EP1329494B1 - Co-current gasifier - Google Patents

Co-current gasifier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1329494B1
EP1329494B1 EP03405016A EP03405016A EP1329494B1 EP 1329494 B1 EP1329494 B1 EP 1329494B1 EP 03405016 A EP03405016 A EP 03405016A EP 03405016 A EP03405016 A EP 03405016A EP 1329494 B1 EP1329494 B1 EP 1329494B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasifier
screw
gasifiers
vertical
gasified
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03405016A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1329494A2 (en
EP1329494A3 (en
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GAGGINI, CARLO
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Gaggini Carlo
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Publication of EP1329494A3 publication Critical patent/EP1329494A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a co-current gasifier as described in the prologue of claim 1.
  • the dimensions of the fireplace must be adapted to the average particle size of the fuel to be gasified.
  • Materials of small particle size such as vegetable, household or industrial remnants, prepared for gasification, (dried, shredded, homogenized to obtain a fuel whose properties are regular) therefore require, according to the condition mentioned above, that the dimensions of the home are also limited, thus limiting the power of such gasifiers.
  • the document US-A-4,987,115 discloses a co-current gasifier with a feed screw for fresh equipment to be gasified, with a substantially vertical auger carrying material to gasify from bottom to top, with a hearth disposed in the upper part of the outlet of the worm, with a gasification chamber disposed above the hearth, the hearth being constituted by the total circular section of the substantially vertical screw carrying the material and that the primary combustion air reaches the fireplace from the outside of its circular delimitation.
  • the document EP-A-0 565 935 describes a gas generator that contains a material circulation device that has already passed through the furnace and the gasification chamber and is not completely gasified, which carries this material into the fresh material to be gasified, to pass another times through the home.
  • the document FR-A-2 520 375 describes the modular coupling of different gasogens.
  • the present invention proposes to eliminate these drawbacks of known co-current gasogen technology, so as to be able to produce gas generators of medium and high power (of the order of at least 1 MWel) which guarantee the production of a gas without tars, dioxins and furans, in quantity and quality respectively constant concerning these perfect parameters, and to create, among other things, the ideal conditions for the use of synthesis gas for the production of electric energy supplied by engines internal combustion.
  • Another object of the invention is to prepare the ideal conditions for the manufacture of co-current gasifiers of varying power, as required, by providing modules of elements that can be coupled mechanically and / or activated as required.
  • a co-current gasifier which has the characteristic features of the part described in claim 1.
  • the hearth is constituted by the entire total circular surface of the vertical auger carrying the material from the bottom to the top, all the material is brought to a temperature of at least 1200 ° C, which is necessary and sufficient to ensure the "craking" of tars, etc.
  • the pos. 1 of the same fig. represents a worm for feeding fresh equipment. It transports the material from a feed hopper (better visible in Fig. 3) to bring it from the turns of a vertical worm 2 which carries this material from bottom to top.
  • the worm 2 is of course in a cylindrical housing 3, possibly with all the elements known to each person skilled in the art, elements intended to promote the correct transport of equipment from the bottom upwards.
  • the rotation shaft 4 of the screw 2 may be hollow, as shown in FIG. 1, for a reason that will be explained further.
  • the shaft 4 of the screw 2 is driven by a gear 5 and a helical gear 6.
  • the feed screw of the material 1, the cylindrical housing 3, the vertical shaft 4 of the vertical screw 2, as well as the gears 5 and 6 are supported respectively fixed in respectively to a frame 7, provided with the necessary housing, which can be equipped, as in the case of rotating shafts, linear or rotary ball bearings.
  • a hearth is created, according to the invention, understood by that, that in this zone, in the form of a solid disc, all the material that crosses it is forced to pass into a combustion zone, where it is heated to a temperature of at least 1200 ° C for a sufficient time.
  • a temperature of at least 1200 ° C for a sufficient time.
  • the outside air comes supplied by means of a fan (not indicated) and a feed tube 8, to a circular chamber 9 surrounding the upper edge of the housing 2 at a point located above the highest point of the turns of the vertical screw 2, where the material transported to gasify form a compact column. If the diameter of the vertical screw 2 does not exceed a certain dimension, mainly depending on the average particle size of the material to be gasified and preferably located, for optimum operation of the gasogen according to the present invention and for the combustion of wood chips.
  • the supply of air only from the outside can be sufficient to ensure the necessary and regular combustion on the whole surface of the hearth.
  • a primary combustion air supply to the lower part of the hearth that is to say to the lower central part of the disc which form the focus: to achieve this variant of the combustion air supply, it will suffice to provide that the shaft 4 of the vertical screw is, as already shown in FIG. 1, a hollow shaft fed from below, by means of the supply tube 10, air which passes through the shaft on which is fixed the gear 5, which shaft is hollow.
  • combustion air supply conditions in the furnace are particularly difficult (due for example to a relatively small particle size of the material to be gasified with respect to the diameter of the furnace, respectively of the vertical screw 2, or at a higher flow rate of the material to be gasified etc, ...) it may be useful, and may be necessary, to bring combustion air both from the outer part of the hearth and its lower part, or to its outer edge, or its lower central surface through the tubes 8 and 10. It is important that the material passes through the fireplace, as a compact column that will be heated in its entirety at a temperature above 1200 ° C for enough time.
  • a gasification chamber 11 disposed above the hearth, whose function is described in detail in the document EP-0565935 and that there is provided a circulation device 12 of the material which has already passed through the hearth and the gasification chamber 11.
  • a circulation device 12 which can assume various forms and which will be described in more detail, in its constructive and operating part, in a preferred embodiment, when the variants shown in FIGS. from 2 to 5, form of execution which allows to postpone the equipment to gasify in the fresh material not yet gasified, to pass it again through the hearth.
  • an electrical resistance 13 which serves to heat the primary combustion air for the ignition of the cold gasogen (resistance that will be put out of service at the time when the gasifier is operating normally) and the chamber of 14 in the expansion chamber 14 the flow rate of the product gas decreases and becomes more homogeneous before being conveyed through the outlet tube 15 to the consumer devices (boiler or engine etc, ,,,).
  • the gasification chamber 11 inside which a high temperature is desired for reasons repeated several times, is thermally insulated by a cushion of refractory insulating material 16.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 show precisely the possibility of coupling four gasogens and, in this regard, it should be mentioned that two gasogens put together, one against the other, as can be seen in the section of the fig. . 2, constitute an ideal basic module for the combination of such multiple gasifiers.
  • the right part of fig. 2 is perfectly equal and inverse to the one on the right.
  • the elements shown in fig. 2 are therefore exactly the same as those described in FIG. 1 and are no longer described separately.
  • the advantage of the combination of two coupled gas generators to form an ideal basic module lies in the fact that the feed screw of the material 1 and the helical gear 6 of the supply of the vertical screws 2 and 2 ', both horizontal and parallel to each other, can serve optimally to feed the two coupled gas generators, which greatly simplifies the construction of the device.
  • the device for rotating the screws 2 and 2 ' comprises, in the variant of FIG.
  • the feed screw 1 of the fresh material - analogously as described for the helical gear shaft 6 - is arranged in the vertical plane of symmetry of each ideal basic module of two coupled gas generators and that it even extends along the entire length of the gasification apparatus, collectively supplying all the gasifiers constituting said apparatus.
  • Figs. 1 to 4 is a particularly preferred form of the circulation device 12, 12 'of the material which has already passed through the furnace and gasification chambers 11, 11'.
  • a device comprises a horizontal evacuation screw 19, 19 'for each gasifier, disposed above the gasification chambers 11, 11', respectively between the gasification chambers 11, 11 'and the expansion chamber 14.
  • discharge screw 19,19 'of each gasifier whose axis is perpendicular to that of the feed screw 1, pushes the pyrolysed material (coal) and / or not yet completely gasified outside the room of gasification 11, 11 'of the gasifier and returns it to the area where the worm 2 or 2' is located.
  • the material to be circulated comes mixed with the fresh material fed by the feed screw 1 and passes through a hearth of another gasifier.
  • fig. 2 is shown a further detail, relating to the module formed by the coupling of two gasifiers, which shows how the primary combustion air passing through the tube 10 can be preheated, and cool said screw before entering the trees 4, 4 'of said gasifiers.
  • the air is pulsed by a fan (not shown) through the tube 20 on which are fixed the worm 19, 19 'of evacuation of the two gas producers composing the ideal basic module.
  • the combustion air is heated by conduction by the gas which rises towards the expansion chamber 14 and licks the tube 20.
  • the worm horizontal evacuation 19, 19 'of the two coupled gasogens, composing an ideal basic module move the circulating material as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the horizontal evacuation screws 19, 19 'of the two coupled gas generators forming an ideal basic module when they rotate in the normal direction, move the circulation material, towards the center of the module, in a vertical channel, to through which the circulating material descends on the feed screw of the fresh material 1.
  • Fig. 5 shows a later variant of two coupled gasifiers to form an ideal base module, the advantage of which is to reduce the bulk, especially in the lower part of the gasifier.
  • the axes of the two screws 25,26 of the two gasogens coupled to form an ideal basic module form between them an angle ⁇ of between 0 and 20 °.
  • the vertical screws 2, 2 ' are defined as being “substantially" vertical, but a slight inclination can not be excluded from the scope of the invention.
  • the gasifier according to the invention also offers the advantage when it is combined with other gasifiers to form a gasification apparatus of greater power, if it is intended to operate individually the essentially vertical screws 2, 2 'etc. it is possible, in a device composed of several gasifiers, to maintain in function only those who really serve at each moment, to adapt the apparatus to the energy productions actually necessary, respectively to the availability of the material to be gasified. For this purpose, it is sufficient to provide that in a solution such as that shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the gears 5, 5 'etc, individual screws 2, 2' etc, are connected with the respective shafts by a mechanical coupling or any other system, which allows to release them when it is desired to stop the operation of the gasogen corresponding. Another possibility, shown in the embodiment of FIG.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

A furnace is formed of the total circular section of the endless screw and the primary oxidizing air arrives in the furnace from outside its circular wall and/or in the center of the furnace. A co-current gasifier comprises an endless screw (1) feeding fresh material to be gasified, with a vertical endless screw (2) transporting material from bottom to top. The gasifier has a furnace at the top of the outlet from the endless screw, a gasification chamber (11) above the furnace and a device (12) for circulating the material which has already passed through the furnace and the gasification chamber and which is not completely gasified. This returns the material to the fresh material to be gasified so it can be sent across the furnace again. At least two gasifiers can be connected side to side and equipped with a collective turning device for the vertical endless screw. Two coupled gasifiers form a base module which itself can be coupled to a number of similar modules to form a gasification device containing a number of gasifiers. The vertical screws for all the gasifiers are driven by a collective turning device such as a horizontal axle (6) placed in the plane of symmetry of each pair of gasifiers, equipped with a helical gear for each pair of gasifiers and driving a gear fixed to the vertical axle of each screw in each gasifier. The feed screw is horizontal and is connected to the bottom of the vertical screw so as to push the material to be gasified to the base of the screw coils. The feed screw is placed in the vertical plane of symmetry for each pair of gasifiers and extends the length of the gasification device, collectively feeding all the gasifiers the device contains. The device for circulating material is a horizontal endless screw which pushes the material which has not yet been completely gasified out of the gasification chamber and returns it in the action zone of a vertical screw carrying the material from bottom to top. The horizontal evacuation screws of the pair of gasifiers are coaxial and feed the material in opposite directions towards the center of the module, where an opening (21) sends it to the vertical screw carrying fresh material. If the directions of rotation of the horizontal evacuation screws is reversed these move the incombustible material which needs to be eliminated out of the gasification device to where this material is removed. At least two modules are coupled together and preferably four or more. The diameter of the vertical transport screw is 100-200 mm and more. The axes of the screws of the coupled pair of gasifiers form an angle between them of alpha between 1-20 degrees.

Description

La présente invention concerne un gazogène à co-courant comme décrit dans le prologue de la revendication 1.The present invention relates to a co-current gasifier as described in the prologue of claim 1.

Pour mieux comprendre le sens de la présente invention il est nécessaire de tenir compte de quelques considérations préliminaires de caractère général relatives à la gazéification.To better understand the meaning of the present invention it is necessary to take into account some preliminary considerations of a general nature relating to gasification.

Il existe dans la pratique, et ils sont mentionnés dans la littérature des brevets, divers principes de fonctionnement des gazogènes, parmi les plus importants, on trouve ceux qui appliquent les principes de la gazéification à contre-courant et à co-courant. Dans les gazogènes à contre courant le gaz généré se déplace dans la direction opposée à celle du combustible frais. Ce type de gazogène présente les avantages et les inconvénients suivants :

  • avantages : température du gaz relativement basse teneur faible de poudres fines de charbon dans le gaz coûts de fabrication réduits.
  • inconvénients : teneur élevée de goudrons, dioxines et furanes dans le gaz, avec comme conséquence, des coûts élevés des installations de son nettoyage et risques de pollutions de l'environnement.
There exist in practice, and they are mentioned in the patent literature, various principles of operation of the gasifiers, among the most important ones, one finds those who apply the principles of gasification against the current and co-current. In countercurrent gasifiers the generated gas moves in the opposite direction to that of the fresh fuel. This type of gasifier has the following advantages and disadvantages:
  • Advantages: Relatively low gas content low temperature of coal fine powders in the gas reduced manufacturing costs.
  • disadvantages: high content of tars, dioxins and furans in the gas, with consequent high costs of the installations of its cleaning and risks of environmental pollution.

Dans les gazogènes à co-courant le gaz produit se déplace dans la même direction que le combustible frais. Ce type de gazogènes présente les avantages et les inconvénients suivants :

  • avantages : le gaz produit, si le gazogène est bien conçu, ne contient pratiquement pas de goudrons, de dioxines et de furanes et le nettoyage du gaz produit est beaucoup plus simple et moins onéreux que pour le traitement du gaz des gazogènes à contre courant, traitement nécessaire pour réduire les effets nocifs pour l'environnement.
  • inconvénients : leurs dimensions sont limitées et ne permettent pas de réaliser des installations de très grandes puissances. coûts de fabrication plus élevés teneur de poudre de charbon également plus importante.
In co-current gasifiers the produced gas moves in the same direction as the fresh fuel. This type of gasifier has the following advantages and disadvantages:
  • Advantages: the gas produced, if the gasifier is well designed, contains practically no tars, dioxins and furans and the cleaning of the product gas is much simpler and less expensive than for the treatment of countercurrent gazogen gas, treatment necessary to reduce the harmful effects on the environment.
  • disadvantages: their dimensions are limited and do not allow to realize installations of very great powers. higher manufacturing costs coal powder content also more important.

L'expérience avec les gazogènes à co-courant connus, desquels les plus performants sont les gazogènes à un foyer, appelé aussi chambre de combustion, de forme circulaire obtenue par un rétrécissement de la chambre d'alimentation du combustible, dans laquelle le combustible se déplace du haut vers le bas par gravité (il s'agit, pour la précision des gazogènes montés sur les véhicules durant les années quarante et alimentés en bois, type IMBERT) a ensuite permis de vérifier un principe de grande importance, c'est à dire que la gazéification à co-courant assure la production d'un gaz dans lequel sont absents les goudrons, les dioxines et les furanes, seulement à la condition qu'un certain rapport entre la surface du foyer et la granulométrie moyenne du combustible soit respectée.The experiment with the known co-current gasifiers, of which the most efficient are the gasifiers with a focus, also called combustion chamber, of circular shape obtained by a narrowing of the fuel supply chamber, in which the fuel is moves from top to bottom by gravity (it is, for the precision of gasifiers mounted on vehicles during the forties and fed with wood, type IMBERT) then allowed to verify a principle of great importance, it is that co-current gasification ensures the production of a gas in which tars, dioxins and furans are absent, provided that a certain ratio of the furnace surface to the average particle size of the fuel is respected. .

Cela signifie que les dimensions du foyer doivent être adaptées à la granulométrie moyenne du combustible à gazéifier. Les matériaux de petite granulométrie, comme par exemple les rémanents végétaux, ménagers ou industriels, préparés pour la gazéification, (séchés, déchiquetés, homogénéisés pour obtenir un combustible dont les propriétés sont régulières) exigent donc, selon la condition sus mentionnée, que les dimensions du foyer soient également limitées, limitant ainsi la puissance de tels gazogènes.This means that the dimensions of the fireplace must be adapted to the average particle size of the fuel to be gasified. Materials of small particle size, such as vegetable, household or industrial remnants, prepared for gasification, (dried, shredded, homogenized to obtain a fuel whose properties are regular) therefore require, according to the condition mentioned above, that the dimensions of the home are also limited, thus limiting the power of such gasifiers.

La raison scientifique concernant la valeur de la règle sus mentionnée est à rechercher dans le fait que, si la section du foyer est trop grande par rapport à la granulométrie moyenne du combustible, il est pratiquement impossible à garantir que tout le combustible soit porté à une température suffisante à assurer le « craking » des goudrons, des dioxines et des furanes qui seront entraînés dans le gaz.The scientific reason for the value of the above-mentioned rule is to be found in the fact that, if the section of the hearth is too large in relation to the average particle size of the fuel, it is practically impossible to guarantee that all the fuel is brought to a minimum. temperature sufficient to ensure the "craking" of tars, dioxins and furans that will be entrained in the gas.

Pour ces raisons il a déjà été proposé de réaliser un gazogène dont la chambre de combustion est de forme annulaire, alimentée en air comburant primaire aussi bien de l'extérieur que de l'intérieur.For these reasons, it has already been proposed to produce a gasifier whose combustion chamber is annular in shape, supplied with primary combustion air both from the outside and the inside.

Cette construction est décrite dans le brevet européen obtenu EP-0565935 . Cette solution présente encore l'inconvénient par le fait que, pour réaliser des installations de gazéification de plus grandes puissances, l'unique possibilité est d'augmenter le diamètre de la chambre de combustion annulaire, respectivement du foyer, mais il est évident, que cette possibilité a des limites bien claires, pour la simple raison qu'il est nécessaire de réaliser un foyer étroit à l'intérieur duquel doit tourner une vis sans fin centrale d'alimentation du matériel qui pousse ce dernier du bas vers le haut. Dans une telle construction, au delà d'un diamètre du foyer annulaire d'environ un mètre, il devient pratiquement impossible de garantir une alimentation constante et égale sur toute la circonférence du foyer. La conséquence est la formation de différences d'alimentation dans la colonne « tubulaire » dans laquelle se déplace le matériel ce qui entraîne des irrégularités dans la combustion, avec des zones de hautes et de basses températures et avec la conséquence négative supplémentaire du risque de formation de «canaux préférentiels » du passage de l'air à l'intérieur du combustible qui remplit la chambre de gazéification supérieure. Le tout fait que si on veut éviter ces irrégularités de gazéification (avec la formation de gaz nocifs), dans la réalisation des gazogènes EP 0565935 et selon l'expérience pratique, pour d'autres motifs encore, il est nécessaire de se tenir à des diamètres du foyer relativement limités et donc à des puissances assez réduites de production du gazogène.This construction is described in the European patent obtained EP-0565935 . This solution also has the disadvantage that, in order to make gasification plants of greater power, the only possibility is to increase the diameter of the annular combustion chamber, respectively of the hearth, but it is obvious that this possibility has very clear limits, for the simple reason that it is necessary to create a narrow hearth inside which a central worm screw feeds material that pushes the latter from bottom to top. In such a construction, beyond a diameter of the annular hearth of about one meter, it becomes virtually impossible to guarantee a constant and equal supply over the entire circumference of the hearth. The consequence is the formation of feeding differences in the "tubular" column in which the material moves, resulting in irregularities in the combustion, with zones of high and low temperatures and with the additional negative consequence of the risk of formation. "Preferred channels" of the passage of air inside the fuel that fills the upper gasification chamber. The fact is that if we want to avoid these irregularities of gasification (with the formation of harmful gases), in the production of gasifiers EP 0565935 and according to practical experience, for still other reasons, it is necessary to keep to relatively small diameters of the focus and therefore to relatively small powers of production of the gasifier.

Le document US-A-4 987 115 décrit un gazogène à co-courant avec une vis sans fin d'alimentation du matériel frais à gazéifier, avec une vis sans fin essentiellement verticale transportant le matériel à gazéifier du bas vers le haut, avec un foyer disposé dans la partie supérieure de la sortie de la vis sans fin, avec une chambre de gazéification disposée au dessus du foyer, le foyer étant constitué par la section circulaire totale de la vis essentiellement verticale transportant le matériel et que l'air comburant primaire arrive au foyer de l'extérieur de sa délimitation circulaire.The document US-A-4,987,115 discloses a co-current gasifier with a feed screw for fresh equipment to be gasified, with a substantially vertical auger carrying material to gasify from bottom to top, with a hearth disposed in the upper part of the outlet of the worm, with a gasification chamber disposed above the hearth, the hearth being constituted by the total circular section of the substantially vertical screw carrying the material and that the primary combustion air reaches the fireplace from the outside of its circular delimitation.

Le document EP-A-0 565 935 décrit un gazogène qui contient un dispositif de circulation du matériel qui a déjà passé au travers du foyer et la chambre de gazéification et qui n'est pas complètement gazéifié, qui reporte ce matériel dans le matériel frais à gazéifier, pour le faire passer une autre fois au travers du foyer.The document EP-A-0 565 935 describes a gas generator that contains a material circulation device that has already passed through the furnace and the gasification chamber and is not completely gasified, which carries this material into the fresh material to be gasified, to pass another times through the home.

Le document FR-A-2 520 375 décrit l'accouplement modulaires de différents gazogènes.The document FR-A-2 520 375 describes the modular coupling of different gasogens.

La présente invention se propose d'éliminer ces inconvénients de la technologie des gazogènes à co-courant connus, de manière de pouvoir réaliser des gazogènes de moyenne et haute puissance (de l'ordre d'au moins 1 MWél) qui garantissent la production d'un gaz sans goudrons, dioxines et furanes, en quantité et en qualité, respectivement constantes concernant ces paramètres parfaits, et de créer entre autre les conditions idéales de l'utilisation du gaz de synthèse pour la production d'énergie électrique fournie par des moteurs à combustion interne.The present invention proposes to eliminate these drawbacks of known co-current gasogen technology, so as to be able to produce gas generators of medium and high power (of the order of at least 1 MWel) which guarantee the production of a gas without tars, dioxins and furans, in quantity and quality respectively constant concerning these perfect parameters, and to create, among other things, the ideal conditions for the use of synthesis gas for the production of electric energy supplied by engines internal combustion.

Un autre but de l'invention est de préparer les conditions idéales pour la fabrication des gazogènes à co-courant de puissance variable, selon les nécessités, en prévoyant des modules d'éléments qui peuvent être accouplés mécaniquement et/ou activés selon les besoins.Another object of the invention is to prepare the ideal conditions for the manufacture of co-current gasifiers of varying power, as required, by providing modules of elements that can be coupled mechanically and / or activated as required.

Ces conditions sont résolues au mo0yen d'un gazogène à co-courant qui a les particularités caractéristiques de la partie décrite dans la revendication 1. Par le fait que le foyer est constitué par toute la surface circulaire totale de la vis sans fin verticale transportant le matériel du bas vers le haut, tout le matériel est porté à une température d'au moins 1200°C, laquelle est nécessaire et suffisante pour assurer le « craking » des goudrons etc, ...These conditions are solved by means of a co-current gasifier which has the characteristic features of the part described in claim 1. In that the hearth is constituted by the entire total circular surface of the vertical auger carrying the material from the bottom to the top, all the material is brought to a temperature of at least 1200 ° C, which is necessary and sufficient to ensure the "craking" of tars, etc.

D'autres avantages de l'invention seront en outre mentionnés dans les revendications qui seront mieux illustrées à l'aide des exemples d'exécutions.Other advantages of the invention will be further mentioned in the claims which will be better illustrated with the exemplary embodiments.

L'invention est maintenant mieux expliquée au moyen des figures annexées qui montrent quelques variantes d'application du présent concept inventif.The invention is now better explained by means of the appended figures which show some variants of application of the present inventive concept.

Les figures montrent :

  • la fig. 1 la vue en coupe d'un gazogène selon l'invention montrant schématiquement tous ses éléments essentiels .
  • la fig. 2 la vue en coupe d'un appareil de gazéification dans lequel quatre gazogènes à co-courant selon l'invention sont accouplés en deux modules pour former un appareil représenté schématiquement.
  • la fig. 3 l'appareil de gazéification selon la fig. 2 dans une section schématique perpendiculaire à celle de la fig.2 à travers un axe de rotation d'un des gazogènes représentés.
  • la fig. 4 la vue en plan de l'appareil de gazéification selon les fig. 2 et 3 dans une section schématique dans un plan légèrement au dessus du foyer de chacun des gazogènes.
  • la fig. 5 une vue en coupe semblable à celle de la fig. 2, d'une variante d'appareil de gazéification dans lequel deux gazogènes selon l'invention accouplés sont réciproquement inclinés pour former un V.
The figures show:
  • fig. 1 the sectional view of a gasogen according to the invention schematically showing all its essential elements.
  • fig. 2 the sectional view of a gasification apparatus in which four co-current gasifiers according to the invention are coupled in two modules to form a device shown schematically.
  • fig. 3 the gasification apparatus according to FIG. 2 in a schematic section perpendicular to that of FIG. 2 through an axis of rotation of one of the gasogens shown.
  • fig. 4 the plan view of the gasification apparatus according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in a schematic section in a plane slightly above the focus of each of the gasogens.
  • fig. A sectional view similar to that of FIG. 2, a variant of gasification apparatus in which two gasogens according to the invention coupled are reciprocally inclined to form a V.

Dans la fig. 1 tous les éléments nécessaires à composer un gazogène à co-courant, selon l'invention, sont représentés schématiquement.In fig. 1 all the elements necessary to compose a co-current gasifier, according to the invention, are shown schematically.

La pos. 1 de la même fig. représente une vis sans fin pour l'alimentation du matériel frais. Elle transporte le matériel en provenance d'une trémie d'alimentation (mieux visible dans la fig. 3) pour l'amener au départ des spires d'une vis sans fin verticale 2 laquelle transporte ce matériel du bas vers le haut. La vis sans fin 2 se trouve bien entendu dans un logement cylindrique 3, doté éventuellement de tous les éléments connus de chaque homme de métier, éléments destinés à favoriser le transport correct du matériel du bas vers le haut.The pos. 1 of the same fig. represents a worm for feeding fresh equipment. It transports the material from a feed hopper (better visible in Fig. 3) to bring it from the turns of a vertical worm 2 which carries this material from bottom to top. The worm 2 is of course in a cylindrical housing 3, possibly with all the elements known to each person skilled in the art, elements intended to promote the correct transport of equipment from the bottom upwards.

L'arbre de rotation 4 de la vis 2 peut être creux, comme indiqué dans la fig. 1, pour une raison qui sera expliquée plus avant. L'arbre 4 de la vis 2 est entraîné par un engrenage 5 et un engrenage hélicoïdal 6. La vis d'alimentation du matériel 1, le logement cylindrique 3, l'arbre vertical 4 de la vis verticale 2, de même que les engrenages 5 et 6 sont supportés, respectivement fixés, dans, respectivement à, un bâti 7, doté des logements nécessaires, qui peuvent être équipés, comme dans le cas des arbres tournants, des paliers à billes linéaires ou rotatifs.The rotation shaft 4 of the screw 2 may be hollow, as shown in FIG. 1, for a reason that will be explained further. The shaft 4 of the screw 2 is driven by a gear 5 and a helical gear 6. The feed screw of the material 1, the cylindrical housing 3, the vertical shaft 4 of the vertical screw 2, as well as the gears 5 and 6 are supported respectively fixed in respectively to a frame 7, provided with the necessary housing, which can be equipped, as in the case of rotating shafts, linear or rotary ball bearings.

A la partie supérieure de la vis verticale 2, formée d'une section circulaire complètement libre de tout élément gênant, un foyer est créé, selon l'invention, entendu par là, que dans cette zone, en forme de disque plein, tout le matériel qui la traverse est contraint de passer dans une zone de combustion, où il est porté à la température d'au moins 1200°C pendant un temps suffisant. Pour obtenir cette condition sur toute la section du foyer il est nécessaire d'amener l'air comburant de manière régulière sur toute la section du foyer, donc en forme de disque, ce qu'il est possible d'obtenir, soit par une alimentation par la partie circulaire extérieure, c'est à dire par le bord extérieur, soit par la partie inférieure de la section du foyer, ou encore par une combinaison des deux possibilités, considérée comme variante possible.At the upper part of the vertical screw 2, formed of a circular section completely free of any annoying element, a hearth is created, according to the invention, understood by that, that in this zone, in the form of a solid disc, all the material that crosses it is forced to pass into a combustion zone, where it is heated to a temperature of at least 1200 ° C for a sufficient time. To obtain this condition over the entire section of the fireplace it is necessary to bring the combustion air evenly over the entire section of the fireplace, so in the form of a disc, which is possible to obtain, either by a food by the outer circular part, that is to say by the outer edge, either by the lower part of the section of the hearth, or by a combination of the two possibilities, considered as possible variant.

Pour amener l'air comburant à l'extérieur de la partie circulaire du foyer il est possible de prévoir, comme montré dans la fig. 1 dans une variante possible d'exécution, que l'air extérieur vienne alimenté au moyen d'un ventilateur (pas indiqué) et un tube d'alimentation 8, à une chambre circulaire 9 entourant le bord supérieur du logement 2 en un point situé au dessus du point le plus haut des spires de la vis verticale 2, où le matériel transporté à gazéifier forme une colonne compacte. Si le diamètre de la vis verticale 2 ne dépasse pas une certaine dimension, principalement fonction de la granulométrie moyenne du matériel à gazéifier et se situant de préférence, pour un fonctionnement optimal du gazogène selon la présente invention et pour la combustion de plaquettes de bois de dimensions approximatives du cm, de 100 à 200 mm et plus, l'apport d'air seulement de l'extérieur peut être suffisant pour assurer la combustion nécessaire et régulière sur toute la surface su foyer. En outre, selon la présente invention, il est également prévu un apport d'air primaire de combustion à la partie inférieure du foyer, c'est à dire à la partie centrale inférieure du disque qui forme le foyer : pour réaliser cette variante de l'alimentation en air comburant, il suffira de prévoir que l'arbre 4 de la vis verticale soit, comme déjà montré dans la fig. 1, un arbre creux alimenté par le bas, au moyen du tube d'alimentation 10, en air qui passe à travers l'arbre sur lequel est fixé l'engrenage 5, arbre qui est donc creux.To bring the combustion air outside the circular part of the hearth it is possible to provide, as shown in FIG. 1 in a possible variant embodiment, that the outside air comes supplied by means of a fan (not indicated) and a feed tube 8, to a circular chamber 9 surrounding the upper edge of the housing 2 at a point located above the highest point of the turns of the vertical screw 2, where the material transported to gasify form a compact column. If the diameter of the vertical screw 2 does not exceed a certain dimension, mainly depending on the average particle size of the material to be gasified and preferably located, for optimum operation of the gasogen according to the present invention and for the combustion of wood chips. Approximate dimensions of the cm, from 100 to 200 mm and more, the supply of air only from the outside can be sufficient to ensure the necessary and regular combustion on the whole surface of the hearth. In addition, according to the present invention, it is also provided a primary combustion air supply to the lower part of the hearth, that is to say to the lower central part of the disc which form the focus: to achieve this variant of the combustion air supply, it will suffice to provide that the shaft 4 of the vertical screw is, as already shown in FIG. 1, a hollow shaft fed from below, by means of the supply tube 10, air which passes through the shaft on which is fixed the gear 5, which shaft is hollow.

Il faut encore noter que, si les conditions d'alimentation en air comburant dans le foyer sont particulièrement difficiles (dues par exemple à une granulométrie relativement petite du matériel à gazéifier par rapport au diamètre du foyer, respectivement de la vis verticale 2, ou encore à un débit plus important du matériel à gazéifier etc, ...) il peut être utile, et peut être nécessaire, d'apporter de l'air comburant aussi bien de la partie extérieure du foyer que de sa partie inférieure, soit à son bord extérieur, soit à sa surface centrale inférieure par l'intermédiaire des tubes 8 et 10. Il est important que le matériel traverse le foyer, en tant que colonne compacte qui sera chauffée dans toute sa masse à une température supérieure à 1200°C pendant un temps suffisant. Selon l'invention, il est nécessaire de compléter le gazogène et selon l'Etat de la Technique connue, par une chambre de gazéification 11 disposée au dessus du foyer, dont la fonction est décrite en détail dans le document EP-0565935 et qu'il soit prévu un dispositif de circulation 12 du matériel qui a déjà passé à travers le foyer et la chambre de gazéification 11. Un tel dispositif de circulation 12, qui peut assumer diverse formes et qui sera décrit plus en détail, dans sa partie constructive et de fonctionnement, dans une forme d'exécution préférée, quand seront décrites les variantes représentée dans les fig. de 2 à 5, forme d'exécution qui permet de reporter le matériel gazéifier dans le matériel frais non encore gazéifié, pour le faire passer une autre fois à travers le foyer.It should also be noted that, if the combustion air supply conditions in the furnace are particularly difficult (due for example to a relatively small particle size of the material to be gasified with respect to the diameter of the furnace, respectively of the vertical screw 2, or at a higher flow rate of the material to be gasified etc, ...) it may be useful, and may be necessary, to bring combustion air both from the outer part of the hearth and its lower part, or to its outer edge, or its lower central surface through the tubes 8 and 10. It is important that the material passes through the fireplace, as a compact column that will be heated in its entirety at a temperature above 1200 ° C for enough time. According to the invention, it is necessary to complete the gasifier and according to the state of the prior art, by a gasification chamber 11 disposed above the hearth, whose function is described in detail in the document EP-0565935 and that there is provided a circulation device 12 of the material which has already passed through the hearth and the gasification chamber 11. Such a circulation device 12, which can assume various forms and which will be described in more detail, in its constructive and operating part, in a preferred embodiment, when the variants shown in FIGS. from 2 to 5, form of execution which allows to postpone the equipment to gasify in the fresh material not yet gasified, to pass it again through the hearth.

Dans la fig. 1 on distingue en outre divers éléments, pas indispensables pour la définition du gazogène selon l'invention, éléments qui sont seulement mentionnés. Il s'agit par exemple d'une résistance électrique 13, qui sert à chauffer l'air comburant primaire pour l'allumage du gazogène froid (résistance qui sera mise hors service au moment où le gazogène fonctionne normalement) ainsi que de la chambre de détente 14 munie du tube de sortie 15. Dans la chambre de détente 14 la vitesse de passage du gaz produit diminue et devient plus homogène avant d'être acheminé à travers le tube de sortie 15 vers les appareils de consommation (chaudière ou moteur etc, ,,,). La chambre de gazéification 11 à l'intérieur de laquelle une haute température est désirée pour des motifs plusieurs fois répétés, est isolée thermiquement par un coussin de matériel isolant réfractaire 16.In fig. 1 there are also various elements, not essential for the definition of the gasifier according to the invention, elements that are only mentioned. This is for example an electrical resistance 13, which serves to heat the primary combustion air for the ignition of the cold gasogen (resistance that will be put out of service at the time when the gasifier is operating normally) and the chamber of 14 in the expansion chamber 14 the flow rate of the product gas decreases and becomes more homogeneous before being conveyed through the outlet tube 15 to the consumer devices (boiler or engine etc, ,,,). The gasification chamber 11 inside which a high temperature is desired for reasons repeated several times, is thermally insulated by a cushion of refractory insulating material 16.

Dans la fig. 1 un gazogène unique y est représenté doté de tous les éléments indispensables à la réalisation du concept de base inventif de la présente invention.In fig. 1 a unique gasifier is shown there having all the elements essential to the realization of the basic concept of the invention.

Son fonctionnement est en tous points similaire à celui de EP-0565935 , auquel il est fait référence par une description détaillée. Avec cependant une différence fondamentale qui est celle sur laquelle se basent les avantages de la présente invention comparée à l'Etat de la Technique : tandis que dans EP-0565935 le foyer avait une forme annulaire, avec comme conséquence de comporter tous les inconvénients cités dans l'introduction pour cette forme de foyer, celui du gazogène de la présente invention est constitué d'une section circulaire complète de la vis verticale 2 et son diamètre, dimensionné en fonction de la granulométrie moyenne du matériel, est relativement petit, étant compris essentiellement de 100 à 200 mm et plus. Avec ces dimensions limitées on a constaté dans la pratique, qu'un tel gazogène développe facilement des puissances de 250 kWél. et plus. En accouplant plusieurs gazogènes, pour lesquels les conditions idéales seront indiquées plus avant comme on le verra par la suite, permet de réaliser des appareils de gazéification de puissances très élevées (par exemple, en accouplant 10 gazogènes on obtient un appareil de gazéification de 2,5 MWél. et plus).Its operation is in all respects similar to that of EP-0565935 , which is referred to by a detailed description. With however a fundamental difference which is the one on which are based the advantages of the present invention compared to the state of the art: while in EP-0565935 the hearth had an annular shape, with the consequence of having all the disadvantages mentioned in the introduction for this form of focus, that of the gasifier of the present invention consists of a complete circular section of the vertical screw 2 and its diameter, sized according to the average particle size of the material, is relatively small, being comprised essentially from 100 to 200 mm and more. With these limited dimensions it has been found in practice that such a gasifier easily develops powers of 250 kWel. and more. By coupling several gasifiers, for which the ideal conditions will be indicated further, as will be seen later on, makes it possible to produce gasification apparatus of very high power (for example, by coupling 10 gasifiers, a gasification apparatus of 2 is obtained. MWel and above).

Les figures 2, 3 et 4 montrent précisément la possibilité d'accoupler quatre gazogènes et, à ce sujet, il faut mentionner que deux gazogènes mis ensembles, l'un contre l'autre, comme on peut le voir dans la section de la fig. 2, constituent un module de base idéal pour la combinaison de tels gazogènes multiples.Figures 2, 3 and 4 show precisely the possibility of coupling four gasogens and, in this regard, it should be mentioned that two gasogens put together, one against the other, as can be seen in the section of the fig. . 2, constitute an ideal basic module for the combination of such multiple gasifiers.

La partie droite de la fig. 2 est parfaitement égale et inverse à celle de droite. Les éléments représentés dans la fig. 2 sont donc exactement les mêmes que ceux décrits dans la fig. 1 et ne sont plus décrits séparément. On se limitera donc à décrire les aspects nouveaux de cette combinaison de deux gazogènes de base accouplés, qui constituent un module de base idéal pour réaliser la combinaison de gazogènes multiples. L'avantage de la combinaison de deux gazogènes accouplés pour former un module de base idéal réside dans le fait que la vis sans fin d'alimentation du matériel 1 et l'engrenage hélicoïdal 6 de l'alimentation des vis verticales 2 et 2', toutes deux horizontales et parallèles entre elles, peuvent servir de manière optimale à alimenter les deux gazogènes accouplés, ce qui simplifie considérablement la construction de l'appareil. Le dispositif de rotation des vis 2 et 2' comprend, dans la variante de la fig. 2, un engrenage hélicoïdal horizontal 6 et deux engrenages 5 et 5' solidaires des arbres verticaux des deux vis 2 et 2'. Il est par ailleurs clair que ce dispositif d'entraînement des vis 2 et 2' des deux gazogènes accouplés 5 et 5' est seulement une des plusieurs variantes possibles des solutions du problème d'entraînement, même si on peut considérer cette solution comme étant parfaite. D'autres solutions, comme par exemple, l'utilisation d'engrenages coniques ou courroies dentées de transmission, etc, ... peuvent être en outre utilisées dans la réalisation d'un module de base idéal similaire à celui montré dans la fig. 2.The right part of fig. 2 is perfectly equal and inverse to the one on the right. The elements shown in fig. 2 are therefore exactly the same as those described in FIG. 1 and are no longer described separately. We will therefore limit ourselves to describing the new aspects of this combination of two coupled basic gasogens, which constitute an ideal basic module for achieving the combination of multiple gasogens. The advantage of the combination of two coupled gas generators to form an ideal basic module lies in the fact that the feed screw of the material 1 and the helical gear 6 of the supply of the vertical screws 2 and 2 ', both horizontal and parallel to each other, can serve optimally to feed the two coupled gas generators, which greatly simplifies the construction of the device. The device for rotating the screws 2 and 2 'comprises, in the variant of FIG. 2, a horizontal helical gear 6 and two gears 5 and 5 'integral with the vertical shafts of the two screws 2 and 2'. It is also clear that this screw drive device 2 and 2 'of the two coupled gasogens 5 and 5' is only one of several possible variants of the drive problem solutions, although this solution can be considered as being perfect . Other solutions, such as, for example, the use of bevel gears or transmission timing belts, etc., can also be used in the production of an ideal basic module similar to that shown in FIG. 2.

Il est dès lors évident qu'en accouplant un nombre quelconque de modules de base idéaux comme celui représenté dans la fig. 2, -comme on le voit par exemple dans les fig. 3 et 4, dans lesquelles il apparaît clairement que deux modules de base idéaux ont été accouplés pour constituer un appareil de gazéification comprenant quatre gazogènes selon l'invention - les éléments d'entraînement des vis verticales de tous les gazogènes accouplés peuvent être actionnés par un seul dispositif rotatif, c'est à dire, dans le cas décrit, par un seul engrenage hélicoïdal qui se prolonge, en tant qu'arbre horizontal, le long du plan de symétrie de chaque couple de gazogènes, arbre indiqué par le n° 6 et qui, en correspondance de chaque couples de gazogènes, est pourvu d'un engrenage hélicoïdal.It is therefore obvious that by coupling any number of ideal base modules like that shown in FIG. 2, as seen for example in FIGS. 3 and 4, in which it is clear that two ideal basic modules have been coupled to form a gasification apparatus comprising four gasifiers according to the invention - the drive elements of the vertical screws of all the coupled gasogens can be actuated by a only rotating device, that is to say, in the case described, by a single helical gear which extends, as a horizontal shaft, along the plane of symmetry of each pair of gasogens, shaft indicated by No. 6 and which, in correspondence of each pair of gasogens, is provided with a helical gear.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférentielle de l'invention il est prévu qu'également la vis d'alimentation 1 du matériel frais - de manière analogue comme décrit pour l'arbre des engrenages hélicoïdaux 6 - soit disposée dans le plan vertical de symétrie de chaque module de base idéal de deux gazogènes accouplés et qu'elle même se prolonge le long de toute la longueur de l'appareil de gazéification, alimentant collectivement tous les gazogènes constituant le dit appareil.In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is also provided that the feed screw 1 of the fresh material - analogously as described for the helical gear shaft 6 - is arranged in the vertical plane of symmetry of each ideal basic module of two coupled gas generators and that it even extends along the entire length of the gasification apparatus, collectively supplying all the gasifiers constituting said apparatus.

Des fig. 1 à 4 on voit une forme particulièrement préférentielle du dispositif de circulation 12, 12' du matériel qui a déjà traversé le foyer et les chambres de gazéification 11, 11'. Un tel dispositif comprend une vis sans fin horizontale d'évacuation 19, 19' pour chaque gazogène, disposée au dessus des chambres de gazéification 11, 11', respectivement entre les chambres de gazéification 11, 11' et la chambre de détente 14. La vis sans fin d'évacuation 19,19' de chaque gazogène, dont l'axe est perpendiculaire à celui de la vis d'alimentation 1, pousse le matériel pyrolysé (charbon) et/ou pas encore complètement gazéifié à l'extérieur de la chambre de gazéification 11, 11' du gazogène et le fait retourner dans la zone où se trouve la vis sans fin 2 ou 2'. De cette manière le matériel à faire circuler vient mélangé avec le matériel frais alimenté par la vis d'alimentation 1 et passe à travers un foyer d'un autre gazogène.Figs. 1 to 4 is a particularly preferred form of the circulation device 12, 12 'of the material which has already passed through the furnace and gasification chambers 11, 11'. Such a device comprises a horizontal evacuation screw 19, 19 'for each gasifier, disposed above the gasification chambers 11, 11', respectively between the gasification chambers 11, 11 'and the expansion chamber 14. discharge screw 19,19 'of each gasifier, whose axis is perpendicular to that of the feed screw 1, pushes the pyrolysed material (coal) and / or not yet completely gasified outside the room of gasification 11, 11 'of the gasifier and returns it to the area where the worm 2 or 2' is located. In this way the material to be circulated comes mixed with the fresh material fed by the feed screw 1 and passes through a hearth of another gasifier.

Par ailleurs, dans la fig. 2 est représenté un détail supplémentaire, concernant le module formé par l'accouplement de deux gazogènes, qui montre comment l'air comburant primaire qui passe au travers du tube 10 peut être préchauffé, et refroidir la dite vis avant d'entrer dans les arbres 4, 4' des dits gazogènes. A telle fin, l'air est pulsé par un ventilateur (non montré) à travers le tube 20 sur lequel sont fixées les vis sans fin 19, 19' d'évacuation des deux gazogènes composant le module de base idéal. En passant dans le tube 20 l'air comburant est chauffé par conduction par le gaz qui monte vers la chambre de détente 14 et lèche le tube 20. Selon une forme d'exécution préférentielle de l'invention il est prévu que les vis sans fin horizontales d'évacuation 19, 19' des deux gazogènes accouplés, composant un module de base idéal, déplacent le matériel en circulation comme le montrent les fig. 2 et 3.Moreover, in fig. 2 is shown a further detail, relating to the module formed by the coupling of two gasifiers, which shows how the primary combustion air passing through the tube 10 can be preheated, and cool said screw before entering the trees 4, 4 'of said gasifiers. For this purpose, the air is pulsed by a fan (not shown) through the tube 20 on which are fixed the worm 19, 19 'of evacuation of the two gas producers composing the ideal basic module. By passing through the tube 20 the combustion air is heated by conduction by the gas which rises towards the expansion chamber 14 and licks the tube 20. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that the worm horizontal evacuation 19, 19 'of the two coupled gasogens, composing an ideal basic module, move the circulating material as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

Selon une forme ultérieure de réalisation préférentielle, montrée par la fig. 4, les vis sans fin horizontales d'évacuation19, 19' des deux gazogènes accouplés formant un module de base idéal, quand elles tournent dans le sens normal, déplacent le matériel de circulation, vers le centre du module, dans un canal vertical, à travers lequel le matériel en circulation descend sur la vis d'alimentation du matériel frais 1.According to a further preferred embodiment, shown in FIG. 4, the horizontal evacuation screws 19, 19 'of the two coupled gas generators forming an ideal basic module, when they rotate in the normal direction, move the circulation material, towards the center of the module, in a vertical channel, to through which the circulating material descends on the feed screw of the fresh material 1.

Selon une variante ultérieure d'exécution préférentielle il est en outre prévu que, si l'on inverse le sens de rotation des vis sans fin horizontales d'évacuation du matériel des deux gazogènes accouplés 19, 19', formant un module de base idéal (voir fig. 2), ces dernières déplacent le matériel incombustible vers l'extérieur de l'appareil de gazéification, où le déchet est éliminé. En effet on doit considérer que chaque combustible produit des déchets, sous forme de scories, cendres et restes de matériaux incombustibles lesquels, même s'ils passent plusieurs fois dans le foyer grâce au dispositif de circulation, restent dans leur état initial et pourraient obstruer le gazogène. Ces matériaux qui sont recueillis à la partie supérieure des chambres de gazéification 11, 11', doivent être évacués de temps en temps, ce qui peut être obtenu en profitant de la présence des vis sans fin d'évacuation 19, 19' lesquelles servent normalement à faire circuler le matériel à recycler comme il a été expliqué plus avant, mais que, si l'on inverse le sens de rotation , peuvent servir avantageusement à éloigner du gazogène les déchets, c'est à dire les scories et autres déchets incombustibles. La fig. 2 ne montre pas le dispositif qui éloigne les incombustibles à l'extrémité des vis sans fin d'évacuation 19, 19', pour la simple raison que l'exécution d'un tel dispositif (canal de ramassage, système d'aspiration etc, ...) est à la portée de chaque homme de métier. Dans la fig. 5 on peut voir deux tubes 27, 28 qui peuvent servir dans ce but.According to a further variant of preferred embodiment, it is furthermore provided that, if the direction of rotation of the horizontal evacuation screws of the material of the two coupled gasogens 19, 19 ', forming an ideal basic module is reversed ( see Fig. 2), these move the incombustible material out of the gasifier, where the waste is removed. In fact, it must be considered that each fuel produces waste, in the form of slag, ashes and remains of incombustible materials which, even if they pass through the hearth several times thanks to the circulation device, remain in their initial state and could obstruct the gasifier. These materials, which are collected at the top of the gasification chambers 11, 11 ', must be evacuated from time to time, which can be obtained by taking advantage of the presence of the evacuation screws 19, 19' which serve normally to circulate the material to be recycled as explained above, but that, if we reverse the direction of rotation, can advantageously serve to remove the waste gas from the gasifier, ie slag and other incombustible waste. Fig. 2 does not show the device that removes the incombustibles at the end of the evacuation screws 19, 19 ', for the simple reason that the execution of such a device (collection channel, suction system etc., ...) is within the reach of every professional. In fig. 5 there can be seen two tubes 27, 28 which can be used for this purpose.

Dans la fig. 3 on voit également le système d'alimentation du matériel frais au moyen de la vis d'alimentation 1 : on voit en particulier comme la vis alimente deux gazogènes de deux modules de base idéaux accouplés (mais il pourrait y en avoir beaucoup plus) avec un excédent de matériel. L'alimentation se fait du côté gauche depuis la trémie 22, tandis que du côté droit, à l'extrémité de la vis sans fin 1, le matériel tombe dans un tube 23. Un autre tube 24, indiqué seulement de manière schématique, reporte le matériel de la circulation dans la trémie du matériel frais (pas indiqué dans les figures)In fig. 3 we also see the feeding system of fresh equipment by means of the feed screw 1: it is seen in particular as the screw feeds two gas generators of two ideal basic modules coupled (but there could be many more) with an excess of material. The supply is on the left side from the hopper 22, while on the right side, at the end of the worm 1, the material falls into a tube 23. Another tube 24, indicated only schematically, reports the material of the circulation in the hopper of the fresh material (not indicated in the figures)

La fig. 5 montre une variante ultérieure de deux gazogènes accouplés pour former un module de base idéal, dont l'avantage est celui de réduire l'encombrement, surtout dans la partie inférieure du gazogène. Dans cette variante, les axes des deux vis 25,26 des deux gazogènes accouplés pour former un module de base idéal forment entre eux un angle α compris entre 0 et 20°. Pour cette raison les vis verticales 2, 2' sont définies comme étant « essentiellement » verticales, mais une légère inclinaison ne peut pas être exclue du champ de l'invention.Fig. 5 shows a later variant of two coupled gasifiers to form an ideal base module, the advantage of which is to reduce the bulk, especially in the lower part of the gasifier. In this variant, the axes of the two screws 25,26 of the two gasogens coupled to form an ideal basic module form between them an angle α of between 0 and 20 °. For this reason the vertical screws 2, 2 'are defined as being "substantially" vertical, but a slight inclination can not be excluded from the scope of the invention.

Le gazogène, selon l'invention, offre en outre l'avantage quand il est combiné avec d'autres gazogènes pour former un appareil de gazéification de plus grande puissance, si on prévoit d'actionner individuellement les vis essentiellement verticales 2, 2' etc, il est possible, dans un appareil composé de plusieurs gazogènes, de maintenir en fonction uniquement ceux qui servent réellement à chaque moment, pour adapter l'appareil aux productions énergétiques effectivement nécessaires, respectivement à la disponibilité du matériel à gazéifier. Dans ce but, il est suffisant de prévoir que, dans une solution comme celle montrée dans les fig. 2 à 4, les engrenages 5, 5' etc, des vis individuelles 2, 2' etc, soit reliés avec les arbres respectifs par un accouplement mécanique ou de tout autre système, qui permet de les libérer quand on désire arrêter le fonctionnement du gazogène correspondant. Une autre possibilité, montrée dans la forme d'exécution de la fig. 5, consiste à équiper les engrenages individuels 5, 5' d'engrenages hélicoïdaux entraînés par des moteurs individuels 29, 29'. Dans un tel cas, il suffira d'arrêter les moteurs de vis essentiellement verticales 2, 2' etc, pour mettre hors services le gazogène correspondant e ainsi adapter la production de gaz aux nécessités du moment.The gasifier according to the invention also offers the advantage when it is combined with other gasifiers to form a gasification apparatus of greater power, if it is intended to operate individually the essentially vertical screws 2, 2 'etc. it is possible, in a device composed of several gasifiers, to maintain in function only those who really serve at each moment, to adapt the apparatus to the energy productions actually necessary, respectively to the availability of the material to be gasified. For this purpose, it is sufficient to provide that in a solution such as that shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the gears 5, 5 'etc, individual screws 2, 2' etc, are connected with the respective shafts by a mechanical coupling or any other system, which allows to release them when it is desired to stop the operation of the gasogen corresponding. Another possibility, shown in the embodiment of FIG. 5, is to equip the individual gears 5, 5 ' helical gears driven by individual motors 29, 29 '. In such a case, it will suffice to stop the essentially vertical screw motors 2, 2 'etc., to deactivate the corresponding gasifier and thus adapt the production of gas to the necessities of the moment.

Cette diversité de possibilités de constructions, ajoutée à la capacité d'assurer des conditions de gazéification optimales comme cela a été décrit dans l'introduction, est une des caractéristiques principales de la présente invention qui la rende applicable à un grand nombres de réalisations pratiques liées principalement à la destruction par voie thermique des déchets de tous genres.This diversity of construction possibilities, coupled with the ability to ensure optimal gasification conditions as described in the introduction, is one of the main features of the present invention which makes it applicable to a large number of practical embodiments related to mainly to the thermal destruction of waste of all kinds.

LISTE DES FIGURESLIST OF FIGURES

1.1.
Vis d'alimentation du matérielHardware supply screw
2, 2'2, 2 '
Vis sans fin verticaleVertical worm
3.3.
Logement cylindriqueCylindrical housing
4.4.
ArbreTree
5, 5'5, 5 '
Engrenagegearing
6.6.
Engrenage hélicoïdal horizontalHorizontal helical gear
7.7.
LogementHousing
8.8.
Tube d'alimentationFeeding tube
9.9.
Chambre circulaireCircular room
10.10.
Tube d'alimentationFeeding tube
11.11.
Chambre de gazéificationChamber of gasification
12.12.
Dispositif de circulationCirculation device
13.13.
Résistance électriqueElectrical resistance
14.14.
Chambre de détenteRoom of relaxation
15.15.
Tube de sortieOutlet tube
16.16.
Matériel réfractaireRefractory material
19.19'19.19 '
Vis d'évacuationEvacuation screw
20.20.
TubeTube
21.21.
OuvertureOpening
22.22.
Trémiehopper
23.23.
TubeTube
24.24.
Tube inclinéInclined tube
25.25.
Vis sans finWorm
26.26.
Vis sans finWorm
27.27.
TubeTube
28.28.
TubeTube
29, 29'29, 29 '
MoteurEngine

Claims (12)

  1. Co-current gasifier with an endless conveyor screw (1) feeding in the new material to be gasified, with an essentially vertical endless screw (2) transporting the material to be gasified upwards from below, with a combustion chamber located in the upper part of the outlet of the endless screw (2), with a gasifying chamber (11) located above the combustion chamber, as well as a conveying system (12) for the material already passed through the combustion chamber and the gasifying chamber (11) but still not gasified completely, which is to be re-circulated through the combustion chamber, where the combustion chamber extends over the whole cross-section area of the essentially vertical endless conveyor screw (2) transporting the material and where the primary combustion air is fed in from the outside of the circular sleeve of the combustion chamber and/or at the centre of said chamber,
    characterised in that
    at least two gasifiers are assembled side by side and are provided with a common rotational drive system for the essentially vertical screws (2, 2').
  2. Co-current gasifier according to the claim 1,
    characterised in that
    two gasifier units assembled side by side combined form an ideal base module, which in turn can be combined with a plurality of similar modules to constitute a gasifier apparatus formed by any number of gasifier units.
  3. Co-current gasifier according to the claim 2,
    characterised in that
    the vertically arranged screws of all the gasifier units forming the gasifier apparatus are driven for by one common rotating drive system.
  4. Co-current gasifier according to one of the claims 1 through 3,
    characterised in that
    the common rotating drive system consists of a horizontally extending shaft (6) arranged in the plane of symmetry of each pair of gasifiers, which is provided with a helicoidal gear for each pair of gasifier units and which drives a pinion gear fixed on the vertical shaft of each of the essentially vertical screws (2, 2') of each gasifier unit.
  5. Co-current gasifier according to one of the claims 2 through 4,
    characterised in that
    the conveyor screw (1) feeding in the new material to be gasified is arranged in the plane of symmetry of each of the ideal base modules consisting of two gasifier units combined side by side, and extends over the full length of the gasifier apparatus, collectively feeding all gasifier units forming the gasifier apparatus.
  6. Co-current gasifier according to the claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the conveying system (12, 12') circulating the material already passed through the combustion chamber and the gasifying chamber (11) comprises an endless screw arranged horizontally, which pushes the material not yet entirely gasified out of the gasifying chamber of the gasifier unit and returns it into the zone of action of an essentially vertical screw (2, 2') transporting the material upward from below.
  7. Co-current gasifier according to the claim 6 and to one of the claims 1 through 4,
    characterised in that
    the clearing conveyor screws (19, 19') of the two gasifier units combined into an ideal base module are laid out coaxially and transport the circulating material in mutually opposed directions.
  8. Co-current gasifier according to the claim 7,
    characterised in that
    the clearing conveyor screws (19, 19') of the two gasifier units combined into an ideal base module are laid out coaxially and transport the circulating material, rotating in their normal sense of rotation, towards the centre of the module, where an opening (21) is provided for guiding the material via a vertical duct into the zone of action of an endless conveyor screw (1) for new material.
  9. Co-current gasifier according to the claim 8,
    characterised in that
    if the direction of rotation of the clearing conveyor screws (19, 19') of the two gasifier units combined into an ideal base module is inversed, the later transport the material to be cleared, incombustible material, out of the gasifier apparatus, from where the material is eliminated.
  10. Co-current gasifier according to one of the claims 1 through 4,
    characterised in that
    at least two ideal base modules, preferentially four or more ideal base modules, are combined.
  11. Co-current gasifier according to the claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the diameter of the essentially vertical endless screw transporting the material to be gasified upward from below ranges between 100 and 200 mm and more.
  12. Co-current gasifier according to one of the claims 1 through 4,
    characterised in that
    the axes of the two essentially vertically arranged screws (25, 25') of the two gasifier units combined into an ideal base module form an angle α of 0 to 20° between them.
EP03405016A 2002-01-18 2003-01-17 Co-current gasifier Expired - Lifetime EP1329494B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH752002 2002-01-18
CH752002 2002-01-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1329494A2 EP1329494A2 (en) 2003-07-23
EP1329494A3 EP1329494A3 (en) 2004-03-17
EP1329494B1 true EP1329494B1 (en) 2007-09-12

Family

ID=4326419

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03405016A Expired - Lifetime EP1329494B1 (en) 2002-01-18 2003-01-17 Co-current gasifier

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1329494B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE373068T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60316206T2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1035829C2 (en) * 2008-08-15 2009-08-06 Jacobus Anna Joseph Hubertus Mohr Modular facility for producing wood gas for combustion engine, has standard module with gasifier tube divided into multiple modules, and integrated components performing storage and supply of wood pellets

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2520375A1 (en) * 1982-01-26 1983-07-29 Iakovenko Marinitch Vladimir Modular gasification appts. for combustible materials - such as garbage on straw, using towers for combustion, steam generation, and washing of gases
DE8328140U1 (en) * 1983-09-28 1991-04-25 Michel-Kim, Herwig, 1000 Berlin Reactor device for producing generator gas from combustible waste products
DE3509263A1 (en) * 1985-03-12 1986-10-16 Silica Gel GmbH Adsorptions-Technik, Apparatebau, 1000 Berlin Process and device for controlling the fuel supply to an underfeed gasifier
DE3732867A1 (en) * 1987-09-25 1989-04-06 Michel Kim Herwig METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING GENERATOR GAS AND ACTIVATED COAL FROM SOLID FUELS
CH685244A5 (en) * 1992-04-10 1995-05-15 Poretti & Gaggini S A To co-current gasifier.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1329494A2 (en) 2003-07-23
EP1329494A3 (en) 2004-03-17
ATE373068T1 (en) 2007-09-15
DE60316206D1 (en) 2007-10-25
DE60316206T2 (en) 2008-06-05

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