EP1375882B2 - Method for operating a combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating a combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1375882B2
EP1375882B2 EP03009204A EP03009204A EP1375882B2 EP 1375882 B2 EP1375882 B2 EP 1375882B2 EP 03009204 A EP03009204 A EP 03009204A EP 03009204 A EP03009204 A EP 03009204A EP 1375882 B2 EP1375882 B2 EP 1375882B2
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Prior art keywords
actuator
voltage
nozzle needle
fuel
adjustment
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1375882A1 (en
EP1375882B1 (en
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Uwe Liskow
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, in which fuel is injected from an injection valve into a combustion chamber, in which a nozzle needle of the injection valve is adjusted by a piezoelectric actuator, wherein a hydraulic coupler is a coupling between Actuator and the nozzle needle manufactures, and in which the actuator for adjusting the nozzle needle and thus for the injection of fuel is acted upon by an electrical voltage.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding internal combustion engine and to a corresponding control device for an internal combustion engine.
  • Such a method and such an internal combustion engine are from the DE 199 03 555 C2 known.
  • the voltage applied to the actuator is switched off again. However, this does not mean that the voltage at the actuator immediately drops completely. Instead, a residual potential remains at the actuator whose size is unknown.
  • This residual potential may also be present before the next actuation of the actuator for the purpose of injecting fuel. This has the consequence that in this next control of the actuator, the amount of injected fuel is also dependent on the unknown residual potential.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and an internal combustion engine, which allow processing of the residual potential without additional effort.
  • the invention achieves this object by a method according to claim 1, a fuel machine according to claim 6 and a control device according to claim 7.
  • the first voltage sets the voltage at the actuator to a defined value.
  • the voltage applied to the actuator before the next activation is thus known and can be taken into account.
  • This is then achieved by adding the voltage with which the actuator is to be controlled additively to the first voltage. This results in a change in the voltage at the actuator exactly by the value that is provided. This ensures overall that the desired amount of fuel is injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine by the control with the added second voltage. An additional effort is not required.
  • the first voltage is chosen so small that the nozzle needle of the injector is not moved or adjusted in any case.
  • the first voltage is chosen to be so large that a residual potential which may still be present in the actuator from its last activation is exceeded in each case.
  • the invention may also be implemented in the form of a computer program stored on a digital electronic storage medium and whose program instructions are executable on a computer.
  • FIG. 1 a device is shown which is provided for an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine is provided with at least one injection valve, with which fuel is injected into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. On the fuel pressure is applied, which is adapted to the fuel during the compression phase of the internal combustion engine to inject into the combustion chamber.
  • the injection valve has a nozzle needle which can be reciprocated in the injection valve.
  • the fuel In an open state of the nozzle needle, the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in a closed state, no fuel is injected.
  • the amount of injected fuel depends on the position of the nozzle needle in the open state.
  • the injection valve has a piezoelectric actuator, which is provided for adjusting the nozzle needle.
  • a hydraulic coupler is provided between the actuator and the nozzle needle.
  • the actuator can be acted upon by an electrical voltage, which has a change in the extent of the actuator result. This change in extent is transferred to the nozzle needle, so that the nozzle needle transitions to its open state.
  • the amount of fuel injected depends on the position of the nozzle needle. This position in turn depends on the change in the extent of the actuator. The change in expansion is ultimately dependent on the change in the voltage applied to the actuator. The amount of injected fuel is thus a function of the change in the voltage applied to the actuator.
  • a voltage supply UV is provided which provides at least two voltages, namely a first voltage U1 and a second voltage U2.
  • a control unit SG controls a switch S, with which one of the two voltages U1, U2 is forwarded as actuator voltage UA.
  • the actuator voltage UA is applied to the piezoelectric actuator A of the injector described.
  • the power supply UV and the actuator A are in the FIG. 1 exemplified switched to ground.
  • the actuator voltage UA is plotted over the time t. Before a time t1, the size of the actuator voltage UA is unknown. After the time t1, the actuator voltage UA has the value of the first voltage U1. After a time t2, the actuator voltage UA has the value of the second voltage U2. The difference between the first voltage U1 and the second voltage U2 corresponds to a voltage US.
  • the first voltage U1 is selected to be so small that the nozzle needle of the injection valve is not moved or displaced in any case.
  • the first voltage U1 thus only leads to a change in the extent of the actuator A, which optionally has a change in the state of the hydraulic coupler result.
  • neither the change in the extent of the actuator A itself, nor the change in the state of the hydraulic coupler have a change in the position of the nozzle needle within the injector result.
  • the first voltage U1 can be determined in particular as a function of operating variables of the internal combustion engine, for example as a function of the pressure acting on the fuel.
  • the first voltage U1 can thus change over time.
  • the first voltage U1 is chosen to be so large that a residual potential that may still be present in the actuator A from its last activation is exceeded in each case. Such a residual potential may arise because the actuator A is not completely discharged after being subjected to a voltage.
  • the second voltage U2 is chosen as follows:
  • the amount of injected fuel is a function of the change in the voltage applied to the actuator A.
  • the change in the voltage applied to the actuator A is the voltage US. It is thus determined in a first step, which voltage US is required to obtain the desired amount of fuel to be injected. In a second step, this voltage US is then added to the first voltage U1. This results in the second voltage U2, which is then applied to the actuator A.
  • the position E of the injector nozzle needle is plotted over time t.
  • the reference character O denotes the opened state of the nozzle needle or of the injection valve and the reference symbol Z indicates the closed state.
  • the exact position of the nozzle needle within the injection valve in the opened state depends on the voltage applied to the actuator A.
  • the nozzle needle is in its closed state before the time t2. Especially during the period dt1 from the time t1 to the time t2, the position of the nozzle needle does not change from its closed state.
  • the duration dt1 is selected such that transient phenomena that have arisen in any way within the injection valve due to the first voltage U1 of the resulting change in the extent of the actuator A and the consequent change in the state of the hydraulic coupler, in any case have largely subsided.
  • the voltage US additionally applied to the actuator A at the time t2 causes the injector nozzle needle to move to its open state in accordance with the desired amount of fuel to be injected.
  • This movement or adjustment of the nozzle needle is delayed due to inertia of the entire system, according to the FIG. 2 for example, after a period dt2 after time t2.
  • Piezo actuators can be operated with voltage regulation, charge regulation or energy regulation. Irrespective of this, certain voltages U1, U2 are necessary in order to set a lift with a given current and an existing electrical capacitance of the actuator. The stroke is then controlled in further injection pulses to a setpoint. In this case, a certain current is impressed and it is a certain delta voltage U2-U1 and the knowledge about the voltage U1 needed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, bei dem Kraftstoff von einem Einspritzventil in einen Brennraum eingespritzt wird, bei dem eine Düsennadel des Einspritzventils von einem piezo-elektrischen Aktor verstellt wird, bei dem ein hydraulischer Koppler eine Kopplung zwischen Aktor und der Düsennadel herstellt, und bei dem der Aktor zur Verstellung der Düsennadel und damit zur Einspritzung von Kraftstoff von einer elektrischen Spannung beaufschlagt wird. Die Erfindung betrifft ebenfalls eine entsprechende Brennkraftmaschine sowie ein entsprechendes Steuergerät für eine Brennkraftmaschine.The invention is based on a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, in which fuel is injected from an injection valve into a combustion chamber, in which a nozzle needle of the injection valve is adjusted by a piezoelectric actuator, wherein a hydraulic coupler is a coupling between Actuator and the nozzle needle manufactures, and in which the actuator for adjusting the nozzle needle and thus for the injection of fuel is acted upon by an electrical voltage. The invention also relates to a corresponding internal combustion engine and to a corresponding control device for an internal combustion engine.

Ein derartiges Verfahren und eine derartige Brennkraftmaschine sind aus der DE 199 03 555 C2 bekannt.Such a method and such an internal combustion engine are from the DE 199 03 555 C2 known.

Dabei ist ebenfalls bekannt, dass zwischen der Menge des eingespritzten Kraftstoffs und der an dem Aktor angelegten Spannung ein funktionaler Zusammenhang besteht. Insbesondere ist die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge abhängig von der Änderung der an dem Aktor anliegenden Spannung.It is also known that there is a functional relationship between the amount of injected fuel and the voltage applied to the actuator. In particular, the amount of fuel injected depends on the change in the voltage applied to the actuator.

Nachdem der Kraftstoff von dem Einspritzventil in den Brennraum eingespritzt worden ist, wird die an den Aktor angelegte Spannung wieder abgeschaltet. Dies führt jedoch nicht dazu, dass die Spannung an dem Aktor sofort vollständig abfällt. Statt dessen verbleibt an dem Aktor ein Restpotential, dessen Größe unbekannt ist.After the fuel has been injected from the injection valve into the combustion chamber, the voltage applied to the actuator is switched off again. However, this does not mean that the voltage at the actuator immediately drops completely. Instead, a residual potential remains at the actuator whose size is unknown.

Dieses Restpotential ist auch vor der nächsten Ansteuerung des Aktors zum Zwecke der Einspritzung von Kraftstoff gegebenenfalls noch vorhanden. Dies hat zur Folge, dass bei dieser nächsten Ansteuerung des Aktors die Menge des eingespritzten Kraftstoffs auch von dem unbekannten Restpotential abhängig ist.This residual potential may also be present before the next actuation of the actuator for the purpose of injecting fuel. This has the consequence that in this next control of the actuator, the amount of injected fuel is also dependent on the unknown residual potential.

Es wäre möglich, die Größe des Restpotentials vor der nächsten Einspritzung zu messen. Ebenfalls wäre es möglich, durch entsprechende schaltungstechnische Maßnahmen zu gewährleisten, dass das Restpotential bei der nächsten Einspritzung tatsächlich Null ist. Beide Maßnahmen wären jedoch ersichtlich mit zusätzlichem Aufwand verbunden.It would be possible to measure the magnitude of the residual potential before the next injection. It would also be possible to ensure, by appropriate circuitry measures, that the residual potential in the next injection is actually zero. Both measures would obviously be associated with additional effort.

Aufgabe und Vorteile der ErfindungPurpose and advantages of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen, die eine Verarbeitung des Restpotentials ohne zusätzlichen Aufwand ermöglichen.The object of the invention is to provide a method and an internal combustion engine, which allow processing of the residual potential without additional effort.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1, eine Brennstofftmaschine nach dem Anspruch 6 und ein Steuergerät nach dem Anspruch 7.The invention achieves this object by a method according to claim 1, a fuel machine according to claim 6 and a control device according to claim 7.

Durch die erste Spannung wird die Spannung an dem Aktor auf einen definierten Wert gesetzt. Die vor der nächsten Ansteuerung an dem Aktor anliegende Spannung ist damit bekannt und kann berücksichtigt werden. Dies wird dann dadurch erreicht, dass diejenige Spannung, mit der der Aktor angesteuert werden soll, additiv zu der ersten Spannung hinzugefügt wird. Damit ergibt sich eine Änderung der Spannung an dem Aktor genau um denjenigen Wert, der vorgesehen ist. Dies gewährleistet insgesamt, dass durch die Ansteuerung mit der addierten, zweiten Spannung die erwünschte Menge an Kraftstoff in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird. Ein zusätzlicher Aufwand ist hierzu nicht erforderlich.The first voltage sets the voltage at the actuator to a defined value. The voltage applied to the actuator before the next activation is thus known and can be taken into account. This is then achieved by adding the voltage with which the actuator is to be controlled additively to the first voltage. This results in a change in the voltage at the actuator exactly by the value that is provided. This ensures overall that the desired amount of fuel is injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine by the control with the added second voltage. An additional effort is not required.

Die erste Spannung ist dabei derart klein gewählt, dass die Düsennadel des Einspritzventils in jedem Fall nicht bewegt oder verstellt wird. Die erste Spannung ist andererseits derart groß gewählt, dass ein Restpotential, das in dem Aktor von seiner letzten Ansteuerung gegebenenfalls noch vorhanden ist, in jedem Fall überschritten wird.The first voltage is chosen so small that the nozzle needle of the injector is not moved or adjusted in any case. On the other hand, the first voltage is chosen to be so large that a residual potential which may still be present in the actuator from its last activation is exceeded in each case.

Die Erfindung kann auch in der Form eines Computerprogramms realisiert werden, das auf einem digitalen, elektronischen Speichermedium abgespeichert ist, und dessen Programmbefehle auf einem Computer ablauffähig sind.The invention may also be implemented in the form of a computer program stored on a digital electronic storage medium and whose program instructions are executable on a computer.

Weitere Merkmale, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung, die in den Figuren der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Dabei bilden alle beschriebenen oder dargestellten Merkmale für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination den Gegenstand der Erfindung, unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den Patentansprüchen oder deren Rückbeziehung sowie unabhängig von ihrer Formulierung bzw. Darstellung in der Beschreibung bzw. in der Zeichnung.Other features, applications and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention, which are illustrated in the figures of the drawing. All described or illustrated features, alone or in any combination form the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their dependency and regardless of their formulation or representation in the description or in the drawing.

Ausführungsbeispiele der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

  • Figur 1 zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, und FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a device according to the invention for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, and
  • Figur 2 zeigt zwei schematische Zeitdiagramme von Signalen und Zuständen der Vorrichtung nach Figur 1. FIG. 2 Figure 2 shows two schematic timing diagrams of signals and states of the device FIG. 1 ,

In der Figur 1 ist eine Vorrichtung dargestellt, die für eine Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs vorgesehen ist. Die Brennkraftmaschine ist mit wenigstens einem Einspritzventil versehen, mit dem Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird. Auf den Kraftstoff wird ein Druck ausgeübt, der dazu geeignet ist, den Kraftstoff auch während der Verdichtungsphase der Brennkraftmaschine in den Brennraum einzuspritzen.In the FIG. 1 a device is shown which is provided for an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle. The internal combustion engine is provided with at least one injection valve, with which fuel is injected into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. On the fuel pressure is applied, which is adapted to the fuel during the compression phase of the internal combustion engine to inject into the combustion chamber.

Das Einspritzventil weist eine Düsennadel auf, die in dem Einspritzventil hin- und herbewegt werden kann. In einem geöffneten Zustand der Düsennadel wird der Kraftstoff in den Brennraum eingespritzt, in einem geschlossenen Zustand wird kein Kraftstoff eingespritzt. Die Menge des eingespritzten Kraftstoffs hängt von der Stellung der Düsennadel in dem geöffneten Zustand ab.The injection valve has a nozzle needle which can be reciprocated in the injection valve. In an open state of the nozzle needle, the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in a closed state, no fuel is injected. The amount of injected fuel depends on the position of the nozzle needle in the open state.

Das Einspritzventil weist einen piezo-elektrischen Aktor auf, der zur Verstellung der Düsennadel vorgesehen ist. Zum Zwecke der Kopplung ist zwischen dem Aktor und der Düsennadel beispielsweise ein hydraulischer Koppler vorgesehen. Der Aktor kann mit einer elektrischen Spannung beaufschlagt werden, die eine Änderung der Ausdehnung des Aktors zur Folge hat. Diese Änderung der Ausdehnung wird auf die Düsennadel übertragen, so dass die Düsennadel in ihren geöffneten Zustand übergeht.The injection valve has a piezoelectric actuator, which is provided for adjusting the nozzle needle. For the purpose of coupling, for example, a hydraulic coupler is provided between the actuator and the nozzle needle. The actuator can be acted upon by an electrical voltage, which has a change in the extent of the actuator result. This change in extent is transferred to the nozzle needle, so that the nozzle needle transitions to its open state.

Wie erwähnt wurde, ist die Menge des eingespritzten Kraftstoffs abhängig von der Stellung der Düsennadel. Diese Stellung ist wiederum abhängig von der Änderung der Ausdehnung des Aktors. Die Änderung der Ausdehnung ist schließlich abhängig von der Änderung derjenigen Spannung, die an dem Aktor anliegt. Die Menge des eingespritzten Kraftstoffs ist somit eine Funktion der Änderung der an dem Aktor anliegenden Spannung.As mentioned, the amount of fuel injected depends on the position of the nozzle needle. This position in turn depends on the change in the extent of the actuator. The change in expansion is ultimately dependent on the change in the voltage applied to the actuator. The amount of injected fuel is thus a function of the change in the voltage applied to the actuator.

Gemäß der Figur 1 ist eine Spannungsversorgung UV vorgesehen, die mindestens zwei Spannungen zur Verfügung stellt, und zwar eine erste Spannung U1 und eine zweite Spannung U2. Ein Steuergerät SG steuert einen Schalter S an, mit dem eine der beiden Spannungen U1, U2 als Aktorspannung UA weitergeschaltet wird. Die Aktorspannnung UA liegt an dem piezo-elektrischen Aktor A des beschriebenen Einspritzventils an. Die Spannungsversorgung UV und der Aktor A sind in der Figur 1 beispielhaft gegen Masse geschaltet.According to the FIG. 1 a voltage supply UV is provided which provides at least two voltages, namely a first voltage U1 and a second voltage U2. A control unit SG controls a switch S, with which one of the two voltages U1, U2 is forwarded as actuator voltage UA. The actuator voltage UA is applied to the piezoelectric actuator A of the injector described. The power supply UV and the actuator A are in the FIG. 1 exemplified switched to ground.

In dem oberen Diagramm der Figur 2 ist die Aktorspannung UA über der Zeit t aufgetragen. Vor einem Zeitpunkt t1 ist die Größe der Aktorspannung UA nicht bekannt. Nach dem Zeitpunkt t1 weist die Aktorspannung UA den Wert der ersten Spannung U1 auf. Nach einem Zeitpunkt t2 weist die Aktorspannung UA den Wert der zweiten Spannung U2 auf. Die Differenz zwischen der ersten Spannung U1 und der zweiten Spannung U2 entspricht einer Spannung US.In the upper diagram of the FIG. 2 the actuator voltage UA is plotted over the time t. Before a time t1, the size of the actuator voltage UA is unknown. After the time t1, the actuator voltage UA has the value of the first voltage U1. After a time t2, the actuator voltage UA has the value of the second voltage U2. The difference between the first voltage U1 and the second voltage U2 corresponds to a voltage US.

Die erste Spannung U1 ist einerseits derart klein gewählt, dass die Düsennadel des Einspritzventils in jedem Fall nicht bewegt oder verstellt wird. Die erste Spannung U1 führt also nur zu einer Änderung der Ausdehnung des Aktors A, die gegebenenfalls eine Veränderung des Zustands des hydraulischen Kopplers zur Folge hat. Weder die Änderung der Ausdehnung des Aktors A selbst, noch die Veränderung des Zustands des hydraulischen Kopplers haben jedoch eine Veränderung der Stellung der Düsennadel innerhalb des Einspritzventils zur Folge.On the one hand, the first voltage U1 is selected to be so small that the nozzle needle of the injection valve is not moved or displaced in any case. The first voltage U1 thus only leads to a change in the extent of the actuator A, which optionally has a change in the state of the hydraulic coupler result. However, neither the change in the extent of the actuator A itself, nor the change in the state of the hydraulic coupler have a change in the position of the nozzle needle within the injector result.

Die erste Spannung U1 kann insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine bestimmt werden, beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von dem auf den Kraftstoff einwirkenden Druck. Die erste Spannung U1 kann sich damit über der Zeit auch ändern.The first voltage U1 can be determined in particular as a function of operating variables of the internal combustion engine, for example as a function of the pressure acting on the fuel. The first voltage U1 can thus change over time.

Die erste Spannung U1 ist andererseits derart groß gewählt, dass ein Restpotential, das in dem Aktor A von seiner letzten Ansteuerung gegebenenfalls noch vorhanden ist, in jedem Fall überschritten wird. Ein derartiges Restpotential kann dadurch entstehen, dass der Aktor A nach einer Beaufschlagung mit einer Spannung nicht vollständig entladen wird.On the other hand, the first voltage U1 is chosen to be so large that a residual potential that may still be present in the actuator A from its last activation is exceeded in each case. Such a residual potential may arise because the actuator A is not completely discharged after being subjected to a voltage.

Wird der Aktor A vor dem Zeitpunkt t1 beispielsweise dadurch abgeschaltet, dass er auf Masse gelegt wird, so ist es möglich, dass die Spannung an dem Aktor A im Zeitpunkt t1 noch nicht vollständig abgefallen ist. Daraus resultiert dann das vorgenannte Restpotential. Die Größe dieses Restpotentials ist - wie bereits erwähnt wurde - nicht bekannt, was in der Figur 1 durch die punktierte Linie vor dem Zeitpunkt t1 angedeutet ist.If the actuator A is switched off before the time t1, for example, by being grounded, it is possible that the voltage at the actuator A has not yet completely dropped at the time t1. This then results in the aforementioned residual potential. The size of this residual potential is - as already mentioned - not known, which in the FIG. 1 is indicated by the dotted line before the time t1.

Die zweite Spannung U2 wird wie folgt gewählt:The second voltage U2 is chosen as follows:

Wie erwähnt wurde, ist die Menge des eingespritzten Kraftstoffs eine Funktion der Änderung der an dem Aktor A anliegenden Spannung. Bei der Änderung der an dem Aktor A anliegenden Spannung handelt es sich um die Spannung US. Es wird damit in einem ersten Schritt bestimmt, welche Spannung US erforderlich ist, um die erwünschte Menge an einzuspritzendem Kraftstoff zu erhalten. In einem zweiten Schritt wird dann diese Spannung US zu dem ersten Spannung U1 hinzuaddiert. Es ergibt sich die zweite Spannung U2, die dann an den Aktor A angelegt wird.As mentioned, the amount of injected fuel is a function of the change in the voltage applied to the actuator A. The change in the voltage applied to the actuator A is the voltage US. It is thus determined in a first step, which voltage US is required to obtain the desired amount of fuel to be injected. In a second step, this voltage US is then added to the first voltage U1. This results in the second voltage U2, which is then applied to the actuator A.

Wesentlich ist, dass die für die erwünschte Kraftstoffmenge erforderliche Spannung US nicht alleine den Aktor A beaufschlagt, sondern dass die Summe aus der Spannung US und der ersten Spannung U1 an den Aktor A angelegt wird. Damit wird erreicht, dass an dem Aktor A in jedem Fall - also unabhängig von jeglichem, möglicherweise vorhandenen Restpotential - eine Änderung der Spannung erfolgt, und zwar um diejenige Spannung US, die für die erwünschte Kraftstoffmenge erforderlich ist.It is essential that the voltage required for the desired amount of fuel US not only acted upon the actuator A, but that the sum of the voltage US and the first voltage U1 is applied to the actuator A. This ensures that at the actuator A in each case - that is, regardless of any, possibly existing residual potential - a change in the voltage takes place, by that voltage US, which is required for the desired amount of fuel.

In dem unteren Diagramm der Figur 2 ist die Stellung E der Düsennadel des Einspritzventils über der Zeit t aufgetragen. Mit dem Bezugszeichen O ist der geöffnete Zustand der Düsennadel bzw. des Einspritzventils und mit dem Bezugszeichen Z der geschlossene Zustand gekennzeichnet. Dabei hängt, wie bereits erwähnt wurde, die exakte Stellung der Düsennadel innerhalb des Einspritzventils in dem geöffneten Zustand von der an dem Aktor A angelegten Spannung ab.In the lower diagram of the FIG. 2 the position E of the injector nozzle needle is plotted over time t. The reference character O denotes the opened state of the nozzle needle or of the injection valve and the reference symbol Z indicates the closed state. In this case, as already mentioned, the exact position of the nozzle needle within the injection valve in the opened state depends on the voltage applied to the actuator A.

Wie aus der Figur 2 zu entnehmen ist, befindet sich die Düsennadel vor dem Zeitpunkt t2 in ihrem geschlossenen Zustand. Insbesondere während der Zeitdauer dt1 von dem Zeitpunkt t1 bis zu dem Zeitpunkt t2 ändert sich die Stellung der Düsennadel nicht aus ihrem geschlossenen Zustand.Like from the FIG. 2 can be seen, the nozzle needle is in its closed state before the time t2. Especially during the period dt1 from the time t1 to the time t2, the position of the nozzle needle does not change from its closed state.

Die Zeitdauer dt1 ist derart gewählt, dass Einschwingvorgänge, die aufgrund der ersten Spannung U1 der daraus resultierenden Änderung der Ausdehnung des Aktors A und der daraus gegebenenfalls sich ergebenden Änderung des Zustands des hydraulischen Kopplers in irgend einer Weise innerhalb des Einspritzventils entstanden sind, in jedem Fall weitgehend abgeklungen sind.The duration dt1 is selected such that transient phenomena that have arisen in any way within the injection valve due to the first voltage U1 of the resulting change in the extent of the actuator A and the consequent change in the state of the hydraulic coupler, in any case have largely subsided.

Wie erläutert wurde, hat die in dem Zeitpunkt t2 an den Aktor A zusätzlich angelegte Spannung US zur Folge, dass sich die Düsennadel des Einspritzventils in ihren geöffneten Zustand bewegt, und zwar entsprechend der erwünschten, einzuspritzenden Kraftstoffmenge. Diese Bewegung bzw. Verstellung der Düsennadel erfolgt aufgrund von Trägheiten des gesamten Systems verzögert, und zwar gemäß der Figur 2 etwa nach einer Zeitdauer dt2 nach dem Zeitpunkt t2.As has been explained, the voltage US additionally applied to the actuator A at the time t2 causes the injector nozzle needle to move to its open state in accordance with the desired amount of fuel to be injected. This movement or adjustment of the nozzle needle is delayed due to inertia of the entire system, according to the FIG. 2 for example, after a period dt2 after time t2.

Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die in der Figur 2 im oberen Diagramm dargestellten Spannungen, wie auch die im unteren Diagramm dargestellten Zustände bzw. Stellungen der Düsennadel des Einspritzventils stark schematisiert sind. Tatsächlich verändern sich die gezeigten Größen nicht sprunghaft, sondern kurvenförmig, insbesondere in der Form von Exponentialfunktionen.It should be noted that in the FIG. 2 in the upper diagram shown voltages, as well as the states or positions of the nozzle needle of the injection valve shown in the lower diagram are highly schematized. In fact, the variables shown do not change abruptly but curvilinearly, in particular in the form of exponential functions.

Weiterhin wird allgemein auf folgendes verwiesen:Furthermore, the following is generally referred to:

Piezoaktoren können mit Spannungsregelung, Ladungsregelung oder Energieregelung betrieben werden. Unabhängig davon sind bestimmte Spannungen U1, U2 nötig, um mit einem vorgegebenen Strom und einer vorhandenen elektrischen Kapazität des Aktors einen Hub zu stellen. Der Hub wird dann in weiteren Einspritzimpulsen auf einen Sollwert geregelt. Dabei wird ein bestimmter Strom aufgeprägt und es wird eine bestimmte Deltaspannung U2-U1 und die Kenntnis über die Spannung U1 benötigt.Piezo actuators can be operated with voltage regulation, charge regulation or energy regulation. Irrespective of this, certain voltages U1, U2 are necessary in order to set a lift with a given current and an existing electrical capacitance of the actuator. The stroke is then controlled in further injection pulses to a setpoint. In this case, a certain current is impressed and it is a certain delta voltage U2-U1 and the knowledge about the voltage U1 needed.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle,
    - in which fuel is injected into a combustion chamber by an injection valve,
    - in which a nozzle needle of the injection valve is adjusted by a piezo-electric actuator (A),
    - in which a hydraulic coupler brings about coupling between the actuator (A) and the nozzle needle,
    - and in which an electrical voltage is applied to the actuator (A) in order to adjust the nozzle needle and thus to inject fuel, characterized in
    - that a first voltage (U1) is applied to the actuator (A),
    - and that the first voltage (U1) leads to a modification of the expansion of actuator (A),
    - which results in a change of state of the hydraulic coupler but does not bring about any adjustment of the nozzle needle,
    - and that the first voltage (U1) is greater than a residual potential of actuator (A),
    - and in that, after a time period (dt1), a second voltage (U2), which brings about the adjustment of the nozzle needle, is applied to the actuator (A),
    - and that the second voltage (U2) is selected in such a way that the difference between the second and first voltages (U2, U1) corresponds approximately to that voltage (US) with which the actuator (A) has to be actuated for a desired adjustment of the nozzle needle, in order to obtain a desired amount of fuel to be injected.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first voltage (U1) is set as a function of operating variables of the internal combustion engine, in particular as a function of the pressure acting on the fuel.
  3. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the time period (dt1) is selected in such a way that transient reactions within the injection valve have sufficiently decayed.
  4. Computer program having programming instructions which are suitable for executing a method according to one of Claims 1 to 3 when they are executed on a computer.
  5. Computer program according to Claim 4, characterized in that it is stored on a digital, electronic storage medium, in particular a flash memory.
  6. Internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle,
    - having an injection valve for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber,
    - having a nozzle needle inside the injection valve,
    - having a piezo-electric actuator (A) for adjusting the nozzle needle,
    - with a hydraulic coupler, which brings about coupling between the actuator (A) and the nozzle needle,
    - and having a controller (SG) by means of which an electrical voltage can be applied to the actuator (A) in order to adjust the nozzle needle and thus to inject fuel, characterized in
    - that the controller (SG) is embodied in such a way that a first voltage (U1) is applied to the actuator (A),
    - in which the first voltage (U1) leads to a modification of the expansion of the actuator (A),
    - which results in a change of state of the hydraulic coupler but does not bring about any adjustment of the nozzle needle,
    - and that the first voltage (U1) is greater than a residual potential of actuator (A),
    - and in that, after a period (dt1), a second voltage (U2), which brings about the adjustment of the nozzle needle, is applied to the actuator (A),
    - and that the second voltage (U2) is selected in such a way that the difference between the second and first voltages (U2, U1) corresponds approximately to that voltage (US) with which the actuator (A) has to be actuated for a desired adjustment of the nozzle needle, in order to obtain a desired amount of fuel to be injected.
  7. Controller for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle,
    - in which the internal combustion engine is provided with an injection valve for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber,
    - and with a nozzle needle inside the injection valve,
    - and with a piezo-electric actuator (A) for adjusting the nozzle needle,
    - with a hydraulic coupler, which brings about coupling between the actuator (A) and the nozzle needle,
    - and wherein, by means of the controller (SG), an electrical voltage can be applied to the actuator (A) in order to adjust the nozzle needle and thus to inject fuel, characterized in
    - that the controller (SG) is embodied in such a way that a first voltage (U1) is applied to the actuator (A),
    - in which the first voltage (U1) leads to a modification of the expansion of the actuator (A),
    - which results in a change of state of the hydraulic coupler but does not bring about any adjustment of the nozzle needle,
    - and that the first voltage (U1) is greater than a residual potential of actuator (A),
    - and in that, after a time period (dt1), a second voltage (U2), which brings about the adjustment of the nozzle needle, is applied to the actuator,
    - and that the second voltage (U2) is selected in such a way that the difference between the second and first voltages (U2, U1) corresponds approximately to that voltage (US) with which the actuator (A) has to be actuated for a desired adjustment of the nozzle needle, in order to obtain a desired amount of fuel to be injected.
EP03009204A 2002-06-17 2003-04-23 Method for operating a combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP1375882B2 (en)

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DE10228063 2002-06-17
DE10228063A DE10228063A1 (en) 2002-06-17 2002-06-17 Method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle

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EP1375882B1 EP1375882B1 (en) 2005-03-16
EP1375882B2 true EP1375882B2 (en) 2008-11-19

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JP4363331B2 (en) * 2005-01-17 2009-11-11 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel injection system
DE102005046933B4 (en) * 2005-09-30 2015-10-15 Continental Automotive Gmbh Method for controlling a piezo-actuated injection valve
DE102007014330A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Drive circuit and driving method for a piezoelectric element
JP2009074373A (en) * 2007-09-19 2009-04-09 Hitachi Ltd Fuel injection controller of internal combustion engine
EP2077312A1 (en) 2007-12-17 2009-07-08 Nippon Oil Corporation Fuels for homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion engine
DE102008044741B4 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-10-14 Continental Automotive Gmbh Method and control device for controlling an injector

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JP4264303B2 (en) 2009-05-13
DE50300360D1 (en) 2005-04-21
EP1375882A1 (en) 2004-01-02
EP1375882B1 (en) 2005-03-16
DE10228063A1 (en) 2004-01-08

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