EP0297520B1 - Method and apparatus for lacquering work pieces with an electrically insulating surface by electrostatic coating or by spray coating - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for lacquering work pieces with an electrically insulating surface by electrostatic coating or by spray coating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0297520B1
EP0297520B1 EP88110336A EP88110336A EP0297520B1 EP 0297520 B1 EP0297520 B1 EP 0297520B1 EP 88110336 A EP88110336 A EP 88110336A EP 88110336 A EP88110336 A EP 88110336A EP 0297520 B1 EP0297520 B1 EP 0297520B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
lacquering
conveyor
ionization
lacquered
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EP88110336A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0297520A2 (en
EP0297520A3 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Kreisler
Peter Minko
Friedrich Ludwig Siever
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Axalta Coating Systems Germany GmbH and Co KG
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Herberts GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/002Pretreatement
    • B05D3/005Pretreatment for allowing a non-conductive substrate to be electrostatically coated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/08Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/04Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
    • B05D1/045Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field on non-conductive substrates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0406Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for painting metallic motor vehicle bodies or components thereof with an electrically insulating, non-conductive surface by electrostatic application or spray application.
  • DE-B-17 90 220 describes the electrostatic coating of plastics and highly insulated metals.
  • the surfaces to be painted are directly exposed to a DC corona.
  • the same is described in DE-B-27 55 189 for surfaces to be painted which are to be coated with lacquers curable by UV radiation or electron radiation. In both cases, it is a plasma technology whereby free radicals are formed on the surfaces to be painted.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for painting at least once pre-painted metallic motor vehicle bodies or components thereof with an electrically insulating, non-conductive surface, by electrostatic application or spray application, which results in a uniform application of paint and thus in such a way without interference to lead.
  • this object can be achieved by such a method, which is characterized in that a uniform charge state is generated on the surface to be painted before the paint application by a positive and / or negative air ion flow, and that the metal mass to the painting body or part of it is grounded.
  • the surface can have a wide variety of electrical charge states, which can be demonstrated by measurement technology and can also be intentionally brought about beforehand by spraying charges in order to explain the interference effects can.
  • the most diverse electrical charge states - ranging from positive charging (polarity) through the charge-free state to negative charging (polarity) - have their causes in the treatment history. For example, by sanding out painting defects in the surface that has already been painted at least once, surface elements are generated that are charged by frictional electricity, the same thing happens when the surface, which has been painted at least once, is beheaded with sandpaper in order to level the surface.
  • Charge states are also generated by triboelectricity when the initial coating leaves the paint dryer (stoving oven) and shrinkage forces become effective in the paint layer during cooling.
  • the strong blowing with air for the purpose of cooling the painted surface also leads to electrical charges, the blowing speed for certain surface elements can be very different.
  • the various charging conditions by wiping the sanding dust with dry or damp dust-absorbing cloths, by blowing off sanding dust with compressed air and, if necessary, by passing the workpiece surface, which has already been painted at least once, through an electrostatic dust removal system, which generally still has residual charges on the surface leaves behind.
  • Mountain ridges and valleys arise where there are negative (pre) charges in narrower areas. Mountain ridges also tend to occur at the edge of negative (pre) charges.
  • the targeted and completely uniform charge state can be brought about either by applying unipolar air ions to the electrically insulating surface or by already painting the workpiece surface.
  • a unipolar state of the workpiece surface can be achieved with the aid of ionization electrodes or devices which are fed in with a high direct voltage, so that a unipolar charged ion wind, namely a either positively or negatively charged ion wind or air flow, is generated.
  • Positive polarity is preferably used.
  • the positively charged air ion flow in addition to the improved paint condition - meaning a paint layer evenly distributed over the entire workpiece surface with a finely structured surface and good packing density, but without markings due to the avoided interference effects - there is also the avoidance or reduction of electrostatic adhesive forces Dusting. It is known that the majority of dusts that occur in paint shops are positively charged at 80% by weight. A targeted and completely uniform charge state with positive polarity of the insulating or already at least once painted workpiece surface then leads to the fact that the majority of the dusts do not affect this surface due to the electrostatic repulsive forces.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible in particular to improve both the electrostatic application of paints, in particular metallic basecoats, and their applicator with conventional spraying devices. This makes it possible to achieve the same good effects in the electrostatic application of, for example, metallic basecoats as in the undisturbed spraying of such paints with normal compressed air guns by hand.
  • the procedure according to the invention makes it possible to carry out electrostatic painting, since interference effects due to special charge states of the paint droplets and partially the insulating - for example previously coated - workpiece surfaces are eliminated, which ensure a more uniform orientation and storage of the metal pigments and thus a more uniform effect formation with a defined absorption -, reflection and scattering behavior.
  • the invention also relates to a device by performing the described method.
  • This device has a conveyor system for the body to be painted or the component thereof, which passes through a painting zone. It is characterized in that the painting zone is preceded by an ionizing zone with devices for generating an air ion flow, and in that devices for permanent grounding of the metal mass of each individual body to be painted or components thereof are present in the area of the ionizing zone and the painting zone.
  • a targeted and completely uniform charge state is achieved on the workpiece surface.
  • the subsequent painting process can therefore take place under clear electrostatic conditions. This eliminates electrostatic interference caused by different charge states on the workpiece surface to be painted.
  • the ionization zone has ionization electrodes or ionization devices.
  • Known electrodes or devices such as are already in use, for example, for avoiding or reducing electrostatic dust adhesion forces can be involved.
  • ionization electrodes or devices are either fed in with high direct voltages to achieve unipolarly charged ion winds or air ion currents, the positive sense of polarity preferably being used, or they can also be fed in with high-tension alternating currents, producing an air ion flow which is approximately in the contains negative and positive air ions at the same time.
  • This air ion flow consisting of both types of air ions, is supplied to the workpieces with an insulating surface in the ionization zone, whereby undesired electrostatic pre-charging on the workpiece surfaces (e.g. the surface of automobile bodies) or on partial areas is avoided by creating a charge-neutral state.
  • the special conveyor is designed to allow the targeted and completely uniform state of charge and the subsequent painting process to be carried out under clearly controllable and controllable electrical conditions with regard to the application process technology and the safety rules and regulations to be observed.
  • the special conveyor for the bodies to be painted is preferably designed in the device according to the invention in such a way that the mounting or support elements for the bodies consist of insulators made of highly insulating material, such as highly insulating plastic or ceramic.
  • a normal floor conveyor can be used as a special conveyor, which is separated from the rest of the usual floor conveyor system and has insulators as support devices.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 (FIG. 1 shows the top view; FIG. 2 shows the associated side view of a schematic diagram consisting of both figures with the designation "schematic diagram, controllable charging of the bodies with ionized air") describe an example of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 (top view) shows the special conveyor and the incoming and outgoing strands of the usual floor conveyor system (1) for car bodies. The bodies are transported from right to left in the figure.
  • the conventional floor conveyor system (1) lowers in front of the ionizing and painting zone.
  • the bodies are taken over by the special conveyor / special floor conveyor (2).
  • a special floor conveyor can be, for example, an endlessly rotating plate conveyor, see Fig. 2 (side view), the plates made of insulating material e.g. consist of plastic or ceramic. The arrangement of the plates is shown in Fig. 1 (supervision).
  • the special floor conveyor conveys the bodies through the ionizing and painting zone. Then the usual floor conveyor system returns to its original level, takes over the bodies and runs to the other operations in the usual way.
  • an intermediate transport system can also be switched on, which transfers each individual body from the usual floor conveyor system to the special floor conveyor.
  • the body to be painted which is usually located on a transport sled, is completely separated from the usual conveyor system, for example a floor conveyor system, through the ionization zone to create the appropriate charge and then through the zone for the painting process.
  • a transport sled On the special floor conveyor, the body to be painted, which is usually located on a transport sled, is completely separated from the usual conveyor system, for example a floor conveyor system, through the ionization zone to create the appropriate charge and then through the zone for the painting process.
  • the body On the outlet side of the special conveyor, the body is returned to the normal transport system. If necessary, an intermediate transport can also be activated here to help smoothly transfer the workpiece, in particular the body.
  • the metal masses of bodies to be painted with an insulating surface are always forcibly grounded in the area of the usual conveyor system. Due to the separation of the two transport systems, there is also a compulsory earthing via cable in the area of the special conveyor system for each individual body, but for safety reasons only in the event of malfunctions or when entering the system in parallel in direct galvanic form.
  • the separation of the two transport systems also means, of course, the separation of, for example, bodies from the usual grounding, via the metal transport slides which are in direct contact with the ground, for example, with a floor conveyor system.
  • the transport slides are usually connected directly to the metal mass of each individual body, for example by means of conical metal pins.
  • the measurement of the current flowing out of the metal mass to earth is of great importance, since it can be seen from this whether the corresponding excess free charges generated by the influence flow out of the metal mass too quickly or in the desired sense, so that the targeted and completely uniform charge state is actually maintained.
  • the size of the current flowing from the metal mass of the body to the earth is also used as a triggering element for a control system which causes actuators consisting of high-resistance resistors and / or semiconductors connect the earth current line to limit the current so that this type of earthing then at least still remains effective as electrostatic earthing.
  • the special conveyor device of the device according to the invention as used in the method according to the invention, also allows a solution to this problem.
  • an earthed electrode touching the body surface can be installed on the special conveyor in the special conveyor area in such a way that it is and remains effective in the entire electrostatic painting area at a suitable point on the body surface.
  • This electrode can be designed in a foldable construction and can be folded away when it is no longer required for the workpiece in question.
  • the contacting electrode can be transported with the body to be painted via its own transport system, as long as it is required. For the next body, the electrode can be quickly returned, if necessary, by switching on an intermediate cleaning process.
  • a contactless spray electrode which is also grounded, can also be used according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the device according to the invention can therefore have corresponding measuring and control devices.
  • the above types of secured charge dissipation during the painting process benefit from the fact that the paint for contact charging must have a certain conductivity from the start (about 10 ⁇ 8 ohm ⁇ 1 x cm ⁇ 1 ⁇ a power of ten). Since the electrostatic painting process represents a re-painting and re-painting of the surface elements - starting from the surface area of a body where the electrodes (direct touch electrode or non-contact syringe electrode) are supposed to be effective - the charge dissipation in question here becomes the complete painting of the charge Body from the freshly applied paint - seen over the entire body surface - adopted itself.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 represent an example of a device for painting motor vehicle bodies or components thereof with an insulating, non-conductive surface according to the invention.
  • 1 denotes a conventional floor conveyor system, where 1a represents the incoming line and 1b the outgoing line.
  • a special conveyor 2 is designed as a separate floor conveyor.
  • the transfer takes place on a plate conveyor (e.g. made of plastic), whereby an intermediate transport can take place if necessary.
  • the special conveyor passes through the ionization zone and the painting zone (E-statics).
  • the transfer takes place to the running line of the floor conveyor system, possibly via an intermediate transport.
  • Earthing elements 5 are provided in the special conveyor system depending on the division or arrangement of the plates. 6 shows a derivative that can be regulated, for example, via semiconductors.
  • the triggering element for the control is the current flowing out of the metal mass to earth (this is determined via a current measuring element, not shown).
  • a positive earthing 7 is provided, which is important in the event of a fault or when entering the system; positive earthing can be done, for example, in galvanic form.
  • 8 shows a positive earthing of the car bodies when leaving the system, for example designed in a galvanic form.
  • FIG. 2 clearly shows the lowering of the incoming line of the conventional floor conveyor system 1a, the renewed appearance of the outgoing line 1b in its original level, and the special floor conveyor device 2, which has, for example, plates made of plastic or ceramic.

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  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Lackieren von metallischen Kraftfahrzeugkarossen oder Bestandteilen davon mit elektrisch isolierender, nicht leitender Oberfläche durch elektrostatischen Auftrag bzw. Spritzauftrag.The invention relates to a method and a device for painting metallic motor vehicle bodies or components thereof with an electrically insulating, non-conductive surface by electrostatic application or spray application.

Es ist bekannt, daß bei der Lackierung derartig isolierender bereits mindestens einmal vorlackierter Automobilkarossen und deren Teile, in einer Lackierzone durch elektrostatischen Auftrag bzw. Spritzauftrag häufig ungleichmäßige Lackschichten entstehen und zudem Störeffekte in Form sogenannter sich abzeichnender Berggrate, Täler und flacher Tafelberge auftreten. Diese Phänomene treten insbesondere bei der elektrostatischen Lackierung bzw. beim Spritzen von größflächigen Karosserien auf, die bereits mit mindestens einer Lackschicht z.B. mit der Grundierung versehen sind. Derartige Werkstücke werden mittels eines Transportsystems wie eines Flurfördersystems durch eine Lackierzone geleitet und aus dieser der weiteren Bearbeitung, wie Einbrennen usw., mit Hilfe dieses Fördersystems zugeführt.It is known that in the painting of such insulating, already at least once pre-painted automobile bodies and their parts, in a painting zone by electrostatic application or spray application, often uneven layers of paint occur and, in addition, disruptive effects occur in the form of so-called emerging mountain ridges, valleys and flat table mountains. These phenomena occur particularly in electrostatic painting or when spraying large bodies that already have at least one layer of paint e.g. are provided with the primer. Workpieces of this type are guided through a painting zone by means of a transport system, such as a floor conveyor system, and are fed from this to further processing, such as baking, etc., with the aid of this conveyor system.

Die unerwünschten Phänomene - wie vorstehend beschrieben - treten nach dem Einbrennen der in der Lackierzone hergestellten Lackschicht in Erscheinung (ergeben Ausschuß) und mußten bisher durch Abschleifen und erneutes Lackieren behoben werden.The undesirable phenomena - as described above - appear after the stoving of the lacquer layer produced in the lacquering zone (result in rejects) and have previously had to be remedied by sanding and repainting.

In der DE-B-17 90 220 wird die elektrostatische Beschichtung von Kunststoffen und hochisoliert gelagerten Metallen beschrieben. Die zu lackierenden Oberflächen werden direkt einer Gleichspannungskorona ausgesetzt. Gleiches wird in der DE-B-27 55 189 für zu lackierende Oberflächen beschrieben, die mit durch UV-Strahlung oder Elektronenstrahlung härtbaren Lacken lackiert werden sollen. Es handelt sich in beiden Fällen um eine Plasmatechnologie, wobei an den zu lackierenden Oberflächen freie Radikale gebildet werden.DE-B-17 90 220 describes the electrostatic coating of plastics and highly insulated metals. The surfaces to be painted are directly exposed to a DC corona. The same is described in DE-B-27 55 189 for surfaces to be painted which are to be coated with lacquers curable by UV radiation or electron radiation. In both cases, it is a plasma technology whereby free radicals are formed on the surfaces to be painted.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung eines Verfahrens, sowie einer Vorrichtung zum Lackieren von mindestens einmal vorlackierten metallischen Kraftfahrzeugkarossen oder Bestandteilen davon mit elektrisch isolierender, nicht leitender Oberfläche, durch elektrostatischen Auftrag bzw. Spritzauftrag, die zu einem gleichmäßigen Lackauftrag und damit zu einem solchen ohne Störeffekte führen.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for painting at least once pre-painted metallic motor vehicle bodies or components thereof with an electrically insulating, non-conductive surface, by electrostatic application or spray application, which results in a uniform application of paint and thus in such a way without interference to lead.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß diese Aufgabe durch ein derartiges Verfahren gelöst werden kann, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß auf der zu lackierenden Oberfläche vor dem Lackauftrag durch einen positiven und/oder negativen Luftionenstrom ein gleichmäßiger Ladungszustand erzeugt wird, und daß die Metallmasse der zu lackierenden Karosse oder des Bestandteils davon geerdet ist.It has been shown that this object can be achieved by such a method, which is characterized in that a uniform charge state is generated on the surface to be painted before the paint application by a positive and / or negative air ion flow, and that the metal mass to the painting body or part of it is grounded.

Ohne das Führen der mindestens einmal vorher lackierten Karossen mit dadurch isolierender bzw. nicht leitender Oberfläche durch eine Ionisierzone kann die Oberfläche die verschiedensten elektrischen Ladungszustände aufweisen, was meßtechnisch nachweisbar ist und vorher auch absichtlich durch Aufsprühen von Ladungen herbeigeführt werden kann, um die Störeffekte erkären zu können. Die verschiedensten elektrischen Ladungszustände - sich von der positiven Aufladung (Polung) über den ladungslosen Zustnad bis zur negativen Aufladung (Polung) erstreckend - haben ihre Ursachen in der behandlungstechnischen Vorgeschichte. So werden beispielsweise durch das Ausschleifen von Lackierfehlern in der bereits mindestens einmal vorher lackierten Oberfläche Flächenelemente erzeugt, die durch Reibungselektrizität aufgeladen sind, gleiches geschieht beim sogenannten Köpfen der mindestens einmal vorher lackierten Oberfläche mit Schleifpapier, um die Oberfläche einzuebnen. Weiterhin werden Ladungszustände durch Triboelektrizität erzeugt, wenn die Erstlackierung den Lacktrockner (Einbrennofen) verläßt und bei der Abkühlung Schrumpfungskräfte in der Lackschicht wirksam werden. Auch das kräftige Anblasen mit Luft zum Zwecke der Abkühlung der Lackierten Oberfläche führt zu elektrischen Aufladungen, wobei die Anblasgeschwindigkeit für bestimmte Flächenelemente sehr unterschiedlich sein kann. Hinzu kommen dann noch die verschiedensten Aufladungszustände durch das Abwischen von Schleifstaub mit trockenen oder feuchten Staubbindetüchern, durch das Abblasen von Schleifstaub mit Preßluft und ggfs. durch Durchlauf der mindestens bereits einmal lackierten Werkstückoberfläche durch eine elektrostatische Entstaubungsanlage, die in der Regel noch Restladungen auf der Oberfläche zurückläßt.Without passing the at least once previously painted car bodies with an insulating or non-conductive surface through an ionization zone, the surface can have a wide variety of electrical charge states, which can be demonstrated by measurement technology and can also be intentionally brought about beforehand by spraying charges in order to explain the interference effects can. The most diverse electrical charge states - ranging from positive charging (polarity) through the charge-free state to negative charging (polarity) - have their causes in the treatment history. For example, by sanding out painting defects in the surface that has already been painted at least once, surface elements are generated that are charged by frictional electricity, the same thing happens when the surface, which has been painted at least once, is beheaded with sandpaper in order to level the surface. Charge states are also generated by triboelectricity when the initial coating leaves the paint dryer (stoving oven) and shrinkage forces become effective in the paint layer during cooling. The strong blowing with air for the purpose of cooling the painted surface also leads to electrical charges, the blowing speed for certain surface elements can be very different. Added to this are the various charging conditions by wiping the sanding dust with dry or damp dust-absorbing cloths, by blowing off sanding dust with compressed air and, if necessary, by passing the workpiece surface, which has already been painted at least once, through an electrostatic dust removal system, which generally still has residual charges on the surface leaves behind.

Bei der experimentellen Aufklärung der Störeffekte konnte im Zusammenhang mit der negativen Aufladung der elektrostatisch aufzutragenden Lacktröpfchen aber auch der Lacktröpfchen, die durch die Zerreißvorgänge bei üblichen Spritztechniken ebenfalls negativ aufgeladen sind, nachgewiesen werden, daß beispielsweise flache und ebene Tafelberge dort entstehen, wo ein Flächenelement der zu lackierenden Oberfläche positiv (vor-)aufgeladen ist. Es wirken elektrostatische Anziehungskräfte.In the experimental elucidation of the interfering effects, it could be demonstrated in connection with the negative charging of the electrostatically applied paint droplets but also the paint droplets, which are also negatively charged due to the tearing processes with conventional spraying techniques, that flat and flat table mountains arise, for example, where a surface element of surface to be painted is positively (pre-) charged. There are electrostatic attractions.

Berggrate und Täler entstehen dort, wo sich in engeren Bereichen negative (Vor-)Aufladungen befinden. Auch an Randzonen negativer (Vor-)Aufladungen entstehen gern Berggrate.Mountain ridges and valleys arise where there are negative (pre) charges in narrower areas. Mountain ridges also tend to occur at the edge of negative (pre) charges.

Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann der gezielte und völlig gleichmäßige Ladungszustand entweder durch das Aufbringen unipolarer Luftionen auf die elektrisch isolierende Oberfläche bzw. bereits einmal lackierte Werkstückoberfläche herbeigeführt werden. Es ist aber möglich, einen Zustand der Ladungsneutralität zu erzielen, wie er zur Vermeidung von elektrostatisch anhaftendem Staub bereits heute vor allem in der Automobilserienlackierung mit durch hochgespannten Wechselstrom gespeisten Ionisierungselektroden bzw. -einrichtungen herbeigeführt wird.In the method according to the invention, the targeted and completely uniform charge state can be brought about either by applying unipolar air ions to the electrically insulating surface or by already painting the workpiece surface. However, it is possible to achieve a state of charge neutrality which is already being used today to avoid electrostatically adhering dust, especially in automotive OEM painting, using ionization electrodes or devices fed by high-voltage alternating current.

Ein unipolarer Zustand der Werkstückoberfläche kann mit Hilfe von Ionisierungselektroden bzw. -einrichtungen erzielt werden, die mit einer hohen Gleichspannung eingespeist sind, so daß ein unipolarer aufgeladener Ionenwind, nämlich ein entweder positiv oder negativ aufgeladener Ionenwind bzw. Luftstrom erzeugt wird. Vorzugsweise kommt die positive Polung zur Anwendung.A unipolar state of the workpiece surface can be achieved with the aid of ionization electrodes or devices which are fed in with a high direct voltage, so that a unipolar charged ion wind, namely a either positively or negatively charged ion wind or air flow, is generated. Positive polarity is preferably used.

Im Falle der bevorzugten Anwendung des positiv aufgeladenen Luftionenstroms tritt neben dem verbesserten Lackzustand - gemeint ist eine über die gesamte Werkstückoberfläche gleichmäßig verteilte Lackschicht mit höchstens feinstrukturierter Oberfläche und guter Packungsdichte, aber ohne Markierungen durch die vermiedenen Störeffekte - auch die Vermeidung bzw. Verminderung elektrostatischer Haftkräfte von Stäuben ein. Es ist bekannt, daß die Hauptmenge an Stäuben, die in Lackierbetrieben auftreten, zu 80 Gew.-% positiv aufgeladen ist. Ein gezielter und völlig gleichmäßiger Ladungszustand mit positiver Polung der isolierenden bzw. bereits mindenstens einmal lackierten Werkstückoberfläche führt dann dazu, daß die positive Hauptmenge der Stäube diese Oberfläche wegen der elektrostatischen Abstoßungskräfte nicht befällt.In the preferred application of the positively charged air ion flow, in addition to the improved paint condition - meaning a paint layer evenly distributed over the entire workpiece surface with a finely structured surface and good packing density, but without markings due to the avoided interference effects - there is also the avoidance or reduction of electrostatic adhesive forces Dusting. It is known that the majority of dusts that occur in paint shops are positively charged at 80% by weight. A targeted and completely uniform charge state with positive polarity of the insulating or already at least once painted workpiece surface then leads to the fact that the majority of the dusts do not affect this surface due to the electrostatic repulsive forces.

Sollte es z. B. zu einem kurzfristigen Staubbefall durch die Luftführung kommen, dann können sich keine Haftungskräfte zwischen den Staubteilchen und der zu lackierenden Werkstückoberfläche ausbilden. Die Staubteilchen werden dann einfach weiterfortgeblasen und im Umluftsystem abfiltriert.Should it e.g. B. come to a short-term dust infestation through the air duct, then no adhesive forces can form between the dust particles and the workpiece surface to be painted. The dust particles are then simply blown away and filtered off in the air recirculation system.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird es insbesondere möglich, sowohl die elektrostatische Applikation von Lacken, insbesondere die von Metallic-Basislacken, als auch deren Applikator mit herkömmlichen Spritzeinrichtungen zu verbessern. Es wird aus diese Weise möglich, bei der elektrostatischen Applikation von beispielsweise Metallic-Basislacken, gleich gut Effekte wie beim ungestörten Aufspritzen derartiger Lacke mit normalen Druckluftpistolen von Hand zu erzielen.The method according to the invention makes it possible in particular to improve both the electrostatic application of paints, in particular metallic basecoats, and their applicator with conventional spraying devices. This makes it possible to achieve the same good effects in the electrostatic application of, for example, metallic basecoats as in the undisturbed spraying of such paints with normal compressed air guns by hand.

Bei der Applikation von Metallic-Basislacken treten häufig aufgrund unterschiedlicher elektrostatischer Wechselwirkungen im Bereich der zu lackierenden Oberfläche Verschiebungen im Farbeindruck und in der Effektausbildung durch eine unregelmäßige Lagerung und Orientierung der Metallic-Pigmente auf (Veränderung im Flip-Flop).When applying metallic basecoats, there are often shifts in the color impression and in the effect formation due to irregular storage and orientation of the metallic pigments due to different electrostatic interactions in the area of the surface to be painted (change in the flip-flop).

Ein guter Metalleffekt wird nach dem Stand der Technik durch eine möglichst gleichmäßige horizontale Ausrichtung der plättchenförmigen Metallpgimente erzielt.According to the prior art, a good metal effect is achieved by the horizontal alignment of the platelet-shaped metal pigments being as uniform as possible.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise wird es möglich, eine elektrostatische Lackierung durchzuführen, da Störeffekte durch spezielle Ladungszustände der Lacktröpfchen und partiell der isolierenden - beispielsweise schon vorher beschichteten - Werkstückoberflächen ausgeschaltet sind, die eine gleichmäßigere Orientierung und Lagerung der Metallpigmente und damit eine gleichmäßigere Effektausbildung mit definiertem Absorptions-, Reflexions- und Streuungsverhalten aufweist.The procedure according to the invention makes it possible to carry out electrostatic painting, since interference effects due to special charge states of the paint droplets and partially the insulating - for example previously coated - workpiece surfaces are eliminated, which ensure a more uniform orientation and storage of the metal pigments and thus a more uniform effect formation with a defined absorption -, reflection and scattering behavior.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Vorrichtung durch Durchführung des beschriebenen Verfahrens. Diese Vorrichtung weist ein Fördersystem für die zu lackierende Karosse oder den Bestandteil davon auf, die eine Lackierzone durchläuft. Sie ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Lackierzone eine Ionisierzone mit Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung eines Luftionenstroms vorgeschaltet ist, und daß Einrichtungen zur Dauererdung der Metallmasse jeder einzelnen zu lackierenden Karosse oder Bestandteils davon im Bereich der Ionisierzone und der Lackierzone vorhanden sind.The invention also relates to a device by performing the described method. This device has a conveyor system for the body to be painted or the component thereof, which passes through a painting zone. It is characterized in that the painting zone is preceded by an ionizing zone with devices for generating an air ion flow, and in that devices for permanent grounding of the metal mass of each individual body to be painted or components thereof are present in the area of the ionizing zone and the painting zone.

In der Ionisierzone der erfindungsgemäßen Lackiervorrichtung wird ein gezielter und völlig gleichmäßiger Ladungszustand auf der Werkstückoberfläche erreicht. Der nachfolgende Lackiervorgang kann daher unter eindeutigen elektrostatischen Bedingungen ablaufen. Elektrostatische Störeffekte durch unterschiedliche Ladungszustände auf der zu lackierenden Werkstückoberfläche sind dadurch ausgeschaltet.In the ionization zone of the painting device according to the invention, a targeted and completely uniform charge state is achieved on the workpiece surface. The subsequent painting process can therefore take place under clear electrostatic conditions. This eliminates electrostatic interference caused by different charge states on the workpiece surface to be painted.

Die Ionisierzone weist Ionisierungselektroden bzw. Ionisierungseinrichtungen auf. Es kann sich um bekannte Elektroden bzw. Einrichtungen handeln, wie sie beispielsweise für die Vermeidung bzw. Minderung von elektrostatischen Staubhaftungskräften bereits im Einsatz sind.The ionization zone has ionization electrodes or ionization devices. Known electrodes or devices such as are already in use, for example, for avoiding or reducing electrostatic dust adhesion forces can be involved.

Diese Ionisierungselektroden bzw. -einrichtungen werden entweder mit hohen Gleichspannungen zur Erzielung unipolar aufgeladener Ionenwinde bzw. Luftionenströme eingespeist, wobei der positive Polungssinn vorzugsweise zur Anwendung kommt, oder sie können jedoch auch mit hochgespanntem Wechselstrom eingespeist sein, wobei ein Luftionenstrom erzeugt wird, der etwa im gleichen Maße negative und positive Luftionen gleichzeitig enthält. Dieser aus beiden Luftionenarten bestehende Luftionenstrom wird in der Ionisierzone den Werkstücken mit isolierender Oberfläche zugeführt, wobei unerwünschte elektrostatische Voraufladungen auf den Werkstückoberflächen (z.B. die Oberfläche von Automobilkarossen) oder auf Teilbereichen durch Schaffung eines ladungsneutralen Zustandes vermieden werden.These ionization electrodes or devices are either fed in with high direct voltages to achieve unipolarly charged ion winds or air ion currents, the positive sense of polarity preferably being used, or they can also be fed in with high-tension alternating currents, producing an air ion flow which is approximately in the contains negative and positive air ions at the same time. This air ion flow, consisting of both types of air ions, is supplied to the workpieces with an insulating surface in the ionization zone, whereby undesired electrostatic pre-charging on the workpiece surfaces (e.g. the surface of automobile bodies) or on partial areas is avoided by creating a charge-neutral state.

Um bei der erfindungsgemäßen Automobilkarossenlackierung den gewünschten und gleichmäßigen Ladungszustand zwecks verbessertem Lackstand und insbesondere guter Effektausbildung bei der elektrostatischen Metallic-Lackierung erheblich und vielfältig zu fordern, ist es günstig, gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, eine Sonderfördereinrichtung (gesonderter Flurförderer) zu verwenden, die, - abgetrennt vom üblichen Flurfördersystem - die Karossen durch die Ionisierzone und die nachfolgende Lackierzone führt.In order to demand the desired and uniform state of charge in the automotive body painting according to the invention in order to improve the paint level and in particular to produce good effects in electrostatic metallic painting considerably and in many different ways, it is advantageous, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, to use a special conveyor device (separate floor conveyor) which , - separated from the usual floor conveyor system - guides the bodies through the ionizing zone and the subsequent painting zone.

Die Sonderfördereinrichtung ist darauf abgestellt, den gezielten und völlig gleichmäßigen Ladungszustand sowie den nachfolgenden Lackiervorgang unter eindeutig kontrollier- und steuerbaren elektrischen Bedingungen im Hinblick auf die Applikationsverfahrenstechnik und die zu beachtenden sicherheitstechnischen Regeln und Vorschriften ablaufen lassen zu können.The special conveyor is designed to allow the targeted and completely uniform state of charge and the subsequent painting process to be carried out under clearly controllable and controllable electrical conditions with regard to the application process technology and the safety rules and regulations to be observed.

Die Sonderfördereinrichtung (gesonderter Flurförderer) für die zu lackierenden Karossen ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, daß die Halterungs- bzw. Trägerelemente für die Karossen aus Isolatoren aus hochisolierendem Material, wie hochisolierendem Kunststoff oder Keramik bestehen. Beispielsweise kann als Sonderfördereinrichtung ein normaler Flurförderer verwendet werden, der vom übrigen sonst üblichen Flurfördersystem abgetrennt ist und Isolatoren als Trägereinrichtungen aufweist. Die beigefügten Figuren 1 und 2 (Fig. 1 zeigt die Aufsicht; Fig. 2 zeigt die dazugehörige Seitenansicht einer aus beiden Figuren bestehenden Prinzipskizze mit der Bezeichnung "Prinzipskizze, regelbare Aufladung der Karossen mit ionisierter Luft") beschreiben ein Beispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung.The special conveyor (separate floor conveyor) for the bodies to be painted is preferably designed in the device according to the invention in such a way that the mounting or support elements for the bodies consist of insulators made of highly insulating material, such as highly insulating plastic or ceramic. For example, a normal floor conveyor can be used as a special conveyor, which is separated from the rest of the usual floor conveyor system and has insulators as support devices. The attached FIGS. 1 and 2 (FIG. 1 shows the top view; FIG. 2 shows the associated side view of a schematic diagram consisting of both figures with the designation "schematic diagram, controllable charging of the bodies with ionized air") describe an example of a device according to the invention.

Fig. 1 (Aufsicht) zeigt die Sonderfördereinrichtung sowie die zulaufenden und ablaufenden Stränge des üblichen Flurfördersystems (1) für Karossen. Der Transport der Karossen erfolgt von rechts nach links in der Figur.Fig. 1 (top view) shows the special conveyor and the incoming and outgoing strands of the usual floor conveyor system (1) for car bodies. The bodies are transported from right to left in the figure.

Wie auf Fig. 2 (Seitenansicht) ersichtlich, senkt sich das übliche Flurfördersystem (1) vor der Ionisier- und Lackierzone ab. Die Karossen werden von der Sonderfördereinrichtung/Sonderflurförderer (2) übernommen. Allgemein kann es sich bei einem derartigen Sonderflurförderer beispielsweise um einen endlos umlaufenden Plattenförderer handeln, siehe Fig. 2 (Seitenansicht), wobei die Platten aus isolierendem Material z.B. aus Kunststoff oder Keramik bestehen. Die Anordnung der Platten geht aus Fig. 1 (Aufsicht) hervor. Der Sonderflurförderer fördert die Karossen durch die Ionisier- und Lackierzone. Anschließend tritt das übliche Flurfördersystem wieder in seine ursprüngliche Ebene auf, übernimmt die Karossen und läuft zu den weiteren Arbeitsgängen in üblicher Weise.As can be seen in FIG. 2 (side view), the conventional floor conveyor system (1) lowers in front of the ionizing and painting zone. The bodies are taken over by the special conveyor / special floor conveyor (2). In general, such a special floor conveyor can be, for example, an endlessly rotating plate conveyor, see Fig. 2 (side view), the plates made of insulating material e.g. consist of plastic or ceramic. The arrangement of the plates is shown in Fig. 1 (supervision). The special floor conveyor conveys the bodies through the ionizing and painting zone. Then the usual floor conveyor system returns to its original level, takes over the bodies and runs to the other operations in the usual way.

Bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, wonach der die Ionisierzone und Lackierzone durchlaufende Sonderflurförderer von dem sonst üblichen Flurfördersystem getrennt ist, kann, falls dies notwendig ist, auch ein Zwischentransportsystem eingeschaltet sein, das jede einzelne Karosse vom üblichen Flurfördersystem auf den Sonderflurförderer übergibt.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, according to which the special floor conveyor passing through the ionization zone and painting zone is separated from the otherwise usual floor conveyor system, if necessary, an intermediate transport system can also be switched on, which transfers each individual body from the usual floor conveyor system to the special floor conveyor.

Auf dem Sonderflurförderer wird die zu lackierende Karosse, die sich in der Regel auf einem Transportschlitten befindet, völlig getrennt vom üblichen Fördersystem zu Beispiel einem Flurfördersystem durch die Ionisierzone zur Schaffung des geeigneten Ladungszustandes und anschließend durch die Zone für den Lackiervorgang geführt.On the special floor conveyor, the body to be painted, which is usually located on a transport sled, is completely separated from the usual conveyor system, for example a floor conveyor system, through the ionization zone to create the appropriate charge and then through the zone for the painting process.

An der Auslaufseite des Sonderförderers wird die Karosse wieder an das normale Transportsystem übergeben. Gegebenenfalls kann auch hier ein Zwischentransport eingeschaltet sein, um eine reibungslose übergabe des Werkstücks insbesondere der Karosse hilfreich zu unterstützen.On the outlet side of the special conveyor, the body is returned to the normal transport system. If necessary, an intermediate transport can also be activated here to help smoothly transfer the workpiece, in particular the body.

Die Metallmassen von zu lackierenden Karossen mit isolierender Oberfläche sind im Bereich des üblichen Fördersystems immer zwangsweise geerdet. Wegen Trennung der beiden Transportsysteme erfolgt eine zwangsweise Erdung über Kabel im Bereich des Sonderfördersystems für jede einzelne Karosse auch, jedoch aus sicherheitstechnischen Gründen nur bei Störungen oder Betreten der Anlage noch einmal parallel dazu in direkter galvanischer Form.The metal masses of bodies to be painted with an insulating surface are always forcibly grounded in the area of the usual conveyor system. Due to the separation of the two transport systems, there is also a compulsory earthing via cable in the area of the special conveyor system for each individual body, but for safety reasons only in the event of malfunctions or when entering the system in parallel in direct galvanic form.

Wie gesagt, bedeutet die Trennung der beiden Transportsysteme selbstverständlich auch die Trennung von beispielsweise Karossen von der sonst üblichen Erdung, über die aus Metall bestehenden Transportschlitten, die in direktem Erdkontakt mit beispielsweise einem Flurfördersystem stehen. Die Transportschlitten sind üblicherweise mit der Metallmasse jeder einzelnen Karosse direkt zu Beispiel durch konisch nach oben stehende Metallzapfen verbunden.As I said, the separation of the two transport systems also means, of course, the separation of, for example, bodies from the usual grounding, via the metal transport slides which are in direct contact with the ground, for example, with a floor conveyor system. The transport slides are usually connected directly to the metal mass of each individual body, for example by means of conical metal pins.

Im Bereich des Sonderförderers ist dann dafür gesorgt, daß die Metallmasse jedes einzelnen Werkstücks in der Ionisierungszone durch einen Spezialkontakt, beispielsweise am Schlitten oder an einer anderen geeigneten Stelle, gegebenenfalls über ein anzulkemmendes Kabel, immer geerdet bleibt. Hieraus ergeben sich vorteilhafte technische Möglichkeiten. Diese Vorteile liegen in der Einhaltung sicherheitstechnischer Bestimmungen einerseits. Andererseits ergibt sich jedoch durch die Trennung des Sondersystems von dem übrigen System auch die Möglichkeit den über die Metallmasse eines jeden Werkstücks den zur Erde abfließenden Strom zu messen und damit auch zu kontrollieren. Für die steuerungstechnische Seite ist die Messung des aus der Metallmasse zur Erde abfließenden Stromes von großer Bedeutung, da aus diesem zu erkennen ist, ob die entsprechenden durch Influenz erzeugten überschüssigen freien Ladungen zu schnell oder im gewünschten Sinne aus der Metallmasse abfließen, damit der gezielte und völlig gleichmäßige Ladungszustand auch tatsächlich erhalten bleibt.In the area of the special conveyor, it is then ensured that the metal mass of each individual workpiece in the ionization zone is always grounded by a special contact, for example on the slide or at another suitable location, possibly via a cable to be connected. This results in advantageous technical possibilities. On the one hand, these advantages lie in compliance with safety regulations. On the other hand, however, the separation of the special system from the rest of the system also makes it possible to measure the current flowing to earth via the metal mass of each workpiece, and thus also to control it. For the control engineering side, the measurement of the current flowing out of the metal mass to earth is of great importance, since it can be seen from this whether the corresponding excess free charges generated by the influence flow out of the metal mass too quickly or in the desired sense, so that the targeted and completely uniform charge state is actually maintained.

Würde es zum Beispiel innerhalb der bereits vorhandenen Vorlackierung durch hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit derselben zu einem unerwünschten schnellen Ladungsausgleich für die aufgesprühten Luftionen kommen, so kann die Größe des aus der Metallmasse der Karosse abfließenden Stromes auslösendes Element für eine Steuerung sein, die bewirkt, daß die aufzusprühenden Ladungen über den Luftionenstrom in verstärktem Maße (beispielsweise durch Erhöhung der Einspeisungsspannung für die Ionisierungselektroden bzw. -einrichtungen) zur Verfügung stehen. Das kommt einer Anpassung an die Charakteristik der bereits vorhandenen Vorlackierung gleich (Charakteristik = physikalische Eigenschaften).If, for example, there was an undesired rapid charge equalization for the sprayed-in air ions within the already existing pre-coating due to the high electrical conductivity of the same, the size of the current flowing out of the metal mass of the body could be a triggering element for a control system, which causes the sprayed on Charges via the air ion current are available to an increased extent (for example by increasing the supply voltage for the ionization electrodes or devices). This is equivalent to adapting to the characteristics of the existing pre-coating (characteristics = physical properties).

Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Anpassung an die Charakteristik einer Vorlackierung besteht darin, daß die Größe des aus der Metallmasse der Karosse zur Erde abfließenden Stromes ebenfalls als auslösendes Element für eine Steuerung benutzt wird, die bewirkt, daß sich aus Hochohmwiderständen und/oder Halbleitern bestehende Stellglieder in die Erdstromleitung zuschalten, um den Strom zu begrenzen, so daß diese Art der Erdung dann wenigstens immer noch als elektrostatische Erdung wirksam bleibt.Another possibility of adapting to the characteristics of a pre-coating is that the size of the current flowing from the metal mass of the body to the earth is also used as a triggering element for a control system which causes actuators consisting of high-resistance resistors and / or semiconductors connect the earth current line to limit the current so that this type of earthing then at least still remains effective as electrostatic earthing.

Selbstverständlich bleibt die bisher beschriebene Erdung der Metallmasse der Karosse bei dem nächsten Verfahrensschritt bzw. in der nächsten Stufe der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, der Lackierzone, bestehen, weil in dieser der Lackiervorgang elektrostatisch vollzogen wird, um wiederum die einschlägigen sicherheitstechnischen Vorschriften einzuhalten.Of course, the grounding of the metal mass of the body described so far remains in the next process step or in the next step of the device according to the invention, the painting zone, because the painting process is carried out electrostatically in this area in order in turn to comply with the relevant safety regulations.

Vielfach kann trotz Erdung der Metallmasse einer Karosse mit vorlackiertem Lackaufbau beim elektrostatischen Lackiervorgang die Wirkung der Ladungen die die Lacktröpfchen mit sich führen, nicht eindeutig gewährleistet sein. Es werden also auf eine vorlackierte Oberfläche Ladungen aufgebracht, die im Sinne einer funktionierenden Elektrostatik-Lackierung eigentlich zur Erde abgeleitet werden müßten, was aber nicht erfolgen kann, da der Untergrund auf den sie auftreffen (dieser besitzt eine Schichtdicke von ca. 70 bis 80 µm als ausgehärtete Lackschicht), ein hohes Isolationsvermögen aufweist und damit eine unzureichende Oberflächenleitfähigkeit besitzt.In many cases, despite the grounding of the metal mass of a body with a pre-painted paint structure during the electrostatic painting process, the effect of the charges that the paint droplets carry with them cannot be clearly guaranteed. Charges are applied to a pre-painted surface, which in the sense of a functioning electrostatic coating should actually be discharged to the earth, but this cannot be done because the surface they hit (this has a layer thickness of approx. 70 to 80 µm) as a hardened lacquer layer), has a high insulation capacity and therefore has an insufficient surface conductivity.

Die Sonderfördereinrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, wie sie beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren benutzt wird, gestattet auch eine Lösung dieser Problematik.The special conveyor device of the device according to the invention, as used in the method according to the invention, also allows a solution to this problem.

Zur Erdung der Metallmasse der Karosse kann beispielsweise in Sonderförderbereich eine die Karossenoberfläche berührende geerdete Elektrode so am Sonderförderer installiert sein, daß sie im gesamten elektrostatischen Lackierbereich an geeigneter Stelle der Karossenoberfläche wirksam ist und bleibt. Diese Elektrode kann in abklappbarer Bauweise ausgeführt sein und weggeklappt werden, wenn sie nicht mehr für das in Frage kommende Werkstück benötigt wird. Es kann auch eine automatische Reinigungsvorrichtung vorhanden sein, die eine zwischenzeitliche Reinigung der abklappbaren Elektrode vorsieht, so daß diese für die nächste zu lackierende Karosse wieder verfügbar ist.To ground the metal mass of the body, an earthed electrode touching the body surface, for example, can be installed on the special conveyor in the special conveyor area in such a way that it is and remains effective in the entire electrostatic painting area at a suitable point on the body surface. This electrode can be designed in a foldable construction and can be folded away when it is no longer required for the workpiece in question. There can also be an automatic cleaning device which provides for an intermediate cleaning of the foldable electrode so that it is available again for the next body to be painted.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die berührende Elektrode über ein eigenes Transportsystem mit der zu lackierenden Karosse mit transportiert werden, solange sie benötigt wird. Für die nächste Karosse kann die Elektrode rasch gegebenenfalls unter Einschaltung eines Zwischenreinigungsvorganges wieder zurückgeführt werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the contacting electrode can be transported with the body to be painted via its own transport system, as long as it is required. For the next body, the electrode can be quickly returned, if necessary, by switching on an intermediate cleaning process.

Anstelle einer berührenden, geerdeten Elektrode kann auch gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung eine berührungslose Spritzelektrode, die ebenfalls geerdet ist, Anwendung finden.Instead of a touching, grounded electrode, a contactless spray electrode, which is also grounded, can also be used according to a further embodiment of the invention.

Diese zur Erde gesicherten Ladungsableitungen haben den Vorteil, daß die durch den Lackiervorgang über die Lacktröpfchen, auf die Karossenoberfläche aufgebrachten Ladungen als Erdstrom gemessen und dadurch ebenfalls kontrolliert werden können. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann daher entsprechende Meß- und Steuervorrichtungen aufweisen.These charge leads secured to the earth have the advantage that the charges applied to the body surface by the paint droplets can be measured as earth current and can also be controlled thereby. The device according to the invention can therefore have corresponding measuring and control devices.

Den vorstehenden Arten einer gesicherten Ladungsableitung während des Lackiervorganges kommt zugute, daß der Lack zur Kontaktaufladung von Haus aus eine gewisse Leitfähigkeit besitzen muß (etwa 10⁻⁸ Ohm⁻¹ x cm⁻¹ ± eine Zehnerpotenz). Da der elektrostatische Lackiervorgang eine Nach- und Nachlackierung der Flächenelemente - ausgehend von dem Oberflächenbereich einer Karosse, wo die Elektroden (direkte Berührungselektrode oder berührungslose Spritzenelektrode) wirksam sein sollen - darstellt, wird die hier in Frage kommende Ladungsableitung im ersten Moment bis zur völligen Ganzlackierung der Karosse vom frisch applizierten Lack - über die gesamte Karossenoberfläche gesehen - selbst übernommen.The above types of secured charge dissipation during the painting process benefit from the fact that the paint for contact charging must have a certain conductivity from the start (about 10⁻⁸ ohm⁻¹ x cm⁻¹ ± a power of ten). Since the electrostatic painting process represents a re-painting and re-painting of the surface elements - starting from the surface area of a body where the electrodes (direct touch electrode or non-contact syringe electrode) are supposed to be effective - the charge dissipation in question here becomes the complete painting of the charge Body from the freshly applied paint - seen over the entire body surface - adopted itself.

Das Ganze ist viel einfacher realisierbar, wenn sich die vorstehenden technischen Möglichkeiten im Bereiche des Sonderförderers gemäß der Erfindung abspielen. Man müßte sonst jeden einzelnen Transportschlitten entsprechend ausrüsten, um eine Ladungsableitung während des Lackiervorganges jeder über das übliche Flurfördersystem transportierten Karosse ebenso sicher zu gewährleisten.The whole is much easier to implement if the above technical possibilities in the area of the special conveyor according to the invention take place. You would otherwise have to equip each individual transport sled accordingly to ensure that loads are discharged during the painting process of every body that is transported using the usual floor conveyor system.

Die beigefügten Figuren 1 und 2 stellen ein Beispiel für eine Vorrichtung zum Lackieren von Kraftfahrzeugkarossen oder Bestandteilen davon mit isolierender, nicht leitender Oberfläche gemäß der Erfindung dar.The attached Figures 1 and 2 represent an example of a device for painting motor vehicle bodies or components thereof with an insulating, non-conductive surface according to the invention.

1 bezeichnet ein übliches Flurfördersystem, wobei 1a den zulaufenden Strang und 1b den ablaufenden Strang darstellen. Zwischen 1a und 1b ist eine Sonderfördereinrichtung 2 als gesonderter Flurförderer gestaltet. Bei 3 erfolgt die Übergabe auf eine Plattenförderer (z.B. aus Kunststoff), wobei gegebenenfalls ein Zwischentransport erfolgen kann. Der Sonderförderer durchläuft die Ionisierzone sowie die Lackierzone (E-Statik). Bei 4 erfolgt die Übergabe auf den ablaufenden Strang des Flurfördersystems, gegebenenfalls über einen Zwischentransport. Im Sonderfördersystem sind Erdungselemente 5 je nach der Teilung bzw. der Anordnung der Platten zueinander vorgesehen. 6 stellt eine Ableitung dar, die beispielsweise über Halbleiter regelbar ist. Auslösendes Element für die Regelung ist der aus der Metallmasse zur Erde abfließende Strom (dieser wird über ein nicht eingezeichnetes Strommesselement bestimmt). Es ist eine Zwangserdung 7 vorgesehen, die bei Störung oder Betreten der Anlage wichtig ist; die Zwangserdung kann beispielsweise in galvanischer Form erfolgen. 8 stellt eine Zwangserdung der Karossen bei Verlassen der Anlage, beispielsweise ausgebildet in galvanischer Form dar. Die Figur 2 zeigt deutlich das Absenken des zulaufenden Stranges des üblichen Flurfördersystems 1a, das erneute Auftreten des ablaufenden Stranges 1b in seine ursprüngliche Ebene, sowie die Sonderflurfördereinrichtung 2, die beispielsweise Platten aus Kunststoff oder Keramik aufweist.1 denotes a conventional floor conveyor system, where 1a represents the incoming line and 1b the outgoing line. Between 1a and 1b, a special conveyor 2 is designed as a separate floor conveyor. At 3 the transfer takes place on a plate conveyor (e.g. made of plastic), whereby an intermediate transport can take place if necessary. The special conveyor passes through the ionization zone and the painting zone (E-statics). At 4, the transfer takes place to the running line of the floor conveyor system, possibly via an intermediate transport. Earthing elements 5 are provided in the special conveyor system depending on the division or arrangement of the plates. 6 shows a derivative that can be regulated, for example, via semiconductors. The triggering element for the control is the current flowing out of the metal mass to earth (this is determined via a current measuring element, not shown). A positive earthing 7 is provided, which is important in the event of a fault or when entering the system; positive earthing can be done, for example, in galvanic form. 8 shows a positive earthing of the car bodies when leaving the system, for example designed in a galvanic form. FIG. 2 clearly shows the lowering of the incoming line of the conventional floor conveyor system 1a, the renewed appearance of the outgoing line 1b in its original level, and the special floor conveyor device 2, which has, for example, plates made of plastic or ceramic.

Claims (10)

  1. A process for lacquering metallic motor vehicle bodies or parts thereof that have been precoated at least once, with electrically insulating, non-conductive surface, by electrostatic coating or spray coating,
    characterized in that before the lacquer application a uniform state of charge is generated on the surface to be lacquered by a stream of positive and/or negative atmospheric ions and that the metallic mass of the body to be lacquered or of the part thereof is earthed.
  2. An apparatus for carrying out the process according to Claim 1, with a conveyor system (1, 2, 3) for the body to be lacquered or the part thereof, which passes through a lacquering zone, characterized in that an ionization zone with devices (6) for the production of a stream of atmospheric ions is connected in series before the lacquering zone and that devices are present in the region of the ionization zone and of the lacquering zone for the continuous earthing of the metallic mass of each individual body to be lacquered or part thereof.
  3. An apparatus according to Claim 2, characterized in that in the region of the lacquering zone and of the ionization zone connected in series before it an additional, special conveyor (2), separate from the other conveyor (1) is present.
  4. An apparatus according to one of Claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the conveyor (2) passing through the ionization zone and lacquering zone has supporting or retaining devices for the body to be lacquered or the part thereof.
  5. An apparatus according to Claim 3, characterized in that the special conveyor (2) passing through the ionization zone and lacquering zone is provided with insulating supporting or retaining devices.
  6. An apparatus according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that it has a floor-mounted conveyor system for the series lacquering of bodies and body parts with a separate floor-mounted conveyor (2) with insulating supports for the ionization and lacquering zone.
  7. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a measuring device for measurement of the current flowing away as a result of the continuous earthing is present.
  8. An apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the measuring device is coupled with a control device which is suitable for the control of the charging power of the stream of atmospheric ions in the ionization zone on the basis of the measured values supplied by the measuring device.
  9. An apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that in the region of the special conveyor it has current-limiting controllers connectible and disconnectible, optionally automatically connectible and disconnectible, in the earth circuit.
  10. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the lacquering zone in the region of the special conveyor (2) it has contact-making or contactless earthing electrodes for the workpiece to be lacquered that are effective during the whole lacquering process and can subsequently be cleaned.
EP88110336A 1987-07-01 1988-06-29 Method and apparatus for lacquering work pieces with an electrically insulating surface by electrostatic coating or by spray coating Expired - Lifetime EP0297520B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3721703 1987-07-01
DE19873721703 DE3721703A1 (en) 1987-07-01 1987-07-01 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LACQUERING WORKPIECES WITH ELECTRICALLY INSULATING SURFACE BY ELECTROSTATIC APPLICATION OR. SPRAY ORDER

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0297520A2 EP0297520A2 (en) 1989-01-04
EP0297520A3 EP0297520A3 (en) 1990-03-07
EP0297520B1 true EP0297520B1 (en) 1993-05-05

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ID=6330658

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88110336A Expired - Lifetime EP0297520B1 (en) 1987-07-01 1988-06-29 Method and apparatus for lacquering work pieces with an electrically insulating surface by electrostatic coating or by spray coating

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0297520B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6430674A (en)
DE (2) DE3721703A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2041283T3 (en)

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EP0437383A1 (en) * 1990-01-12 1991-07-17 Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault S.A. Process and device for electrostatically spray-painting plastic articles
DE4103959A1 (en) * 1991-02-09 1992-08-13 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Prodn. of coated non-conductors esp. plastics - by suitably oxidising the surface to increase its electrical conductivity and then spraying electrostatically with liquid or powder
JP3362230B2 (en) * 1992-10-08 2003-01-07 日本パーカライジング株式会社 Electrostatic powder coating equipment
DE4412084C1 (en) * 1994-04-08 1996-01-11 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Workpiece carrier for electrostatic coating processes
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0297520A2 (en) 1989-01-04
DE3721703A1 (en) 1989-01-12
EP0297520A3 (en) 1990-03-07
ES2041283T3 (en) 1993-11-16
DE3880745D1 (en) 1993-06-09
JPS6430674A (en) 1989-02-01

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