EP1318603B1 - FM-Empfänger mit digitaler Bandbreitensteuerung - Google Patents

FM-Empfänger mit digitaler Bandbreitensteuerung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1318603B1
EP1318603B1 EP01128901A EP01128901A EP1318603B1 EP 1318603 B1 EP1318603 B1 EP 1318603B1 EP 01128901 A EP01128901 A EP 01128901A EP 01128901 A EP01128901 A EP 01128901A EP 1318603 B1 EP1318603 B1 EP 1318603B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
bandwidth
filter
quality
broadcast
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP01128901A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1318603A1 (de
Inventor
Jens Advanced Techn. Center Stuttgart Wildhagen
Rolf Advanced Techn. Center Stuttgart Nöthlings
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Sony Deutschland GmbH
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Sony Deutschland GmbH
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Priority to DE60129342T priority Critical patent/DE60129342T2/de
Priority to EP01128901A priority patent/EP1318603B1/de
Priority to US10/309,698 priority patent/US7280463B2/en
Publication of EP1318603A1 publication Critical patent/EP1318603A1/de
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Publication of EP1318603B1 publication Critical patent/EP1318603B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J1/00—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general
    • H03J1/0008—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor
    • H03J1/0058—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor provided with channel identification means
    • H03J1/0083—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor provided with channel identification means using two or more tuners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control of the bandwidth of a filter with variable bandwidth, in particular of an IF filter of a broadcast receiver.
  • the present invention relates to a method to control the bandwidth of a first IF filter with variable bandwidth for selecting the bandwidth of a currently received channel, i.e. a neighbour channel suppression of a currently received channel, which first IF filter with variable bandwidth is arranged in a first reception path of a broadcast receiver additionally comprising at least one second reception path and to a broadcast receiver comprising a first reception path, at least one second reception path, and a control circuit to control the bandwidth of a first IF filter with variable bandwidth for selecting the bandwidth of a currently received channel, i.e. a neighbour channel suppression of a currently received channel, which first IF filter with variable bandwidth is arranged in said first reception path of the receiver.
  • Frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting often suffers from adjacent channel distortions interfering in the frequency range of the wanted channel, in particular in areas with many different broadcasting stations.
  • the IF bandwidth of an FM receiver should be set very carefully in order to keep as much information as possible.
  • Some existing state of the art receivers have a set of filters to suppress such adjacent channel distortions.
  • these filters are discrete realizations usually the optimal bandwidth for the actual reception situation is not provided. That means either the bandwidth is too big and therefore the adjacent channel is not suppressed sufficiently or the bandwidth is too small and information gets lost unnecessarily.
  • the filters are selected by the user, e. g. via a wide/narrow mode switch, which means that the filters are not adjusted to the actual/changing reception situation.
  • European Patent Applications 00 110 526.1 and 00 126 287.2 disclose tunable or selectable bandwidth filters with which the actual reception situation can be considered to just suppress a disturbing adjacent channel. Therefore, unnecessary information loss can be prevented.
  • tunable or selectable bandwidth filters are shown, but nothing is stated in respect to the actual determination of the bandwidth itself.
  • US-B1-6 178 314 discloses a radio receiver with adaptive bandwidth controls at intermediate frequency.
  • the adaptive bandwidth control system of this radio receiver optimizes radio reception by controlling intermediate frequency bandwidth and baseband bandwidth to reduce both interference and noise while remaining compatible with AM broadcasts using the NRSC-1 standard.
  • An adaptive IF filter detects the presence of interfering undesired sources. The IF bandwidth is narrow if any interferers are detected. Simultaneously, the frequency content of the demodulated base band signal is analyzed to control an optimal baseband bandwidth so that any frequencies containing substantially only noise are eliminated.
  • variable IF filter variable bandwidth filter
  • the present invention advantage is taken of the fact that modern, high quality receivers, e.g. car receivers, consist of 2 tuners.
  • One tuner receives the audio signal and another tuner scans the alternative frequencies or checks the RDS data stream of other stations.
  • the receiver might comprise only one tuner, parts of the receiver, for example the demodulator, might comprise two different paths. These two different reception paths of a receiver with one or more tuners can be used for the control of the bandwidth of the IF filter of the wanted channel, e.g. the channel a user listens to.
  • the method to control the bandwidth of a first variable bandwidth filter for a neighbour channel suppression of a currently received channel, which first variable bandwidth filter is arranged in a first reception path of a broadcast receiver additionally comprising at least one second reception path, is, according to the invention comprising the steps of:
  • said at least one first quality signal and/or said at least one second quality signal is/are based on out of band distortions of the filtered and demodulated broadcast signal.
  • said at least one first quality signal and/or said at least one second quality signal is/are based on a signal amplitude of the filtered broadcast signal.
  • said at least one first quality signal and/or said at least one second quality signal is/are based on an out of band signal amplitude or signal energy of the filtered broadcast signal.
  • the bandwidth of said first variable bandwidth filter and/or bandwidth or characteristic of said second variable bandwidth filter are preferably changed in an iterative process until a predetermined reception condition is satisfied for the currently received channel which reception condition is derivable from said at least one first quality value and said at least one second quality value.
  • said broadcast signal is preferably received via one antenna and eventually undergoes one or more pre-processing stages before it is subjected simultaneously to the first and at least one second filtering.
  • different ones of said at least one first quality value and/or said at least one second quality value are preferably respectively obtained in a sequential manner.
  • a broadcast receiver comprising a first reception path, at least one second reception path, and a control circuit to control the bandwidth of a first variable bandwidth filter for a neighbour channel suppression of a currently received channel, which first variable bandwidth filter is arranged in said first reception path, is, according to the invention, wherein said control circuit receives at least one first quality signal corresponding to a received broadcast signal on basis of a first filtering of the broadcast signal with said first variable bandwidth filter set to a predetermined bandwidth, receives at least one second quality signal corresponding to said received broadcast signal on basis of at least one second filtering of the broadcast signal with a second variable bandwidth filter arranged in said at least one second reception path with a different bandwidth and/or with a different filter characteristic than the bandwidth and/or the filter characteristic of the first variable bandwidth filter, wherein the broadcast signal received in the first and the at least one second reception paths may be pre-processed in processing stages before being received at the first and the second variable bandwidth filter, outputs a first control signal to the first variable bandwidth filter to control the bandwidth and/or the filter characteristic thereof
  • said control circuit generates said first control signal and/or said second control signal so that said at least one first quality signal and/or said at least one second quality signal is/are based on out of band distortions of the filtered and demodulated broadcast signal.
  • said control circuit generates said first control signal and/or said second control signal so that said at least one first quality signal and/or said at least one second quality signal is/are based on a signal amplitude of the filtered broadcast signal.
  • said control circuit generates said first control signal and/or said second control signal so that said at least one first quality signal and/or said at least one second quality signal is/are based on an out of band signal amplitude or signal energy of the filtered broadcast signal.
  • the out of band distortions of the filtered and demodulated broadcast signal, the signal amplitude of the filtered broadcast signal, and the out of band signal amplitude or signal energy of the filtered broadcast signal might be measured and/or processed as average signals, based on peak values, based on median values, etc., respectively.
  • control circuit changes changes the bandwidth of said first variable bandwidth filter and/or the bandwidth or characteristic of said second variable bandwidth filter in an iterative process until a predetermined reception condition is satisfied for the currently recieved channel which reception condition is derivable from said at least one first quality value and said at least one second quality value.
  • the broadcast receiver according to present invention preferably comprises a switch to disconnect an input of a second variable bandwidth filter of one of said at least one second reception path from processing stages preceding said second variable bandwidth filter within said second reception path and to connect said input to processing stages preceding a first variable bandwidth filter within said first reception path.
  • the bandwidth control in a receiver with only one downconverter can be performed as well as the bandwidth control in a receiver with 2-antenna/2-tuner support and 2 downconverters.
  • the availability of two reception paths in modern receivers is used for a control of a variable bandwidth filter, e.g. for the control of the IF bandwidth of the FM receiver.
  • the present invention e.g. a reliable selection of the IF bandwidth is possible.
  • bandwidth selection systems only the out of band distortions in the demodulated signal are used for the bandwidth selection. These out of band distortions are normally no sufficient indication for the bandwidth selection, as e.g. multipath distortions also lead to out of band distortions.
  • this approach it is also possible to use this approach to use the out of band distortion information by comparing the obtained information of two different reception paths with two different IF bandwidths. Therewith, a more precise solution is achieved.
  • Figure 1 depicts a two tuner FM broadcast receiver according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a broadcast signal is received and processed by a first tuner in a first reception path, in the following also referred to as reception path A, by a first antenna 1, and supplied via a first downconversion stage 2 and a first A/D converter 3 to a first IQ generation and sampling rate decimation circuit 4 before being input to a first variable bandwidth filter, in the following called: first variable IF filter 5.
  • the output signal of the first variable IF filter 5 is input to a first NORDIC unit 6 which outputs the phase and amplitude of the received broadcast signal to which the first tuner (i.e. the broadcast receiver) is currently tuned.
  • the phase output by the first CORDIC unit 6 is input to a first FM demodulator 7 which output signal is supplied to a stereo demultiplexer 8 which outputs the audio signal.
  • a second tuner which is e.g. used to scan the alternative frequencies or to check the RDS data stream of other stations according to the prior art, receives the broadcast signal in a second reception path, in the following also referred to as reception path B, by a second antenna 9 (which might be identical to or similar as the first antenna 1), and supplied via a second downconversion stage 10 and a second A/D converter 11 to a second IQ generation circuit 12 before being input to a second variable bandwidth filter, in the following called: second variable IF filter 13 via a switch 17.
  • the output signal of the second variable IF filter 13 is input to a second CORDIC unit 14 which outputs the phase and amplitude of the received broadcast signal to which the second tuner is currently tuned.
  • the phase output by the second CORDIC unit 14 is input to a second FM demodulator 15.
  • the switch 17 is able to disconnect the input of the second variable IF filter 13 from the output of the second IQ generation circuit 12 and to connect the output of the first IQ generation circuit 4 to the input of the second variable IF filter 13 instead.
  • this switch state or mode
  • the receiver does not need to comprise a complete second reception path for the bandwidth control.
  • variable IF filters 5, 13 are connected to the first antenna 1 via the first downconversion stage 2, first A/D converter 3, and first IQ generation and sampling rate decimation circuit 4.
  • the second analogue RF circuit i.e. the second antenna 9, the second downconversion stage 10, and the second A/D converter 11 are not required for the control of the FM bandwidth according to the present invention.
  • the output signals of the first FM demodulator 7 and the second FM demodulator 15 are input to a control circuit 16 which additionally receives the amplitudes output by the first CORDIC unit 6 and the second CORDIC unit 14. Based on these input signals, the control circuit 16 supplies a coefficient set A to the first variable IF filter 5 and a coefficient set B to the second variable IF filter 13.
  • the FM signal in reception path A is filtered with a narrow bandwidth by correspondingly setting the first variable IF filter 5 on basis of appropriately selected coefficients A.
  • the out of band distortions of the demodulated signal and/or the average signal amplitude of the FM carrier are measured in reception path A.
  • the reception path B is connected to reception path A in the above described manner.
  • the reception path B FM signal is filtered with a wider bandwidth than the reception path A signal by correspondingly setting the second variable IF filter 13 on basis of appropriately selected coefficients B.
  • the out of band distortions of the demodulated signal and/or average signal amplitude of the FM carrier are measured again in reception path B.
  • the average signal amplitude of both signal paths should be almost similar in case of no near by neighbour channel distortions.
  • the coefficients B of the second variable IF filter 13 of reception path B are changed in order to achieve a highpass characteristic of the second variable IF filter 13.
  • a highpass filtering is a good indication in a digital receiver realisation with wideband analogue pre-selection filter for the near by neighbour channel distortions.
  • the controller 16 controls the switching of the switch 17 and the setting of the coefficient sets A and B.
  • the control is performed iteratively, e.g. by stepwise control of the bandwidth of the first and second variable IF filters 5, 13 until a certain condition, e.g. depending on the reception quality, is reached.
  • the IF filtering is usually divided into two parts: A wideband analogue IF filtering in the front-end and a narrow-band or wide-band digital neighbour channel filtering after the A/D converter (ADC).
  • ADC A/D converter
  • the analogue IF filter in the RF front-end which transfer characteristic is shown in figure 2b performs a pre-selection filtering of the FM channel as indicated in figure 2a. This pre-selection filtering suppresses far away distortions from the FM channel in order to avoid distortions in the demodulated audio signal caused by the limited dynamic range of the A/D converter.
  • the A/D converter input signal consists of the FM channel and maybe additional neighbour channel distortions, as indicated in figure 2c.
  • the bandwidth of the analogue IF filter is usually wide in order to allow a high performance distortion free demodulation of the FM signal in case of no adjacent channel distortions.
  • Figure 2d shows the transfer characteristic of the first variable IF filter 5 (referred to as filter A) for the first and second criteria of the above described preferred embodiment according to the present invention and figure 2e shows the corresponding output signal of the first variable IF filter 5.
  • Figure 2f shows the transfer characteristic of the second variable IF filter 13 (referred to as filter B) for the first and second criteria of the above described preferred embodiment according to the present invention and figure 2g shows the corresponding output signal of the second variable IF filter 13.
  • Figure 2h shows the transfer characteristic of the second variable IF filter 13 for the third criterion of the above described preferred embodiment according to the present invention and figure 2i shows the corresponding output signal of the second variable IF filter 13.
  • the CORDIC algorithm is usually implemented for the FM demodulation. This CORDIC algorithm can be used for the calculation of the amplitude of a complex baseband signals in reception path A or reception path B. Of course, also other FM demodulators can be used.
  • the digital demodulation of 2 tuners is realised in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC performs the IQ-generation, sampling rate decimation, neighbour channel suppression and FM demodulation of 2 different signals.
  • the neighbour channel suppression is done using a programmable FIR filter.
  • the second ASIC path is not always used. In case of a 2-tuner receiver, the second path is used like it is used in a state of the 2-tuner receiver.
  • the second signal path in the ASIC is connected to the first signal path in the above described manner.
  • the control of the ASIC might be performed by a digital signal processor (DSP) which supplies the filter coefficient sets and controls the switch to connect the second signal path in the ASIC to the first signal path.
  • DSP digital signal processor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)
  • Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zum Steuern der Bandbreite eines ersten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (5) für eine Nachbarkanalunterdrückung eines gegenwärtig empfangenen Kanals, welches erste Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (5) in einem ersten Empfangspfad eines Rundfunkempfängers angeordnet ist, der zumindest einen zweiten Empfangspfad aufweist, umfassend die Schritte des:
    - Erhaltens zumindest eines Signals einer ersten Qualität entsprechend einem empfangenen Rundfunksignal auf der Grundlage einer ersten Filterung des Rundfunksignals mit dem ersten Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (5), das auf eine vorbestimmte Bandbreite eingestellt ist,
    - Erhaltens zumindest eines Signals einer zweiten Qualität entsprechend dem empfangenen Rundfunksignal auf der Grundlage zumindest einer zweiten Filterung des Rundfunksignals mit einem zweiten Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (13), das in dem zumindest einen zweiten Empfangspfads angeordnet ist, mit einer Bandbreite, die sich von der Bandbreite des ersten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (5) unterscheidet, und/oder mit einer unterschiedlichen Filterkennlinie, wobei das in dem ersten und in dem zumindest einen zweiten Empfangspfad empfangene Rundfunksignal vor der ersten und/oder der zweiten Filterung vorverarbeitet werden kann, und
    - Steuerns der Bandbreite des ersten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (5) auf der Grundlage des zumindest einen Signals einer ersten Qualität und des zumindest einen Signals einer zweiten Qualität.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zumindest eine Signal einer ersten Qualität und/oder das zumindest eine Signal einer zweiten Qualität auf bandextemen Verzerrungen des gefilterten und demodulierten Rundfunksignals basiert/basieren.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zumindest eine Signal einer ersten Qualität und/oder das zumindest eine Signal einer zweiten Qualität auf einer Signalamplitude des gefilterten Rundfunksignals basiert/basieren.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zumindest eine Signal einer ersten Qualität und/oder das zumindest eine Signal einer zweiten Qualität auf einer band-externen Signalamplitude oder Signalenergie des gefilterten Rundfunksignals basiert/basieren.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bandbreite des ersten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (5) und die Bandbreite oder die Kennlinie des zweiten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (13) in einem iterativen Prozess geändert werden, bis eine vorbestimmte Empfangsbedingung für den gegenwärtig empfangenen Kanal erfüllt ist, welche Empfangsbedingung aus dem zumindest einen Wert einer ersten Qualität und dem zumindest einen Wert einer zweiten Qualität ableitbar ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rundfunksignal über eine Antenne (1) empfangen wird und schließlich eine oder mehrere Vorverarbeitungsstufen durchläuft, bevor es gleichzeitig der ersten und zumindest einer zweiten Filterung unterzogen wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass verschiedene Eine des zumindest einen Werts einer ersten Qualität und/oder des zumindest einen Werts einer zweiten Qualität jeweils auf eine sequenzielle Art und Weise erhalten werden.
  8. Computerprogrammprodukt, umfassend Computerprogrammmittel, die dazu ausgelegt sind, die Verfahrensschritte wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 definiert durchzuführen, wenn sie auf einem Computer, einem digitalen Signalprozessor oder dergleichen ausgeführt werden.
  9. Rundfunkempfänger mit einem ersten Empfangspfad, zumindest einem zweiten Empfangspfad, und einer Steuerschaltung (16) zum Steuern der Bandbreite eines ersten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (5) für eine Nachbarkanalunterdrückung eines gegenwärtig empfangenen Kanals, welches erste Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (5) in dem ersten Empfangspfad angeordnet ist, wobei die Steuerschaltung (16)
    zumindest ein Signal einer ersten Qualität entsprechend einem empfangenen Rundfunksignal auf der Grundlage einer ersten Filterung des Rundfunksignals mit dem ersten Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (5), das auf eine vorbestimmte Bandbreite eingestellt ist, empfängt,
    zumindest ein Signal einer zweiten Qualität entsprechend dem empfangenen Rundfunksignal auf der Grundlage zumindest einer zweiten Filterung des Rundfunksignals mit einem zweiten Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (13), das in dem zumindest einen zweiten Empfangspfad angeordnet ist, mit einer anderen Bandbreite und/oder mit einer anderen Filterkennlinie als der Bandbreite und/oder der Filterkennlinie des ersten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (5) empfängt, wobei das in dem ersten und in dem zumindest einen zweiten Empfangspfad empfangene Rundfunksignal in Verarbeitungsstufen vorverarbeitet werden kann, bevor es an dem ersten und dem zweiten Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (5, 13) empfangen wird,
    ein erstes Steuersignal an das erste Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (5) ausgibt, um die Bandbreite und/oder die Filterkennlinie desselben zu steuern, auf der Grundlage des zumindest einen Signals einer ersten Qualität und des zumindest einen Signals einer zweiten Qualität, und
    ein zweites Steuersignal an das zweite Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (13) ausgibt, um die Bandbreite und/oder die Filterkennlinie desselben zu steuern, auf der Grundlage des zumindest einen Signals einer ersten Qualität und des zumindest einen Signals einer zweiten Qualität.
  10. Rundfunkempfänger nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung (16) das erste Steuersignal und/oder das zweite Steuersignal so erzeugt, dass das zumindest eine Signal einer ersten Qualität und/oder das zumindest eine Signal einer zweiten Qualität auf band-externen Verzerrungen des gefilterten und demodulierten Rundfunksignals basiert/basieren.
  11. Rundfunkempfänger nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung (16) das erste Steuersignal und/oder das zweite Steuersignal so erzeugt, dass das zumindest eine Signal einer ersten Qualität und/oder das zumindest eine Signal zweiter Qualität auf einer Signalamplitude des gefilterten Rundfunksignals basiert/basieren.
  12. Rundfunkempfänger nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung (16) das erste Steuersignal und/oder das zweite Steuersignal so erzeugt, dass das zumindest eine Signal einer ersten Qualität und/oder das zumindest eine Signal zweiter Qualität auf einer band-externen Signalamplitude oder Signalenergie des gefilterten Rundfunksignals basiert/basieren.
  13. Rundfunkempfänger nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung (16) die Bandbreite des ersten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (5) und/oder die Bandbreite oder die Kennlinie des zweiten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (13) in einem iterativen Prozess ändert, bis eine vorbestimmte Empfangsbedingung für den gegenwärtig empfangenen Kanal erfüllt ist, welche Empfangsbedingung aus dem zumindest einen Wert einer ersten Qualität und dem zumindest einen Wert einer zweiten Qualität ableitbar ist.
  14. Rundfunkempfänger nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 9 bis 13, gekennzeichnet durch
    - einen Schalter (17) zum Trennen eines Eingangs eines zweiten Filters mit variabler Bandbreite (13) eines des zumindest einen zweiten Empfangspfads von den Verarbeitungsstufen (9, 10, 11, 12), die dem zweiten Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (13) innerhalb dem zweiten Empfangspfad vorangehen, und zum Verbinden des Eingangs mit Verarbeitungsstufen (1, 2, 3, 4), die dem ersten Filter mit variabler Bandbreite (5) innerhalb dem ersten Empfangspfad vorangehen.
EP01128901A 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 FM-Empfänger mit digitaler Bandbreitensteuerung Expired - Lifetime EP1318603B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE60129342T DE60129342T2 (de) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 FM-Empfänger mit digitaler Bandbreitensteuerung
EP01128901A EP1318603B1 (de) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 FM-Empfänger mit digitaler Bandbreitensteuerung
US10/309,698 US7280463B2 (en) 2001-12-05 2002-12-04 Digital FM bandwidth control

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01128901A EP1318603B1 (de) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 FM-Empfänger mit digitaler Bandbreitensteuerung

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EP1318603B1 true EP1318603B1 (de) 2007-07-11

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DE60129342D1 (de) 2007-08-23
US20030103444A1 (en) 2003-06-05
DE60129342T2 (de) 2008-03-20
US7280463B2 (en) 2007-10-09
EP1318603A1 (de) 2003-06-11

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