EP1383987B1 (en) 2006-01-04

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EP02719599A Expired - Lifetime EP1383987B1 (en) 2001-05-04 2002-04-30 Burst protection device for radial compressors pertaining to turbochargers

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EP (1) EP1383987B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4088161B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100865650B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1328482C (en)
DE (1) DE50205516D1 (en)
TW (1) TW576886B (en)
WO (1) WO2002090722A1 (en)

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JP2004525297A (en) 2004-08-19
KR20030092128A (en) 2003-12-03
JP4088161B2 (en) 2008-05-21
TW576886B (en) 2004-02-21
KR100865650B1 (en) 2008-10-29
CN1328482C (en) 2007-07-25
DE50205516D1 (en) 2006-03-30
EP1383987A1 (en) 2004-01-28
CN1537193A (en) 2004-10-13
WO2002090722A1 (en) 2002-11-14

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