EP1310746B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Regelung von Thermen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Regelung von Thermen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1310746B1 EP1310746B1 EP02023856A EP02023856A EP1310746B1 EP 1310746 B1 EP1310746 B1 EP 1310746B1 EP 02023856 A EP02023856 A EP 02023856A EP 02023856 A EP02023856 A EP 02023856A EP 1310746 B1 EP1310746 B1 EP 1310746B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat transfer
- transfer medium
- temperature
- burner
- controller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VUTGNDXEFRHDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-n-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)acetamide;2-(trichloromethylsulfanyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(=O)C2=C1.CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N(C(=O)CCl)C1C(=O)OCC1 VUTGNDXEFRHDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/08—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
- F23N1/082—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
- F24D19/1069—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water regulation in function of the temperature of the domestic hot water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/184—Preventing harm to users from exposure to heated water, e.g. scalding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/238—Flow rate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/269—Time, e.g. hour or date
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/345—Control of fans, e.g. on-off control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
- F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
- F24H15/421—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/08—Microprocessor; Microcomputer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/36—PID signal processing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for controlling Spas according to the preambles of claims 1 and 11, a preferred Use of the device and the method according to claim 25 and a Regulator for carrying out the method according to claim 26.
- the heat transfer medium either directly via a primary exchanger or indirectly by means of the heated water the heating is heated via a secondary exchanger and at suitable tapping points, for example, in the kitchen or in the bathroom, taken.
- the regulation of the burner such spas takes place in the known prior art by the measurement of Outlet temperature at the outlet of the primary exchanger or the secondary exchanger, the compared with a predetermined target temperature and the controller, such as a PI controller, is supplied to the output of a manipulated variable, the manipulated variable, for example may be a signal to adjust the power of the burner.
- Such controlled baths are known, for example, from DE-A-37 16 798, JP-A-61 14 9761 or EP-A-0 226 246.
- the unmeasured amount of discharged heat transfer medium is a disturbance in the control circuit and has great influence on the dynamics of the control loop.
- the object of the present invention is to provide the known devices and methods for the control of spas to improve that temperature fluctuations avoided on the outlet side of the heat exchanger and a reliable Regulation of the burner of the spa for different principles can be achieved can.
- the aim of the invention is therefore, a constant outlet temperature at different To achieve disturbance variables.
- the volume flow on the outlet side of the heat exchanger but not measured by expensive volumetric flow meters, but the invention is based on the object here, the volume flow indirectly too in order to use it for a feedforward control.
- the present invention is intended not only for systems with direct heating be used in the primary heat exchanger of the heat transfer medium, but also in all other systems such as e.g. in systems with secondary heat exchanger, in all Usually only a small buffer (in the order of about 1 l), the must be kept ready to bridge the time needed enough energy to the secondary heat exchanger via a primary heat exchanger to provide, i. in addition to an outlet temperature control (primary heat exchanger) should the invention also in a comfort temperature control (with secondary exchanger) be usable.
- the invention solves the underlying task by the characterizing Features of the independent claims 1 and 11 and 26, wherein advantageous Embodiments and variants of the invention in the dependent claims are marked and described.
- An advantageous use of the method or the device is claimed in claim 25.
- One for an inventive Device or controller suitable for the method according to the invention is in the claims 26 and 27 characterized.
- the device according to the invention for regulating thermal baths has a burner for heating a heat transfer medium, an inlet for supplying the Heat transfer medium, which has a certain inlet temperature at the inlet, a Outlet for the discharge of the heat transfer medium, which at the outlet a certain Outlet temperature has, and a regulator, the heating of the heat transfer medium by means of a primary exchanger or a secondary exchanger, at least in dependence a set temperature and the outlet temperature controls.
- the controller measures a rate of increase the outlet temperature at a predeterminable burner capacity, based on the Rate of increase calculates the dissipated amount of heat transfer medium becomes.
- the mathematical basis for this calculation is the fact that the slew rate the outlet temperature at a constant burner power indirectly proportional to the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, that is, a larger amount of heat transfer medium removed to a lower rate of increase the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium leads and vice versa.
- the slew rate the outlet temperature in each case at a predeterminable, but at least be measured for the duration of the measurement constant burner power.
- the controller parameters i. for example the controller gain, based on the calculated amount of discharged Heat transfer medium can be changed accordingly. For example, set the controller determines that a large amount of heat transfer medium is removed, it does not have to - as in the prior art - to a corresponding decrease in the outlet temperature "wait", but can directly control the output of the burner to the to request the requested quantity of heat transfer medium.
- the controller has a memory for storing the smallest and largest Rise velocities of outlet temperature for each adjustable setpoint temperature on. Once the controller has the appropriate rate of increase of Outlet temperature has measured, he compares this with the stored smallest or highest slew rate and stores the measured slew rate then as minimum or maximum slew rate in memory, when the measured slew rate is less than the smallest saved one Rate of increase or if this is greater than the largest stored Slew rate. This ensures that so the smallest and largest discharged amounts of heat transfer medium (Zapfmengen) and can be adapted during operation.
- Zapfmengen heat transfer medium
- the regulation thus orders at a set desired temperature and at the predeterminable Burner output the smallest rate of increase of the outlet temperature the largest amount of heat transfer medium that can be removed (largest dispensing quantity) and the largest rate of increase of the outlet temperature of the smallest dischargeable Quantity of heat transfer medium (smallest dispensing amount) too and calculated by the measured rising speeds, the discharged amount of heat transfer medium linear in relation to it.
- This can be done in the simplest case by laying down the two points (maximum bleed, minimum slew rate and minimum Tap quantity, highest rate of increase) in the x-y coordinate system, which are connected by a straight line, so that all other taps at a measured slew rate between the lowest and highest slew rates can be read directly.
- the controller selects for calculating the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, i.e. for measuring the rate of increase, as predeterminable burner power about 60% to 100%, preferably about 80% of the required burner power at maximum dischargeable amount of the heat transfer medium at a set Target temperature off.
- predeterminable burner power for example, 80% of the required Burner capacity at maximum dispensing rate, in this case 80% of 77.8% of that burner power at a maximum setpoint temperature of, for example 60 ° C and at maximum dispensing volume would be necessary (maximum operation of the burner).
- the controller starts measuring the slew rate at a minimum outlet temperature and ends the measurement when the setpoint temperature is reached.
- This has the advantage that at modulating burners anyway the burner is started when falling below a minimum outlet temperature and subsequently at this burner start immediately with the measurement of the slew rate can be started to immediately measure the amount of discharged heat transfer medium to obtain.
- the controller starts the controller measures the rate of increase at a predeterminable temperature difference below the target temperature and ends this again when it reaches the target temperature. This is useful, for example, when the heat exchanger is heated from the cold state, since then a minimum outlet temperature does not exist yet and the heat exchangers are only heated up from below got to.
- the controller measures the rate of increase each time the desired temperature is changed the outlet temperature at one of these setpoint temperature associated and predeterminable burner performance.
- the assigned and predeterminable Burner power for measuring slew rate can also be used as identification burner power be designated.
- the inventive method for controlling thermals in particular for control a domestic water flow heater, according to the aforementioned principles.
- the heat transfer medium is at the inlet of the heat exchanger to the heat exchanger fed and discharged via the outlet.
- the outlet temperature detectable at the outlet is combined with a temperature set by the operator of the spa supplied to the controller, the corresponding control difference from these forms two temperatures.
- the controller in addition, the outlet temperature supplied. Based on the slew rate the outlet temperature can thus at a predeterminable burner power (identification burner power) the dissipated amount of the heat transfer medium is calculated and the heating of the heat transfer medium can be controlled by this amount.
- the burner power is then at larger amounts of discharged heat transfer medium stronger and smaller amounts of the discharged heat transfer medium changed more weakly.
- the burner performance depending on the set target temperature to a predefinable Maximum value limited to a fraction of the burner output at maximum setpoint temperature equivalent.
- This limited burner power will be following the calculation the amount of discharged heat transfer medium as the upper limit for the used modulating control, for example, when using a Pl-controller to prevent overshoot of the outlet temperature and to the modulation of the burner closer to the currently required power.
- the limit of the setting range can be active both in the comfort mode and in the shutdown mode and if necessary, is set up by a certain burner output (for example 5%), to compensate for tolerances.
- the Control of the heating of the heat transfer medium not the user of the spa specifiable target temperature directly, but the sum of this target temperature and a desired correction temperature used.
- the exact target temperatures are obtained in the context of a calibration process at two different measuring points of the outlet and comfort temperature and calculates the target correction temperature at these at least two different ones Values of the setpoint temperature, while all other values are based on the setpoint temperature a line lying between these two different values of the target temperature be linearly interpolated.
- the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium at the inlet of the heat exchanger be, without this, an inlet temperature sensor is necessary.
- the heat transfer medium is heated by means of a secondary exchanger, so can be used as inlet temperature, the measured buffer medium temperature in the buffer medium storage (DHW tank or boiler) plus a correction temperature used when the sensor is mounted on the cold water side of the heat exchanger is and the time of discharge exceeds a predeterminable maximum time.
- DHW tank or boiler buffer medium storage
- the buffer medium storage (DHW tank) is sufficient removed a lot of heat transfer medium, so that the temperature in the buffer medium storage corresponds approximately to the inlet temperature.
- a predeterminable criterion Time of discharge of heat transfer medium can be used.
- this measured buffer medium temperature plus a correction temperature used only if they are within a predeterminable range (permissible) temperature range around a preferred average around. With Advantage is this in about 15 ° C with a fluctuation of about +/- 5 K.
- According to another preferred embodiment of the invention is in the heating the heat transfer medium in the clock mode, i. at very low levels of discharged heat transfer medium, after starting the burner of a firing performance as directly as possible to a predeterminable and storable clock power switched.
- a clock power is with advantage the last performance before the shutdown of the burner or the minimum adjustable power of the burner used.
- the problem is that after a renewed activation of the burner, the modulation controller, the burner output from a firing rate (starting power) down must, if the withdrawn Quantity of heat transfer medium is very low. If not fast enough takes place, then enters the state that the temperature in the heat exchanger quickly Burner switch-off reached and the burner is switched off again. This leads to to a large Brennerschaltphaseuftechnik.
- the burner of the method according to the invention is not in the modulation mode "started", but first switched to the "remembered” burner power, at the same time for measuring the slew rate and thus for detection the tap quantity can be used.
- the blower the burner is not turned off, but preferably continue at an ignition speed operated. This makes it possible to start the burner faster, which is a "Sagging" of the outlet temperature reduced.
- the invention is in the regulation of a domestic hot water heater. This is explained in more detail in the following figures.
- a controller for carrying out a method according to the present invention Invention has at least one input for reading in or a processor for Calculation of the difference between an adjustable setpoint temperature and the outlet temperature a heatable by a burner heat transfer medium and at least one output for controlling the power of the burner, the regulator has at least one further input for reading in the outlet temperature, the controller then determines the rate of increase of the outlet temperature at a predeterminable burner power and based on the rate of increase the dissipated amount of the heat transfer medium calculated. With the help of the calculated Quantity of discharged heat transfer medium, the controller can then control the Optimize heating of the heat transfer medium.
- the controller changes the burner output following the calculation modulating the amount of discharged heat transfer medium, wherein the controller parameters changeable on the basis of the calculated amount of discharged heat transfer medium are.
- FIG 1 shows the schematic representation of a water heater with primary exchanger 7 (primary heat exchanger), that of a burner 2 (shown only schematically) is heated.
- the cold water KW is the primary exchanger via a cold water inlet 5 7 fed and heated there.
- the heated water is at a tapping point 6 as Hot water WW taken.
- Outlet temperature sensor B3 temperature sensor 9
- Via a pressure switch (flow switch) FS is the tap of hot water WW detected.
- the burner 2 is used at the same time for heating a heating medium, such as water, for example Heat supply of a house. Only schematically shown is a heat exchanger 8 with flow temperature sensor B2, return temperature sensor B7, flow pump or heating circuit pump Q1, consumer 3 (radiator) and water pipe 4.
- FIG. 2 shows the schematic representation of a continuous flow heater with secondary heat exchanger, where the cold water KW is not directly from the burner 2, but over a Secondary exchanger 10 (secondary heat exchanger) is heated.
- the secondary exchanger 10 is supplied by the heating medium via a three-way valve UV with heat, the the cold water is heated.
- an outlet temperature sensor B3 is used for the measurement the outlet temperature ⁇ Off.
- An inlet temperature sensor B5 and a buffer medium temperature sensor B4 is also indicated schematically.
- a pressure switch FS is here on the output side at the tapping point 6 for measuring a tap of hot water WW arranged.
- the heating circuit pump Q1 is in this case on the return side of Boiler 8 in front of the return temperature sensor B7 and at the same time ensures circulation of the heating medium in the secondary exchanger 10.
- the three-way valve UV can also its own hot water circuit pump can be used.
- FIG 3 shows - greatly simplified - the control structure.
- the controller 1 controls the burner 2 by means of a manipulated variable, ie with advantage a signal for the performance of the burner.
- the burner 2 is in the control scheme of Figure 3 representative of the route to be controlled, of course, in addition to the burner 2 also includes the heat exchanger, the cold water to be heated and all other disturbances and parts of the route.
- the outlet temperature ⁇ out is - as known from the prior art - recycled and added to the target temperature ⁇ target with a negative sign, so that a temperature difference ⁇ can be supplied to the controller 1.
- the regulator 1 is also supplied with the outlet temperature ⁇ out .
- the basis for the detection of the extracted amount of heat transfer medium is now the fact that for each bleed a certain energy must be supplied to the heat exchanger in order to keep the outlet temperature ⁇ out at a certain inlet temperature ⁇ Ein a constant. If more energy is supplied, the outlet temperature ⁇ out increases at a certain rate of increase v A. Therefore, if more energy is supplied to the heat exchanger than is required on the basis of the tap quantity, the return or outlet temperature ⁇ Aus will increase.
- the rate of increase v A is determined by the unneeded energy (excess energy). The higher the rate of increase v A , the lower the amount of hot water WW withdrawn, that is, the rate of increase v A and the amount of tapping are indirectly inversely dependent on one another.
- the identification burner performance is thus always dependent on the performance at the maximum dispensing amount calculated. This ensures that you can with this burner performance after calculating the dispensing amount, i. after identification always in near the actual required power. At very low dispensing amount is on the other hand, you are too high in performance.
- SdBwAusMax stands for the upper limit of the switching difference for switching off the burner
- SdBwAusMin for the lower limit of the switching differential for switching off the burner
- SdOn stands for the lower switching differential for switching on the burner.
- the burner output for identification is activated when a hot water tap is detected and when the burner 2 is switched on.
- the outlet temperature ⁇ out (or the return temperature for eg heaters) will initially drop and then rise again (see FIG. The increase of the outlet temperature ⁇ out (waste or rising gradient) is detected and thus the minimum of the outlet temperature ⁇ minimum is determined. This minimum of the outlet temperature ⁇ Minimum is noted and from this time the time is detected (time t 0 ).
- the time is then measured until the discharge temperature ⁇ from the set temperature ⁇ has reached target (time t 1). Thereafter, the differential temperature ⁇ between the target temperature ⁇ target and the minimum temperature ⁇ minimum and the difference ⁇ t between the times t 1 and t 0 is formed.
- the ratio ⁇ to .DELTA.t is the rising gradient, the rising speed v A ie at the outlet temperature ⁇ off at a constant burner power and is thus an indirect measure of the amount corresponding pin.
- the measured slope gradient is compared with the stored minimum and maximum values. If the measured value is less than the stored minimum value (minimum slew rate v Amin ), then this value is stored as a new minimum value. Each measured slew rate v A that is greater than the stored value indicates a smaller bleed amount. Furthermore, the largest rising speed vAmax (smallest dispensing amount) is stored. If there are now smaller or greater slew rates than the previously stored values, these are then stored as minimum or maximum values.
- hot water DH is tapped after the initial start-up with maximum dispensing amount.
- the smallest slew rate can be determined.
- twice the smallest slew rate v Amin may be set as the new start value. During operation, these values are then further adapted.
- the ascertained gradient of gradient ie the measured rate of increase vA between the stored minimum value v Amin and the maximum value v Amax , is then converted between these limit values to the intermediate bleed amount. From this tap quantity can then be switched to the required burner power and the modulation controller with respect to the power adjustment are released (see time t 1 in Figure 4). Depending on the determined tap quantity then the controller parameters of the controller 1 can be switched accordingly.
- the modulation controller 1 must be released prematurely.
- the modulation controller is the following: If the outlet temperature ⁇ out below the temperature setpoint ⁇ target less a turn-on difference ⁇ and the run time is greater than, for example, 1 minute from this time t 0 , the modulation controller is enabled.
- Figure 5 shows the schematic representation of setting the starting power in the cyclic operation of the burner 2, ie at small bleed amounts. While it has been applied in the upper part of FIG 5 as shown in Fig. 4, the outlet temperature ⁇ from versus time, in the lower part of the figure 5 is shown the power of the burner 2 with respect to the time corresponding to the overlying outlet temperature ⁇ Aus. Once a clock mode has been detected, ie the tap particularly small amounts of hot water WW and the burner 2 turns off, the last related power of the burner 2 is stored in a memory of the controller 1.
- the burner 2 While the burner 2 remains switched off, it is possible to keep the fan of the burner running in order to get into the appropriate speed range as quickly as possible when the burner is switched on again. As soon as the outlet temperature ⁇ out crosses the lower limit of the switching difference SdIn, the burner 2 switches on again, in which case the previously "remembered” power, ie the power stored in the controller 1, is used, which can then also be used, for example, to measure the slew rate vA. if this has not been done before. After the identification phase (power constant), the modulation controller is enabled.
- the burner output becomes after switching on the burner according to FIG. 5 then set to minimum power when the last set burner power is smaller is the minimum burner output.
- Figures 6a and 6b show correction values for the comfort temperature control and the outlet temperature control, which can be used to correct the temperature setpoint ⁇ Soll to compensate for a deviation from the realistic temperature values.
- a hot water instantaneous water heater can be controlled much more accurately and reliably, without causing large fluctuations in the outlet temperature ⁇ out .
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Description
Brennerleistung bei | |||
Sollwerttemperatur | Zapfmenge maximal | Zapfmenge mittel | Zapfmenge minimal |
40°C | 55,6 % | 37,0 % | 18,5 % |
50°C | 77,8 % | 51,9 % | 25,9 % |
60°C | 100 % | 66,6 % | 33,3 % |
- Figur 1
- die schematische Darstellung eines Durchlauferhitzers mit Primärwärmetauscher (Auslauftemperatur-Regelung);
- Figur 2
- die schematische Darstellung eines Durchlauferhitzers mit Sekundärwärmetauscher (Auslauf- und Komforttemperatur-Regelung);
- Figur 3
- das Schema der Regelung der Auslauftemperatur nach der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Figur 4
- die graphische Darstellung der Zapfmengenerkennung nach der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Figur 5
- die graphische Darstellung des Setzens der Startleistung im Taktbetrieb des Brenners; und
- Figuren 6a u. 6b
- die graphische Darstellung geeigneter Korrekturwerte für die Komforttemperatur-Regelung und die Auslauftemperatur-Regelung (beide Regelungen mittels der Auslauftemperatur am Wärmetauscher).
Sollwert-Temperatur | Brennerleistung für Identifikation |
40°C | KidentBre x 55,6 % |
50°C | KidentBre x 77,8 % |
60°C | KidentBre x 100,0 % |
Claims (26)
- Vorrichtung zur Regelung von Thermen, insbesondere zur Regelung eines Brauchwasser-Durchlauferhitzers, mit einem Brenner (2) zur Erwärmung eines Wärmeträgermediums, einem Einlauf zur Zuführung des Wärmeträgermediums, das am Einlauf eine bestimmte Einlauftemperatur (ϑEin) aufweist, einem Auslauf zur Abführung des Wärmeträgermediums, das am Auslauf eine bestimmte Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) aufweist, und einem Regler (1), der die Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums zumindest in Abhängigkeit einer Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) und der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) regelt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) eine Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) bei einer vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung misst, wobei anhand der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) die abgeführte Menge des Wärmeträgermediums berechnet wird, und dass der Regler (1) die Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums auch anhand der berechneten Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums regelt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) die Brennerleistung im Anschluss an die Berechnung der Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums modulierend verändert, wobei die Reglerparameter anhand der berechneten Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums veränderbar sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) einen Speicher zur Speicherung der kleinsten und grössten Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vAmin; vAmax) der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) für jede einstellbare Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) aufweist, dass der Regler (1) die gemessene Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) mit der kleinsten und grössten Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vAmin; vAmax) vergleicht, und dass der Regler (1) die gemessene Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) als kleinste bzw. grösste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vAmin; vAmax) im Speicher abspeichert, falls die gemessene Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) kleiner als die kleinste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vAmin) bzw. grösser als die grösste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vAmax) ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) bei einer eingestellten Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) und bei der vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung die kleinste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vAmin) der grössten abführbaren Menge des Wärmeträgermediums und die grösste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vAmax) der kleinsten abführbaren Menge des Wärmeträgermediums zuordnet und anhand der gemessenen Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) die abgeführte Menge des Wärmeträgermediums linear im Verhältnis dazu berechnet.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) als vorbestimmbare Brennerleistung 60% bis 100%, vorzugsweise etwa 80% der benötigten Brennerleistung bei maximaler abführbarer Menge des Wärmeträgermediums bei einer eingestellten Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) einstellt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) die Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) bei einer minimalen Auslauftemperatur (ϑAusmin) startet und bei Erreichen der Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) beendet.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) die Messung der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) bei einer vorbestimmbaren Temperaturdifferenz unterhalb der Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) startet und bei Erreichen der Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) beendet.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) bei der vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung und bei Nichterreichen der Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) nach Ablauf einer vorbestimmbaren Zeitdauer die Brennerleistung ohne Berücksichtigung der Menge des Wärmeträgermediums modulierend verändert.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) bei jeder Veränderung der Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) bei einer der Solltemperatur zugeordneten und vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung erneut misst.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Sekundärtauscher (10) zur Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums verwendbar ist, dass der Regler (1) als Einlauftemperatur (ϑEin) die anhand eines Puffermediumtemperaturfühlers (B4) gemessene Puffermediumtemperatur zuzüglich einer Korrekturtemperatur verwendet, wenn kein Einlauftemperaturfühler (B5) vorhanden ist und wenn die abgeführte Menge an Wärmeträgermedium eine vorbestimmbare Maximalmenge und/oder die Zeit der Abführung eine vorbestimmbare Maximalzeit überschreitet.
- Verfahren zur Regelung von Thermen, insbesondere zur Regelung eines Brauchwasser-Durchlauferhitzers, zur Erwärmung eines Wärmeträgermediums mittels eines Brenners (2), wobei das Wärmeträgermedium über einen Einlauf einem Wärmetauscher (7, 10) zugeführt und über einen Auslauf wieder abgeführt wird, wobei das Wärmeträgermedium am Einlauf eine bestimmte Einlauftemperatur (ϑEin) und am Auslauf eine bestimmte Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) aufweist, und wobei die Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums im Wärmetauscher (7, 10) zumindest in Abhängigkeit einer Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) und der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) geregelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) bei einer vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung gemessen wird, dass anhand der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) die abgeführte Menge des Wärmeträgermediums berechnet wird, und dass die Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums auch anhand der berechneten Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums geregelt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer eingestellten Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) und bei der vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung die kleinste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vAmin) der grössten abführbaren Menge des Wärmeträgermediums und die grösste Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vAmax) der kleinsten abführbaren Menge des Wärmeträgermediums und anhand der gemessenen Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) die abgeführte Menge des Wärmeträgermediums linear im Verhältnis dazu zugeordnet wird, und dass die Reglerparameter anhand der berechneten Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums derart verändert werden, dass die Brennerleistung bei grösseren Mengen von abgeführten Wärmeträgermedium stärker und bei kleineren Mengen von abgeführten Wärmeträgermedium schwächer verändert wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als vorbestimmbare Brennerleistung 60% bis 100%, vorzugsweise etwa 80% der benötigten Brennerleistung bei maximaler abführbarer Menge des Wärmeträgermediums bei einer eingestellten Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) gewählt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 - 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennerleistung in Abhängigkeit von der eingestellten Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) auf einen Maximalwert begrenzt wird, der einem Bruchteil der Brennerleistung bei maximaler Solltemperatur (ϑSollmax) und bei grösster abführbarer Menge des Wärmeträgermediums entspricht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die begrenzte Brennerleistung im Anschluss an die Berechnung der Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums für die modulierende Regelung verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Begrenzung der Brennerleistung auf den Maximalwert abgestellt wird, wenn sich der Regler (1) länger als eine vorbestimmbare Zeitdauer an der Leistungsgrenze befindet und/oder wenn die Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) die Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) abzüglich einer Temperaturdifferenz nicht erreicht und/oder wenn die Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) unterhalb einer vorbestimmbaren Grenze liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 - 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Regelung der Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums die Summe der Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) und einer Sollkorrekturtemperatur (ϑKorr) verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sollkorrekturtemperatur (ϑKorr) an mindestens zwei verschiedenen Werten der Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) durch Messung der exakten Solltemperaturen berechnet und bei allen anderen Werten der Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) anhand einer zwischen den zwei verschiedenen Werten der Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) liegenden Geraden linear interpoliert wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 - 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmeträgermedium mittels eines Sekundärtauschers (10) erwärmt wird, dass als Einlauftemperatur (ϑEin) die gemessene Puffermediumtemperatur zuzüglich einer Korrekturtemperatur verwendet wird, wenn kein Einlauftemperaturfühler (B5) vorhanden ist und wenn die abgeführte Menge an Wärmeträgermedium eine vorbestimmbare Maximalmenge und/oder die Zeit der Abführung eine vorbestimmbare Maximalzeit überschreitet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Einlauftemperatur (ϑEin) die gemessene Puffermediumtemperatur zuzüglich einer Korrekturtemperatur nur dann verwendet wird, wenn diese innerhalb eines vorbestimmbaren Temperaturbereichs um einen bevorzugten Mittelwert herum liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 - 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach einem Starten des Brenners (2) von einer Zündleistung auf eine vorbestimmbare und abspeicherbare Taktleistung des Brenners umgeschaltet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Taktleistung des Brenners die letzte Leistung vor der Abschaltung des Brenners (2) oder die minimale einstellbare Leistung des Brenners (2) ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 21 oder 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gebläse des Brenners (2) im Taktbetrieb, d.h. bei kleinen abgeführten Mengen des Wärmeträgermediums, nicht ausgeschaltet und vorzugsweise mit einer Zünddrehzahl betrieben wird.
- Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 und/oder eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 23 zur Regelung eines Brauchwasser-Durchlauferhitzers.
- Regler (1) zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 23, insbesondere zur Regelung eines Brauchwasser-Durchlauferhitzers, mit mindestens einem Eingang zum Einlesen oder einem Prozessor zur Berechnung der Differenz zwischen einer einstellbaren Solltemperatur (ϑSoll) und der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) eines von einem Brenner (2) erwärmbaren Wärmeträgermediums, und mindestens einem Ausgang zur Regelung der Leistung des Brenners (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) mindestens einen Eingang zum Einlesen der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) aufweist, dass der Regler (1) eine Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) der Auslauftemperatur (ϑAus) bei einer vorbestimmbaren Brennerleistung misst, wobei anhand der Anstiegsgeschwindigkeit (vA) die abgeführte Menge des Wärmeträgermediums berechnet wird, und dass der Regler (1) die Erwärmung des Wärmeträgermediums auch anhand der berechneten Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums regelt.
- Regler nach Anspruch 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (1) die Brennerleistung im Anschluss an die Berechnung der Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums modulierend verändert, wobei die Reglerparameter anhand der berechneten Menge des abgeführten Wärmeträgermediums veränderbar sind.
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DE10154198A DE10154198A1 (de) | 2001-11-07 | 2001-11-07 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Regelung von Thermen |
DE10154198 | 2001-11-07 |
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EP02023856A Expired - Lifetime EP1310746B1 (de) | 2001-11-07 | 2002-10-24 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Regelung von Thermen |
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Cited By (2)
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DE102019123030A1 (de) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizgeräts |
WO2023235393A1 (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-12-07 | Laars Heating Systems Company | System and method for determining heat transfer capacity of an indirect water heater |
Families Citing this family (4)
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GB0413304D0 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2004-07-14 | Taran Systems Ltd | Heating control system |
IT1393216B1 (it) * | 2009-03-05 | 2012-04-11 | Eberle | Dispositivo per il miglioramento del bilancio energetico, particolarmente per caldaie per riscaldamento. |
DE102021108035A1 (de) | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Warmwassergerät und Verfahren zum Steuern des Warmwassergerätes |
CN114251831B (zh) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-04-11 | 佛山市顺德区美的饮水机制造有限公司 | 即热式加热装置及其调控方法和装置、用水设备和介质 |
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CH667516A5 (de) * | 1984-05-29 | 1988-10-14 | Vaillant Gmbh | 2-punkt-regelverfahren fuer eine waermequelle. |
JPS61149761A (ja) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-07-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ガス瞬間給湯器 |
NL8503345A (nl) * | 1985-12-04 | 1987-07-01 | Nefit Nv | Inrichting voor het sturen van een warmwatervoorziening. |
IT1188694B (it) * | 1986-05-23 | 1988-01-20 | Nuovo Pignone Ind Meccaniche & | Sistema di regolazione della temperatura dell'acqua sanitaria in caldaie murali istantanee miste a gas |
CH682185A5 (de) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-07-30 | Landis & Gyr Business Support | |
GB2265027A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-09-15 | Worcester Heat Systems Ltd | Controlling operation of a gas boiler |
DE4305870C2 (de) * | 1993-02-25 | 1997-07-03 | Sandler Energietechnik | Brauchwasser-Temperaturregelung |
DE4438881A1 (de) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-02 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum bedarfsangepaßten Betreiben einer Heizungsanlage |
DE19512025C2 (de) * | 1995-03-31 | 1999-01-28 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gasheizgerät |
DE19804565C2 (de) * | 1998-02-05 | 2000-01-27 | Christoph Kummerer | Selbstlernendes Regelverfahren |
DE19841256C2 (de) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-10-26 | Viessmann Werke Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung bzw. Abkühlung eines Fluids in einem Wärmeaustauscher bzw. Kälteaustauscher und Regelung hierfür |
DE19844856C1 (de) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-05-18 | Honeywell Bv | Warmwasser-Heizgerät |
-
2001
- 2001-11-07 DE DE10154198A patent/DE10154198A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-10-24 DE DE50207704T patent/DE50207704D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-24 EP EP02023855A patent/EP1310736B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-24 EP EP02023856A patent/EP1310746B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-24 DE DE50202701T patent/DE50202701D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-24 AT AT02023855T patent/ATE335169T1/de active
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DE102019123030A1 (de) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizgeräts |
WO2021037311A1 (de) | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum betrieb eines heizgeräts |
WO2023235393A1 (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-12-07 | Laars Heating Systems Company | System and method for determining heat transfer capacity of an indirect water heater |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE335169T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
EP1310736A3 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
EP1310736A2 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
DE50207704D1 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
DE10154198A1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
DE50202701D1 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1310746A1 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
EP1310736B1 (de) | 2006-08-02 |
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