EP1321197B1 - Process and apparatus for coating moving substrates - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for coating moving substrates Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1321197B1
EP1321197B1 EP02027916A EP02027916A EP1321197B1 EP 1321197 B1 EP1321197 B1 EP 1321197B1 EP 02027916 A EP02027916 A EP 02027916A EP 02027916 A EP02027916 A EP 02027916A EP 1321197 B1 EP1321197 B1 EP 1321197B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
powder
transfer device
transfer
mechanism according
Prior art date
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EP02027916A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1321197A3 (en
EP1321197A2 (en
Inventor
Markus Dipl.-Ing.(Fh) Cudazzo
Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. Strohbeck
Markus Dipl.-Ing Beckmann (Fh)
Sascha Casu
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Publication of EP1321197A3 publication Critical patent/EP1321197A3/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C19/00Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/08Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
    • B05C1/0826Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being a web or sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/14Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a travelling band
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/28Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/007Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using an electrostatic field
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • B05D1/22Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping using fluidised-bed technique
    • B05D1/24Applying particulate materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2252/00Sheets
    • B05D2252/02Sheets of indefinite length

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for coating substrates moving relative to the apparatus with a powder layer, e.g.
  • a powder coating field of application of this method and apparatus is the powder coating of substrates, in particular with a uniform surface geometry.
  • substrates are, for example, steel and aluminum strip material (coil), sheet metal blanks, wood and wood-based panels, e.g. MDF (medium-density fiberboard) or HDF (high-density fiberboard), plastic sheets, metal and plastic foils, paper webs, extrusions (profiles, pipes) and cables.
  • Such powder coating methods are used in particular for high throughput speeds of the substrate to be coated up to 3 m / s. applications These include, for example, the powder coating of insulation boards, the electrostatically assisted application of abrasive grain on paper and plastic film, the Lötpulverap opposition on extrusion materials, the clear powder coating of wallpaper and Bepud ceremoniess observeden eg for electrical cables or in the food industry.
  • the achievable layer thicknesses are in the same range in the electrostatic Wirbelbad compiler as in the EPS process, i. at about 30 to 200 microns. Thin-film applications are also generally not possible here due to the process-related layer thickness variations
  • Powder coating processes are already known from JP 05/076819 and JP 05/115831, in which the powder is sprayed onto a transfer belt, which is then transported in a transfer region in which it runs parallel to the substrate to be coated.
  • the transfer belt has through holes, so that through the resulting porous structure under pressure a gas can be squeezed. In the transfer region, gas is now forced under pressure from the rear side of the transfer belt through the holes in the transfer belt, which entrains the particles and deposits them on the opposite substrate.
  • the transfer belt can also be vibrated or vibrated so that the powder particles fall off and then settle on the then necessarily below the belt substrate.
  • the detachment of the powder particles is additionally assisted, in which the powder particles can be electrically charged in the transfer region and thus the particles can easily detach from the transfer belt due to the electrostatic repulsive force of their base. This also avoids agglomeration of the particles. Only by the powder charging a transfer of the particles to the substrate is not possible.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a powder coating method and a device for this purpose, with which uniform homogeneous powder layers of defined thickness can be applied with high consistency even at high process speeds.
  • Decisive in the present invention is that the powder particles are applied to a transfer device, for example a transfer belt or a transfer roller. This can be done for example in a fluidizing tank or by spraying using electrostatic forces.
  • the transfer belt or the transfer roller are then moved so that they face in a transfer region with the powder-coated surface of the surface to be coated of the substrate.
  • the transfer device and the substrate can be moved in the same, in the opposite direction, also in parallel or at different speeds.
  • the substrate and the transfer device can also be moved transversely to each other. In doing so, the substrate and / or the transfer device are moved.
  • a transfer of the powder particles from the transfer device to the substrate takes place by means of electrostatic forces.
  • an electrode is arranged behind the transfer device and optionally also behind the substrate.
  • this electrode for example a corona electrode, an electrostatic field is generated between the electrode and the substrate. The particles are now released by the electrostatic field from the transfer device and transported specifically to the substrate due to the electrical force.
  • an electrode is located behind the substrate and behind the transfer device, wherein the two Electrodes are at different potentials, so that through the transfer device and the substrate passing through a defined electric field can be established.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention it is now possible to apply powder layers of defined thickness with previously unachievable constancy to substrates even at very high process speeds. This is particularly easy for substrates with uniform surface geometry. Due to the reproducible controllable amount of transferred to the transfer device and finally to the substrate powder and very small amounts of powder per unit time in contrast to the prior art transferable. Thus, thin-film applications up to a few microns thick are reproducibly possible.
  • the thickness of the layer is essentially determined by the speed of the transfer device, the speed and the relative direction of movement of the substrate and the amount of powder applied to the transfer device.
  • the powder material is transferred without losses to the substrate, ie costly technical measures for recovery and recycling of not deposited on the substrate powder, as required in the previous electrostatic powder application by means of spraying omitted. This is associated with less space and lower investment costs. Since the powder is not sprayed as in the conventional technique, eliminates the associated high compressed air consumption.
  • the layer thickness variations and particle size separations customary in the electrostatic powder coating methods according to the prior art do not occur.
  • the amount of powder to be transferred can be reproducibly controlled in a wide range, so that constant layer thicknesses can be generated up to about 3 m / s both at low and at high transport speeds of the substrate. In particular, very thin layers down to a few microns thickness can be generated reproducible.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are suitable for the transfer both of electrically non-conductive powder material and of electrically conductive or semiconductive powder material.
  • 1 to 11 show various devices according to the invention or parts thereof.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for coating a substrate 10 with electrically non-conductive powder particles.
  • the coating of the substrate can be done from below or from above. This is for example shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, where the coating of the substrate takes place from below. Advantage of this concept is to avoid the substrate contamination by falling powder from the transfer device.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used for coating the substrate from above or from the side.
  • the transfer belt is guided accordingly by deflection rollers. This is for example in Figs. 7 and 8 shown.
  • a vertical coating is shown in Figs. 9 and 10 are shown.
  • the substrate can continue to be moved in the same or in the opposite direction as the transfer device.
  • Fig. 1 shows a fluidizing tank 1 with a supply 2 for unipolar ionized fluidizing air.
  • This fluidizing air is used to fluidize a paint powder supplied via a powder feed 4.
  • This paint powder is here of an electrically non-conductive material and is also charged unipolar.
  • a roller 5 with a roller surface 6 is immersed in a separating region 8.
  • This roller is deposited in the region of the fluidizing container 1 with a fixed core 11.
  • This core 11 is electrically conductive, for example made of metal and grounded to a ground 12.
  • the electrostatic field between the grounded core 11 and the polarized powder particles now causes them to be attracted to the roller 5 and deposited on the surface 6 thereof as a powder coating 7.
  • the roller is now rotated in the direction of arrow A, so that the coated surface 6 of the roller 5 moves out of the fluidizing tank. Thus, it also leaves the area deposited by the core 11 and enters a non-deposited transfer area 9, in which the surface 6 of the roller 5 moves in the direction B parallel to a substrate. Outside the transfer region 9, in each case behind the substrate or behind the roller 5, a high-voltage electrode 14, 14 'is arranged in each case. These generate an electrostatic field which moves the unipolar charged powder particles in the direction of the insulating substrate 10 from the roll surface 6 to the substrate 10. Thus, the paint powder is transferred from the roller 5 to the substrate 10.
  • the coating 7 of the roller surface 6 is deposited as a coating 15 of the substrate 10. Since no air flows are used here, there is a turbulence-free transmission of the powder, whereby an extremely homogeneous and thin powder layer can be produced.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further example in which, however, as a transfer device instead of a roller 5, a band 19 is used. This is guided via three deflection rollers 22, 22 ', 22' 'on the one hand through the fluidization vessel 1 and then guided over the rollers 22', 22 '' in the same direction B parallel to the substrate 10. The further arrangement of this device is the same as in FIG. 1.
  • roller 22 is now electrically conductive, for example made of metal. This again causes an electrically conductive deposit of the electrically insulating or semiconductive band 19 in the region of the fluidizing container 1. Not shown in Fig. 2, the vent 3 of the fluidization tank. 1
  • the belt moves here at a belt speed of about 1 m / s and in turn is coated with polarized powder particles as a coating 7. These powder particles are negatively polarized in this example.
  • the electrodes 14, 14 'and 13 are as in Fig. 1 corona electrodes or "corona pincushion". These can be movable so that an optimized detachment of the powder from the belt 19 occurs by slight vibration of these pincushion. While the electrode 14 'has a negative voltage with negatively polarized powder particles, the electrode 14 may either be grounded or have a positive voltage. The same applies to the electrode 13, by means of which a complete discharge of the band with bipolar ionized air of a corona discharge or by passive ionization is effected.
  • the present device further comprises an exhaust 24 on the back of the belt 19.
  • an exhaust 24 on the back of the belt 19 As a result, powder particles entrained on the rear side of the belt are removed, while the front side with the coating 7 is not changed.
  • the band is provided with a deposit 20, which is grounded. This deposit 20, for example, a metal sheet, causes the polarized particles adhere better to the surface of the conveyor belt in this transport area.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further device similar to that of Fig. 2, but with the corona electrode 14 'of the previous figure replaced by a high voltage carrying roller 23. This also generates like the electrode 14' in Fig. 2 an electric field, the transfers the particles from the belt 19 to the substrate 10.
  • roller 22 is further connected to a ground 12, as well as for the core 11 in Fig. 1 is the case.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further device according to the invention with a roller 5 and a roller surface 6, with which electrically conductive or semiconductive powder particles can be transferred.
  • the fluidization air introduced into the fluidizing tank 1 by the supply 2 is not ionized.
  • the electrically conductive or semiconducting powder is introduced through the feed 4 into the fluidizing tank 1. Furthermore, a vent 3 for removing fluidizing air is connected to the fluidizing tank 1.
  • the roller is now electrically insulating and can be filled in its core or not filled.
  • the roll surface 6 is now ionized unipolar (e.g., negative) by, for example, the "corona pincushion” 13, and then immersed in the fluidizing tank 1.
  • the electrically conductive or semiconductive powder is now attracted by influence to the surface 6 of the roller 5 and forms there a powder coating 7. With further rotation of the roller in the direction of arrow A, this coating is transported to a transfer area in which by means of "corona pincushion "14, 14 'the powder particles are transferred to the substrate 10.
  • the "corona pincushion” 14 has a negative voltage, while the “corona pincushion” 14 'can grounded or have a positive voltage. Conversely, the “corona pincushion” 14 'could also be positively charged and the “corona pincushion” 14 grounded and / or have a negative voltage.
  • Fig. 5 shows a corresponding device, but using a tape 19 as a transfer device becomes. This is as shown in Fig. 2 via three rollers 22, 22 '22''out. Since the powder particles are electrically conductive or electrically semiconductive, the band 19 is now electrically insulating or semiconductive. Its belt speed is for example 1 m / s. This band is partially discharged via the corona electrode 13 by means of bipolar-inonised air or charged controlled by means of unipolar and ionized air. The roller 22 is made of electrically semiconductive or insulating material. Due to the charging of the belt 19 via the electrode 13, the electrically conductive or semiconductive powder is now attracted by influence and precipitates on the surface of the belt 19 as a coating 7. The back of the belt is freed of powder by means of a suction 24 between the rollers 22 and 22 '.
  • the transfer of the powder to the substrate 9 in the transfer area 9 takes place as described above.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 are particularly suitable for substrates with low electrical conductivity.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further corresponding device as in Fig. 5, but wherein the corona electrode 14 'is replaced by a high-voltage roller 23. All other elements are the same as in FIG. 5.
  • Fig. 7 shows a further device, in which case a total of six guide rollers 22 to 22 ''''are used.
  • This device corresponds to that of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, but with the additional Deflection rollers now the belt 19 is guided above the substrate 10. As a result, now takes place a coating of the substrate from above.
  • FIG. 8 also shows a device with which electrically non-conductive powder particles are transferred to an electrically conductive substrate 10.
  • a substrate 10 for example, a sheet is shown here, which is transported on conveyor rollers 25 in the direction of arrow B.
  • the pulleys 22 to 22 '' 'on pillars 26 to 26' '' stored and supported.
  • corona pincushion only one corona electrode 14 (corona pincushion") is provided, with which the negatively polarized particles of the coating 7 are released from the transfer belt 19.
  • the electrode 14 is negatively charged. It forms a powder coating 15 on the plate 10th
  • FIG. 10 shows a further device, which largely corresponds to that of FIG. 9.
  • the substrate 10 is conveyed perpendicular to the transfer belt 19.
  • the substrate 10 is transported perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the powder is transferred to the substrate 10 by means of "corona pincushion" 14, 14 '.
  • Fig. 11 shows a roller 5 with a surface 6, as shown for example in FIGS. 1 and 4 is used.
  • the roller 5 in this case has a bearing 16 which can serve, for example, for its electrical charging.
  • the surface 6 of the roller 5 in this case has a pattern that can be formed by recesses, recesses or a change between insulating and non-insulating areas. This leads to the fact that the roller either picks up powder only in the pattern areas or delivers it to the substrate only in the pattern areas. Thus, a coating in the form of a pattern on the substrate is possible.
  • Another possibility for pattern coating of the substrate is that the electrodes 14, 14 'form a pattern and thus transmit the powder from the coating 7 to the substrate 10 to produce a patterned coating 15 only in the areas they represent.
  • suitable transfer devices would be, for example, rotating disks which, during rotation, comprise both a loading area 8, e.g. in a fluidizing chamber 1, as well as a transmission region 9.
  • the substrate can then be either a disk rotating in parallel or in opposite directions to the transfer disk, which completely or only partially covers the disk diameter of the transfer disk.

Abstract

A fluidizing container (1) has a feed (2) for fluidizing air ionized with single polarity. This fluidizing air fluidizes an electrically non-conductive powder paint fed in via a powder feeder (4) and charged with single polarity. A roller (5) dips in a depositing area (8) and attaches to an electrically conductive fixed earthed metal core (11). <??>An Independent claim is also included for a device for covering substrates with a powder coating.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung von relativ zur Vorrichtung bewegten Substraten mit einer Pulverschicht, z.B. einem Pulverlack-Anwendungsgebiet dieses Verfahrens und dieser Vorrichtung ist die Pulverbeschichtung von Substraten, insbesondere mit gleichmäßiger Oberflächengeometrie. Derartige Substrate sind beispielsweise Stahl- und AluminiumBandmaterial (Coil), Blech-Platinen, Holz- und Holzwerkstoffplatten, z.B. MDF (mitteldichte Faserplatten) oder HDF (hochdichte Faserplatten), Kunststoffplatten, Metall- und Kunststoff-Folien, Papierbahnen, Strangpreßmaterialien (Profile, Rohre) sowie Kabel.The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for coating substrates moving relative to the apparatus with a powder layer, e.g. A powder coating field of application of this method and apparatus is the powder coating of substrates, in particular with a uniform surface geometry. Such substrates are, for example, steel and aluminum strip material (coil), sheet metal blanks, wood and wood-based panels, e.g. MDF (medium-density fiberboard) or HDF (high-density fiberboard), plastic sheets, metal and plastic foils, paper webs, extrusions (profiles, pipes) and cables.

Derartige Pulverbeschichtungsverfahren werden insbesondere für hohe Durchlaufgeschwindigkeiten des zu beschichtenden Substrates bis zu 3 m/s angewandt. Anwendungen hierfür sind beispielsweise die Pulverbeschichtung von Dämmplatten, das elektrostatisch unterstützte Applizieren von Schleifkorn auf Papier und Kunststoff-Folie, die Lötpulverapplikation auf Strangpressmaterialien, die Klarpulverbeschichtung von Tapeten sowie Bepuderungseinrichtungen z.B. für elektrische Kabel oder im Lebensmittelbereich.Such powder coating methods are used in particular for high throughput speeds of the substrate to be coated up to 3 m / s. applications These include, for example, the powder coating of insulation boards, the electrostatically assisted application of abrasive grain on paper and plastic film, the Lötpulverapplikation on extrusion materials, the clear powder coating of wallpaper and Bepuderungseinrichtungen eg for electrical cables or in the food industry.

Zur elektrostatischen Pulverbeschichtung stehen bisher zwei Verfahren zur Verfügung:

  1. a) Beim "Elekrostatischen Pulversprüh-Verfahren" (EPS-Verfahren) wird das Pulver mittels Luft fluidisiert und über einen Schlauch zum Sprühorgan transportiert, wo es elektrostatisch aufgeladen und mittels Düsen auf das Substrat gesprüht wird. Die Abscheidung der aufgeladenen Pulverpartikel auf dem geerdeten Substrat erfolgt durch elektrostatische Anziehungskräfte. Da hierbei nur ein Teil des versprühten Pulvers auf das Substrat gelangt, wird das nicht abgeschiedene Pulver (Overspray) mittels einer Absaugung aus der Beschichtungskabine entfernt und wieder dem Pulverbehälter zugeführt. In der Regel werden die Sprühaggregate mittels einer automatischen Hubeinrichtung auf- und abbewegt (vertikale Substratanordnung) bzw. hin- und herbewegt (horizontale Substratanordnung), um durch Überlappung der Lackierstreifen alle Bereiche der mittels einer Fördereinrichtung an den Sprühorganen vorbei bewegten Substrate beschichten zu können. Das EPS-Verfahren ist für Substrat-Fördergeschwindigkeiten bis zu ca. 15 m/min geeignet. Wesentliche Nachteile des EPS-Verfahrens sind
    • die mit dem Einsatz von Sprühorganen verbundene Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes lüftungstechnischer Anlagen und Kabinentechnik sowie der damit verbundene hohe Platzbedarf und die hohen Investitionskosten,
    • die hohen Luftvolumenströme bzw. Luftströmungsgeschwindigkeiten beim Aufsprühen des Pulvers auf die Substrate und die dadurch auftretenden Turbulenzen, verbunden mit Schichtdickenschwankungen und Partikelgrößenseparierungen, die zu Verschiebungen des Partikelgrößenspektrums im Pulverkreislauf und damit zu Beschichtungsstörungen führen,
    • die bei hohen Substrat-Fördergeschwindigkeiten erforderlichen hohen Hubgeschwindigkeiten der Sprühaggregate, die zu zusätzlichen Luftströmungsturbulenzen im Sprühstrahlbereich und dadurch zu zusätzlichen Schichtdickenschwankungen führen sowie
    • der hohe anlagen- und verfahrenstechnische Aufwand für die Rückgewinnung und Kreislaufführung des nicht auf den Substraten abgeschiedenen Pulvers, insbesondere beim Einsatz verschieden farbiger Pulver.
      Die applizierbare Schichtdicke liegt beim EPS-Verfahren im Bereich von ca. 30-200 µm. Dünnschichtapplikationen mit Schichtdicken < 30 µm sind mit dieser Technik im allgemeinen nicht möglich, da bei den üblichen Schichtdickenschwankungen unterbeschichtete Bereiche unvermeidbar sind.
  2. b) Beim elektrostatischen Wirbelbadverfahren werden die Substrate nicht direkt besprüht, sondern innerhalb einer Kammer bzw. über einem Fluidisierbecken in einer Wolke aus aufgeladenem Pulver beschichtet. Die Abscheidung der Pulverpartikel auf den Substraten erfolgt hier nicht wie beim EPS-Verfahren durch die Kombination aus Aufsprühen mittels Luft und elektrostatischer Anziehung, sondern ausschließlich durch elektrostatische Kräfte. Nachteile dieses Verfahrens sind insbesondere
    • die begrenzte Menge an abscheidbarer Pulvermenge pro Zeiteinheit und der dadurch nur geringe Durchsatz an zu beschichtender Oberfläche bzw. die dadurch nur geringen Prozeßgeschwindigkeiten sowie
    • die ungenaue und nur schwierig steuerbare Dosierung der applizierten Pulvermenge und die damit verbundenen Schwankungen der Schichtdicke.
For electrostatic powder coating, two methods are currently available:
  1. a) In the "electrostatic powder spray process" (EPS process), the powder is fluidized by air and transported via a hose to the spray, where it is electrostatically charged and sprayed by means of nozzles on the substrate. The deposition of the charged powder particles on the grounded substrate is done by electrostatic attraction forces. Since only a part of the sprayed powder reaches the substrate, the non-deposited powder (overspray) is removed from the coating booth by suction and returned to the powder container. As a rule, the spraying units are moved up and down by means of an automatic lifting device (vertical substrate arrangement) or moved back and forth (horizontal substrate arrangement) so as to be able to coat all areas of the substrates moving past the spraying elements by overlapping the coating strips. The EPS process is suitable for substrate conveying speeds of up to approx. 15 m / min. Significant disadvantages of the EPS process are
    • the need for the use of ventilation systems and cabin technology, as well as the associated high space requirements and the high investment costs associated with the use of spray devices,
    • the high air volume flows or air flow rates when spraying the powder onto the substrates and the resulting turbulence, combined with layer thickness fluctuations and particle size separations, which lead to shifts in the particle size spectrum in the powder cycle and thus to coating defects,
    • the high lifting speeds of the spray units required for high substrate conveying speeds, which lead to additional air flow turbulences in the spray jet area and thereby to additional layer thickness fluctuations and
    • the high investment and procedural effort for the recovery and recycling of not deposited on the substrates powder, especially when using different colored powder.
      The applicable layer thickness is in the EPS process in the range of about 30-200 microns. Thin-film applications with layer thicknesses <30 μm are generally not possible with this technique, since under the usual layer thickness variations undercoated areas are unavoidable.
  2. b) In the electrostatic Wirbelbadverfahren the substrates are not sprayed directly, but coated inside a chamber or over a fluidizing tank in a cloud of charged powder. The deposition of the powder particles on the substrates does not occur here as in the EPS process by the combination of spraying with air and electrostatic attraction, but only by electrostatic forces. Disadvantages of this method are in particular
    • the limited amount of depositable amount of powder per unit of time and thereby only low throughput of surface to be coated or thereby only low process speeds and
    • the imprecise and difficult to control dosage of the applied powder amount and the associated variations in the layer thickness.

Die erzielbaren Schichtdicken liegen beim elektrostatischen Wirbelbadverfahren im gleichen Bereich wie beim EPS-Verfahren, d.h. bei ca. 30 bis 200 µm. Dünnschichtapplikationen sind auch hier aufgrund der verfahrensbedingten Schichtdickenschwankungen im allgemeinen nicht möglichThe achievable layer thicknesses are in the same range in the electrostatic Wirbelbadverfahren as in the EPS process, i. at about 30 to 200 microns. Thin-film applications are also generally not possible here due to the process-related layer thickness variations

Die Schrift US-A-3 285 167 beschreibt ein elektrostatisches Druckverfahren, bei dem mittels einer Bürstenwalze als Transfervorrichtung ein Pulver durch ein Netz auf ein Substrat gestrichen wird.The document US Pat. No. 3,285,167 describes an electrostatic printing method in which a powder is brushed through a net onto a substrate by means of a brush roller as transfer device.

Aus der JP 05/076819 sowie der JP 05/115831 sind bereits Pulverbeschichtungsverfahren bekannt, bei denen das Pulver auf ein Transferband aufgesprüht wird, welches dann in einem Übertragungsbereich transportiert wird, in dem es parallel zu dem zu beschichtenden Substrat verläuft. Das Transferband weist dabei Durchgangslöcher auf, so daß durch die so entstandene porige Struktur unter Druck ein Gas durchgepreßt werden kann. Im Übertragungsbereich wird nun von der Rückseite des Transferbandes Gas unter Druck durch die Löcher in dem Transferband gedrückt, welche die Partikel mitreißt und auf das gegenüberliegende Substrat niederschlägt. Alternativ kann das Übertragungsband auch gerüttelt oder in Schwingungen versetzt werden, so daß die Pulverpartikel abfallen und auf das dann zwingend unterhalb des Bandes liegende Substrat sich niederschlagen. Die Ablösung der Pulverpartikel wird zusätzlich unterstützt, in dem die Pulverpartikel im Übertragungsbereich elektrisch aufgeladen werden können und so die Partikel sich von dem Übertragungsband aufgrund der elektrostatischen Abstoßungskraft von ihrer Unterlage leichter ablösen können. Dadurch wird auch eine Agglomeratbildung der Partikel vermieden. Allein durch die Pulveraufladung ist eine Übertragung der Partikel auf das Substrat nicht möglich.Powder coating processes are already known from JP 05/076819 and JP 05/115831, in which the powder is sprayed onto a transfer belt, which is then transported in a transfer region in which it runs parallel to the substrate to be coated. The transfer belt has through holes, so that through the resulting porous structure under pressure a gas can be squeezed. In the transfer region, gas is now forced under pressure from the rear side of the transfer belt through the holes in the transfer belt, which entrains the particles and deposits them on the opposite substrate. Alternatively, the transfer belt can also be vibrated or vibrated so that the powder particles fall off and then settle on the then necessarily below the belt substrate. The detachment of the powder particles is additionally assisted, in which the powder particles can be electrically charged in the transfer region and thus the particles can easily detach from the transfer belt due to the electrostatic repulsive force of their base. This also avoids agglomeration of the particles. Only by the powder charging a transfer of the particles to the substrate is not possible.

Wesentlich dabei ist, daß der Transport der Partikel von dem Übertragungsband auf das Substrat aufgrund eines Luftstromes erfolgt. Nachteilig daran ist, daß Turbulenzen in dem Gasstrom und laminare Strömungen zu einem ungleichmäßigen Auftrag des Pulvers auf das Substrat führen.It is essential that the transport of the particles from the transfer belt to the substrate takes place due to an air flow. The disadvantage of this is that turbulence in the gas stream and laminar flows lead to an uneven application of the powder to the substrate.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Pulverbeschichtungsverfahren und eine Vorrichtung hierfür zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit der einheitliche homogene Pulverschichten definierter Dicke mit hoher Konstanz auch bei hohen Prozeßgeschwindigkeiten aufgebracht werden können.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a powder coating method and a device for this purpose, with which uniform homogeneous powder layers of defined thickness can be applied with high consistency even at high process speeds.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 sowie die Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 22 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung werden in den jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüchen gegeben.This object is achieved by the method according to claim 1 and the device for carrying out the method solved according to claim 22. Advantageous developments of the method and the device according to the invention are given in the respective dependent claims.

Entscheidend bei der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, daß die Pulverpartikel auf eine Transfervorrichtung, beispielsweise ein Transferband oder eine Transferwalze aufgebracht werden. Dies kann beispielsweise in einem Fluidisierbehälter oder durch Aufsprühen unter Anwendung elektrostatischer Kräfte erfolgen. Das Transferband bzw. die Transferwalze werden dann so bewegt, daß sie in einem Übertragungsbereich mit der pulverbeschichteten Oberfläche der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche des Substrates gegenüberliegen. Dort können die Transfervorrichtung und das Substrat in gleicher, in entgegengesetzter Richtung auch parallel oder mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten bewegt werden. Das Substrat und die Transfervorrichtung können auch quer zueinander bewegt werden. Bewegt werden dabei das Substrat und/oder die Transfervorrichtung. Im Übertragungsbereich findet nun erfindungsgemäß eine Übertragung der Pulverpartikel von der Transfervorrichtung auf das Substrat mittels elektrostatischer Kräfte statt. Hierzu wird hinter der Transfervorrichtung und gegebenenfalls auch hinter dem Substrat eine Elektrode angeordnet. Mittels dieser Elektrode, beispielsweise eine Koronaelektrode, wird ein elektrostatisches Feld zwischen der Elektrode und dem Substrat erzeugt. Die Partikel werden nun durch dieses elektrostatische Feld von der Transfervorrichtung gelöst und aufgrund der elektrischen Krafteinwirkung gezielt zu dem Substrat transportiert. Bei elektrisch isolierenden Substraten befindet sich hinter dem Substrat und hinter der Transfervorrichtung jeweils eine Elektrode, wobei die beiden Elektroden an unterschiedlichen Potentialen liegen, so daß durch die Transfervorrichtung und das Substrat hindurchgehend ein definiertes elektrisches Feld aufgebaut werden kann.Decisive in the present invention is that the powder particles are applied to a transfer device, for example a transfer belt or a transfer roller. This can be done for example in a fluidizing tank or by spraying using electrostatic forces. The transfer belt or the transfer roller are then moved so that they face in a transfer region with the powder-coated surface of the surface to be coated of the substrate. There, the transfer device and the substrate can be moved in the same, in the opposite direction, also in parallel or at different speeds. The substrate and the transfer device can also be moved transversely to each other. In doing so, the substrate and / or the transfer device are moved. In the transfer region, according to the invention, a transfer of the powder particles from the transfer device to the substrate takes place by means of electrostatic forces. For this purpose, an electrode is arranged behind the transfer device and optionally also behind the substrate. By means of this electrode, for example a corona electrode, an electrostatic field is generated between the electrode and the substrate. The particles are now released by the electrostatic field from the transfer device and transported specifically to the substrate due to the electrical force. In the case of electrically insulating substrates, an electrode is located behind the substrate and behind the transfer device, wherein the two Electrodes are at different potentials, so that through the transfer device and the substrate passing through a defined electric field can be established.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können nun Pulverschichten definierter Dicke mit bisher nicht möglicher Konstanz auch bei sehr hohen Prozeßgeschwindigkeiten auf Substrate aufgebracht werden. Dies ist besonders einfach möglich bei Substraten mit gleichmäßiger Oberflächengeometrie. Aufgrund der reproduzierbar steuerbaren Menge des auf die Transfervorrichtung und zuletzt auf das Substrat übertragenen Pulvers sind auch sehr geringe Pulvermengen pro Zeiteinheit im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik übertragbar. Damit sind Dünnschichtapplikationen bis zu wenigen µm Dicke reproduzierbar möglich. Die Dicke der Schicht bestimmt sich dabei im wesentlichen aus der Geschwindigkeit der Transfervorrichtung, der Geschwindigkeit und der relativen Bewegungsrichtung des Substrates sowie aus der Menge an auf die Transfervorrichtung aufgetragenem Pulver.With the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention, it is now possible to apply powder layers of defined thickness with previously unachievable constancy to substrates even at very high process speeds. This is particularly easy for substrates with uniform surface geometry. Due to the reproducible controllable amount of transferred to the transfer device and finally to the substrate powder and very small amounts of powder per unit time in contrast to the prior art transferable. Thus, thin-film applications up to a few microns thick are reproducibly possible. The thickness of the layer is essentially determined by the speed of the transfer device, the speed and the relative direction of movement of the substrate and the amount of powder applied to the transfer device.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird das Pulvermaterial ohne Verluste auf das Substrat übertragen, d.h. aufwendige technische Maßnahmen zur Rückgewinnung und Kreislaufführung des nicht auf dem Substrat abgeschiedenen Pulvers, wie sie bei der bisherigen elektrostatischen Pulverapplikation mittels Sprühorganen erforderlich sind, entfallen. Dies ist mit geringerem Platzbedarf sowie geringeren Investitionskosten verbunden. Da das Pulver nicht wie bei der herkömmlichen Technik aufgesprüht wird, entfällt der damit verbundene hohe Druckluftverbrauch.In the method according to the invention, the powder material is transferred without losses to the substrate, ie costly technical measures for recovery and recycling of not deposited on the substrate powder, as required in the previous electrostatic powder application by means of spraying omitted. This is associated with less space and lower investment costs. Since the powder is not sprayed as in the conventional technique, eliminates the associated high compressed air consumption.

Da bei einem Wechsel des Farbtons alle mit dem Pulver in Berührung kommenden Anlagenteile gereinigt werden müssen, ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren aufgrund der nicht notwendigen Rückgewinnungsanlage auch der Farbwechsel wesentlich einfacher als bei herkömmlichen Pulverbeschichtungsanlagen durchführbar.Since when changing the hue all equipment parts coming into contact with the powder must be cleaned, in the inventive method due to the unnecessary recovery plant and the color change is much easier than conventional powder coating plants feasible.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Übertragung des Pulvers auf das Substrat treten die bei den elektrostatischen Pulverbeschichtungsverfahren nach dem Stand der Technik üblichen Schichtdickenschwankungen und Partikelgrößenseparierungen nicht auf. Die zu übertragende Pulvermenge kann in einem weiten Bereich reproduzierbar gesteuert werden, so daß konstante Schichtdicken sowohl bei geringen als auch bei hohen Fördergeschwindigkeiten des Substrates bis zu ca. 3 m/s erzeugt werden können. Insbesondere können auch sehr dünne Schichten bis herab zu wenigen µm Dicke reproduzierbar erzeugt werden.In the transfer of the powder to the substrate according to the invention, the layer thickness variations and particle size separations customary in the electrostatic powder coating methods according to the prior art do not occur. The amount of powder to be transferred can be reproducibly controlled in a wide range, so that constant layer thicknesses can be generated up to about 3 m / s both at low and at high transport speeds of the substrate. In particular, very thin layers down to a few microns thickness can be generated reproducible.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eignen sich zum Transfer sowohl von elektrisch nichtleitendem Pulvermaterial als auch von elektrisch leitfähigem bzw. halbleitfähigem Pulvermaterial.The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are suitable for the transfer both of electrically non-conductive powder material and of electrically conductive or semiconductive powder material.

Bei elektrisch nichtleitendem Pulvermaterial arbeitet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wie folgt:

  1. a) Das Pulver wird in einem Fluidisierbehälter fluidisiert und (beispielsweise mit unipolar positiv oder negativ ionisierter Luft) aufgeladen. Der Fluidisierbehälter ist aus elektrisch isolierendem Material (z.B. aus Kunststoff) aufgebaut. In den Fluidisierbehälter taucht ein elektrisch leitfähiger (z.B. metallischer) geerdeter Kern, der als feststehender Kern oder als Kern in Form einer rotierenden Walze ausgebildet sein kann.
  2. b) Aufgrund des leitfähigen, geerdeten Kerns orientieren sich nun die aufgeladenen Pulverpartikel in Richtung des Kerns und scheiden sich dabei auf dem den Kern umgebenden isolierenden bzw. halbleitfähigem Material (Oberflächenwiderstand mindestens 106 Ohm) ab. Das isolierende Material kann dabei beispielsweise eine um den feststehenden leitfähigen Kern rotierende Isolierstoff-Walze oder ein isolierendes Transferband sein.
  3. c) Die rotierende Isolierstoff-Walze bzw. das Transferband mit dem anhaftenden Pulver bewegt sich zum Substrat hin.
    Beim Transferband kann vorteilhafterweise durch eine leitfähige, geerdete Hinterlegung des Bandes vermieden werden, daß Pulver sich vom Band löst, bevor es in den Bereich des Transfers zum Substrat gefördert wird.
  4. d) Im Bereich des Substrates wird mit hinter dem Transferband bzw. der Isolierstoff-Walze angeordneten Elektroden (z.B. "Korona-Nadelkissen") mit zu den Pulverpartikeln gleichnamiger Polarität der Abscheideprozeß auf das Substrat durchgeführt. Um einen homogenen Abscheideprozeß zu gewährleisten, kann das "Korona-Nadelkissen" einer Vibration ausgesetzt werden. Weiterhin kann das Transferband bzw. die Isolierstoff-Walze aus porösem Material bestehen und im Bereich der Pulverübertragung zusätzlich von einem Luftstrom durchströmt werden, um den Pulvertransfer zum Substrat zu unterstützen.
    Weiterhin kann das Transferband im Bereich der Pulverübertragung durch eine hochspannungsführende Walze geführt werden, deren Oberflächenstruktur zusätzlich Koronaspitzen aufweist. Diese Walze kann im Bereich der Pulverübertragung zusätzlich von einem Luftstrom durchströmt werden, um die Ablösung der Partikel vom Transferband zu unterstützen.
  5. e) Das Pulver scheidet sich mittels elektrostatischer Kräfte auf dem Substrat ab; im Falle des elektrisch leitfähigen, geerdeten Substrates (z.B. metallisches Coil) ist keine weitere Unterstützung des Abscheidevorganges erforderlich; bei elektrisch isolierenden bzw. gering leitfähigen Substraten wird die Abscheidung durch Einsatz von (zum Pulver) gegenpolaren Ladungen (unipolar ionisierte Luft) auf der Rückseite des Substrates unterstützt.
    Zusätzlich kann durch eine Entladestation (Einsatz bipolar ionisierter Luft) die Ladung auf dem Transferband bzw. der Isolierstoff-Walze nach der Übertragung des Pulvers auf das Substrat entfernt werden, um eine gleichbleibende Pulverabscheidung zu gewährleisten.
  6. f) das applizierte Pulver wird durch kontinuierliche Pulverzudosierung in den Fluidisierbehälter ersetzt, um ein konstantes Füllniveau und damit gleichbleibende auf das Substrat übertragene Pulvermengen zu gewährleisten.
For electrically non-conductive powder material, the inventive method works as follows:
  1. a) The powder is fluidized in a Fluidisierbehälter and charged (for example, with unipolar positive or negative ionized air). The fluidizing tank is constructed of electrically insulating material (eg plastic). Into the fluidizing tank dips an electrically conductive (eg metallic) earthed core, which may be formed as a fixed core or as a core in the form of a rotating roller.
  2. b) Due to the conductive, grounded core, the charged powder particles now orient themselves in the direction of the core and thereby deposit on the insulating or semi-conductive material surrounding the core (surface resistance at least 10 6 ohms). The insulating material may be, for example, an insulator roll rotating about the stationary conductive core or an insulating transfer ribbon.
  3. c) The rotating insulating roll or the transfer belt with the adhering powder moves towards the substrate.
    In the case of the transfer belt, it can be advantageously avoided by means of a conductive grounded deposit of the belt that the powder separates from the belt before it is conveyed to the area of transfer to the substrate.
  4. d) In the region of the substrate, the deposition process is carried out on the substrate with electrodes (eg, "corona pincushion") arranged behind the transfer belt or insulating roll, with the same polarity as the powder particles. To ensure a homogeneous deposition process, the "corona pincushion" can be subjected to vibration. Furthermore, the transfer belt or the insulator roll can be made of porous material and in the field of powder transfer additionally by an air flow be flowed through to assist the powder transfer to the substrate.
    Furthermore, in the area of the powder transfer, the transfer belt can be guided by a high-voltage-carrying roller whose surface structure additionally has corona points. In the area of the powder transfer, this roller can additionally be traversed by an air flow in order to assist the detachment of the particles from the transfer belt.
  5. e) The powder deposits on the substrate by means of electrostatic forces; in the case of the electrically conductive, grounded substrate (eg metallic coil) no further support of the deposition process is required; In the case of electrically insulating or low-conductivity substrates, the deposition is assisted by the use of (to the powder) counterpolar charges (unipolar ionized air) on the back side of the substrate.
    In addition, by a discharge station (use of bipolar ionized air), the charge on the transfer belt or the insulating material roll can be removed after the transfer of the powder to the substrate in order to ensure a constant powder deposition.
  6. f) the applied powder is replaced by continuous metered addition of powder into the fluidizing tank in order to ensure a constant filling level and thus constant amounts of powder transferred to the substrate.

Bei elektrisch leitfähigem oder halbleitfähigem Pulvermaterial arbeitet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wie folgt:

  1. a) Das Pulver wird in einem Fluidisierbehälter fluidisiert und nicht aufgeladen.
  2. b) Eine rotierende Walze bzw. ein Transferband aus vorzugsweise Isoliermaterial wird elektrostatisch, beispielsweise mit unipolar ionisierter Luft, aufgeladen und zieht dadurch das nichtgeladene, halbleitfähige oder leitfähige Pulver durch Influenzkräfte an.
  3. c) Die rotierende Walze bzw. das Transferband transportiert das anhaftende Pulver zum Substrat hin.
  4. d) im Bereich des Substrates wird mit hinter dem Transferband bzw. der Walze angeordneten Elektroden (z.B. "Korona-Nadelkissen") mit zu den Pulverpartikeln gleichnamiger Polarität der Abscheideprozeß auf das Substrat eingeleitet; um den Abscheideprozeß zu gewährleisten, kann das "Korona-Nadelkissen" einer Vibration ausgesetzt werden. Weiterhin kann das Transferband bzw. die Walze aus porösem Material bestehen und im Bereich der Pulverübertragung von einem Luftstrom durchströmt werden, um die Pulverablösung vom Transferband zu unterstützen.
    Bei einem Alternativ-Verfahren wird das Transferband im Bereich der Pulverübertragung durch eine hochspannungsführende Walze geführt, deren Oberflächenstruktur beispielsweise Koronaspitzen aufweist. Diese Walze kann im Bereich der Pulverübertragung von einem Luftstrom durchströmt werden, um einen homogenen Pulvertransfer zum Substrat zu gewährleisten.
  5. e) Das Pulver scheidet sich elektrostatisch auf dem Substrat ab; im Falle eines elektrisch leitfähigen, geerdeten Substrates (z.B. metallisches Coil) ist keine weitere Unterstützung des Abscheidevorganges erforderlich; bei elektrisch isolierenden bzw. geringleitfähigen Substratmaterialien kann die Abscheidung durch Einsatz von (zum Pulver) gegenpolaren Ladungen (unipolar ionisierte Luft) auf der Rückseite des Substrates unterstützt werden. Da aufgeladene, elektrisch leitfähige Partikel bei der Abscheidung auf leitfähigem Substrat sofort ihre Ladung verlieren, sollte in diesem Fall die Haftung der Partikel auf dem Substrat verbessert werden, z.B. durch eine zusätzliche Kleberschicht.
    Durch eine Entladestation (Einsatz bipolar ionisierter Luft) kann die Ladung auf dem Transferband bzw. auf der Walze nach der Übertragung des Pulvers auf das Substrat reduziert werden, um die Aufnahme von weiterem Pulver im Fluidisierbehälter zu steuern. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Transferband bzw. die Walze in diesem Bereich mittels unipolar ionisierter Luft gesteuert aufgeladen werden.
  6. f) Das applizierte Pulver wird durch kontinuierliche Pulverzudosierung in den Fluidisierbehälter ersetzt, um ein konstantes Füllniveau und damit gleichbleibende auf das Substrat übertragene Pulvermengen zu gewährleisten.
In the case of electrically conductive or semiconductive powder material, the method according to the invention operates as follows:
  1. a) The powder is fluidized in a Fluidisierbehälter and not charged.
  2. b) A rotating roller or a transfer belt of preferably insulating material is charged electrostatically, for example, with unipolar ionized air, and thereby attracts the non-charged, semiconductive or conductive powder by Influenzkräfte.
  3. c) The rotating roller or the transfer belt transports the adhering powder to the substrate.
  4. d) in the region of the substrate is arranged with behind the transfer belt or the roller arranged electrodes (eg "corona pincushion") to the powder particles of the same polarity of the deposition process on the substrate; To ensure the deposition process, the "corona pincushion" can be subjected to vibration. Furthermore, the transfer belt or the roller can be made of porous material and flow through an air stream in the field of powder transfer in order to support the powder separation from the transfer belt.
    In an alternative method, the transfer belt is guided in the field of powder transfer through a high-voltage-carrying roller whose surface structure, for example, has corona points. This roller can be used in the field of powder transfer flow through an air stream to ensure a homogeneous powder transfer to the substrate.
  5. e) The powder is deposited electrostatically on the substrate; in the case of an electrically conductive, grounded substrate (eg metallic coil) no further support of the deposition process is required; In the case of electrically insulating or low-conductivity substrate materials, the deposition can be assisted by using (to the powder) counterpolar charges (unipolar ionized air) on the back side of the substrate. Since charged, electrically conductive particles lose their charge immediately upon deposition on a conductive substrate, in this case the adhesion of the particles to the substrate should be improved, for example by an additional adhesive layer.
    By means of a discharge station (use of bipolar ionized air), the charge on the transfer belt or on the roller can be reduced after the transfer of the powder to the substrate in order to control the absorption of further powder in the fluidization container. Alternatively or additionally, the transfer belt or the roller can be charged controlled in this area by means of unipolar ionized air.
  6. f) The applied powder is replaced by continuous metered addition of powder into the fluidizing tank in order to ensure a constant filling level and thus constant amounts of powder transferred to the substrate.

Im folgenden werden einige Beispiele erfindungsgemäßer Verfahren und erfindungsgemäßer Vorrichtungen beschrieben. Dabei zeigen die Figuren 1 bis 11 verschiedene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtungen bzw. Teile hiervon.In the following, some examples of methods according to the invention and devices according to the invention will be described. 1 to 11 show various devices according to the invention or parts thereof.

Im folgenden werden mit gleichen oder ähnlichen Bezugszeichen gleiche oder ähnliche Elemente beschrieben.Hereinafter, the same or similar reference numerals will describe the same or similar elements.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung für die Beschichtung eines Substrates 10 mit elektrisch nichtleitenden Pulverpartikeln.1 shows a device according to the invention for coating a substrate 10 with electrically non-conductive powder particles.

Unterschiede ergeben sich im folgenden zwischen den einzelnen Vorrichtungen zum einen durch die Verwendung entweder elektrisch nichtleitender Partikel oder elektrisch leitender bzw. halbleitender Partikel. Zum anderen kann die Beschichtung des Substrates von unten oder von oben erfolgen. Dies ist beispielsweise in den Fign. 1 bis 6 dargestellt, wo die Beschichtung des Substrates von unten erfolgt. Vorteil dieses Konzeptes ist dabei die Vermeidung der Substratverschmutzung durch herabfallendes Pulver von der Transfervorrichtung. Prinzipiell kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren aber auch für die Beschichtung des Substrates von oben bzw. von der Seite angewandt werden. Hierzu wird dann beispielsweise das Transferband durch Umlenkrollen entsprechend geführt. Dies ist beispielsweise in Fign. 7 und 8 dargestellt. Eine vertikale Beschichtung ist in den Fign. 9 und 10 dargestellt. Das Substrat kann dabei weiterhin zum einen in die gleiche oder in die entgegengesetzte Richtung wie die Transfervorrichtung bewegt werden.Differences arise in the following between the individual devices on the one hand by the use of either electrically non-conductive particles or electrically conductive or semiconducting particles. On the other hand, the coating of the substrate can be done from below or from above. This is for example shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, where the coating of the substrate takes place from below. Advantage of this concept is to avoid the substrate contamination by falling powder from the transfer device. In principle, however, the method according to the invention can also be used for coating the substrate from above or from the side. For this purpose, for example, the transfer belt is guided accordingly by deflection rollers. This is for example in Figs. 7 and 8 shown. A vertical coating is shown in Figs. 9 and 10 are shown. The substrate can continue to be moved in the same or in the opposite direction as the transfer device.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Fluidisierbehälter 1 mit einer Zufuhr 2 für unipolar ionisierte Fluidisierluft. Mit dieser Fluidisierluft wird ein über eine Pulverzuführung 4 zugeführtes Lackpulver fluidisiert. Dieses Lackpulver ist hier aus einem elektrisch nichtleitenden Material und wird ebenfalls unipolar aufgeladen. In dem Fluidisierbehälter 1 taucht in einem Abscheidebereich 8 eine Walze 5 mit einer Walzenoberfläche 6 ein. Diese Walze ist im Bereich des Fluidisierbehälters 1 mit einem feststehenden Kern 11 hinterlegt. Dieser Kern 11 ist elektrisch leitfähig, beispielsweise aus Metall und mit einer Erdung 12 geerdet. Im Bereich des Fluidisierbehälters führt nun das elektrostatische Feld zwischen dem geerdeten Kern 11 und den polarisierten Pulverpartikel dazu, daß diese zu der Walze 5 hingezogen und auf deren Oberfläche 6 als Pulverbeschichtung 7 abgeschieden werden. Die Walze wird nun in Richtung des Pfeiles A gedreht, so daß die beschichtete Oberfläche 6 der Walze 5 sich aus dem Fluidisierbehälter herausbewegt. Damit verläßt sie auch den durch den Kern 11 hinterlegten Bereich und tritt in einen nicht hinterlegten Übertragungsbereich 9 ein, in dem die Oberfläche 6 der Walze 5 parallel zu einem Substrat sich in Richtung B bewegt. Außerhalb des Übertragungsbereiches 9 jeweils hinter dem Substrat bzw. hinter der Walze 5 ist jeweils eine Hochspannungselektrode 14, 14' angeordnet. Diese erzeugen ein elektrostatisches Feld, das die unipolar geladenen Pulverpartikel in Richtung des isolierenden Substrates 10 von der Walzenoberfläche 6 zu dem Substrat 10 bewegt. Damit wird das Lackpulver von der Walze 5 auf das Substrat 10 übertragen.Fig. 1 shows a fluidizing tank 1 with a supply 2 for unipolar ionized fluidizing air. This fluidizing air is used to fluidize a paint powder supplied via a powder feed 4. This paint powder is here of an electrically non-conductive material and is also charged unipolar. In the fluidizing container 1, a roller 5 with a roller surface 6 is immersed in a separating region 8. This roller is deposited in the region of the fluidizing container 1 with a fixed core 11. This core 11 is electrically conductive, for example made of metal and grounded to a ground 12. In the area of the fluidizing container, the electrostatic field between the grounded core 11 and the polarized powder particles now causes them to be attracted to the roller 5 and deposited on the surface 6 thereof as a powder coating 7. The roller is now rotated in the direction of arrow A, so that the coated surface 6 of the roller 5 moves out of the fluidizing tank. Thus, it also leaves the area deposited by the core 11 and enters a non-deposited transfer area 9, in which the surface 6 of the roller 5 moves in the direction B parallel to a substrate. Outside the transfer region 9, in each case behind the substrate or behind the roller 5, a high-voltage electrode 14, 14 'is arranged in each case. These generate an electrostatic field which moves the unipolar charged powder particles in the direction of the insulating substrate 10 from the roll surface 6 to the substrate 10. Thus, the paint powder is transferred from the roller 5 to the substrate 10.

Im weiteren Verlauf der Drehung der Walze passiert diese eine Elektrode 13, die dazu dient, residuale Aufladungen der Oberfläche 6 der Walze 5 zu entfernen. Anschließend taucht die depolarisierte Oberfläche 6 der Walze 5 wieder in den Fluidisierbehälter 1 ein, in dessen Bereich sie durch den Kern 11 hinterlegt ist. Folglich kann sie dann wieder Pulver aufnehmen.In the further course of the rotation of the roller, this passes through an electrode 13, which serves to remove residual charges of the surface 6 of the roller 5. Subsequently, the depolarized surface 6 of the roller 5 dives again into the fluidizing container 1, in the region of which it is deposited by the core 11. Consequently, she can then pick up powder again.

Damit wird insgesamt erreicht, daß die Beschichtung 7 der Walzenoberfläche 6 als Beschichtung 15 des Substrates 10 niedergeschlagen wird. Da hier keinerlei Luftströmungen verwendet werden, erfolgt eine turbulenzfreie Übertragung des Pulvers, wodurch eine extrem homogene und dünne Pulverschicht erzeugt werden kann.This is achieved overall that the coating 7 of the roller surface 6 is deposited as a coating 15 of the substrate 10. Since no air flows are used here, there is a turbulence-free transmission of the powder, whereby an extremely homogeneous and thin powder layer can be produced.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein weiteres Beispiel, bei dem jedoch als Transfervorrichtung statt einer Walze 5 ein Band 19 verwendet wird. Dieses wird über drei Umlenkwalzen 22, 22', 22'' zum einen durch den Fluidisierbehälter 1 geführt und anschließend über die Walzen 22', 22'' in gleiche Richtung B parallel zu dem Substrat 10 geführt. Die weitere Anordnung dieser Vorrichtung ist die selbe wie in Fig. 1.Fig. 2 shows a further example in which, however, as a transfer device instead of a roller 5, a band 19 is used. This is guided via three deflection rollers 22, 22 ', 22' 'on the one hand through the fluidization vessel 1 and then guided over the rollers 22', 22 '' in the same direction B parallel to the substrate 10. The further arrangement of this device is the same as in FIG. 1.

Im Unterschied zu Fig. 1 ist nun die Walze 22 elektrisch leitfähig, beispielsweise aus Metall. Damit ist wieder eine elektrisch leitfähige Hinterlegung des elektrisch isolierenden bzw. halbleitfähigen Bandes 19 im Bereich des Fluidisierbehälters 1 bewirkt. Nicht eingezeichnet ist in Fig. 2 die Entlüftung 3 des Fluidisierbehälters 1.In contrast to FIG. 1, the roller 22 is now electrically conductive, for example made of metal. This again causes an electrically conductive deposit of the electrically insulating or semiconductive band 19 in the region of the fluidizing container 1. Not shown in Fig. 2, the vent 3 of the fluidization tank. 1

Das Band bewegt sich hier mit einer Bandgeschwindigkeit von ca. 1 m/s und wird wiederum mit polarisierten Pulverpartikeln als Beschichtung 7 beschichtet. Diese Pulverpartikel sind in diesem Beispiel negativ polarisiert.The belt moves here at a belt speed of about 1 m / s and in turn is coated with polarized powder particles as a coating 7. These powder particles are negatively polarized in this example.

Die Elektroden 14, 14' und 13 sind wie in Fig. 1 Koronaelektroden bzw. "Korona-Nadelkissen". Diese können beweglich sein, so daß durch leichte Vibration dieser Nadelkissen eine optimierte Ablösung des Pulvers von dem Band 19 eintritt. Während die Elektrode 14' bei negativ polarisierten Pulverpartikeln eine negative Spannung aufweist, kann die Elektrode 14 entweder geerdet sein oder eine positive Spannung aufweisen. Dasselbe gilt für die Elektrode 13, mittels der eine vollständige Entladung des Bandes mit bipolar ionisierter Luft einer Koronaentladung oder durch passive Ionisierung bewirkt wird.The electrodes 14, 14 'and 13 are as in Fig. 1 corona electrodes or "corona pincushion". These can be movable so that an optimized detachment of the powder from the belt 19 occurs by slight vibration of these pincushion. While the electrode 14 'has a negative voltage with negatively polarized powder particles, the electrode 14 may either be grounded or have a positive voltage. The same applies to the electrode 13, by means of which a complete discharge of the band with bipolar ionized air of a corona discharge or by passive ionization is effected.

Zusätzlich zu Fig. 1 weist die vorliegende Vorrichtung weiterhin eine Absaugung 24 auf der Rückseite des Bandes 19 auf. Dadurch werden auf die Rückseite des Bandes verschleppte Pulverpartikel entfernt, während die Vorderseite mit der Beschichtung 7 nicht verändert wird. Weiterhin ist zwischen den Walzen 22 und 22' das Band mit einer Hinterlegung 20 versehen, die geerdet ist. Diese Hinterlegung 20, beispielsweise ein Metallblech, führt dazu, daß auch in diesem Transportbereich die polarisierten Partikel besser auf der Oberfläche des Transportbandes haften.In addition to FIG. 1, the present device further comprises an exhaust 24 on the back of the belt 19. As a result, powder particles entrained on the rear side of the belt are removed, while the front side with the coating 7 is not changed. Furthermore, between the rollers 22 and 22 ', the band is provided with a deposit 20, which is grounded. This deposit 20, for example, a metal sheet, causes the polarized particles adhere better to the surface of the conveyor belt in this transport area.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine weitere Vorrichtung, die derjenigen aus Fig. 2 entspricht, wobei jedoch die Koronaelektrode 14' der vorigen Figur ersetzt ist durch eine hochspannungsführende Walze 23. Diese erzeugt ebenfalls wie die Elektrode 14' in Fig. 2 ein elektrisches Feld, das die Partikel von dem Band 19 auf das Substrat 10 überträgt.Fig. 3 shows a further device similar to that of Fig. 2, but with the corona electrode 14 'of the previous figure replaced by a high voltage carrying roller 23. This also generates like the electrode 14' in Fig. 2 an electric field, the transfers the particles from the belt 19 to the substrate 10.

In Fig. 3 ist weiterhin die Walze 22 mit einer Erdung 12 verbunden, so wie das auch für den Kern 11 in Fig. 1 der Fall ist.In Fig. 3, the roller 22 is further connected to a ground 12, as well as for the core 11 in Fig. 1 is the case.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einer Walze 5 und einer Walzenoberfläche 6, mit der elektrisch leitfähige bzw. halbleitfähige Pulverpartikel übertragen werden können.FIG. 4 shows a further device according to the invention with a roller 5 and a roller surface 6, with which electrically conductive or semiconductive powder particles can be transferred.

In diesem Falle ist die durch die Zufuhr 2 in den Fluidisierbehälter 1 eingeführte Fluidisierluft nicht ionisiert. Das elektrisch leitende bzw. halbleitende Pulver wird durch die Zufuhr 4 in den Fluidisierbehälter 1 eingebracht. Weiterhin ist eine Entlüftung 3 zur Abfuhr von Fluidisierluft mit dem Fluidisierbehälter 1 verbunden.In this case, the fluidization air introduced into the fluidizing tank 1 by the supply 2 is not ionized. The electrically conductive or semiconducting powder is introduced through the feed 4 into the fluidizing tank 1. Furthermore, a vent 3 for removing fluidizing air is connected to the fluidizing tank 1.

Im Unterschied zu Fig. 1 ist nunmehr die Walze elektrisch isolierend und kann in ihrem Kern gefüllt oder nicht gefüllt sein. Die Walzenoberfläche 6 wird nun beispielsweise mittels des "Korona-Nadelkissens" 13 unipolar (z.B. negativ) ionisiert und taucht dann in den Fluidisierbehälter 1 ein. Das elektrisch leitfähige oder halbleitfähige Pulver wird durch Influenz nunmehr auf die Oberfläche 6 der Walze 5 angezogen und bildet dort eine Pulverbeschichtung 7. Mit weiterer Drehung der Walze in Richtung des Pfeiles A wird diese Beschichtung in einen Übertragungsbereich transportiert, in dem mittels "Korona-Nadelkissen" 14, 14' die Pulverpartikel auf das Substrat 10 übertragen werden. Das "Korona-Nadelkissen" 14 besitzt dabei eine negative Spannung, während das "Korona-Nadelkissen" 14' geerdet oder eine positive Spannung aufweisen kann. Umgekehrt könnte auch das "Korona-Nadelkissen" 14' positiv aufgeladen und das "Korona-Nadelkissen" 14 geerdet und/oder eine negative Spannung besitzen.In contrast to FIG. 1, the roller is now electrically insulating and can be filled in its core or not filled. The roll surface 6 is now ionized unipolar (e.g., negative) by, for example, the "corona pincushion" 13, and then immersed in the fluidizing tank 1. The electrically conductive or semiconductive powder is now attracted by influence to the surface 6 of the roller 5 and forms there a powder coating 7. With further rotation of the roller in the direction of arrow A, this coating is transported to a transfer area in which by means of "corona pincushion "14, 14 'the powder particles are transferred to the substrate 10. The "corona pincushion" 14 has a negative voltage, while the "corona pincushion" 14 'can grounded or have a positive voltage. Conversely, the "corona pincushion" 14 'could also be positively charged and the "corona pincushion" 14 grounded and / or have a negative voltage.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine entsprechende Vorrichtung, wobei jedoch als Transfervorrichtung ein Band 19 verwendet wird. Dieses wird wie in Fig. 2 über drei Walzen 22, 22' 22'' geführt. Da die Pulverpartikel elektrisch leitfähig bzw. elektrisch halbleitfähig sind, ist jetzt das Band 19 elektrisch isolierend bzw. halbleitfähig. Seine Bandgeschwindigkeit beträgt beispielsweise 1 m/s. Dieses Band wird über die Koronaelektrode 13 mittels bipolar inonisierter Luft teilweise entladen bzw. mittels unipolarer und ionisierter Luft gesteuert aufgeladen. Die Walze 22 besteht aus elektrisch halbleitfähigem oder isolierendem Material. Aufgrund der Aufladung des Bandes 19 über die Elektrode 13 wird nun das elektrisch leitfähige bzw. halbleitfähige Pulver über Influenz angezogen und schlägt sich auf der Oberfläche des Bandes 19 als Beschichtung 7 nieder. Die Rückseite des Bandes wird mittels einer Absaugung 24 zwischen den Walzen 22 und 22' von Pulver befreit.Fig. 5 shows a corresponding device, but using a tape 19 as a transfer device becomes. This is as shown in Fig. 2 via three rollers 22, 22 '22''out. Since the powder particles are electrically conductive or electrically semiconductive, the band 19 is now electrically insulating or semiconductive. Its belt speed is for example 1 m / s. This band is partially discharged via the corona electrode 13 by means of bipolar-inonised air or charged controlled by means of unipolar and ionized air. The roller 22 is made of electrically semiconductive or insulating material. Due to the charging of the belt 19 via the electrode 13, the electrically conductive or semiconductive powder is now attracted by influence and precipitates on the surface of the belt 19 as a coating 7. The back of the belt is freed of powder by means of a suction 24 between the rollers 22 and 22 '.

Die Übertragung des Pulvers auf das Substrat 9 in dem Übertragungsbereich 9 erfolgt wie vorstehend beschrieben.The transfer of the powder to the substrate 9 in the transfer area 9 takes place as described above.

Die in den Fign. 4 und 5 dargestellten Vorrichtungen sind insbesondere geeignet für Substrate mit geringer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit.The in Figs. 4 and 5 are particularly suitable for substrates with low electrical conductivity.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere entsprechende Vorrichtung wie in Fig. 5, wobei jedoch die Koronaelektrode 14' durch eine hochspannungsführende Walze 23 ersetzt ist. Alle weiteren Elemente sind gleich wie in Fig. 5.Fig. 6 shows a further corresponding device as in Fig. 5, but wherein the corona electrode 14 'is replaced by a high-voltage roller 23. All other elements are the same as in FIG. 5.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine weitere Vorrichtung, wobei hier insgesamt sechs Umlenkwalzen 22 bis 22''''' eingesetzt werden. Diese Vorrichtung entspricht derjenigen aus Fig. 2 und Fig. 3, wobei jedoch durch die zusätzlichen Umlenkwalzen nunmehr das Band 19 oberhalb des Substrates 10 geführt wird. Dadurch erfolgt nunmehr eine Beschichtung des Substrates von oben.Fig. 7 shows a further device, in which case a total of six guide rollers 22 to 22 '''''are used. This device corresponds to that of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, but with the additional Deflection rollers now the belt 19 is guided above the substrate 10. As a result, now takes place a coating of the substrate from above.

Auch Fig. 8 zeigt ebenso wie Fig. 7 eine Vorrichtung, mit der elektrisch nichtleitende Pulverpartikel auf ein elektrisch leitendes Substrat 10 übertragen werden. Als Substrat 10 ist hier beispielsweise ein Blech dargestellt, das auf Förderrollen 25 in Richtung des Pfeiles B transportiert wird. Weiterhin sind in dieser Figur die Umlenkrollen 22 bis 22''' auf Pfeilern 26 bis 26''' gelagert und gehaltert. Im Unterschied zu Fig. 7 ist hier lediglich eine Koronaelektrode 14 ("Korona-Nadelkissen") vorgesehen, mit dem die negativ polarisierten Partikel der Beschichtung 7 von dem Transferband 19 gelöst werden. Hierzu ist die Elektrode 14 negativ aufgeladen. Es bildet sich so eine Pulverbeschichtung 15 auf dem Blech 10.Like FIG. 7, FIG. 8 also shows a device with which electrically non-conductive powder particles are transferred to an electrically conductive substrate 10. As a substrate 10, for example, a sheet is shown here, which is transported on conveyor rollers 25 in the direction of arrow B. Furthermore, in this figure, the pulleys 22 to 22 '' 'on pillars 26 to 26' '' stored and supported. In contrast to FIG. 7, here only one corona electrode 14 ("corona pincushion") is provided, with which the negatively polarized particles of the coating 7 are released from the transfer belt 19. For this purpose, the electrode 14 is negatively charged. It forms a powder coating 15 on the plate 10th

Fig. 9 zeigt ein weiteres Beispiel für eine vertikale Beschichtung eines vertikal verlaufenden Substrates 10. Mittels der Umlenkrollen 22 bis 22' ' ' ' ' wird das Transferband 19 so geführt, daß es im Transferbereich 9 senkrecht und damit parallel zum Substrat 10 verläuft. Der weitere Aufbau dieser Vorrichtung entspricht derjenigen in Fig. 7.9 shows a further example of a vertical coating of a vertically extending substrate 10. By means of the deflection rollers 22 to 22 '' '' ', the transfer belt 19 is guided so that it is perpendicular in the transfer region 9 and thus parallel to the substrate 10. The further construction of this device corresponds to that in FIG. 7.

Fig. 10 zeigt eine weitere Vorrichtung, die weitestgehend derjenigen aus Fig. 9 entspricht. Im Unterschied zu Fig. 9 wird hier jedoch das Substrat 10 senkrecht zu dem Transferband 19 befördert. Dies bedeutet, daß in der Fig. 10 das Substrat 10 senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene transportiert wird. Auch hierbei wird jedoch am Kreuzungspunkt zwischen dem Förderband 19 und dem Substrat 10 das Pulver mittels "Korona-Nadelkissen" 14, 14' auf das Substrat 10 übertragen.FIG. 10 shows a further device, which largely corresponds to that of FIG. 9. In contrast to FIG. 9, however, here the substrate 10 is conveyed perpendicular to the transfer belt 19. This means that in Fig. 10, the substrate 10 is transported perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. In this case too, however, at the point of intersection between the conveyor belt 19 and the substrate 10, the powder is transferred to the substrate 10 by means of "corona pincushion" 14, 14 '.

Fig. 11 zeigt eine Walze 5 mit einer Oberfläche 6, wie sie beispielsweise in den Fign. 1 und 4 verwendet wird. Die Walze 5 besitzt dabei ein Lager 16, das beispielsweise zu ihrer elektrischen Aufladung dienen kann. Die Oberfläche 6 der Walze 5 besitzt dabei ein Muster, das durch Vertiefungen, Aussparungen oder einem Wechsel zwischen isolierenden und nichtisolierenden Bereichen ausgebildet werden kann. Dies führt dazu, daß die Walze.Pulver entweder nur in den Musterbereichen aufnimmt bzw. an das Substrat nur in den Musterbereichen abgibt. Damit ist auch eine Beschichtung in Form eines Musters auf das Substrat möglich.Fig. 11 shows a roller 5 with a surface 6, as shown for example in FIGS. 1 and 4 is used. The roller 5 in this case has a bearing 16 which can serve, for example, for its electrical charging. The surface 6 of the roller 5 in this case has a pattern that can be formed by recesses, recesses or a change between insulating and non-insulating areas. This leads to the fact that the roller either picks up powder only in the pattern areas or delivers it to the substrate only in the pattern areas. Thus, a coating in the form of a pattern on the substrate is possible.

Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Musterbeschichtung des Substrates besteht darin, daß die Elektroden 14, 14' ein Muster bilden und so nur in den von ihnen dargestellten Bereichen das Pulver von der Beschichtung 7 auf das Substrat 10 zur Erzeugung einer bemusterten Beschichtung 15 übertragen.Another possibility for pattern coating of the substrate is that the electrodes 14, 14 'form a pattern and thus transmit the powder from the coating 7 to the substrate 10 to produce a patterned coating 15 only in the areas they represent.

Weitere Beispiele für geeignete Transfervorrichtungen wären beispielsweise rotierende Scheiben, die während einer Drehung sowohl einen Beladebereich 8, z.B. in einer Fluidisierkammer 1, als auch einen Übertragungsbereich 9 durchlaufen. Das Substrat kann dann entweder eine parallel oder gegenläufig zu der Transferscheibe rotierende Scheibe sein, die den Scheibendurchmesser der Transferscheibe ganz oder nur teilweise überdeckt. Alternativ kann auch ein bandförmiges Substrat beschichtet werden, das in dem Übertragungsbereich die Übertragungsscheibe überdeckend relativ zu der Übertragungsscheibe bewegt wird.Further examples of suitable transfer devices would be, for example, rotating disks which, during rotation, comprise both a loading area 8, e.g. in a fluidizing chamber 1, as well as a transmission region 9. The substrate can then be either a disk rotating in parallel or in opposite directions to the transfer disk, which completely or only partially covers the disk diameter of the transfer disk. Alternatively, it is also possible to coat a strip-shaped substrate which, in the transfer area, moves the transfer disk in a covering manner relative to the transfer disk.

Claims (43)

  1. Method for coating substrates (10) with a powder layer (15), in that powder in a fluidising container (1) is deposited electrostatically on the surface of a transfer device (19), the transfer device (5) and the substrate (10) are guided relative to each other in a transfer region (9) in the same or the opposite direction or transversely relative to each other, the surface of the transfer device (19) which is coated with the powder layer (15) and the surface of the substrate (10) which is to be coated being disposed in the transfer region (9) forming a gap of more than 1 mm relative to each other, and the powder is transferred in the transfer region (9) from the transfer device (19) onto the substrate (10), an electrically insulating or semiconductive moving belt (19) being provided as transfer device (19) and
    in that in the transfer region (9), an electrical field which moves the powder particles towards the substrate (10) is generated by at least one corona high-voltage electrode (14') which is disposed behind the transfer device (19) relative to the gap and to which a high voltage is applied.
  2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterised in that, in the transfer region (9), the electrical field is generated with the help of a further electrode (14) which is disposed behind the substrate (10) relative to the gap and to which a high voltage is applied.
  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a homogeneous or non-homogeneous electrical field is generated.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least 10 kV are applied to at least one of the electrodes (14, 14').
  5. Method according to the preceding claim, characterised in that at least 30 kV are applied to the electrode (14, 14').
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterised in that a corona discharge is generated by the second electrode (14).
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, as electrode (14, 14'), a gas electrode is used or a roller is earthed or used at high voltage.
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in order to produce a homogeneous powder transfer to the moving substrate (10), at least one of the electrodes (14, 14') is subjected to a vibration.
  9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in order to produce a homogeneous powder transfer to the moving substrate (10), a porous, gridded or latticed transfer device (19) is used through which an airflow is guided.
  10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the speed of movement of the transfer device (19) is equal to, greater or less than the speed of the moving substrate (10).
  11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the transfer device (19) is guided in the transfer region at a spacing between 1 mm and 100 mm relative to the moving substrate (10).
  12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in order to produce a powder pattern on the substrate (10), a structured roller, belt (19) or disc is used.
  13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in order to produce a powder pattern on the substrate (10), a structured electrode or an electrode (14') which does not extend over the entire width of the substrate (10) is used.
  14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a non-conducting powder is used which is given a unipolar charge before deposition and is deposited on a transfer device (19) which is provided at least in the deposition region (8) with a conductive backing and which is itself not electrically conducting.
  15. Method according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the transfer device (19) has a conductive backing between the deposition region (8) and the transfer region (9) at least in regions.
  16. Method according to one of the two preceding claims, characterised in that the substrate (10) has a conductive backing in the transfer region (9) at least in regions.
  17. Method according to one of the three preceding claims, characterised in that the conductive backing is placed at earth potential or at the opposite potential relative to the polarity of the charged powder.
  18. Method according to one of the four preceding claims, characterised in that a transfer device (19) with a surface resistance between 106 and 1015 Ω according to the measuring method of DIN53482/VDE0303 part 3 is used.
  19. Method according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterised in that an electrically conductive and/or semiconducting powder is used and the transfer device (19) is charged electrically before deposition.
  20. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a non-conducting substrate (10) is used.
  21. Method according to at least one of the claims 1 to 19, characterised in that an electrically conductive or semiconducting moving substrate (10) is used.
  22. Mechanism for implementing the method according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    having a fluidising container (1) which contains powder,
    having a transfer device (19) which is configured as an electrically insulating or semiconductive belt (19), said transfer device passing through the fluidising container (1) in a deposition region (8) and being guidable in a transfer region (9) outwith the fluidising container (1) in the same or the opposite direction or transversely relative to a movable substrate (10), in the transfer region (9) the transfer device (19) and the substrate (10) forming a gap greater than 1 mm and
    at least one corona high-voltage electrode (14') being disposed in the transfer region (9) behind the transfer device (19) relative to the gap in order to generate an electrical field which moves the powder particles from the transfer device (19) to the substrate (10).
  23. Mechanism according to the preceding claim 22, characterised in that a further high-voltage electrode (14) is disposed in the transfer region (9) behind the substrate (10) relative to the gap in order to generate an electrical field.
  24. Mechanism according to claim 23, characterised in that the further electrode (14) is a corona electrode.
  25. Mechanism according to one of the preceding claims 23 and 24, characterised in that at least one of the electrodes (14, 14') is a gas electrode, a corona pincushion or a roller with or without corona tips.
  26. Mechanism according to one of the claims 23 to 25, characterised by a vibration device for producing a vibration at least of one of the electrodes (14, 14').
  27. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 25, characterised in that the transfer device (19) is porous, gridded or latticed.
  28. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 27, characterised in that the transfer device (19) is movable in the transfer region (9) at a speed which is equal to, greater or less than the speed of the substrate (10).
  29. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 28, characterised in that the spacing between the transfer device (19) and the substrate (10) in the transfer region (9) is adjustable between 1 mm and 100 mm.
  30. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 29, characterised in that in order to produce a powder pattern on the substrate (10), the transfer device (19) has a structured surface.
  31. Mechanism according to one of the claims 23 to 30, characterised in that in order to produce a powder pattern on the substrate (10), at least one of the electrodes (14, 14') is structured or at least one of the electrodes (14, 14') does not extend over the entire width of the substrate (10).
  32. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 31, characterised in that the transfer device (19) is not electrically conducting but is provided at least in the deposition region (8) with a conductive backing.
  33. Mechanism according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the backing is a body which is electrically conducting at least on its surface, for example a roller (22) or a plate electrode.
  34. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 33, characterised in that the transfer device (19) has, between the deposition region (8) and the transfer region (9), a conductive backing (20), for example a metallic sheet, at least in regions.
  35. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 34, characterised in that the substrate (10) has, in the transfer region, a conductive backing, for example an electrically conducting roller, at least in regions.
  36. Mechanism according to one of the four preceding claims, characterised in that the conductive backing is placed at earth potential or at the opposite potential relative to the polarity of the charged powder.
  37. Mechanism according to one of the five preceding claims, characterised in that the transfer device (19) has a surface resistance between 106 and 1015 Ω according to the measuring method of DIN53482/VDE0303 part 3.
  38. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 37, characterised in that the transfer device (19) is electrically charged.
  39. Mechanism according to one of the preceding claims 22 to 38, characterised in that the substrate (10) is non-conducting.
  40. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 38, characterised in that the substrate (10) is electrically conductive or semiconducting.
  41. Mechanism according to one of the claims 22 to 40, characterised in that the transfer device (19) is a movable belt and in that at least one roller (22) is provided which is submerged at least partially into the fluidising container (1) and in that the belt (19) can be guided around the roller (22) through the fluidising container (1).
  42. Mechanism according to claim 41, characterised in that the roller (22) is electrically conductive.
  43. Mechanism according to claim 41 or 42, characterised in that additional rollers (22', 22") are provided outwith the fluidising container (1) in order to deflect the belt (19).
EP02027916A 2001-12-20 2002-12-13 Process and apparatus for coating moving substrates Expired - Lifetime EP1321197B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10163025A DE10163025A1 (en) 2001-12-20 2001-12-20 Method and device for coating moving substrates
DE10163025 2001-12-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1321197A2 EP1321197A2 (en) 2003-06-25
EP1321197A3 EP1321197A3 (en) 2004-02-11
EP1321197B1 true EP1321197B1 (en) 2007-04-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02027916A Expired - Lifetime EP1321197B1 (en) 2001-12-20 2002-12-13 Process and apparatus for coating moving substrates

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1321197B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE358539T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10163025A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

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WO2012004179A2 (en) 2010-07-08 2012-01-12 Steag Power Minerals Gmbh Fly ash separation by means of corona discharge
KR101264393B1 (en) 2004-09-27 2013-05-14 아토테크더치랜드게엠베하 Process for the Transfer of Powders and Powder Coatings to Substrates

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US8046049B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2011-10-25 Biosense Webster, Inc. Robotically guided catheter
US8023846B2 (en) * 2007-06-07 2011-09-20 Eastman Kodak Company Segmented roller for flood coating system
DE102007042193A1 (en) * 2007-08-29 2009-03-05 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Process for producing a coating on a support and pressing tool or counter-tool
DE102008007219B4 (en) 2008-02-01 2010-02-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method and fluidizing tank for improving the charging of powder particles by means of new high-voltage pulsed technology
DE102012007240B4 (en) 2012-03-09 2014-03-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Adjustable high voltage resistor
US10010908B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2018-07-03 Igp Pulvertechnik Ag Method for coating a surface of an electrically non-conductive substrate with powder coatings
DE102018109019B4 (en) 2018-04-17 2022-10-20 Technische Universität Dresden Process for selective binder application, device for selective coating and its use
IT202100018608A1 (en) * 2021-07-14 2023-01-14 I Dek S R L Method and plant for the production of a flexible decorative plastic film for the coating of articles and films thus produced.
DE102022113575A1 (en) 2022-05-30 2023-11-30 Holger Volz Coating device and method for coating a flat workpiece with the coating device

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US3285167A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-11-15 Crocker Citizens Nat Bank Electrostatic printing system with controlled powder feed
US3979529A (en) * 1972-10-31 1976-09-07 Usm Corporation Electrostatic application of thermoplastic adhesive
JP2981674B2 (en) * 1990-07-12 1999-11-22 ノードソン株式会社 Transfer type application method of powder
JPH05115831A (en) * 1991-10-24 1993-05-14 Nordson Kk Transfer type coating method for powder and granular material.
DE19518817A1 (en) * 1995-05-23 1996-11-28 Krupp Ag Hoesch Krupp Applying covering layer to moving strip using powder
AU1947897A (en) * 1996-03-26 1997-10-17 Dsm N.V. Process for coating a board- or paper-like substrate with a powder paint composition

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101264393B1 (en) 2004-09-27 2013-05-14 아토테크더치랜드게엠베하 Process for the Transfer of Powders and Powder Coatings to Substrates
WO2012004179A2 (en) 2010-07-08 2012-01-12 Steag Power Minerals Gmbh Fly ash separation by means of corona discharge
WO2012003935A1 (en) 2010-07-08 2012-01-12 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Electric sorting by means of corona discharge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE358539T1 (en) 2007-04-15
EP1321197A3 (en) 2004-02-11
DE10163025A1 (en) 2003-07-17
DE50209859D1 (en) 2007-05-16
EP1321197A2 (en) 2003-06-25

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